Hapkido - Knowledge (XXG)

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organization and taught Dae Dong Ryu Sul under the Kuk Sool name. One of his best friends was Suh In-hyuk's older brother, and he asked Choi to help spread Kuk Sool Won in Seoul. He also has been belonged to the Daehan Hapkido association. In 1972, Choi Han-young immigrated to the United States and moved to El Paso, Texas. He created his own system called Choi's Martial Arts, and later in the 90s, he renamed it to Chun Ki (Heavenly Power). It was his ambition to acquire do so that Chun Ki Do become accepted as a new style, and he achieves tenth-degree black belt status. Grandmaster's goal was to develop his own martial art to reach the 10th-degree black belt. So Chun Ki was born. It took a long time and a lot of work to add the long-dreamed-of Do, and Chun Ki Do gain worldwide recognition in the line of hapkido. As a new style in the colour hapkido world as its own style, Grand Master Han-young Choi was awarded the title of Grand Patriarch, the founder of Chun Ki Do Hapkido. He has trained over 50,000 students in Asia, Europe, and America and is respected by many as one of the few remaining original Hapkido Grandmasters. His belt examination program is methodical and didactically structured, all techniques are explained in simple steps and easy for everyone to understand. With his 15 hand levers, his bring techniques to the man are unique in martial arts. A few of the notable students were: His son Sam Choi, Daniel Ray Walker, and Roman Nikolaus Urban who founded the Chun Ki Do Association in

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into modern hapkido) – joint manipulation from Grandmaster Chang In Mok. Grandmaster Chang has the same training and lineage as Grandmaster Choi Yong-sul...both brought what is now known as hapkido to Korea from Japan, except Grandmaster Choi commercialized it and Grandmaster Chang did not. Grandmaster Chang focused on oriental medicine and acupuncture. He Choi learned acupuncture and pressure points from him. Before he founded the World Chun Ki Association, he belonged to the Daehan Hapkido association and Kuk Sool Won Association. One of his best friends was Suh In-hyuk's older brother, and he asked Grandmaster Choi to help spread Kuk Sool Won in Seoul. In the old days, their spread martial arts by fighting the owner of the neighbourhood schools. Then taking them over and changing the names and techniques. One school at a time, he went neighbourhood by neighbourhood, fighting school owners and taking over schools in the name of Kuk Sool Won. Then he moved to the U.S. and after getting fed up with the politics of Daehan and Kuk Sool Won, he quit and founded the World Chun Ki Do Association.

1388: 1655: 1646: 1637: 1615: 1597: 1409: 1400: 2784:, a method of disarming and destroying the elbow joint of a sword-wielding opponent. Hapkido typically introduces this technique off a wrist-grabbing attack where the defender makes a circular movement with his hands to free himself from the opponent's grasp and applies a pronating wristlock while cutting down upon the elbow joint with their forearm, taking their opponent down to the ground, where an elbow lock is applied with one's hand or knee to immobilize the attacker in a pin. Both Daito-ryu and Aikido prefer to use hand pressure on the elbow throughout the technique rather than using the forearm as a "hand blade ( 2138:, or harmony, is simply the act of remaining relaxed and not directly opposing an opponent's force. For example, if an opponent were to push against a hapkido practitioner's chest, rather than resist and push back, the hapkido practitioner would blend with the opponent, avoiding any direct confrontation by moving in the same direction as the push and utilizing the opponent's forward momentum to execute a throw. Thus, this principle is largely based on energy conservation, allowing the hapkido practitioner to remain strong and fresh while his opponent becomes tired throughout the conflict. 2760:. These techniques are derived from Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu although their manner of performance is not always identical to that of the parent art. Still many of the techniques found in hapkido are quite similar to those of Daito-ryu and of Aikido, which was derived from that art. Examples of such techniques are: the supinating wristlock, pronating wristlock, internal rotational wristlock, and the utilization of pressure points on the wrist. These techniques are common to many forms of Japanese Jujutsu, Chinese 1606: 1984:

Master Lim, Hyun-soo, president of the Jung Ki-kwan, he obtained a 4th dan certificate signed by Founder Choi Yong-sul. Since Choi's death in 1986 GM Lim studied with the top students of Founder Choi. Some of these Grandmasters were GM Jun Jeong-pil (kicking), GM Lee Jae-young (advanced wrist technology), GM Lee Young-hee (clothing grab defense), GM Chae Hung-jun (special offensive techniques for joint locking and throwing), GM Kim Yeong-jae (special self-protection techniques).

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Han was one of the world's foremost practitioners of hapkido, and is referred to as the Father of his own offshoot of modern hapkido in the Western World. He led a dedicated effort in the development of his own version of hapkido. He taught thousands of loyal students throughout his life with many becoming masters themselves. Other masters across all styles have sought out his wisdom and teachings.

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opponent for 'come along' techniques (as is often employed in law enforcement), to assist in a hard or gentle throw or to cause the dislocation or breaking of the joint. Hapkido differs from some post-war styles of Aikido in its preservation of a great many techniques which are applied against the joint that were deemed by some to be inconsistent with Aikido's more pacifistic philosophy.

155: 1682: 946: 2435:) kicking techniques were only to the lower body, but most derived varieties of hapkido, probably as a direct influence from other Korean arts, also include high kicks and jumping kicks. At the more advanced levels of Hapkido the practitioner learns "blade kicks" which utilize sweeping blade strikes of the inner and outer foot against pressure points of the body. 4114: 1113: 2446:, both of whom were exposed to what were thought to be indigenous Korean kicking arts. They combined these forms together with the yu sool concepts for striking taught to them by Choi and during a period of 8 months training together in 1961 finalized the kicking curriculum which would be used by the Korea Hapkido Association for many years to come. 1267:

inverted arrowhead design featured in both the modern incarnation of the KiDo Association and by Myung Kwang-Sik's World Hapkido Federation. Choi Yong-sool was also employed during this time as a bodyguard to Seo's father who was a congressman. Seo and Choi agreed to shorten the name of the art from 'hapki yu kwon sool' to 'hapkido' in 1959.

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Chancellor of the Republic of China, Mr. Chang, during their visits to Seoul, Korea. Lee came to the United States in June 1980. He currently operates a Hapkido Center in Warren, New Jersey, and is also a member of the Law Enforcement Officers Association New Jersey State. He has been instructing students for over 42 years in hapkido.

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This school was founded by Grandmaster Lim Chae-kwan in 2007 after many years of research and study into the Hapkido of Founder Choi Young-sul. As a high school student, Lim, Chea-kwan began his Hapkido training under Grand Master Lim, Hyun-soo. Through the courtesy of his teacher at that time Grand

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Han Bong-soo (한봉수; alternately rendered as Bong-soo Han) began his training in hapkido after seeing a demonstration put on by the founder, Yong-sul Choi. From then on, he committed himself to hapkido training under Choi and other teachers, but never received any direct high ranking from Choi himself.

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Lim Hyun-soo was born in Geochang County, South Gyeongsang Province, of Korea on Sept. 7, 1944. In 1965 he visited hapkido founder Choi Yong-sool and experienced the martial art for the first time. In 1965, Lim began his training in hapkido under Kim Yeung-jae, the chief instructor at Choi's studio.

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Doju Chang continues to teach in New York City after decades of maintaining a commercial school, as well as a stint teaching hapkido at the United Nations. He currently teaches a small group in NYC dedicated to the preservation of hapkido. Many detractors have spread endless conjecture about him. One

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Later, when this organization combined with the organizations founded by Myung Jae-nam (Korea Hapki Association/한국 합기회) and Kim Moo-Hong (Korean Hapkido Association/한국 합기도 협회) in 1973, they became the very extensive and influential organization known as the Republic of Korea Hapkido Association (대한민국

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and was a graduate of Korea University. After watching Choi Yong-sool successfully defend himself against a group of men when an argument erupted in the yard of the Seo Brewery Company, Seo who was son of the chairman of the company, invited Choi to begin teaching martial arts to him and some workers

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system in Seoul. His martial arts are based on stepping techniques (triangle step, cross step, skip step), turning and jumping. His early years of formal training at a Buddhist monastery in Kyongi do, where he learned meditation, breathing, and application into the physical world. Hounslow (developed

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techniques used to control the opponent on the ground. It is believed that these techniques were absorbed into the hapkido curriculum from judo as there were a great many judo practitioners in Korea at that time and its tactics were commonly employed in the fighting of the period. Indeed, there also

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Proper hapkido tactics include using footwork and a series of kicks and hand strikes to bridge the distance with an opponent. Then to immediately control the balance of the opponent (typically by manipulating the head and neck), for a take down or to isolate a wrist or arm and apply a joint twisting

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Kim is the founder of the Bum Moo Kwan style, in which the practitioner is instructed to finish the encounter quickly, using any available material as weapon or any part of his body, aiming the opponent's pressure or vital points. Bum Moo is one of the three original and government regulated Hapkido

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Chang's intimate video interview(one of several over decades) with his teacher Doju Choi during his visit to New York City has been abused through numerous interpretations and translations. Some have even claimed erroneously to have conducted the interview themselves, further clouding and distorting

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A large inauguration ceremony followed on April 11, 1985. The historic event was covered and documented by Korea Sports News and MBC Korean Television. Choi Young-sool, Chang, and Choi's son, the late Choi Bok-yeol, were in attendance. Choi left the full documentation and recordings of the system to

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Most techniques involve applying force in the direction that a joint moves naturally and then forcing it to overextend or by forcing a joint to move in a direction that goes against its natural range of motion. These techniques can be used to cause pain and force a submission, to gain control of an

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thrust, the hapkido practitioner would redirect the opponent's force by leading the attack in a circular pattern, thereby adding the attacker's power to his own. Once he has redirected that power, the hapkido practitioner can then execute any of a variety of techniques to incapacitate his attacker.

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Chong-min Lee was born and raised in Seoul, Korea. He began his study of hapkido as a teenager and continued studying hapkido throughout his life though not a direct student of the late Grandmaster Yong-sool Choi. He is a self-promoted 9th Degree Black Belt, the Master Instructor of Hapkido Center,

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area, Korea, and started training Hapkido directly under Choi Yong-sool (최용술) in 1957. He was one of the earlier students of Hapkido, and one source puts him as the eight original student of Choi Yong-sool. Kim Jung-soo trained sporadically under Choi Yong-sool (최용술) along with his primary teachers

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Originally a member of the Korea Kido Association, the organization sent Kim to teach hapkido in the United States in 1969. Upon returning to Korea in 1970, Kim looked to Ji Han-Jae's move to set up his own organization and with the encouragement of his students followed suit and founded the Korean

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Although a founding member of the Korea Kido Association (대한기도회) in 1963 with Choi Yong-sool as titular chairman and Kim Jeong-yoon as Secretary General and Head Instructor for the association, Ji found himself not able to exert as much control over the organization as he might have wished. To this

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Kwang Jang Nim Han-young Choi was born in Kyongkido, Korea December 11, 1935. He began his formal martial arts training at the age of four, instructed by his father (Chun-san Choi) and his uncle (Man-san Choi), in 1939 to learn his family's martial arts system, a system based on stepping, spinning,

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In addition to throws which are achieved by unbalancing one's opponent through the twisting of their joints, hapkido also contains techniques of pure throwing which do not require the assistance of jointlocks. Some of these techniques are found within Daito-ryu but a great many of them are held in

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in hapkido make it distinctly Korean. Taekwondo kicks appear to be similar to many of the kicks found in hapkido, though again circular motion is emphasized. Also, in contrast to most modern taekwondo styles, hapkido utilises a wide variety of low (below the waist), hooking or sweeping kicks, with

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In 1961, Kim Moo-hong (김무홍) moved to Seoul to open a dojang, and Kim Jung-soo (김정수) and Won Kwang-wha (원광화) went with him and became his dojang's primary instructors. Together, they developed the Shin Moo Kwan (신무관) branch of Hapkido. In 1963 Kim Jung-soo (김정수) decided to go his own way and opened

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In 1951, Seo opened up the first proper dojang called the "Daehan Hapki Yukwonsool Dojang (대한합기유권술도장)". Seo also incorporated many of judo's throws and ground work techniques to the teachings of master Choi. The first symbol for hapkido was designed by Seo, which was used to denote the art was the

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in Japan. Choi Yong-sool trained many students but Jang only trained a few. Jang's notable students included Han-young Choi (Chun Ki Do), Jang Seeung-ho, Song Joon-hwi, Hu Il-wong (teacher of Peter and Joseph Kim) and Song Il-hun. He introduced the Dae Don Ryu Sul system to Korea in 1960. He first

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Grand Patriarch Jang In-mok (born 15 August 1912) of Daegu, who also trained under Takeda Sokaku's lineage, returned to Daegu in 1945 like Grand Patriarch Choi Yong-sul. He was a doctor of Oriental medicine and taught aikijitsu as hapkido. Jang learned Dae Dong Ryu Yu Sul Hapkido from his teachers

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on Shin Shu mountain where he lived and trained with the master for 30 years. The interview also asserts that he travelled with him as a teaching assistant, that he was employed to catch war deserters and that he was the only student to have a complete understanding of the system taught by Takeda.

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Kim Jung-soo (김정수) is mostly known for being the founder and president of the Korea-based World Hapkido General Federation, also known as World Hapkido Federation, collecting most of the schools under the Yun Bee Kwan (윤비관) linage in one federation. This organization has since expanded worldwide.

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I've heard that this man who studied Daito-ryu had some contact with my father after that. Then he returned to Korea and began teaching Daito-ryu on a modest scale. The art gradually became popular and many Koreans trained with him. Since aikido became popular in Japan he called his art hapkido .

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This is contradicted by other claims asserting that Choi was simply a worker in the home of Takeda. The meticulous enrollment and fee records of Tokimune Takeda, Takeda's eldest son and Daitō-ryū's successor, do not seem to include Choi's name among them. Therefore, except for claims made by Choi

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at closer fighting distances. Hapkido emphasizes circular motion, redirection of force, and control of the opponent. Practitioners seek to gain advantage over their opponents through footwork and body positioning to incorporate the use of leverage, avoiding the use of brute strength against brute

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techniques, but in general the circles are smaller and the techniques are applied in a more linear fashion. Hapkido's joint manipulation techniques attack both large joints (such as the elbow, shoulder, neck, back, knee, and hip) and small joints (such as wrists, fingers, ankles, toes, and jaw).

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Myung Jae-nam exchanged martial art techniques and information with an Aikido practitioner named Hirata in 1965, for a period of about four years and included many aikido-like techniques into his version of hapkido. He has produced Several books and videos on the subject of hapkido self-defense.

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Furthermore, the future Grandmaster, who was a personally trained, closed-door disciple of Choi, was given Letter of Appointment certificates, the second dated December 1, 1977, and the third dated March 5, 1980. This gave Chang more progressive power and authority in Choi's Hapkido Association.

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and Korean hapkido share common technical origins, in time they have become separate and distinct from one another. They differ significantly in philosophy, range of responses, and manner of executing techniques. The fact that they share the same Japanese technical ancestry represented by their

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The judo/yudo techniques were however adopted with adjustments made to make them blend more completely with the self-defence orientation which hapkido stresses. For example, many of the judo style throwing techniques employed in hapkido do not rely upon the use of traditional judo grips on the

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Kim Myung-yong was born in Korea in 1942. He started at the age of 17 training at Seung Moo Kwan School under Grandmaster Ji Han-jae. He was a hapkido instructor in the military camp of Wang Shim Ri. His style of Hapkido Jin Jung Kwan has locations all over the world and is one of the largest

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In 1967, Han emigrated to the United States of America, first staying with and teaching at his friend S. O. Choi's hapkido school in California. Han later opened his own school in Los Angeles in 1968. His early years were difficult and he worked in a factory during the day while he taught at a

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the current forever moves the water downstream and that persistent flow can erode away just about anything, even a boulder, which is often perceived as a substance that's "stronger" than water. Hapkido is fluid and does not rely on brute force against force. Rather it is much like water as an

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in Daegu and was promoted to 9th dan by Choi. Lim is an accomplished swordsman and created Chung Suk Kuhapdo after studying sword styles in Japan and Korea. Choi told Lim that learning swordsmanship would be an essential component to his hapkido training. Lim attends his studio daily to teach

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based skills and that it was he who added much of the kicking and weapon techniques we now associate with modern hapkido. The reality being that Grandmaster Choi Yong-sool taught him little of the original art and higher level techniques so he fabricated a new system on his own terms. He also

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Lee served as an Instructor with the 1st Special Forces Group in the Korean Army, and has taught martial arts to the Police Departments in Seoul as well as Plainfield, New Jersey. He has also served as the director of Hapkido demonstrations for such dignitaries as Hubert H. Humphrey and the

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Choi, Han-young, was also a pioneer of the Taekwondo Han Moo Kwan system. He held the number one Black Belt certificate from the Han Moo Kwan. Choi, after he had studied for three years under Dr. Chang In-mok, moved to Seoul and began to teach Dae Dong Ryu Yu Sul. But he joined the Kuk Sool

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asserted that it was he who first used the term 'hapkido' to refer to the art. While both claims are contested by some of the other senior teachers of the art, what is not contested is the undeniably huge contributions made by Ji to the art, its systematization and its promotion worldwide.

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aerea, under various names, but still considered to be part of the Yun Bee Kwan (윤비관) family. These schools are known to hold tightly to the original teachings of Choi, Yong-sool (김정수), while also including most of the refinements done by Kim Moo-hong (김무홍) in terms of kicking methods.

2704: 3147:). Hapkido training is vigorous and demanding. The practitioner could benefit in training by being lean and muscular. However, strength is not a prerequisite of hapkido; what strength and fitness is necessary to perform the techniques develops naturally as a result of training. 1297:

If the martial art education of Choi Yong-sool is unconfirmed, the same must be said for martial art history of Ji Han-jae's training, apart from his time as a student of Choi. Ji was an early student (Dan #14) of Choi. He details that prior to opening his martial art school in

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While Kondo Katsuyuki has released documentation from Takeda Sokaku's eimeiroku that confirms that Choi Yong-sul did in fact study with him for a short time, some scholars believe it is likely that Choi received most of his training in Daito Ryu from Yoshida Kotaro.

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Han studied and refined this Korean martial art for more than 60 years. He was not a direct high level student of Grandmaster Yong-sul Choi but created and crafted his own limited version from various other teachers that he expanded and taught throughout the world.

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Ji Han-jae (지한재) was undoubtedly the prime mover in the art of Korean hapkido. It is due to his physical skills, technical contributions, promotional efforts and political connections as head hapkido instructor to the presidential body guard under Korean President

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Hand striking in hapkido (unless in competition) is not restricted to punches and open hand striking; some significance is given to striking with fingernails at the throat and eyes; pulling at the opponent's genitals is also covered in conventional training.

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The following is an example of the Korea Hapkido Association technical requirements from 1st degree to 5th degree Black Belt as recorded by Hae-young Kim in 1991, created in association with Ji Han-jae. These techniques are now considered pre-dan level.

28: 1479:(원광화) and Kim Jung-soo(김정수) also served as instructors at this dojang. Kim's notable students were Lee Han-cheol (이한철), Kim Woo-tak (김우탁; who founded the Kuk Sool Kwan Hapkido dojang), Huh Il-woong (허일웅), Lee Joo-bang (이주방; who founded modern 3067:), war-fan or other types of bladed weapons such as twin short swords. Some schools even teach students to defend against firearms. Hapkido weapons techniques are often incorporated into many military and law enforcement training curricula. 2163:

a person has, and the better it is for the hapkido practitioner. Additionally, these circular motions are not limited to mere circles but can also take on spiral or even helical formations, which further serve to confound your adversaries.

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being pronounced "ai" in Japanese and "hap" in Korean, has proved problematic in promoting hapkido internationally as a discipline with its own set of unique characteristics differing from those common to Japanese martial arts.

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himself, there is little evidence that Choi was the adopted son of Takeda. Kondo Katsuyuki (current head of the mainline Daito Ryu) has however released a page from Takeda Sokaku's eimeiroku that contains Choi Yong-sul's name.

1574:, though he retired from public teaching. Choi privately taught Lim during his visits and also spent his days at the studio playing baduk (Go) with Lim. During these times, Lim asked Choi about Hapkido techniques. 1582:

students from home and abroad. Since 1996, he has visited the U.S. many times for seminars. In addition, he has hosted Hapkido and Chung Suk Kuhapdo seminars in European countries such as Sweden and the Netherlands.

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On April 5, 1985, Choi personally awarded Chang with the title of Doju (Keeper of the way). Chang also had the privilege and honor of being the first hapkido master awarded the 9th Dan certificate by Choi in 1980.

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Hapkido training takes place in a dojang. While training methods vary, a typical training session will contain technique practice (striking techniques as well as defensive throws and grappling), break falling

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Like most martial arts, hapkido employs a great number of punches and hand strikes, as well as elbow strikes. A distinctive example of hapkido hand techniques is "live hand" strike that focuses energy to the

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struggling hapkido school in the evening located in an economically depressed area. Later, he relocated his school to the Pacific Palisades area in an effort to be closer to Hollywood and the movie industry.

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Kim Chong-sung (김종성, Jang Mu Won Hapkido Founder) was one of the oldest living active hapkido instructors, who maintains that the source of these kicking methods is from the indigenous Korean kicking art of

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Hapkido seeks to be a fully comprehensive fighting style and as such tries to avoid narrow specialization in any particular type of technique or range of fighting. It maintains a wide range of tactics for

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The subsequent history is quite controversial in Daitō-ryū circles but is claimed by many contemporary hapkido-ists and is attributed to Choi in an interview that took place during a trip Choi made to the

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Hapkido emphasizes self-defense over sport fighting and as such employs the use of weapons, including environmental weapons of opportunity, in addition to empty hand techniques. Some schools also teach

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means "way" or "art", yielding a literal translation of "joining-energy-way". It is most often translated as "the way of coordinating energy", "the way of coordinated power", or "the way of harmony".

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adaptable entity, in that a hapkido master will attempt to deflect an opponent's strike in a way that is similar to free-flowing water being divided around a stone, only to return and envelop it.

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Even today Korea remains one of the strongest countries in the world for the sport of judo and this cross influence on the art of Korean hapkido to be felt in Hapkido influenced styles such as

1885:. The Korea Hapkido Association was formed with the assistance of Park Jong-kyu, who was the head of the Presidential Protective Forces and one of the most powerful men in Korea at the time. 1336:(신무 합기도), which incorporates philosophical tenets, a specific series of techniques (including kicks) and healing techniques into the art. Three of Ji Han-jae's notable students in Korea were 1987:

GM Lim Chae-kwan after studying Founder Choi's Hapkido style and feeling his very high level martial arts has studied diligently his whole life to become a skilled craftsman in Hapkido.

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in the hand, producing energy strikes and internal strikes. The hand strikes are often used to weaken the opponent before joint locking and throwing, and also as finishing techniques.

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Kim Moo-hong (김무홍; alternately rendered as Kim Moo-woong or Kim Mu-hyun) was a student from the Choi and Seo's Daehan Hapki Yukwonsool Dojang, who later taught at Seo's main dojang in

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throw, depending upon the situation; Hapkido is a comprehensive system and once the opponent's balance has been taken, there are myriad techniques to disable and subdue the opponent.

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lineage created further controversy by stating Choi passed the system to his only son, Choi Bok-yeol, which is incorrect, misleading, and insulting to the legacy and wishes of Choi.

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In order to recall hand strikes more easily in an emotionally charged situation, beginning students are taught conventional, effective patterns of blocks and counter-attacks called

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These specific certificates, along with his 9th Dan ranking in 1980, and Doju title in 1985, amply demonstrate that Choi was grooming Chang to be the future Grandmaster of Hapkido.

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are either struck to produce unconsciousness or manipulated to create pain allowing one to more easily upset the balance of one's opponent prior to a throw or joint manipulation.

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In 1972, Myung Jae-nam (명재남) was one of the original members of the Korea Hapkido Association (대한 합기도 협회), which was formed in 1965 at the request of the South Korean President

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After the death of Choi Yong-sool in 1986, Ji came forward with the assertion that it was he who founded the Korean art of hapkido, asserting that Choi Yong-sool taught only

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Hapkido's method of delivery tends toward greater weight commitment to the strikes and less concern for quick retraction of the kicking leg. Traditionally, Choi Yong-sool's

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From 1978, Lim attained all of his ranks and training directly from Choi. During his training, Lim endured strict and intense training. With Choi's blessing, he launched

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Hapkido Association in 1971. Later he combined this organization with the groups led by Ji Han-Jae and Myung Jae-nam to form the Republic of Korea Hapkido Association.

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Then the art split into many schools before anyone realized it. This is what my father told me. I once received a letter from this teacher after my father's death.

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black belt when they met. Some of Choi's other respected senior students are: Chinil Chang, Lim Hyun-soo, Ji Han-Jae, Chung Kee-tae, Kim Moo-hong, and arguably

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uniform, which can play a large role in the Japanese sport. Instead in many cases they rely upon gripping the limbs, head or neck in order to be successful.

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Although well known for its wristlocking techniques, Hapkido has an equally wide array of tactics which center upon the manipulation of the elbow joint (see

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I don't know what art it was but I understand that there was a young Korean of about 17 or 18 who participated in a seminar of Sokaku Takeda Sensei held in

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in 1980 to visit his direct lineage successor Chin-il Chang in New York City. In the interview with Chin-il Chang, Choi claimed to have been adopted by

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While having a similar name, this organization is not to be confused with the U.S. based World Hapkido Federation founded by Kwang Sik Myung (광시숭).

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for 30 years. This system was later combined by Choi's disciples with kicking and striking techniques of indigenous and contemporary arts such as

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Hapkido employs both long-range and close-range fighting techniques, utilizing jumping kicks and percussive hand strikes at longer ranges, and

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learned martial arts in Japan in September 1928 with Daito-ryu Jujitsu and received his certificate in 1935 from Yutaka, a student of Sodaku.

863:(최용술) (1904–1986) and his most prominent students; Chinil Chang, his personally chosen successor, Seo Bok-Seob, the first student of the art; 1439:

the truth and gravity inherent in the interview. These endless distortions were generally rebutted in various media each time they appeared.

2945:). Another initial weapon used to teach both control and the basic precepts of utilizing a weapon with Hapkido techniques is the Jung Bong ( 4880: 1960:

since 1977, Kim was the master of several Hapkido World Champions, such as Norberto Serrano Jr., Rafael Tercarolli and Leandro Heck Gemeo.

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Choi's first student and the first person known to have opened up a dojang under Choi was Seo Bok-seob (서복섭, also spelled Suh Bok-sup).

2532:

Kim Sang-cook states that while many of the original yu kwon sool students were exposed to many different contemporary Korean arts the

859:

The birth of modern hapkido can be traced to the efforts of a group of Korean nationals in the post-Japanese colonial period of Korea:

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As a teacher of hapkido, Ji incorporated traditional Korean kicking techniques (from Taoist Lee and the art Sam Rang Do Tek Gi) and

1187: 1099: 581: 529: 134: 1818:. Han gained critical acclaim for staging and performing some of the most realistic martial arts fight sequences in a film. Before 1450:

Doju Chang died peacefully in his sleep on February 23, 2018, at the age of 77 as a result of hypertensive cardiovascular disease.

1344:(명재남) and Chang Young-shil (장영실) who is the current president of the International Hapkido Federation. Ji can be seen in the films 3383: 5816: 5799: 5794: 5645: 4838: 3143:

Hapkido is predominantly a "soft" art, but this does not mean that it is easier on the opponent, or that training is easier (see

4331: 1832:, he received a co-starring part where he spoke about and demonstrated the art, mentioning the art by name for the first time. 5383: 4188: 2732: 1302:, the Sung Moo Kwan (성무관), he also supposedly studied from a man known as 'Taoist Lee' and an old woman he knew as 'Grandma'. 1225: 910: 841: 698: 322: 5779: 4393: 4326: 3131: 3097: 3058: 3020: 2970: 2936: 2536:

was of particular importance in the transition from the original jujutsu based form to what we know today as modern hapkido.

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Choi Yong-sool's first student, and the man whom some claim helped him develop the art of hapkido was Seo Bok-seob, a Korean

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exists a portion of the hapkido curriculum which consists of techniques specifically designed to thwart judo style attacks.

1822:, movies contained at most brief references to martial arts, with fights portrayed by actors who had little training. With 5789: 5774: 4347: 3556:

Wollmershauser, Mike (1996). Eric Hentz (ed.). "The Beginning of Hapkido; An Interview with Hapkido Master Seo Bok-Seob".

3269: 1805: 1714: 1706: 6185: 6180: 5022: 4410: 3144: 2023:, and different hapkido schools emphasize different techniques. However, some core techniques are found in each school ( 1996: 2663:

After these kicks are mastered using one foot, the student moves on to jumping versions, alternating the kicking legs.

5853: 5784: 1764: 115: 1695: 1515: 1150: 1062: 228: 1736: 87: 4753: 3909: 2921:), he or she learns how to employ and defend against various weapons. The first weapon encountered is most often a 2539:

Most forms of hapkido include a series of double kicks used to promote balance, coordination and muscular control.

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are introduced in hapkido training. Many hapkido organisations may also include other weapons training such as a

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under the banner of Yun Bee Kwan (윤비관). Later, his students began opening branch schools throughout the greater

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As a hapkido student advances through the various belt levels (essentially the same as other Korean arts, e.g.

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Later Myung Jae-nam broke away from all the other organizations and started to focus on promoting a new style,

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Choi Yong-sool (최용술)'s training in martial arts is a subject of contention. It is known that Choi was sent to

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and was also a top student and pioneer of Taekwondo in Korea. Choi, Han-young Choi, was the first student of

6154: 5873: 5726: 5305: 4953: 4895: 4848: 4785: 3393: 2946: 1828: 1812:. After a spectacular demonstration, Laughlin approached Han about being involved in a movie project called 2198:(both pure and joint manipulating throws) and pinning techniques. Some styles also incorporate tactics for 1605: 1313:

end and with the support of the Head of the Security Forces, Park Jong-kyu, Ji founded the very successful

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On another subject, it is true that a Korean named "Choi" who founded hapkido studied aikido or Daito-ryu?

3828:

Restall, Barry (November 2006). "Young Sul Kwan: History of the Korean Hapkido Hapkiyusul Headquarters".

2453:(권태만) initially studied under Ji Han-jae before immigrating to southern California in the United States. 1750: 460: 189: 101: 5807: 5215: 4885: 4868: 4863: 4790: 4746: 4153: 3934: 3743: 2521:(명광식), Jeong Kee-tae (정기태), Lim Hyun-soo (임현수), and many others trained in tang soo do and kong soo do, 1999:" scale of martial arts, hapkido stands somewhere in the middle, employing "soft" techniques similar to 1038:

respectively (though some argue that their training stems from time spent training under Kim Moo-hong).

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in the pre-1946 period. Currently, though, the second character is preferably written in Japanese using

309: 193: 5503: 5685: 5523: 5455: 5000: 4995: 4890: 4853: 4833: 4825: 4780: 4590: 4459: 4244: 3711: 2712: 2207: 2015:. Even the "hard" techniques, though, emphasize circular rather than linear movements. Hapkido is an 879:

the historian and ambassador, all of whom were direct students of Choi or of his immediate students.

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literally means air, gas or breath but is used to mean spirit or so-called 'internal energy'; and

238: 5915: 5845: 5592: 5440: 4858: 961: 5665: 1721: 1281: 1941:, and received the black belt from Choi in 1957. That same year, he received the black belt in 5706: 5200: 5012: 5005: 3986: 2879: 2817: 2695:(막고 치기), which progress to more complex techniques as the student becomes familiar with them. 2381: 2321: 2195: 1258:

In 1948, when Seo Bok-sub was still in his early 20s, he had already earned his black belt in

1238: 1234: 1210: 926: 893: 690: 635: 1222: 6175: 4146: 3935:"World Hapkido Federation(s) | MartialTalk.Com – Friendly Martial Arts Forum Community" 2719: 2703: 2449:

Other influences also were exerted on the kicking techniques of important hapkido teachers.

2172:, the water principle, is analogous to the concept of a "moving target" wherein the saying, 2160: 1122: 950: 934: 922: 549: 543: 494: 2842:

Judo techniques were introduced in the early years of the 20th century in Korea during the

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Chang, who continued to research and document the full history and development of hapkido.

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Hapkido Grandmaster Ji Han-Jae Reveals the Truth; The Beauty and the Benefits of Hapkido

2874: 646:, and other striking attacks. It also teaches the use of traditional weapons, including 6075: 5766: 5710: 5650: 5607: 5577: 5310: 5205: 5045: 4985: 4973: 4928: 4923: 4697: 4449: 4377: 4260: 4224: 4219: 3397: 2996: 2984: 2906: 2503: 2484: 2325: 2147: 1938: 1882: 1346: 1306: 1291: 957: 888: 860: 702: 686: 667: 663: 643: 387: 214: 39: 4125: 1309:

techniques into the system and gave the resulting synthesis the name hapkido in 1957.

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and Shūdōkan karate based systems which predated and influenced the forming of first

2491: 1893:. Until his death in 1999 he was the leader of the International Hapkido Federation. 1757: 1476: 1352: 1341: 1329: 918: 872: 293: 288: 263: 253: 108: 2776:). The first self-defense technique typically taught in many hapkido schools is the 6011: 5721: 5675: 5597: 5555: 5518: 5470: 5417: 5325: 5265: 5165: 5102: 5092: 5035: 4769: 4717: 4646: 4641: 4585: 4567: 4517: 4372: 4285: 4275: 4265: 4027: 3615: 2851: 2454: 2450: 2443: 1934: 1826:, Han introduced authentic hapkido techniques to Western audiences. In its sequel, 1809: 1671: 1484: 1459: 1337: 1250: 1200: 1031: 868: 710: 682:(Japanese), which vary in emphasis depending on the particular tradition examined. 623: 382: 248: 3734:"Birth of Hapkido: Founder Choi Yong-sul Reveals the Truth About the Art's Origin" 1849:

and influencers Kim Moo-hong (김무홍) and Won Kwang-wha (원광화) from 1957 until 1986.

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On July 4, 1969, Han Bong-soo was giving a demonstration of hapkido at a park in

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Many of hapkido's joint control techniques are said to be derived largely from

2247:). As terminology varies between schools, some refer to defensive maneuvers as 1112: 5863: 5617: 5545: 5475: 5445: 5430: 5401: 5389: 5355: 5285: 5180: 5160: 4990: 4712: 4547: 4316: 4270: 4214: 3338: 2821: 2526: 2439: 2191: 1814: 1294:

that hapkido became popularized, first within Korea and then internationally.

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WHFSC Grandmaster's Council: a compendium of the world's leading Grandmasters

2159:

entity" rather than as a physical entity. The bigger the person is, the more

1007: 17: 6118: 6113: 6103: 6063: 6058: 5993: 5988: 5948: 5943: 5886: 5868: 5670: 5582: 5550: 5508: 5498: 5460: 5335: 5300: 5290: 5190: 5149: 5127: 4980: 4918: 4707: 4542: 4512: 4441: 4300: 2918: 2867: 2855: 2847: 2757: 2708: 2499: 2203: 2008: 1946: 1570:

on October 24, 1974. In 1976, Choi retired and closed his studio and joined

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sized stick), techniques and defenses against the 35 cm short stick (

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Inside Crescent Kick/Outside Crescent Kick (or Heeldown/Axe-Kick for both)

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Grandmaster Lim Chae-kwan is the founder of Jin Mu Kwan. The Jin Mu Kwan (

1483:), Na In-dong (나인동), Shin Dong-ki (신동기) and Seo In-hyuk (서인혁; who founded 5612: 5540: 5488: 5260: 5170: 5117: 5079: 5067: 4943: 4727: 4722: 4702: 4600: 4575: 4537: 4502: 4479: 4367: 3465: 3034: 2894: 2740: 2668: 2522: 2511: 2507: 2459: 2398:

one of the most distinctive being the low spinning (sweeping) heel kick.

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Grand Master Ji Han-jae (left) and Hapkido founder Choi Yong-sul (right).

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Walker, Byron, Reflections of a Master: Philosophies of Hapkido Stylist

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In 1984, after being released from prison for fraud, Ji moved first to

372: 177: 4402: 3958: 3487: 797: 768: 765: 762: 451: 6098: 6083: 6053: 6038: 6006: 5983: 5968: 5938: 5923: 5896: 5602: 5378: 5330: 5280: 5255: 4687: 4682: 4352: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 2826: 2736: 2487: 2334: 2320:) which are also used in traditional Asian medical practices such as 2156: 2029:), and all techniques should follow the three principles of hapkido: 2004: 1957: 1364: 929:

name Yoshida Asao. He claims to have been taken to Takeda's home and

836: 780: 758: 414: 4102:(Vol. 1–5). World Hapkido Federation, Los Angeles, California, 2000. 3904: 3902: 3652: 3650: 2890: 2862: 2812: 793: 3450:

A Study on Athletiction to Establish the identity of Korean Hapkido

2510:. He, like Kim Moo-hong, also trained briefly in the Korean art of 960:, then of Aiki News and now editor of the Aikidojournal.com, asked 475: 5731: 5483: 5275: 5250: 4677: 4656: 4595: 4532: 4198: 3121: 3106:), sparring, meditation and exercises to develop internal energy ( 3087: 3048: 3030: 3010: 2992: 2960: 2922: 2811: 2795: 2474: 2416: 2349: 2311: 2266: 2228: 2151: 2110: 2077: 2044: 2025: 1930: 1870: 1858: 1854: 1845: 1465: 1299: 1280: 1199: 1111: 906: 902: 892: 772: 729: 717: 706: 679: 671: 651: 647: 474: 430: 26: 2174:"In regards to a stream, you can't step on the same water twice," 1933:

in 1943. He is the founder of Bum Moo Kwan Hapkido. He began his

1241:, Jaeshin Cho his Nephew and Gregory Jump His first Top-student. 6093: 6048: 5973: 5933: 5185: 5145: 5087: 5030: 4958: 2988: 2883: 2836: 2394: 2359: 1259: 1003: 930: 737: 655: 639: 337: 5752: 4813: 4742: 4738: 4406: 4142: 2494:(윤병인), whose students were influential in the later forming of 2155:

The hapkido practitioner must learn to view an attacker as an "

1980:: "school or training hall") is a traditional art of hapkido. 1720:

from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially

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Grand Master Han-young Choi in his first gym in El Paso (1980)

1133: 1045: 567: 512: 44: 3524:"Interview with Kisshomaru Ueshiba: The Early Days of Aikido" 1627:

Doju Choi Yong-sool & GM Lim Hyun-soo at the JUNGKIKWAN 2

949:

Retouched photograph of the master of Daito Ryu Aiki-jujutsu

555: 2846:. Judo/Yudo tactics employ extensive use of throws, various 5370: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3454:(Thesis). Korea Sunmoon University General Graduate School. 2780:. This technique is thought to be derived from Daitō-ryū's 1587:

Doju Choi Yong-sool & GM Lim Hyun-soo at the JUNGKIKWAN

1471:

Kim went on to found his Shin Moo Kwan dojang (신무관) in the

844:, and that they share the same Chinese characters, despite 819: 573: 521: 4138: 4095:. World Hapkido Federation, Los Angeles, California, 1993. 4088:. World Hapkido Federation, Los Angeles, California, 1976. 2804:)", cutting into the elbow joint, in the Hapkido manner. 875:, a connector between the art of hapkido and aikido; and 503: 465: 38:

This article is about the martial art. For the film, see

666:(ji pang ee), short stick (dan bong), and middle-length 3779:"The late Choi Bok-yoel as second successor of Hapkido" 3622:, Kim Jong-Seong, Jeong Kee-Tae, Spear, Robert K., etc. 2756:

Hapkido is well known for its use of a wide variety of

2358:), the Korean equivalent of what is commonly known as " 867:(born 1936), one of the earliest promoters of the art; 1869:

Kim Jung-soo is currently teaching from his dojang in

4081:. Andrew Jackson Press, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 2008. 4074:. Andrew Jackson Press, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1994. 4067:. Andrew Jackson Press, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1991. 3708:"Posthumously Released Interview with Choi Yong-sool" 3208:

Advanced Attacking Techniques / Taking the Initiative

1356:

in which he takes part in a long fight scene against

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Jong bae, Rim; Sheya, Joe; Burke, Mike (June 1999).

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If that's the case the art must have been Daito-ryu.

925:

when he was 11 years old and to have been given the

570: 558: 518: 506: 6072: 6027: 5957: 5912: 5842: 5763: 5694: 5626: 5564: 5469: 5411: 5369: 5241: 5126: 5078: 5021: 4904: 4824: 4670: 4627: 4609: 4566: 4488: 4440: 4340: 4309: 4253: 4207: 4176: 4051:, November 2005. Tri-Mount Publications, Iowa 2005. 3601:. Vol.1, No.1. Feb. 1992. Article by James Dolmage 2438:Two of the earliest innovators in this regard were 2251:(술기; loosely translated as "technique-ing"), while 561: 552: 515: 500: 459: 445: 429: 413: 351: 315: 305: 221: 209: 199: 169: 161: 75:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3447: 2285:; meaning "self-defense") is preferred by others. 1263:at the distillery where he had prepared a dojang. 3477: 3475: 2596:Side Kick (or Inside Heeldown Kick and Side Kick) 981:. It seems that he studied the art together with 3506: 3504: 3314:. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Andrew Jackson Press. 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 2897:(Ssahng Jol Gohn; 쌍절곤), one of hapkido weapons. 966: 800:, thus reducing the number of strokes by four. 3953: 3951: 3614:According to published works by Seo Bok-Seob, 1844:Kim Jung-soo (김정수) was born and raised in the 812:means "coordinated", "joining", or "harmony"; 4754: 4418: 4154: 4043:Hentz, Eric (editor). Article by Dick Morgan 3804:"Kim Yung-sang as third successor of Hapkido" 3335:"[박정진의 무맥] (24) 일본에서 다시 돌아온 화랑무예 합기도" 845: 824: 813: 804: 8: 3357: 3355: 3185:Attacking Techniques / Taking the Initiative 3125: 3115: 3091: 3081: 3052: 3042: 3014: 3004: 2964: 2954: 2930: 2799: 2789: 2727:is an example of a very effective elbowlock. 2478: 2468: 2420: 2410: 2353: 2343: 2315: 2305: 2270: 2260: 2232: 2222: 2114: 2104: 2081: 2071: 2048: 2038: 2007:as well as "hard" techniques reminiscent of 1902:President of The World Hapkido Association. 1025: 1015: 752: 436: 420: 147: 4093:Hapkido: Special Self-Protection Techniques 3511:Hapkido's Connection to Daito Ryu confirmed 2764:, and even "catch as catch can" wrestling. 1533:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1168:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1080:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 213:No single creator; collaborative effort of 5760: 5749: 4821: 4810: 4761: 4747: 4739: 4425: 4411: 4403: 4161: 4147: 4139: 1713:about living persons that is unsourced or 2362:" (or "forms") in Japanese martial arts. 1784:Learn how and when to remove this message 1553:Learn how and when to remove this message 1213:Grand Master Han-young Choi learned also 1188:Learn how and when to remove this message 1100:Learn how and when to remove this message 135:Learn how and when to remove this message 4045:Interview With Grandmaster Kim Sang-cook 3643:. New York City: Unpublished manuscript. 2889: 2873: 2861: 2718: 2702: 2380: 2369: 1937:training in 1954 under the direction of 985:and would refer to him as his "senior". 944: 4032:Martial Arts and Combat Sports Magazine 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3285: 3214:Defense From A Sitting Or Lying Posture 1632: 1592: 1383: 1116:Grand Patriarch Dr. Chang In-mok (1960) 4086:Korean Hapkido: Ancient Art of Masters 3677:Giordano, Vincent (February 1, 2013). 1378:Chang Chinil Hapkido 2nd Doju Ceremony 405: 165:Hapkido, Hap Ki Do, Hapki-Do 146: 610: 7: 3696:. New York City: Personal interview. 3681:. New York City: Personal interview. 3661:. New York City: Personal interview. 3605:CFW Enterprises. Burbank, USA. 1991. 3363:"[허인욱의 무인이야기]장보고와 정년 그리고 송징" 2560:Back Kick ("Turning back-side Kick") 1531:adding citations to reliable sources 1166:adding citations to reliable sources 1078:adding citations to reliable sources 897:Master Choi Yong-sool (c. 1954) 855:History and major figures from Korea 757:in the native Korean writing system 73:adding citations to reliable sources 2529:and later modern taekwondo styles. 1956:Residing, teaching and training in 3692:Giordano, Vincent (May 12, 2006). 3657:Giordano, Vincent (May 12, 2006). 3641:Hidden Masters of the Martial Arts 3242:Defense Against Multiple Attackers 2629:Inside Heel Hooking-the-Thigh kick 1030:) who went on to form the arts of 964:about Choi Yong-sool and hapkido: 909:with techniques characteristic of 676:gun (analogous to the Japanese jō) 25: 5681:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program 4007:"LEANDRO HECK GEMEO | BIOCONEXÃO" 3912:. Hapkimudo.co.kr. Archived from 3757:Giordano, Vincent (August 1999). 3679:Interview with Doju Chin-il Chang 3659:Interview with Doju Chin-il Chang 3250:Techniques Using Opponent's Force 2213:The Korean term for technique is 840:respective founders' practice of 6149: 6139: 5646:Historical European martial arts 4124: 4112: 3937:. MartialTalk.Com. 29 April 2015 3845:"Hapkido Founder Choi Passes On" 3806:. Hapkiyusul.com. Archived from 3781:. Hapkiyusul.com. Archived from 3710:. Mynextbelt.com. Archived from 3694:Interview with Doju Chinil Chang 1680: 1653: 1644: 1635: 1613: 1604: 1595: 1503: 1475:section of Seoul, also in 1961. 1407: 1398: 1393:Photos courtesy of cchapkido.com 1386: 1138: 1050: 548: 493: 153: 49: 6150: 3884:. Koti.mbnet.fi. Archived from 3870:. Active Interest Media: 26–31. 3486:. Rim's Hapkido. Archived from 2735:. They are taught similarly to 2543:An example of a double kick set 2033:Harmony or blending principle ( 905:as a young boy and returned to 229:Chinil Chang 10th Dan/Inheritor 60:needs additional citations for 4327:International H.K.D Federation 3862:Young, Robert (January 1994). 3522:Pranin, Stanley (April 1988). 3196:Advanced Clothing Grab Defense 3126: 3116: 3092: 3082: 3053: 3043: 3015: 3005: 2965: 2955: 2931: 2866:Hapkido practitioners perform 2800: 2790: 2479: 2469: 2421: 2411: 2354: 2344: 2316: 2306: 2271: 2261: 2233: 2223: 2115: 2105: 2082: 2072: 2049: 2039: 1929:Kim Yun-sik (김윤식) was born in 1026: 1016: 792:, which replaces the original 437: 421: 1: 4129:The dictionary definition of 3270:Aiki (martial arts principle) 2699:Joint manipulation techniques 1806:Pacific Palisades, California 775:. This is similar to how the 4079:History of Korea and Hapkido 3843:Chang, Chinil (April 1987). 3767:. Active Interest Media: 43. 3145:Hard and soft (martial arts) 2099:Flowing or water principle ( 1691:biography of a living person 1217:under Grandmaster Hwang Kee 1209:and jumping. The founder of 796:with the modern, simplified 4332:Jaenam Musul Won Foundation 3193:Advanced Wrist Grab Defense 3136: 3102: 3063: 3025: 2975: 2941: 2431: 2281: 2243: 2125: 2092: 2059: 1718:must be removed immediately 466: 452: 6202: 3639:Giordano, Vincent (2003). 2882:techniques in common with 2816:Hapkido students practice 2514:under Lee Bok-yong (이복용). 1922: 1915:hapkido styles practiced. 1669: 1457: 1419:A direct student of Choi, 1274: 1248: 913:, a forerunner of aikido. 886: 705:(최용술) when he returned to 689:strikes, joint locks, and 37: 6135: 5759: 5748: 4820: 4809: 4776: 4391: 4009:(in Brazilian Portuguese) 3759:"Hapkido History Heresy?" 3482:Sheya, Joseph K. (1982). 3256:Knife Throwing Techniques 2987:(ji-pang-ee; 지팡이), and a 2854:, joint locks, and other 2713:pain compliance technique 2517:Many other teachers like 2502:styles, specifically the 1315:Korea Hapkido Association 846: 825: 814: 805: 753: 697:The art was adapted from 408: 152: 4322:Korea Hapkido Federation 3979:Frank, Bram (May 2013). 3578:"태권도조선 – 태권도 전문 온라인 미디어" 2844:Japanese colonial period 803:In hanja, the character 5878:Former official sports 5306:Northern Praying Mantis 4881:Mainland Southeast Asia 3394:Oxford University Press 3310:Kimm, He-young (1991). 2638:High Spinning Heel Kick 1829:The Trial of Billy Jack 5717:Professional wrestling 5384:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu 4652:Sib Pal Gi Association 4189:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu 3580:. Taekwondo.chosun.com 3446:Jin, Sung Woo (2009). 3389:OxfordDictionaries.com 3246:5th Degree Black Belt 3232:4th Degree Black Belt 3225:Short Stick Techniques 3222:Joint locking Counters 3218:3rd Degree Black Belt 3199:Advanced Punch Defense 3189:2nd Degree Black Belt 3164:Clothing Seize Defense 3154:1st Degree Black Belt 2898: 2887: 2871: 2831: 2778:knife-hand elbow press 2733:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu 2728: 2716: 2650:Outside Footblade Kick 2641:Low Spinning Heel Kick 2602:Outside Heel-down Kick 2584:Inverted Low Side Kick 2390: 2375: 2294:use of pressure points 1808:. In the audience was 1705:Please help by adding 1286: 1205: 1117: 996: 954: 911:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu 898: 842:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu 699:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu 479: 366:Huek Choo Kwan Hapkido 323:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu 35:Martial art from Korea 32: 5813:Demonstration sports 3882:"Hapkido Family Tree" 3864:"Jujutsu vs. Hapkido" 3744:Active Interest Media 3202:Advanced Kick Defense 2893: 2877: 2865: 2815: 2722: 2706: 2656:Outside Heeldown Kick 2647:Inside Footblade Kick 2384: 2374:A bidirectional kick. 2373: 1972:: "authentic, true"; 1317:(대한 합기도 협회) in 1965. 1284: 1203: 1115: 948: 896: 871:, a major innovator; 728:; as well as various 478: 310:Japanese martial arts 217:'s earliest students. 194:Internal Martial Arts 30: 6073:Martial arts at the 6028:Martial arts at the 5958:Martial arts at the 5913:Martial arts at the 5893:Invitational sports 5843:Martial arts at the 5764:Martial arts at the 5686:Pencak Silat Harimau 5524:Pencak Silat Harimau 5456:Submission wrestling 5161:Luta Livre esportiva 4591:Korean swordsmanship 4460:Hapki Kochido Musool 4245:Hapki Kochido Musool 4121:at Wikimedia Commons 2575:Front Heel/Hook Kick 2393:The wide variety of 2208:submission grappling 1711:Contentious material 1527:improve this section 1162:improve this section 1074:improve this section 1020:) and Lee Joo-bang ( 701:as it was taught by 612:[hap̚.ki.do] 447:Revised Romanization 343:Chinese martial arts 222:Famous practitioners 69:improve this article 6186:Korean martial arts 6181:Hybrid martial arts 5754:International games 5436:Full contact karate 5426:Professional boxing 5141:Brazilian jiu-jitsu 4693:Kwan (martial arts) 4629:Hybrid martial arts 4581:Korean fighting fan 4434:Korean martial arts 4184:Korean martial arts 3868:Black Belt Magazine 3849:Black Belt Magazine 3764:Black Belt Magazine 3739:Black Belt Magazine 3161:Wrist Seize Defense 3031:middle length staff 2878:Hapkido holds many 2808:Throwing techniques 2296:known in Korean as 2196:throwing techniques 1445:Black Belt Magazine 1226:Dae Dong Ryu Yu Sul 1042:Chang (Jang) In-mok 662:(ssang juhl bong), 190:Traditional Weapons 149: 5916:Pan American Games 5593:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu 5504:Jieitaikakutōjutsu 5441:Mixed martial arts 4098:Myung, Kwang-sik. 4091:Myung, Kwang-sik. 4084:Myung, Kwang-sik. 3400:on January 9, 2017 3341:. 16 February 2010 3259:Revival Techniques 2899: 2888: 2872: 2832: 2822:joint manipulation 2729: 2717: 2391: 2376: 2066:Circle principle ( 2021:hybrid martial art 1853:his own dojang in 1689:This section of a 1287: 1223:Dr. Chang In-mok's 1215:Taekwondo Mudokwan 1211:Chun Ki Do Hapkido 1206: 1121:Masuta Yutaka and 1118: 962:Kisshomaru Ueshiba 955: 899: 835:Although Japanese 784:was written using 622:. It is a form of 480: 33: 6163: 6162: 6131: 6130: 6127: 6126: 5744: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5707:Martial arts film 4736: 4735: 4400: 4399: 4117:Media related to 4034:. September 2001. 3830:Tae Kwon Do Times 3312:The Hapkido Bible 3173:Combination Kicks 2322:acupuncture point 1945:from Grandmaster 1794: 1793: 1786: 1768: 1694:needs additional 1563: 1562: 1555: 1198: 1197: 1190: 1110: 1109: 1102: 473: 472: 461:McCune–Reischauer 404: 403: 397:Kwan Nyom Hapkido 200:Country of origin 145: 144: 137: 119: 16:(Redirected from 6193: 6153: 6152: 6143: 5761: 5750: 4822: 4811: 4763: 4756: 4749: 4740: 4427: 4420: 4413: 4404: 4163: 4156: 4149: 4140: 4128: 4116: 4100:Hapkido Textbook 4052: 4041: 4035: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4014: 4003: 3997: 3996: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3966: 3955: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3942: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3921: 3916:on April 4, 2015 3906: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3893: 3878: 3872: 3871: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3816: 3815: 3810:on June 28, 2017 3800: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3790: 3785:on June 28, 2017 3775: 3769: 3768: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3719: 3704: 3698: 3697: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3674: 3663: 3662: 3654: 3645: 3644: 3636: 3623: 3612: 3606: 3599:Inside Taekwondo 3597:Corcoran, John. 3595: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3585: 3574: 3568: 3567: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3543: 3534:. 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Archived from 3380: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3370: 3359: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3346: 3331: 3316: 3315: 3307: 3239:Sword Techniques 3228:Staff Techniques 3139: 3129: 3128: 3119: 3118: 3105: 3095: 3094: 3085: 3084: 3066: 3056: 3055: 3046: 3045: 3028: 3018: 3017: 3008: 3007: 2978: 2968: 2967: 2958: 2957: 2944: 2934: 2933: 2803: 2802: 2793: 2792: 2611:Ankle Scoop Kick 2482: 2481: 2472: 2471: 2434: 2424: 2423: 2414: 2413: 2387:flying side kick 2357: 2356: 2347: 2346: 2319: 2318: 2309: 2308: 2284: 2274: 2273: 2264: 2263: 2246: 2236: 2235: 2226: 2225: 2128: 2118: 2117: 2108: 2107: 2095: 2085: 2084: 2075: 2074: 2062: 2052: 2051: 2042: 2041: 1789: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1769: 1767: 1726: 1707:reliable sources 1684: 1683: 1676: 1657: 1648: 1639: 1617: 1608: 1599: 1558: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1538: 1507: 1499: 1411: 1402: 1390: 1328:and then to the 1193: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1173: 1142: 1134: 1105: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1085: 1054: 1046: 1029: 1028: 1019: 1018: 849: 848: 828: 827: 817: 816: 808: 807: 756: 755: 614: 586: 580: 579: 576: 575: 572: 569: 566: 563: 560: 557: 554: 547: 537: 533: 528: 527: 524: 523: 520: 517: 514: 511: 508: 505: 502: 499: 492: 469: 455: 440: 439: 424: 423: 406: 157: 150: 140: 133: 129: 126: 120: 118: 77: 53: 45: 21: 6201: 6200: 6196: 6195: 6194: 6192: 6191: 6190: 6166: 6165: 6164: 6159: 6123: 6074: 6068: 6029: 6023: 5959: 5953: 5914: 5908: 5844: 5838: 5767:Summer Olympics 5765: 5755: 5736: 5690: 5622: 5560: 5474: 5465: 5416: 5407: 5365: 5361:Yoshukai Karate 5321:Shaolin kung fu 5237: 5122: 5098:Practice weapon 5074: 5017: 4907: 4900: 4826:Regional origin 4816: 4805: 4772: 4767: 4737: 4732: 4666: 4623: 4605: 4562: 4490:Strike (attack) 4484: 4470:Sin Moo Hapkido 4436: 4431: 4401: 4396: 4387: 4336: 4305: 4281:Myung Kwang-sik 4249: 4240:Sin Moo Hapkido 4203: 4172: 4167: 4109: 4077:Kim, He-young. 4070:Kim, He-young. 4063:Kim, He-young. 4060: 4058:Further reading 4055: 4049:Taekwondo Times 4042: 4038: 4025: 4021: 4012: 4010: 4005: 4004: 4000: 3993: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3964: 3962: 3959:"Yun-sik Kim –" 3957: 3956: 3949: 3940: 3938: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3919: 3917: 3910:"사단법인 세계합기도총연맹" 3908: 3907: 3900: 3891: 3889: 3880: 3879: 3875: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3827: 3826: 3822: 3813: 3811: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3788: 3786: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3756: 3755: 3751: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3717: 3715: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3676: 3675: 3666: 3656: 3655: 3648: 3638: 3637: 3626: 3620:Myung Kwang-Sik 3613: 3609: 3596: 3592: 3583: 3581: 3576: 3575: 3571: 3559:Taekwondo Times 3555: 3554: 3550: 3541: 3539: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3509: 3502: 3493: 3491: 3481: 3480: 3473: 3466:"Choi Yong-sul" 3464: 3463: 3459: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3425:Merriam-Webster 3418: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3368: 3366: 3361: 3360: 3353: 3344: 3342: 3333: 3332: 3319: 3309: 3308: 3287: 3283: 3266: 3253:Rope Techniques 3236:Cane Techniques 3073: 2995:(gum; 검), long 2915: 2810: 2707:A hyperflexing 2701: 2677: 2659:Roundhouse Kick 2605:Roundhouse Kick 2578:Roundhouse Kick 2569:Roundhouse Kick 2519:Myung Kwang-sik 2378: 2368: 2326:pressure points 2200:ground fighting 2183: 1993: 1966: 1927: 1921: 1912: 1899: 1879: 1873:, South Korea. 1842: 1790: 1779: 1773: 1770: 1727: 1725: 1704: 1685: 1681: 1674: 1668: 1663: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1649: 1640: 1629: 1628: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1609: 1600: 1589: 1588: 1559: 1548: 1542: 1539: 1524: 1508: 1497: 1462: 1456: 1417: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1403: 1394: 1391: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1334:Sin Moo Hapkido 1279: 1273: 1253: 1247: 1194: 1183: 1177: 1174: 1159: 1143: 1132: 1106: 1095: 1089: 1086: 1071: 1055: 1044: 891: 885: 877:Myung Kwang-sik 857: 761:is rendered as 746: 734:ground fighting 732:techniques and 590:, also spelled 584: 551: 542: 541: 535: 531: 496: 487: 486: 441: 425: 400: 363:Jung Ki Hapkido 359:Sin Moo Hapkido 352:Descendant arts 347: 301: 299: 244:Myung Kwang-sik 141: 130: 124: 121: 78: 76: 66: 54: 43: 36: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6199: 6197: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6168: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6157: 6147: 6136: 6133: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6080: 6078: 6076:European Games 6070: 6069: 6067: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6035: 6033: 6025: 6024: 6022: 6021: 6020: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5965: 5963: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5920: 5918: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5906: 5905: 5904: 5899: 5891: 5890: 5889: 5884: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5850: 5848: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5822:Pistol dueling 5819: 5811: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5771: 5769: 5757: 5756: 5753: 5746: 5745: 5742: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5704: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5651:Huiyen Lallong 5648: 5643: 5638: 5632: 5630: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5608:Shorinji Kempo 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5578:American Kenpo 5574: 5572: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5527: 5526: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5480: 5478: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5422: 5420: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5405: 5398: 5393: 5386: 5381: 5375: 5373: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5311:Russian boxing 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5247: 5245: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5235: 5234: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5143: 5138: 5132: 5130: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5084: 5082: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5072: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5058:Ranged weapons 5055: 5054: 5053: 5048: 5046:Stick-fighting 5043: 5041:Knife fighting 5033: 5027: 5025: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5009: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4978: 4977: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4948: 4947: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4912: 4910: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4872: 4871: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4830: 4828: 4818: 4817: 4815:Classification 4814: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4781:List of styles 4777: 4774: 4773: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4758: 4751: 4743: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4698:Muyedobotongji 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4674: 4672: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4633: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4621: 4615: 4613: 4607: 4606: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4572: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4494: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4450:GongKwon Yusul 4446: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4432: 4430: 4429: 4422: 4415: 4407: 4398: 4397: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4385: 4380: 4378:Pressure point 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4344: 4342: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4313: 4311: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4261:Choi Yong-sool 4257: 4255: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4225:GongKwon Yusul 4222: 4220:Combat Hapkido 4217: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4173: 4168: 4166: 4165: 4158: 4151: 4143: 4137: 4136: 4122: 4108: 4107:External links 4105: 4104: 4103: 4096: 4089: 4082: 4075: 4068: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4053: 4036: 4019: 3998: 3991: 3971: 3961:. Cbhkd.com.br 3947: 3926: 3898: 3873: 3854: 3835: 3820: 3795: 3770: 3749: 3724: 3699: 3684: 3664: 3646: 3624: 3607: 3590: 3569: 3548: 3514: 3500: 3471: 3457: 3438: 3411: 3375: 3351: 3317: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3278: 3277: 3272: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3244: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3230: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3187: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3072: 3069: 2914: 2911: 2907:GongKwon Yusul 2809: 2806: 2770: 2769: 2754: 2753: 2700: 2697: 2676: 2673: 2661: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2648: 2645: 2639: 2636: 2630: 2627: 2621: 2618: 2612: 2609: 2603: 2600: 2594: 2591: 2587:High Side Kick 2585: 2582: 2576: 2573: 2567: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2504:Chang Moo Kwan 2457:studied under 2367: 2364: 2292:Hapkido makes 2210:engagements.) 2182: 2179: 2131: 2130: 2097: 2064: 1992: 1989: 1965: 1962: 1939:Choi Yong-sool 1923:Main article: 1920: 1917: 1911: 1910:Kim Myung-Yong 1908: 1898: 1895: 1883:Park Jeong-hee 1878: 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349: 348: 346: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 319: 317: 313: 312: 307: 303: 302: 297: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 274:Chan-sung Jung 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 225: 223: 219: 218: 215:Choi Yong-sool 211: 207: 206: 201: 197: 196: 171: 167: 166: 163: 159: 158: 143: 142: 57: 55: 48: 40:Hapkido (film) 34: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6198: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6156: 6148: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6137: 6134: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6079: 6077: 6071: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6031:African Games 6026: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5956: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5911: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5879: 5877: 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5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5418:combat sports 5414: 5410: 5404: 5403: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5391: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5368: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5346:Tien Shan Pai 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5271:Choi Kwang-Do 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5240: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5151: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5125: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5108:Pushing hands 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5077: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5059: 5056: 5052: 5051:Swordsmanship 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5038: 5037: 5036:Melee weapons 5034: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5020: 5014: 5011: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4983: 4982: 4979: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4903: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4870: 4867: 4866: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4812: 4808: 4802: 4801:Hard and soft 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4775: 4771: 4764: 4759: 4757: 4752: 4750: 4745: 4744: 4741: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4669: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4626: 4620: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4611:Ranged weapon 4608: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4565: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4498:Choi Kwang-Do 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4487: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4428: 4423: 4421: 4416: 4414: 4409: 4408: 4405: 4395: 4394:Practitioners 4390: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310:Organizations 4308: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4296:Kim Yoon-sang 4294: 4292: 4291:Myung Jae-nam 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4164: 4159: 4157: 4152: 4150: 4145: 4144: 4141: 4135:at Wiktionary 4134: 4133: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4115: 4111: 4110: 4106: 4101: 4097: 4094: 4090: 4087: 4083: 4080: 4076: 4073: 4069: 4066: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4050: 4046: 4040: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4023: 4020: 4008: 4002: 3999: 3994: 3992:9781300575672 3988: 3984: 3983: 3975: 3972: 3960: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3936: 3930: 3927: 3915: 3911: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3888:on 2015-09-24 3887: 3883: 3877: 3874: 3869: 3865: 3858: 3855: 3850: 3846: 3839: 3836: 3831: 3824: 3821: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3796: 3784: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3766: 3765: 3760: 3753: 3750: 3745: 3741: 3740: 3735: 3728: 3725: 3714:on 2015-02-18 3713: 3709: 3703: 3700: 3695: 3688: 3685: 3680: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3660: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3642: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3579: 3573: 3570: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3552: 3549: 3538:on 2006-07-04 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3507: 3505: 3501: 3490:on 2007-04-03 3489: 3485: 3478: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3461: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3442: 3439: 3427: 3426: 3421: 3415: 3412: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3390: 3385: 3379: 3376: 3364: 3358: 3356: 3352: 3340: 3336: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3313: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3286: 3280: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3248: 3247: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3233: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3219: 3213: 3211:Special Kicks 3210: 3207: 3205:Choke Defense 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3191: 3190: 3184: 3182:Knife Defense 3181: 3179:Throw Defense 3178: 3176:Jumping Kicks 3175: 3172: 3169: 3167:Punch Defense 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3148: 3146: 3141: 3138: 3133: 3123: 3113: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3089: 3079: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3060: 3050: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3012: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2981:walking stick 2977: 2972: 2962: 2952: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2903: 2896: 2892: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2869: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2840: 2838: 2829: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2807: 2805: 2797: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2767: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2751: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2726: 2723:The straight 2721: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2689: 2685: 2683: 2682:baek hwa hyul 2674: 2672: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2541: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2534:Chung Do Kwan 2530: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2492:Yoon Byung-in 2489: 2486: 2476: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2433: 2428: 2418: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2396: 2388: 2383: 2379: 2372: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2351: 2341: 2337: 2336: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2313: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2286: 2283: 2278: 2268: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2230: 2220: 2216: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2137: 2136: 2127: 2122: 2112: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2079: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2046: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2030: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1981: 1979: 1976:: "martial"; 1975: 1971: 1964:Lim Chae-kwan 1963: 1961: 1959: 1954: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1926: 1918: 1916: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1897:Lee Chong-min 1896: 1894: 1892: 1886: 1884: 1877:Myung Jae-nam 1876: 1874: 1872: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1798: 1788: 1785: 1777: 1774:December 2014 1766: 1763: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1735: – 1734: 1730: 1729:Find sources: 1723: 1719: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1678: 1677: 1673: 1665: 1656: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1583: 1580: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1557: 1554: 1546: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1512:This section 1510: 1506: 1501: 1500: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1477:Won Kwang-hwa 1474: 1469: 1467: 1461: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1422: 1421:Chin-il Chang 1410: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1389: 1384: 1372:Chang Chin-il 1371: 1369: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1353:Game of Death 1349: 1348: 1343: 1342:Myung Jae-nam 1339: 1335: 1331: 1330:United States 1327: 1322: 1318: 1316: 1310: 1308: 1303: 1301: 1295: 1293: 1283: 1278: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1261: 1256: 1252: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1202: 1192: 1189: 1181: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1152: 1147:This section 1145: 1141: 1136: 1135: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1123:Takeda Sokaku 1114: 1104: 1101: 1093: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1059:This section 1057: 1053: 1048: 1047: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1023: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1000: 995: 991: 990: 986: 984: 980: 976: 971: 970: 965: 963: 959: 952: 951:Takeda Sōkaku 947: 943: 939: 936: 932: 928: 924: 923:Takeda Sōkaku 920: 919:United States 914: 912: 908: 904: 895: 890: 882: 880: 878: 874: 873:Myung Jae-nam 870: 866: 862: 854: 852: 843: 838: 833: 831: 822: 821: 811: 801: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 782: 778: 774: 770: 767: 764: 760: 750: 743: 741: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 716: 713:after having 712: 708: 704: 700: 695: 692: 688: 683: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 626:that employs 625: 621: 618: 613: 609: 605: 601: 600: 595: 594: 589: 588: 578: 545: 539: 538: 526: 490: 484: 477: 468: 464: 462: 458: 454: 450: 448: 444: 434: 432: 428: 418: 416: 412: 407: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 368: 365: 362: 360: 357: 356: 354: 350: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 320: 318: 316:Ancestor arts 314: 311: 308: 304: 300: 295: 294:Byun Baekhyun 292: 290: 289:Wesley Snipes 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 264:Kim Yoon-sang 262: 260: 257: 255: 254:Myung Jae-nam 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 226: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 205: 202: 198: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 172: 168: 164: 162:Also known as 160: 156: 151: 139: 136: 128: 117: 114: 110: 107: 103: 100: 96: 93: 89: 86: – 85: 81: 80:Find sources: 74: 70: 64: 63: 58:This article 56: 52: 47: 46: 41: 29: 19: 18:Myung Jae Nam 6012:Pencak silat 5722:Stage combat 5676:Mardani khel 5598:Jeet Kune Do 5556:Silat Melayu 5519:Pencak silat 5493: 5471:Self-defense 5413:Full contact 5400: 5388: 5326:Shoot boxing 5266:Chess boxing 5166:Malla-yuddha 5103:Punching bag 5093:Boxing glove 4950:Leg strikes 4929:Elbow strike 4915:Arm strikes 4770:Martial arts 4718:Song Deok-gi 4647:Kyeok Sul Do 4642:Kuk Sool Won 4586:Korean sword 4568:Melee weapon 4518:Moo Duk Kwan 4454: 4373:Kuk Sool Won 4286:Han Bong-soo 4276:Kim Moo-hong 4266:Seo Bok-seob 4169: 4131: 4099: 4092: 4085: 4078: 4071: 4064: 4048: 4044: 4039: 4031: 4028:Han Bong-soo 4022: 4011:. 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Retrieved 3311: 3245: 3231: 3217: 3188: 3170:Kick Defense 3158:Single Kicks 3153: 3149: 3142: 3107: 3074: 3064:ssangjeolgon 2947:police baton 2916: 2904: 2900: 2841: 2835:common with 2833: 2825: 2781: 2777: 2771: 2755: 2746: 2730: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2678: 2675:Hand strikes 2665: 2662: 2651: 2642: 2633: 2624: 2615: 2606: 2597: 2588: 2579: 2570: 2561: 2552: 2538: 2531: 2516: 2458: 2455:Han Bong-soo 2451:Kwon Tae-man 2448: 2444:Kim Moo-hong 2437: 2403:yu kwon sool 2402: 2400: 2392: 2377: 2333: 2330: 2297: 2291: 2287: 2252: 2248: 2214: 2212: 2184: 2173: 2168: 2167: 2166: 2142: 2141: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2132: 2024: 1994: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1967: 1955: 1951: 1935:martial arts 1928: 1913: 1904: 1900: 1887: 1880: 1868: 1864: 1851: 1843: 1840:Kim Jung-soo 1834: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1813: 1810:Tom Laughlin 1803: 1799: 1795: 1780: 1771: 1761: 1754: 1747: 1740: 1728: 1717: 1700:verification 1693: 1672:Han Bong-soo 1666:Han Bong-soo 1578: 1576: 1571: 1567: 1564: 1549: 1543:January 2024 1540: 1525:Please help 1513: 1495:Lim Hyun-soo 1489: 1485:Kuk Sool Won 1470: 1463: 1460:Kim Moo-hong 1454:Kim Moo-hong 1449: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1362: 1351: 1347:Lady Kung-fu 1345: 1338:Kwon Tae-man 1323: 1319: 1311: 1304: 1296: 1288: 1265: 1257: 1254: 1251:Seo Bok-seob 1245:Seo Bok-seob 1231: 1207: 1184: 1178:January 2024 1175: 1160:Please help 1148: 1119: 1096: 1090:January 2024 1087: 1072:Please help 1060: 1032:Kuk Sool Won 1001: 997: 992: 988: 987: 972: 968: 967: 956: 940: 915: 900: 869:Kim Moo-hong 858: 834: 829: 818: 809: 802: 779: 748: 747: 711:World War II 696: 684: 638:techniques, 624:self-defense 607: 598: 597: 592: 591: 482: 481: 298: 249:Han Bong-soo 239:Kim Seon Woo 131: 125:January 2012 122: 112: 105: 98: 91: 79: 67:Please help 62:verification 59: 5961:Asian Games 5846:World Games 5808:Greco-Roman 5628:Battlefield 5588:Chun Kuk Do 5531:Suffrajitsu 5341:Tang Soo Do 5216:Greco-Roman 4969:Knee strike 4886:Philippines 4637:Hwa Rang Do 4558:Yun Mu Kwan 4553:Tang Soo Do 4528:Soo Bahk Do 4508:Kong Soo Do 4465:Hapki yusul 4383:Acupressure 4363:Kong Soo Do 4358:Tang Soo Do 4235:Hapki yusul 3134:: 3124:: 3114:: 3100:: 3090:: 3080:: 3061:: 3051:: 3041:: 3023:: 3013:: 3003:: 2973:: 2963:: 2953:: 2939:: 2929:: 2870:techniques. 2798:: 2788:: 2693:makko chigi 2496:Kong Soo Do 2477:: 2467:: 2429:: 2419:: 2409:: 2352:: 2342:: 2314:: 2304:: 2279:: 2269:: 2259:: 2241:: 2231:: 2221:: 2192:joint locks 2190:, standing 2123:: 2113:: 2103:: 2090:: 2080:: 2070:: 2057:: 2047:: 2037:: 2013:tang soo do 1943:Tang Soo Do 1925:Kim Yun-sik 1919:Kim Yun-sik 1481:Hwa Rang Do 1036:Hwa Rang Do 1034:and modern 1024:: 1014:: 1008:Suh In-hyuk 726:Tang Soo Do 628:joint locks 620:martial art 393:Hapki yusul 383:Kuk Sul Won 378:Hwa Rang Do 333:Tang Soo Do 269:Jackie Chan 204:South Korea 182:Joint Locks 6170:Categories 6003:2018 Only 5864:Kickboxing 5618:Qwan Ki Do 5546:To-Shin Do 5476:combatives 5446:Pankration 5431:Kickboxing 5402:Xingyiquan 5390:Baguazhang 5356:Wudangquan 5286:Kickboxing 5181:Shuai jiao 4991:Joint lock 4908:techniques 4713:Sesok-ogye 4548:Tae Soo Do 4317:Hapkidowon 4271:Ji Han-jae 4254:Innovators 4215:Hapkidowon 4072:Hapkido II 4013:2019-09-12 3965:2015-10-28 3941:2015-10-28 3920:2015-10-28 3892:2015-10-28 3814:2015-10-28 3789:2015-10-28 3746:: 130–139. 3718:2015-10-28 3584:2015-10-28 3542:2006-12-03 3494:2007-03-17 3369:2015-10-28 3345:2015-10-28 3339:Segye Ilbo 3281:References 2852:hold downs 2768:Elbowlocks 2758:wristlocks 2752:Wristlocks 2711:used as a 2632:Front Kick 2623:Front Kick 2620:Cover Kick 2566:Front Kick 2557:Front Kick 2548:Front Kick 2527:tae soo do 2440:Ji Han-jae 2253:hoshinsool 2181:Techniques 1991:Principles 1871:Taegu City 1824:Billy Jack 1820:Billy Jack 1815:Billy Jack 1744:newspapers 1579:jungkigwan 1577:Lim based 1572:jungkigwan 1568:jungkigwan 1277:Ji Han-jae 1271:Ji Han-jae 865:Ji Han-jae 694:strength. 306:Parenthood 284:Sammo Hung 279:Angela Mao 234:Ji Han-jae 95:newspapers 6119:Wrestling 6114:Taekwondo 6064:Wrestling 6059:Taekwondo 5994:Wrestling 5989:Taekwondo 5949:Wrestling 5944:Taekwondo 5887:Taekwondo 5869:Muay Thai 5804:freestyle 5800:Wrestling 5795:Taekwondo 5671:Krav Maga 5583:Angampora 5551:Wing Chun 5509:Krav Maga 5499:Kajukenbo 5461:Vale Tudo 5336:Taekwondo 5301:Muay Thai 5291:Kun Khmer 5221:Mongolian 5211:freestyle 5191:Wrestling 5150:Para judo 5128:Grappling 4981:Grappling 4919:Chokehold 4849:Indonesia 4708:Muyesinbo 4543:Taekwondo 4513:Kyokushin 4442:Grappling 4301:Oh Se-lim 3528:Aiki News 3431:8 January 3420:"hapkido" 3404:8 January 3384:"hapkido" 2919:taekwondo 2868:grappling 2856:grappling 2782:ippondori 2709:wristlock 2614:Side Kick 2551:Side Kick 2500:Taekwondo 2432:yugwonsul 2204:wrestling 2009:taekwondo 1997:hard-soft 1947:Hwang Kee 1733:"Hapkido" 1696:citations 1514:does not 1358:Bruce Lee 1321:합기도 협회). 1149:does not 1061:does not 983:my father 790:shinjitai 632:grappling 593:hap ki do 328:Taekkyeon 259:Oh Se-lim 186:Grappling 84:"Hapkido" 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