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A related concept is that of Zahavi, who also noticed that people seem to have a constant "travel time budget", that is, "a stable daily amount of time that people make available for travel." David Metz, former chief scientist at the
Department of Transport, UK, cites data of average travel time in
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Mr. Bertrand
Russell has noted that each improvement in locomotion has increased the area over which people are compelled to move: so that a person who would have had to spend half an hour to walk to work a century ago must still spend half an hour to reach his destination, because the contrivance
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may change, and although some live in villages and others in cities, people gradually adjust their lives to their conditions (including location of their homes relative to their workplace) such that the average travel time stays approximately constant. Ever since
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has argued that the World Bank and other international aid agencies evaluate transportation investment proposals in developing and rapidly motorizing cities less on the basis of potential travel-time savings and more on the accessibility benefits they confer.
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times, people have kept the average time spent per day for travel the same, even though the distance may increase due to the advancements in the means of transportation. In his 1934 book
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that would have enabled him to save time had he remained in his original situation now—by driving him to a more distant residential area—effectually cancels out the gain.
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Britain drawn from the
British National Travel Survey in support of Marchetti's and Zahavi's conclusions. The work casts doubt on the contention that investment in
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saves travel time. Instead, it appears from Metz's figures that people invest travel time saved in travelling a longer distance, a particular example of
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Commissioned Papers for the 4th
International Future Urban Transport Conference of the Volvo Research and Educational Foundations
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Crozet, Yves (19–21 April 2009). "Economic
Development and the Role of Travel time: The key concept of accessibility".
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each day. Its value is approximately one hour, or half an hour for a one-way trip. It is named after
Italian physicist
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Going beyond travel-time savings: an expanded framework for evaluating urban transport projects
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Meyer, Perrin S.; Marchetti, Cesare; Ausubel, Jesse H. (May 1998).
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