124:. The test drops of the M115 showed that, from an altitude of 4,000 feet (1,200 m), feathers could be spread over an area of 12 square miles (31 km). Three M115 feather bombs were dropped 1 mile (1.6 km) upwind from the target area, which was then monitored for any changes. Estimates showed about a 30% reduction in yield from the infected area.
71:
causing wheat and rye rust standardized in laboratory culture, the U.S. Air Force prepared to transfer the agent to some 4,800 of the M115s. The deployment of the M115 represented the United States' first, though limited, anti-crop
92:
The M115 was a 500-pound (227 kg) bomb that was converted from a leaflet bomb and to be used to deliver wheat stem rust. Wheat stem rust culture consisted of a dry particulate matter which was adhered to a light-weight
109:
According to a 1950 military report the M115 was tested in an area 11 miles (18 km) long and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide. The area consisted of 7.5 acres (30,000 m) plots sown with the
Overland variety of
97:, usually feathers. Because of its method of dissemination, the bomb was commonly referred to as the "feather bomb". The feathers would fall over a wide area when released. The M115 was shown to establish 100,000
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first pointed out the need for an anti-crop weapon in
September 1947. In October 1950 the Air Force began procuring 4,800 M115 bombs. By 1954, with the
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Understanding New, Resurgent, and
Resistant Diseases: How Man and Globalization Create and Spread Illness
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203:: Chapter 2 - History of Chemical and Biological Warfare: An American Perspective, (
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United States
Biological Warfare during the Korean War: rhetoric and reality
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Mass production of the M115 bomb began in 1953. The weapon was a modified
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The
International Politics of Biotechnology: Investigating Global Futures
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239:), Manchester University Press, 2000, pp. 173-74, (
193:Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare
76:(BW) capability. Though the weapon was tested at
168:), Harvard University Press, 2006, pp. 217-18, (
162:Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons Since 1945
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297:), Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007, p. 90, (
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867:Cold War aerial bombs of the United States
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213:, Textbooks of Military Medicine, PDF via
101:over a 50-square-mile (130 km) area.
314:Endicott, Stephen and Hagerman, Edward. "
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362:United States biological weapons program
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877:Biological anti-agriculture weapons
862:Biological weapon delivery systems
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806:Soviet biological weapons program
770:Plum Island Animal Disease Center
705:U.S. Army Biological Warfare Labs
269:), Macmillan, 2002, pp. 156-57, (
114:, susceptible to the test agent,
263:Biological Warfare Against Crops
231:Russell, Alan and Vogler, John.
826:U.S. biological defense program
821:U.S. biological weapons program
84:, it was never used in combat.
120:, but not to other strains of
1:
760:One-Million-Liter Test Sphere
217:, accessed November 16, 2008.
215:Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base
755:Horn Island Testing Station
57:airborne leaflet propaganda
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15:
836:War Bureau of Consultants
750:Granite Peak Installation
117:Puccinia graminis avenae
105:Tests involving the M115
35:, was a U.S. biological
622:Operations and testing
593:Flettner rotor bomblet
160:Wheelis, Mark, et al.
801:Entomological warfare
730:Dugway Proving Ground
664:Operation Magic Sword
644:Operation Dark Winter
61:fragmentation weapons
18:M115 (disambiguation)
841:War Research Service
831:U.S. bio-weapons ban
568:E48 particulate bomb
39:designed to deliver
27:, also known as the
16:For other uses, see
775:Vigo Ordnance Plant
725:Deseret Test Center
679:Operation Whitecoat
674:Operation Polka Dot
654:Operation Drop Kick
629:Operation Sea-Spray
82:Frederick, Maryland
25:M115 anti-crop bomb
796:Biological warfare
765:Pine Bluff Arsenal
639:Operation Big Itch
634:Operation Big Buzz
396:Enterotoxin type B
198:2012-08-26 at the
190:Smart, Jeffery K.
74:biological warfare
53:M16A1 cluster bomb
872:Cluster munitions
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669:Operation May Day
553:E133 cluster bomb
425:Researched agents
369:Weaponized agents
261:Whitby, Simon M.
99:foci of infection
69:biological agents
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791:Biological agent
613:M33 cluster bomb
588:E96 cluster bomb
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578:E77 balloon bomb
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740:Fort Douglas
735:Fort Detrick
720:Building 470
715:Building 257
710:Building 101
608:M143 bomblet
602:
563:E23 munition
558:E14 munition
548:E120 bomblet
532:Yellow fever
452:Dengue fever
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295:Google Books
290:
289:Link, Kurt.
267:Google Books
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237:Google Books
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166:Google Books
161:
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78:Fort Detrick
50:
37:cluster bomb
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29:feather bomb
28:
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684:Project 112
497:Psittacosis
477:Melioidosis
472:Lassa fever
386:Brucellosis
122:cereal rust
856:Categories
745:Fort Terry
698:Facilities
512:Rinderpest
467:Hantavirus
401:Rice blast
303:0275991261
275:0333920856
245:0719058686
207:: p. 51),
174:0674016998
145:References
603:M115 bomb
598:M114 bomb
541:Munitions
406:Tularemia
573:E61 bomb
517:Smallpox
462:Glanders
442:Bird flu
381:Botulism
196:Archived
128:See also
33:E73 bomb
391:Q fever
376:Anthrax
47:History
31:or the
522:Typhus
487:Plague
301:
273:
243:
172:
95:vector
63:. The
502:Ricin
447:CHIKV
80:, in
299:ISBN
271:ISBN
241:ISBN
170:ISBN
112:oats
23:The
527:WEE
507:RVF
482:VND
457:EEE
437:BHF
432:AHF
411:VEE
293:, (
265:, (
235:, (
205:PDF
164:, (
59:or
858::
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282:^
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252:^
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222:^
181:^
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153:^
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354:e
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340:v
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