400:"Literature is a vitally necessary function of the modern state." What is most needed at present in English thought is to put "critical literature" on a sound footing, and Wells proposes the organization of "a large Guild of literary men and women," as well as "university lectureships and readerships in contemporary criticism." As for literature, Wells argues that "it is only by the payment of authors, and if necessary their endowment in a spacious manner, and in particular by the entire separation of the rewards of writing from the accidents of the book market, that the function of literature can be adequately discharged in the modern state." This should be awarded not by a single body but according to the principle of "Many Channels," and inclusively rather than exclusively: if many "shams" are subsidized, "it scarcely matters." Further, in order to "protect the author from the pressure of immediate necessities," copyright should rest inalienably in his hands, any countervailing arrangement being limited to term of seven years, unless the author void copyright altogether as a "present to the world." Wells suggests the endowment of "a thousand or so authors," and offers, a detailed plan of how this could be done, as "an efficient starting-point" that will doubtless be developed in many directions, a process he calls the "innervation of society."
371:
others proceed to "Secondary
Education, or College." Here, he stresses the importance of "good general text-books in each principal subject" developed by universities as the basis of instruction, rather than a professor's lectures. Students must be engaged in "discussion, reproduction, and dispute" of the facts and ideas of their subject—a "substantial mental training" for a specialty being more important than cultivation of a "general culture." He contemplates four possible courses for the student: "The Classical, the Historical, the Biological, and the Physical." In the third stage of education, "the University Course," lasting "for three or four years after eighteen or twenty-one," in such subjects as medicine, law, engineering, philosophy and theology, physical science, etc. Wells also insists on the importance of ensuring that "serious books" be available in public libraries, with guides to reading in various subjects.
320:
is being superseded in France, Germany, Great
Britain, and the United States. Wells emphasizes the tendency to introduce into the curriculum elements "irrelevant to schooling proper"; these are justifiable only if they serve "to widen the range of intercourse." Wells proposes an apparently modest but really quite ambitious curriculum. It demands a thorough overhaul of how English composition is taught, and, except for physics and some rudiments of the concepts of chemistry, regards most instruction in facts of science, history, etc., as superfluous; these are relegated to the school library and the initiative of the student. Wells also emphasizes the importance of giving children enough time for free
358:"e are all too careless of the quality of the stuff that reaches the eyes and ears of our children." Wells endorses censorship: "I am on the side of the Puritans here, unhesitatingly." Wells proposes that a category of "adult" art, literature, and science be recognized, and that "a high minimum price" be set for it, since few children can spend much. Alternately, an age limit could be set; Wells proposes eighteen. "hat is here proposed is not so much the suppression of information as of a certain manner of presenting information, and our intention is at most to delay, and to give the wholesome aspect first." "or the rest, in this matter—
27:
224:"), as well as such supposed negative traits as criminality and alcoholism, are in fact such complex entanglements of characteristics that "ignorance and doubt bar our way." Transmission of specific diseases may be an exception. Research in this area is in urgent need of support. At the level of individual action, however, New Republicans are to "use our judgments to the utmost to do each what seems to him probably right." Laws that "foster and protect the cowardly and the mean" or "guard stupidity" should be altered.
342:(1901), that "in a sense, the British system, the pyramid of King, land-owning and land-ruling aristocracy, yeoman and trading middle-class and labourers, is dead—it died in the nineteenth century under wheels of mechanism." But an extended comparison shows that American conditions do not offer a desirable alternative. As a "crude suggestion," Wells ponders the possibility of election of public officials by
409:
literature and a common scientific and, in its higher stages at least, a common educational organization." Many "pioneers and experimenters" are already working to fulfill this vision. "n a few years" this "will have become a great world movement," though only "the young" (under thirty) will see "the
Promised Land." Only "a few thousands" of devoted New Republicans are needed to realize this vision.
283:
to save the future of the world." Wells advocates promoting throughout the world "one accent, one idiom, and one intonation" of
English. Better materials for the teaching of language need to be developed by an "English Language Society" made up of "affluent and vigorous people." Wells also makes practical pedagogical suggestions, like advocating paraphrasing to teach writing.
233:
well-affected girl or woman" who is in good health; (ii) warmth; (iii) shelter; (iv) cleanliness; (v) bright lights; (vi) good food; (vii) intelligent and articulate caretaking; (viii) access to skilled medical care. Wells doubts whether more than a quarter of the children born in
England grow up in such conditions. He cites statistics from
192:, has such a view become "definite and pervading," "alter the perspective of every human affair" and enabling a criterion of judgment based on "wholesome and hopeful births." No existing political party is based on such a view. New Republicanism, then, exists "to get better births and a better result from the births we get."
282:
and of nurses speaking foreign tongues. Wells notes that "only a very small minority of
English or American people have more than half mastered" English, and expostulates on the unnecessary impoverishment of English speech that is maintained as a social norm. "Saving" English is necessary "if we wish
428:
Wells rejects communistic socialism and proclaims himself a "moderate socialist" whose goal is "equality of opportunity and freedom for complete individual development." His argument against "private owners" and in favor of "public officials" is based on the principle of efficiency. And this is his
266:
Wells views a child at birth as "at first no more than an animal," but during the first year "a mind, a will, a personality, the beginning of all that is real and spiritual in man" "creeps in" in the course of a "process" that is "unanalyzable." What the child needs for development is "a succession
257:
set to allow for a life that is "wholesome, healthy. . . by the standards of comfort at the time." Industries incapable of sustaining such a wage are only "a disease and a parasite upon the public body." People unemployable at this minimum wage are "people of the Abyss" who will thus be
319:
Class instruction and learning to read and write constitute the initial stage of schooling; they mark "a stage in the civilizing process." "When tribes coalesce into nations, schools appear." Counting, and a second "culture tongue" as a key to a higher culture, are also general, though the latter
187:
Renouncing any claim to an "absolute truth" on the ethical, social, and political questions addressed in this volume, Wells says his views are "designed first for those who are predisposed for their reception." He proposes as a "general principle" a doctrine he dubs "New
Republicanism," based on a
310:
In Great
Britain there are three main traditions: "the aristocratic, the middle, and the labour class." But "new necessities" are remoulding them. — Schools should cultivate the habit of industry, but moral, religious, aesthetic, and philosophical instruction they are ill-equipped to give, much
354:
Adolescence and the awakening of sexual interest signify that "the race, the species, is claiming the individual" and indeed is "the source of all our power in life." Apart from the affirmation of the importance of motherhood and the necessity of taboos, Wells admits: "I have no System—I wish I
252:
Rejecting an approach to the problem via philanthropic homes because these encourage "inferior people" to have children and in any case "do not work," Wells argues that public policy ought to "discourage reckless parentage" but not lighten at all the burden of parental responsibility. He proposes
370:
At the age of fifteen, after "nine or ten years of increasingly serious
Schooling (Primary Education)," Wells would have inferior students shunted into "employment suited to their capacity, employment which should not carry with it any considerable possibility of prolific marriage," and have the
232:
As for the upbringing of children, any notion of "Nature's trustworthiness" is rejected out of hand: "The very existence and nature of man is an interference with Nature and Nature's ways." A child needs (i) "exclusively to itself" the "constant loving attention" of "a mother or ... some
137:
analyzes the "process" of "man's making," i.e. "the great complex of circumstances which mould the vague possibilities of the average child into the reality of the citizen of the modern state." Taking an aggressive tone in criticizing many aspects of contemporary institutions, Wells proposed a
408:
Wells's vision of "New
Republicanism" culminates in "the rough outline of an ideal new state, a New Republic, a great confederation of English-speaking republican communities, each with its non-hereditary aristocracy, scattered about the world, speaking a common language, possessing a common
346:. As for honors, Wells proposes the development of a "generally non-hereditary functional nobility." The new methods could later be extended to the control of property, for " 'We are all Socialists nowadays,' " in addition to the further development of taxing property transfers.
253:
that the state determine standards for the care of children, and when parents are unable to meet the standards they should be "charged with the cost of a suitable maintenance." This will discourage "inferior people" from reproducing. Also conducive to this end is a
429:
reason for condemning existing "local government bodies" as "impossibly small," because "a revolution in the methods of locomotion" has fundamentally altered the economy. Administrators need to adjust to "a larger community of a new type," as Wells explained in
286:
Wells gives practical suggestions for the teaching of shapes and numbers; he is a great advocate of wooden blocks. He sketches the state of a child's imaginative world "at or about the fifth year," when "formal education. . . ought to begin."
295:
A key factor in human development is the home, understood broadly as the circle of people with whom the child is in "constant, close contact." The impression of home life on the child is nearly indelible, and derives principally from
527:
he describes the book as "my style at its worst and my matter at its thinnest, and quoting it makes me feel very sympathetic with those critics who, to put it mildly, restrain their admiration for me." It was praised, though, by
355:
had," no "doctrine of sexual conduct." Not rules, but wisdom for oneself and patience for others are needed. One of the functions of literature is to record "experiments in the science of this central field of human action."
174:
Wells proposes to "provide the first tentatives of a political doctrine that shall be equally available for application in the British Empire and the United States." He notes an "especial indebtedness to my friend, Mr.
212:, that the state should try to breed human beings selectively: "we are, as a matter of fact, not a bit clear what points to breed for and what points to breed out." He argues that such supposed positive traits as
379:
Upon thought depends the hope of achieving civilization, for society is now hobbled by having become "a heterogeneous confusion without any secure common grounds of action." Thought requires
332:
As for politics and society, New Republicanism takes the position that any institution that does not "mould men into fine and vigorous forms" must "be destroyed." Such an institution is the
475:, especially the first few chapters. Their collaboration on the book occasioned on September 19, 1902, one of Wells's longest and most revealing letters. Shortly after the publication of
1555:
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of interesting things," and poor children are "least at a disadvantage" during this phase. The "almost constant presence of the mother" is ideal, and is, indeed, the reason for
311:
less the impetus to Great Britain's much needed renewal of "national energy," for the average man derives his "moral code" chiefly from his "school-fellows," not from school.
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in 1901 led to a demand for a sequel, which Wells wrote while his wife was pregnant with his second child, Frank Richard, born on October 31, 1903.
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258:"swept out of rookeries and hiding-places." In this dispensation, "hey would exist, but they would not multiply—and that is our supreme end."
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1982:
1977:
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Wells was disappointed that most reviewers took the book as categorical and predictive rather than as tentative and exploratory.
517:
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Wells and Wallas hiked for two weeks in Switzerland; their exchanges greatly influenced Wells's next venture in social thought,
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doctrine he called "New Republicanism," which "tests all things by their effect upon the evolution of man."
306:"the influx of new systems of thought, of feeling, and of interpretation about the general issues of life."
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view of life as "a tissue and succession of births." Only in the 19th century, with the idea of organic
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statistics suggesting "a holocaust of children" is occurring in industrial areas like
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a sense that "for some reason—not necessarily a worldly one—the thing 'worth while.
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Because of "an absolute want of knowledge" in the domain of the "missing science of
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271:'s "practical sanction." Simple toys that can be variously manipulated are best.
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The volume consists of eleven "papers" that were first published in the British
37:
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832:(New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1986), pp. 145 & 528n.24).
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A copy of this edition can be found in the Bibliothèque nationale de France.
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189:
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413:
Appendix: A Paper on Administrative Areas Read before the Fabian Society
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336:, a "stupendous sham." Wells argues, referring to Ch. 3 of his earlier
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thought it showed Wells to be "so strangely conservative at bottom."
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435:. In southern England this should embrace "the whole valley of the
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in 1906 in a cheaper edition, and again in 1914, on the eve of
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845:(New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1986), p. 146).
819:(New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1986), p. 99).
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called the book sloppy in thought and turgid in expression.
556:; many of them, however, found it excessively optimistic.
147:
from September 1902 to September 1903 and in the American
1556:
Travels of a Republican Radical in Search of Hot Water
204:," Wells rejects the notion, advanced by followers of
291:
Chapter 5: The Man-Making Forces of the Modern State
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228:Chapter 3: Certain Wholesale Aspects of Man-Making
503:weaker than his other books on modern socialism,
274:"With speech humanity begins." Wells, following
262:Chapter 4: The Beginning of the Mind and Language
389:"a certain minimum of training and preparation"
366:Chapter 9: The Organization of Higher Education
1479:Mr. Belloc Objects to "The Outline of History"
1035:The Food of the Gods and How It Came to Earth
915:
350:Chapter 8: The Cultivation of the Imagination
8:
386:a "language ... ready for ... use"
19:
843:H.G. Wells: Desperately Mortal: A Biography
830:H.G. Wells: Desperately Mortal: A Biography
817:H.G. Wells: Desperately Mortal: A Biography
485:. Later, Wallas would also help Wells with
196:Chapter 2: The Problem of the Birth Supply
1609:The Country of the Blind and Other Stories
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908:
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383:"a sympathetic and intelligent atmosphere"
328:Chapter 7: Political and Social Influences
25:
18:
1577:The Work, Wealth and Happiness of Mankind
488:The Work, Wealth and Happiness of Mankind
1802:The Queer Story of Brownlow's Newspaper
1630:The Stolen Bacillus and Other Incidents
861:(New York: Simon and Schuster), p. 180.
803:(New York: Simon and Schuster), p. 179.
575:
375:Chapter 10: Thought in the Modern State
153:, and an appendix. It was reprinted by
853:
851:
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451:," i.e. all of southeastern England.
241:demonstrating class differences, and
7:
447:, and the east coast counties up to
1623:Select Conversations with an Uncle
1251:Mr. Blettsworthy on Rampole Island
14:
1542:The Story of a Great Schoolmaster
439:and its tributaries" as well as "
1402:An Englishman Looks at the World
872:H.G. Wells: Another Kind of Life
1891:The Man Who Could Work Miracles
1774:The Man Who Could Work Miracles
404:Chapter 11: The Man's Own Share
1203:The Secret Places of the Heart
1:
1616:The Plattner Story and Others
1472:Mind at the End of Its Tether
1235:The World of William Clissold
857:Norman and Jeanne Mackenzie,
799:Norman and Jeanne Mackenzie,
1929:Simon Wells (great-grandson)
1535:A Short History of the World
1171:Mr. Britling Sees It Through
1131:The Wife of Sir Isaac Harman
1837:A Story of the Days to Come
1409:Experiment in Autobiography
1395:The Discovery of the Future
1275:The Shape of Things to Come
1259:The Autocracy of Mr. Parham
971:The Island of Doctor Moreau
874:(Peter Owen, 2010), p. 158.
524:Experiment in Autobiography
183:Chapter 1: The New Republic
1999:
1644:Twelve Stories and a Dream
1570:The Way the World Is Going
1339:Babes in the Darkling Wood
1227:Christina Alberta's Father
220:(Wells does not refer to "
1851:Triumphs of a Taxidermist
1019:The First Men in the Moon
937:
403:
24:
1978:Chapman & Hall books
1858:The Truth About Pyecraft
1844:A Story of the Stone Age
1760:Mr. Ledbetter's Vacation
1697:The Country of the Blind
1669:The Argonauts of the Air
1381:Certain Personal Matters
1355:You Can't Be Too Careful
1163:The Research Magnificent
1059:In the Days of the Comet
1983:Political science books
1767:The Lord of the Dynamos
1637:Tales of Space and Time
1091:The History of Mr Polly
859:H.G. Wells: A Biography
801:H.G. Wells: A Biography
68:Charles Scribner's Sons
16:1903 work by H.G. Wells
1968:1903 non-fiction books
1739:The Empire of the Ants
1514:The Outline of History
1444:God the Invisible King
1307:The Camford Visitation
1267:The Bulpington of Blup
1123:The Passionate Friends
1003:When the Sleeper Wakes
303:"economic necessities"
20:Mankind in the Making
1924:Joseph Wells (father)
1732:A Dream of Armageddon
1683:The Chronic Argonauts
1591:A Year of Prophesying
1521:Russia in the Shadows
1465:Mankind in the Making
1437:The Future in America
1423:First and Last Things
1347:All Aboard for Ararat
995:The War of the Worlds
889:Mankind in the Making
788:Mankind in the Making
775:Mankind in the Making
762:Mankind in the Making
749:Mankind in the Making
736:Mankind in the Making
723:Mankind in the Making
710:Mankind in the Making
697:Mankind in the Making
684:Mankind in the Making
671:Mankind in the Making
658:Mankind in the Making
645:Mankind in the Making
632:Mankind in the Making
619:Mankind in the Making
597:Mankind in the Making
584:Mankind in the Making
501:Mankind in the Making
477:Mankind in the Making
473:Mankind in the Making
315:Chapter 6: Schooling
135:Mankind in the Making
120:Mankind in the Making
106:Mankind in the Making
1973:Works by H. G. Wells
1865:A Vision of Judgment
1725:The Door in the Wall
1549:This Misery of Boots
1179:The Soul of a Bishop
1011:Love and Mr Lewisham
979:The Wheels of Chance
216:, health, capacity,
1934:H. G. Wells Society
1781:The New Accelerator
1711:A Deal in Ostriches
1528:The Science of Life
1507:The Open Conspiracy
1493:The New World Order
1107:The New Machiavelli
963:The Wonderful Visit
870:Michael Sherborne,
471:greatly influenced
21:
1919:Anthony West (son)
1795:The Plattner Story
1753:The Land Ironclads
1676:The Beautiful Suit
1563:War and the Future
1500:New Worlds for Old
1451:In the Fourth Year
1315:Apropos of Dolores
1283:The Croquet Player
1139:The World Set Free
1099:The Sleeper Awakes
1067:The War in the Air
552:(Vernon Lee), and
518:New Worlds for Old
239:System of Medicine
144:Fortnightly Review
64:Chapman & Hall
1955:
1954:
1788:The Pearl of Love
1718:The Diamond Maker
987:The Invisible Man
894:Project Gutenberg
499:Wells considered
360:leave them alone.
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85:Publication place
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1195:The Undying Fire
955:The Time Machine
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243:infant mortality
235:Clifford Allbutt
155:Chapman and Hall
76:Publication date
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1816:The Sea Raiders
1704:The Crystal Egg
1662:Æpyornis Island
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1051:A Modern Utopia
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127:'s sequel to
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66:(U.K.) &
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36:
32:
28:
23:
1943:
1939:Lunar crater
1889:
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1809:The Red Room
1746:In the Abyss
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786:H.G. Wells,
782:
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773:H.G. Wells,
769:
764:, Ch. 8, §2.
761:
760:H.G. Wells,
756:
751:, Ch. 8, §1.
748:
747:H.G. Wells,
743:
735:
734:H.G. Wells,
730:
722:
721:H.G. Wells,
717:
712:, Ch. 4, §3.
709:
708:H.G. Wells,
704:
699:, Ch. 4, §2.
696:
695:H.G. Wells,
691:
686:, Ch. 4, §1.
683:
682:H.G. Wells,
678:
673:, Ch. 3, §2.
670:
669:H.G. Wells,
665:
660:, Ch. 3, §1.
657:
656:H.G. Wells,
652:
644:
643:H.G. Wells,
639:
631:
630:H.G. Wells,
626:
618:
617:H.G. Wells,
613:
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595:H.G. Wells,
591:
583:
582:H.G. Wells,
578:
566:
550:Violet Paget
522:
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255:minimum wage
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222:intelligence
199:
186:
173:
150:Cosmopolitan
148:
142:
140:
134:
128:
119:
118:
117:
104:
1948:(1979 film)
1914:G. P. Wells
1875:Screenplays
1601:Collections
1584:World Brain
1458:Little Wars
1430:Floor Games
1388:Crux Ansata
1075:Tono-Bungay
931:H. G. Wells
621:, Preface .
530:Henry James
455:Composition
159:World War I
38:H. G. Wells
1962:Categories
1366:Nonfiction
571:References
247:Lancashire
210:Max Nordau
125:H.G. Wells
123:(1903) is
111:Wikisource
1243:Meanwhile
1219:The Dream
790:, Ch. 10.
521:: in his
495:Reception
300:tradition
280:baby talk
190:evolution
60:Publisher
55:Sociology
1823:The Star
1690:The Cone
1291:Brynhild
1115:Marriage
777:, Ch. 9.
738:, Ch. 6.
725:, Ch. 5.
647:, Ch. 2.
634:, Ch. 1.
599:, Ch. 7.
586:, Ch. 5.
491:(1932).
449:the Wash
269:monogamy
202:heredity
165:Synopsis
133:(1901).
96:ix + 429
44:Language
1902:Related
276:Froebel
170:Preface
47:English
1894:(1937)
1886:(1936)
1358:(1941)
1350:(1940)
1342:(1940)
1334:(1939)
1326:(1938)
1318:(1938)
1310:(1937)
1302:(1937)
1294:(1937)
1286:(1936)
1278:(1933)
1270:(1932)
1262:(1930)
1254:(1928)
1246:(1927)
1238:(1926)
1230:(1925)
1222:(1924)
1214:(1923)
1206:(1922)
1198:(1919)
1190:(1918)
1182:(1917)
1174:(1916)
1166:(1915)
1158:(1915)
1150:(1915)
1147:Bealby
1142:(1914)
1134:(1914)
1126:(1913)
1118:(1912)
1110:(1911)
1102:(1910)
1094:(1910)
1086:(1909)
1078:(1909)
1070:(1908)
1062:(1906)
1054:(1905)
1046:(1905)
1038:(1904)
1030:(1902)
1022:(1901)
1014:(1900)
1006:(1899)
998:(1898)
990:(1897)
982:(1896)
974:(1896)
966:(1895)
958:(1895)
947:Novels
515:, and
445:Surrey
441:Sussex
437:Thames
417:": -->
344:juries
218:genius
214:beauty
70:(U.S.)
34:Author
1043:Kipps
208:like
93:Pages
52:Genre
1155:Boon
443:and
419:edit
322:play
101:Text
892:at
237:'s
179:."
109:at
1964::
850:^
808:^
548:,
544:,
540:,
536:,
532:,
509:,
362:"
249:.
161:.
88:UK
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1667:"
1664:"
1660:"
923:e
916:t
909:v
423:]
396:"
394:'
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