135:. The test drops of the M115 showed that, from an altitude of 4,000 feet (1,200 m), feathers could be spread over an area of 12 square miles (31 km). Three M115 feather bombs were dropped 1 mile (1.6 km) upwind from the target area, which was then monitored for any changes. Estimates showed about a 30% reduction in yield from the infected area.
82:
causing wheat and rye rust standardized in laboratory culture, the U.S. Air Force prepared to transfer the agent to some 4,800 of the M115s. The deployment of the M115 represented the United States' first, though limited, anti-crop
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The M115 was a 500-pound (227 kg) bomb that was converted from a leaflet bomb and to be used to deliver wheat stem rust. Wheat stem rust culture consisted of a dry particulate matter which was adhered to a light-weight
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According to a 1950 military report the M115 was tested in an area 11 miles (18 km) long and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide. The area consisted of 7.5 acres (30,000 m) plots sown with the
Overland variety of
108:, usually feathers. Because of its method of dissemination, the bomb was commonly referred to as the "feather bomb". The feathers would fall over a wide area when released. The M115 was shown to establish 100,000
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first pointed out the need for an anti-crop weapon in
September 1947. In October 1950 the Air Force began procuring 4,800 M115 bombs. By 1954, with the
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Understanding New, Resurgent, and
Resistant Diseases: How Man and Globalization Create and Spread Illness
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214:: Chapter 2 - History of Chemical and Biological Warfare: An American Perspective, (
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United States
Biological Warfare during the Korean War: rhetoric and reality
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Mass production of the M115 bomb began in 1953. The weapon was a modified
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The
International Politics of Biotechnology: Investigating Global Futures
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250:), Manchester University Press, 2000, pp. 173-74, (
204:Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare
87:(BW) capability. Though the weapon was tested at
179:), Harvard University Press, 2006, pp. 217-18, (
173:Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons Since 1945
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308:), Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007, p. 90, (
8:
878:Cold War aerial bombs of the United States
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224:, Textbooks of Military Medicine, PDF via
112:over a 50-square-mile (130 km) area.
325:Endicott, Stephen and Hagerman, Edward. "
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373:United States biological weapons program
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888:Biological anti-agriculture weapons
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817:Soviet biological weapons program
781:Plum Island Animal Disease Center
716:U.S. Army Biological Warfare Labs
280:), Macmillan, 2002, pp. 156-57, (
125:, susceptible to the test agent,
274:Biological Warfare Against Crops
242:Russell, Alan and Vogler, John.
837:U.S. biological defense program
832:U.S. biological weapons program
95:, it was never used in combat.
131:, but not to other strains of
1:
771:One-Million-Liter Test Sphere
228:, accessed November 16, 2008.
226:Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base
766:Horn Island Testing Station
68:airborne leaflet propaganda
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26:
847:War Bureau of Consultants
761:Granite Peak Installation
128:Puccinia graminis avenae
116:Tests involving the M115
46:, was a U.S. biological
633:Operations and testing
604:Flettner rotor bomblet
171:Wheelis, Mark, et al.
812:Entomological warfare
741:Dugway Proving Ground
675:Operation Magic Sword
655:Operation Dark Winter
72:fragmentation weapons
29:M115 (disambiguation)
852:War Research Service
842:U.S. bio-weapons ban
579:E48 particulate bomb
50:designed to deliver
38:, also known as the
27:For other uses, see
786:Vigo Ordnance Plant
736:Deseret Test Center
690:Operation Whitecoat
685:Operation Polka Dot
665:Operation Drop Kick
640:Operation Sea-Spray
93:Frederick, Maryland
36:M115 anti-crop bomb
18:M115 anti-crop bomb
807:Biological warfare
776:Pine Bluff Arsenal
650:Operation Big Itch
645:Operation Big Buzz
407:Enterotoxin type B
209:2012-08-26 at the
201:Smart, Jeffery K.
85:biological warfare
64:M16A1 cluster bomb
883:Cluster munitions
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680:Operation May Day
564:E133 cluster bomb
436:Researched agents
380:Weaponized agents
272:Whitby, Simon M.
110:foci of infection
80:biological agents
16:(Redirected from
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802:Biological agent
624:M33 cluster bomb
599:E96 cluster bomb
594:E86 cluster bomb
589:E77 balloon bomb
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751:Fort Douglas
746:Fort Detrick
731:Building 470
726:Building 257
721:Building 101
619:M143 bomblet
613:
574:E23 munition
569:E14 munition
559:E120 bomblet
543:Yellow fever
463:Dengue fever
330:
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306:Google Books
301:
300:Link, Kurt.
278:Google Books
273:
248:Google Books
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177:Google Books
172:
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89:Fort Detrick
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48:cluster bomb
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40:feather bomb
39:
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695:Project 112
508:Psittacosis
488:Melioidosis
483:Lassa fever
397:Brucellosis
133:cereal rust
867:Categories
756:Fort Terry
709:Facilities
523:Rinderpest
478:Hantavirus
412:Rice blast
314:0275991261
286:0333920856
256:0719058686
218:: p. 51),
185:0674016998
156:References
614:M115 bomb
609:M114 bomb
552:Munitions
417:Tularemia
584:E61 bomb
528:Smallpox
473:Glanders
453:Bird flu
392:Botulism
207:Archived
139:See also
44:E73 bomb
402:Q fever
387:Anthrax
58:History
42:or the
533:Typhus
498:Plague
312:
284:
254:
183:
106:vector
74:. The
513:Ricin
458:CHIKV
91:, in
310:ISBN
282:ISBN
252:ISBN
181:ISBN
123:oats
34:The
538:WEE
518:RVF
493:VND
468:EEE
448:BHF
443:AHF
422:VEE
304:, (
276:, (
246:, (
216:PDF
175:, (
70:or
869::
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293:^
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263:^
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233:^
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164:^
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365:e
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351:v
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20:)
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