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M3 Gun Motor Carriage

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71: 523:, however by 1941 there was little available in the U.S. Army's arsenal that could be used in such a role. The Army had a number of M1897A5 guns, sufficient for the mass-production for such a weapon, and the M3 half-track was coming into production. After some debate, the Army decided to place M1897A5 guns on the M3 half-track chassis, which was designated the T12 GMC. The M1897A5 gun was originally adapted for the M3 chassis by placing it in a welded box riveted to the chassis behind the driver's compartment. It was accepted by the Army on 31 October 1941. 648: 25: 501:
160AX 147 horsepower (110 kW), 386 cubic inch (6,330 cc), 6-cylinder engine with a compression ratio of 6.44:1. It had a 150-mile (240 km) range, 60 US gal (230 L) fuel tank, a speed of 47 mph (75 km/h), and a power to weight ratio of 14.7 hp per ton.
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with 59 rounds, had 0.25–0.625 in (6.4–15.9 mm) of armor, and a crew of five consisting of a commander, gunner, two loaders, and a driver. The M3 (with the M2A3 mount) could traverse 19° left and 21° right, elevate 29° and depress −10°. The M3A1 (using the M5 mount) could traverse 21° in
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A total of 2,202 M3 GMCs were produced from 1941 to 1943. Only 86 vehicles were produced in 1941, but production increased to 1,350 in 1942, with the remaining 766 completed in 1943. Production was stopped due to the introduction of turreted, purpose-built, tank destroyers, such as the M10 GMC.
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operated T12s against the Japanese when they invaded the Philippines. During the early part of the campaign, the vehicle was used to provide direct covering fire and anti-tank support. The Japanese captured a few vehicles in 1942 and used them in the
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The T12/M3 GMC first saw action with the U.S. Army in the Philippines in 1941–42, six months after it was designed. Fifty were shipped on convoys to the Philippines in the late summer and fall of 1941. Three battalions of the
530:. The 36 T12s were improved in multiple ways. The improvements included the inclusion of a mount that raised the gun shield, the replacement of the original gun shield with the M2A3 gun shield, and the addition of a 1719: 1738: 519:, the U.S. Army studied the reasons behind the effectiveness of the German campaign against the French and British forces. One aspect that was highlighted by this study was the use of 1763: 412:(or M3 GMC). Because the number of M2A3 gun shields available was insufficient for the M3 GMC order, a new gun shield was designed. Variants featuring the new shield were designated 1748: 900: 507:
both directions, but could only depress −6.5°. Firing the M61 armor piercing round, the gun could penetrate up to 3 inches (76 mm) of armor at 1,000 yards (910 m).
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also used M3s for training before receiving M10 tank destroyers. With two issued per squadron in practice they were used as an eight gun regimental artillery battery.
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The M3 GMC was 20.46 feet (6.24 m) long, 7.29 feet (2.22 m) wide, 8.17 feet (2.49 m) high (including the
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for the tracks, while its transmission consisted of constant mesh. Its ground clearance was 11.2 inches (280 mm).
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developed the M5 gun shield, which replaced the M2A3. The new design was designated as the M3A1 gun motor carriage.
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As the existing supply of M2A3 gun shields was insufficient to meet requirements for the production of the M3, the
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in 1942 with the Provisional Field Artillery Brigade in the anti-tank and the fire-support role. It then served in
1316: 1163: 605: 440: 588:. The M3 GMCs, which were designed for ambushing tanks, proved to be inadequate for this task in the battles of 1301: 1187: 624: 593: 534:, which was later removed. After the final improvements were finished, the prototype vehicles were sent to the 520: 432: 1456: 647: 612:
had replaced it in the U.S. Army. A total of 1,360 M3 GMCs were also converted back into M3A1 half-tracks.
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medium tank, in the fight against the Japanese 9th Tank Regiment on Saipan. It also served in the
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The M3 GMC saw limited service with other countries as it was not widely supplied through the
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from the M2A3 (a carriage for the M1897A4), the new vehicle entered production under the name
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Official Munitions Production of the United States, by Months, July 1, 1940 – August 31, 1945
680: 620: 455: 447:. A total of 2,203 were produced, of which 1,361 were converted back into M3A1 half-tracks. 389: 70: 663:
which were the reconnaissance units of the armored formations. They were first used in the
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A batch of 36 T12s was used for testing, while another 50 were built and transported to
1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1556: 1551: 1509: 1368: 1259: 531: 516: 463: 370: 246: 84: 1732: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1609: 1546: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1221: 1216: 459: 397: 1681: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1358: 1287: 1191: 616: 659:. A small batch of 170 vehicles was supplied to Britain, which used them in their 1640: 1396: 1251: 1236: 1042:(War Production Board and Civilian Production Administration, 1 May 1947) p. 232 487: 451: 307: 1695: 1279: 1269: 1231: 1208: 656: 483: 405: 224: 186: 1326: 1226: 264: 596:, mainly due to poor tactics. Nevertheless, the M3 was later used in the 601: 503: 651:
Two British M3 GMCs used for indirect fire in Italy, 18 February 1945.
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American armored fighting vehicle production during World War II
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and several other engagements, but was used with success in the
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in the Pacific Theater of Operations and was first used in the
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with success, claiming 30 German tanks, including possibly two
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An M3 gun motor carriage manned by African-American soldiers.
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tanks, at the cost of 21 M3s. Some M3s also saw service in
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British and Commonwealth Armoured Formations (1919-1946)
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Half-Track: A History of American Semi-Tracked Vehicles
36: 404:. However, after the addition of features such as the 276:
White 160AX, 386 in (6,330 cc), 6-cylinder,
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A request that this article title be changed to
392:, the US Army decided that it required a 75 mm 1694: 1654: 1600: 1539: 1528: 1493: 1465: 1447: 1411: 1367: 1300: 1278: 1250: 1207: 1198: 346: 334: 326: 318: 302: 294: 286: 272: 255: 245: 223: 206: 193: 181: 173: 165: 157: 152: 141: 131: 121: 113: 103: 98: 90: 80: 61: 623:. It proved highly effective against the Japanese 532:0.5 in (12.7 mm) M2 Browning machine gun 1739:World War II tank destroyers of the United States 1084:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Military Vehicles 1117:. Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications. 197:5 (commander, gunner, two loaders, and a driver) 1129:Jane's World War II Tanks and Fighting Vehicles 1764:Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944 828:List of U.S. military vehicles by model number 1749:Self-propelled artillery of the United States 1171: 584:, each of which consisted of 36 M3s and four 8: 1017:Crow, Duncan, AFV Weapons Profile Book No.2 907:- Warfarehistorynetwork.com, 23 January 2016 50:this article until the discussion is closed. 639:, and many other conflicts in the Pacific. 458:. It proved effective against the Japanese 384:After observing the new and often decisive 1536: 1204: 1178: 1164: 1156: 1056:Standard Catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles 58: 1072:. Minnesota, MN: MBI Publishing Company. 608:(Operation Husky), but by that time, the 898:Military Weapons: The French 75mm cannon 694: 1086:. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 848: 443:, but was eventually superseded by the 1004: 1002: 866: 864: 854: 852: 185:8.17 ft (2.49 m) (including 1744:World War II self-propelled artillery 1082:Hogg, Ian V.; Weeks, John S. (1980). 938: 936: 934: 924: 922: 251:0.25–0.625 in (6.4–15.9 mm) 7: 576:By 1942, M3 GMCs were being used by 1515:M16/M17 multiple gun motor carriage 1505:M13/M14 multiple gun motor carriage 566:Provisional Field Artillery Brigade 431:. It was used ineffectively in the 1626:8-inch howitzer motor carriage T84 1510:M15 combination gun motor carriage 679:, but were gradually retired. The 400:. This was initially known as the 14: 1058:. Iola, WI: Krause Publications. 671:. They were also used in Sicily, 502:It was armed with one 75 mm 1759:Half-tracks of the United States 1143:M3 Infantry Half-track 1940–1973 330:60 US gal (230 L) 69: 23: 1520:M19 multiple gun motor carriage 1145:, Oxford: Osprey Publications. 1131:. New York, NY: HarperCollins. 474:and many other island battles. 419:The T12/M3 first served in the 1103:. Navato, CA: Presidio Press. 1070:American Tanks of World War II 1021:, Profile Publishing p.102-104 466:tanks. It later served in the 450:The M3 GMC also served in the 396:, based on the chassis of the 306:Semi-ellipitical longitudinal 142: 1: 1392:M10 3-inch gun motor carriage 263:1 × 75 mm (3.0 in) 1552:Light tank T7/medium tank M7 615:The M3 also served with the 234:M3A1: 21° in both directions 1646:T18 howitzer motor carriage 1621:T19 howitzer motor carriage 1439:M39 armored utility vehicle 1354:M43 howitzer motor carriage 1322:T30 howitzer motor carriage 169:20.46 ft (6.24 m) 161:20,000 lb (9.1 t) 1780: 1631:T92/T93 gun motor carriage 1610:T54/T59 gun motor carriage 1333:M8 howitzer motor carriage 1327:M7 howitzer motor carriage 1141:Zaloga, Steven J. (1994). 571:defense of the Philippines 352:47 mph (75 km/h) 322:11.2 in (280 mm) 177:7.29 ft (2.22 m) 137:February 1942 – April 1943 1717: 1317:M21 mortar motor carriage 1188:armored fighting vehicles 606:Allied invasion of Sicily 578:tank destroyer battalions 441:Allied invasion of Sicily 429:tank destroyer battalions 388:on both sides during the 377:, which was built by the 342:150 mi (240 km) 282:147 hp (110 kW) 240: 201: 91:Place of origin 68: 1754:World War II half-tracks 1127:Ness, Leland S. (2002). 1115:M3 Half-tracks in Action 879:Hogg & Weeks, p. 94. 521:self propelled artillery 439:. It also served in the 433:Battle of Kasserine Pass 1485:M20 armored utility car 1457:Landing Vehicle Tracked 1068:Berndt, Thomas (1994). 1054:Berndt, Thomas (1993). 492:vertical volute springs 390:French campaign of 1940 386:use of armored vehicles 312:vertical volute springs 231:M3: 19° left, 21° right 217:M3A1: 29° up, 6.5° down 16:American tank destroyer 1641:T88 gun motor carriage 1403:M36 gun motor carriage 1397:M18 gun motor carriage 1377:T48 gun motor carriage 1344:M40 gun motor carriage 1339:M12 gun motor carriage 1242:Marmon-Herrington CTLS 888:Berndt (1993), p. 152. 833:T48 gun motor carriage 661:Armoured Car Regiments 652: 582:North African Campaign 375:75 mm M1897A4 gun 135:August–September 1941 63:M3 gun motor carriage 1704:T16 universal carrier 1616:T40/M9 tank destroyer 1387:M6 gun motor carriage 1382:M3 gun motor carriage 1349:M3 gun motor carriage 969:Berndt (1994), p. 31. 951:Hunnicutt, pp. 98–99. 650: 410:M3 gun motor carriage 381:during World War II. 360:M3 gun motor carriage 319:Ground clearance 37:M3 gun motor carriage 1636:T55E1 motor carriage 1572:T28 super-heavy tank 1480:M8 light armored car 598:Battle of El Guettar 454:, starting with the 437:Battle of El Guettar 421:Philippines Campaign 214:M3: 29° up, 10° down 1449:Amphibious vehicles 1359:T34 rocket launcher 1113:Mesko, Jim (1996). 697: 627:light tank and the 548:Ordnance Department 490:for the wheels and 108:Ordnance Department 1497:anti-aircraft guns 987:Zaloga, pp. 34–35. 960:Hunnicutt, p. 104. 903:2017-11-12 at the 858:Hunnicutt, p. 218. 695: 657:Lend-Lease program 653: 621:invasion of Saipan 610:M10 tank destroyer 586:37 mm M6 GMCs 445:M10 tank destroyer 394:self-propelled gun 368:United States Army 327:Fuel capacity 99:Production history 1726: 1725: 1690: 1689: 1531:short production 1529:Experimental and 1419:M2 half-track car 1312:M4 mortar carrier 1296: 1295: 916:Hunnicutt, p. 97. 819: 818: 696:Production of M3 665:Tunisian Campaign 637:Battle of Okinawa 633:Battle of Peleliu 472:Battle of Peleliu 468:Battle of Okinawa 356: 355: 278:compression ratio 55: 54: 1771: 1537: 1412:Armored carriers 1205: 1180: 1173: 1166: 1157: 1097:Hunnicutt, R. P. 1043: 1037: 1031: 1028: 1022: 1015: 1009: 1006: 997: 994: 988: 985: 979: 976: 970: 967: 961: 958: 952: 949: 943: 940: 929: 926: 917: 914: 908: 895: 889: 886: 880: 877: 871: 868: 859: 856: 698: 681:Free French Army 538:for production. 456:Battle of Saipan 373:equipped with a 349: 144: 73: 64: 59: 43:under discussion 39: 27: 26: 19: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1773: 1772: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1713: 1709:T17E1 Staghound 1686: 1677:T27 Armored Car 1650: 1602: 1601:Self-propelled 1596: 1567:T25 medium tank 1562:T20 medium tank 1532: 1530: 1524: 1496: 1495:Self-propelled 1489: 1461: 1443: 1407: 1369:Tank destroyers 1363: 1303: 1302:Self-propelled 1292: 1274: 1246: 1194: 1184: 1051: 1046: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1025: 1016: 1012: 1007: 1000: 995: 991: 986: 982: 977: 973: 968: 964: 959: 955: 950: 946: 941: 932: 927: 920: 915: 911: 905:Wayback Machine 896: 892: 887: 883: 878: 874: 869: 862: 857: 850: 846: 841: 824: 711: 689: 675:, and later in 645: 561: 556: 554:Service history 544: 536:Autocar Company 528:the Philippines 513: 480: 452:Pacific theater 379:Autocar Company 339: 337: 310:for wheels and 281: 267: 260: 258: 241: 202: 136: 126:Autocar Company 76: 62: 51: 35: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1777: 1775: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1731: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1715: 1714: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1700: 1698: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1685: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1649: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1612: 1606: 1604: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1594: 1592:T34 heavy tank 1589: 1587:T32 heavy tank 1584: 1582:T30 heavy tank 1579: 1577:T29 heavy tank 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1557:T14 heavy tank 1554: 1549: 1543: 1541: 1534: 1526: 1525: 1523: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1501: 1499: 1491: 1490: 1488: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1471: 1469: 1463: 1462: 1460: 1459: 1453: 1451: 1445: 1444: 1442: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1373: 1371: 1365: 1364: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 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324: 323: 320: 316: 315: 304: 300: 299: 296: 292: 291: 288: 284: 283: 274: 270: 269: 261: 256: 253: 252: 249: 243: 242: 238: 237: 236: 235: 232: 227: 221: 220: 219: 218: 215: 210: 204: 203: 199: 198: 195: 191: 190: 183: 179: 178: 175: 171: 170: 167: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 153:Specifications 150: 149: 146: 139: 138: 133: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 115: 111: 110: 105: 101: 100: 96: 95: 92: 88: 87: 85:Tank destroyer 82: 78: 77: 74: 66: 65: 53: 52: 49: 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1776: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1721: 1716: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1672:T18 Boarhound 1670: 1668: 1667:T17 Deerhound 1665: 1663: 1662:M38 Wolfhound 1660: 1659: 1657: 1655:Armoured cars 1653: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1605: 1599: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1547:M6 heavy tank 1545: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1535: 1527: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1500: 1498: 1492: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1434:M9 half-track 1432: 1430: 1429:M5 half-track 1427: 1425: 1424:M3 half-track 1422: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1299: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1222:M2 light tank 1220: 1218: 1217:M1 combat car 1215: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1181: 1176: 1174: 1169: 1167: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1152: 1151:1-85532-467-9 1148: 1144: 1140: 1138: 1137:0-00-711228-9 1134: 1130: 1126: 1124: 1123:0-89747-363-9 1120: 1116: 1112: 1110: 1109:0-89141-742-7 1106: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1092:0-13-450817-3 1089: 1085: 1081: 1079: 1078:0-87938-930-3 1075: 1071: 1067: 1065: 1064:0-87341-223-0 1061: 1057: 1053: 1052: 1048: 1041: 1036: 1033: 1030:Ness, p. 196. 1027: 1024: 1020: 1014: 1011: 1005: 1003: 999: 996:Mesko, p. 21. 993: 990: 984: 981: 978:Mesko, p. 22. 975: 972: 966: 963: 957: 954: 948: 945: 939: 937: 935: 931: 928:Zaloga, p. 22 925: 923: 919: 913: 910: 906: 902: 899: 894: 891: 885: 882: 876: 873: 870:Ness, p. 207. 867: 865: 861: 855: 853: 849: 843: 838: 834: 831: 829: 826: 825: 821: 814: 811: 808: 805: 802: 799: 796: 793: 790: 787: 784: 781: 778: 775: 772: 770: 767: 764: 761: 760: 756: 753: 750: 747: 744: 741: 738: 735: 732: 729: 726: 723: 720: 717: 714: 709: 706: 703: 700: 699: 693: 686: 684: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 649: 642: 640: 638: 634: 630: 626: 625:Type 95 Ha-Go 622: 618: 613: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 574: 572: 567: 558: 553: 551: 549: 541: 539: 537: 533: 529: 524: 522: 518: 510: 508: 505: 500: 495: 493: 489: 485: 477: 475: 473: 469: 465: 461: 460:Type 95 Ha-Go 457: 453: 448: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 417: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 398:M3 Half-track 395: 391: 387: 382: 380: 376: 372: 369: 365: 361: 351: 345: 341: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 298:Constant mesh 297: 293: 289: 285: 279: 275: 271: 266: 262: 254: 250: 248: 244: 239: 233: 230: 229: 228: 226: 222: 216: 213: 212: 211: 209: 205: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 151: 147: 140: 134: 130: 127: 124: 120: 116: 112: 109: 106: 102: 97: 94:United States 93: 89: 86: 83: 79: 72: 67: 60: 57: 47: 45: 44: 40: 38: 30: 21: 20: 1682:S1 Scout Car 1533:run vehicles 1475:M3 Scout Car 1467:Armored cars 1288:M26 Pershing 1192:World War II 1142: 1128: 1114: 1100: 1083: 1069: 1055: 1049:Bibliography 1039: 1035: 1026: 1018: 1013: 992: 983: 974: 965: 956: 947: 912: 893: 884: 875: 690: 654: 617:U.S. Marines 614: 590:Sidi Bou Zid 575: 562: 559:American use 545: 525: 514: 496: 488:leaf springs 481: 449: 425:North Africa 418: 413: 409: 401: 383: 363: 359: 357: 295:Transmission 287:Power/weight 122:Manufacturer 56: 34: 32: 1237:M24 Chaffee 754:March 1943 721:April 1942 718:March 1942 511:Development 336:Operational 308:leaf spring 290:14.7 hp/ton 145: built 48:do not move 1733:Categories 1696:Lend-Lease 1270:M4 Sherman 1232:M22 Locust 839:References 736:Sept 1942 730:July 1942 727:June 1942 710:Oct 1941 - 707:Sept 1941 687:Production 643:Allied use 515:After the 484:gun shield 406:gun shield 314:for tracks 303:Suspension 187:gun shield 1603:artillery 1399:(Hellcat) 1304:artillery 1227:M3 Stuart 1186:American 844:Citations 751:Feb 1943 748:Jan 1943 745:Dec 1942 742:Nov 1942 739:Oct 1942 733:Aug 1942 724:May 1942 715:Feb 1942 712:Jan 1942 704:Aug 1941 667:with the 497:It had a 268:59 rounds 265:M1897 gun 208:Elevation 46:. Please 1329:(Priest) 901:Archived 822:See also 635:and the 414:M3A1 GMC 366:) was a 280:: 6.44:1 259:armament 225:Traverse 132:Produced 114:Designed 104:Designer 1335:(Scott) 1099:(2001) 580:in the 504:M1897A5 117:1940–41 1265:M3 Lee 1252:Medium 1149:  1135:  1121:  1107:  1090:  1076:  1062:  815:2,202 757:Total 701:Month 677:France 470:, the 364:M3 GMC 273:Engine 182:Height 166:Length 1540:Tanks 1280:Heavy 1209:Light 1200:Tanks 673:Italy 602:Tiger 499:White 338:range 247:Armor 174:Width 148:2,202 1614:T24/ 1147:ISBN 1133:ISBN 1119:ISBN 1105:ISBN 1088:ISBN 1074:ISBN 1060:ISBN 809:150 806:291 797:119 794:139 791:112 785:178 782:274 779:229 776:150 592:and 542:M3A1 462:and 358:The 257:Main 194:Crew 158:Mass 81:Type 1190:of 812:75 800:90 788:49 768:25 765:61 762:M5 427:in 402:T12 143:No. 41:is 1735:: 1001:^ 933:^ 921:^ 863:^ 851:^ 803:9 773:1 573:. 416:. 1179:e 1172:t 1165:v 362:( 189:)

Index

M3 gun motor carriage
under discussion
A photograph of an M3 gun motor carriage in a flat area. A mountain is visible in the background, but is obscured by clouds.
Tank destroyer
Ordnance Department
Autocar Company
gun shield
Elevation
Traverse
Armor
M1897 gun
compression ratio
leaf spring
vertical volute springs
United States Army
tank destroyer
75 mm M1897A4 gun
Autocar Company
use of armored vehicles
French campaign of 1940
self-propelled gun
M3 Half-track
gun shield
Philippines Campaign
North Africa
tank destroyer battalions
Battle of Kasserine Pass
Battle of El Guettar
Allied invasion of Sicily
M10 tank destroyer

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