17:
652:
1057:
1766:
954:
1778:
493:
943:
235:
found, taken bodily from such poetry, and employed as praises of the
Blessed Virgin. With regard to their form, it is certain that those who first composed the Marian litanies aimed at imitating the litanies of the Saints which had been in use in the Church since the 8th century. The basic principle of the Marian litanies is the constant repetition of the invocation, "
312:" once at the head of each page. But, because of its archaic form, this litany must be considerably anterior to 1524, and may have been copied from some 15th-century manuscript. The praises are chosen in part from previous litanies, and in part they are original. The arrangement is better and more varied. The first place is given to praises bestowed on the name of "
388:", though it appears in no text before this time, is, as remarked above, an easy variant of the litany of 1524. It is probable that the Loreto text became customary in the Holy House towards the close of the 15th century, at a time when in other places similar litanies were being adapted for public use to obtain deliverance from some calamity.
241:" And in order that this repetition might not prove monotonous in the Middle Ages recourse was had to an expedient since then universally used, not only in private devotions but even in liturgical prayer, that of amplifying by means of what are called tropes. It was an easy matter to improvise between the "
234:
With regard to their content, which consists mainly of praises of the
Blessed Virgin, it would seem to have been taken not so much from the Scriptures and the Church Fathers, at least directly, as from popular medieval Latin poetry. In the earlier and longer litanies whole rhythmic strophes are to be
125:
Once the custom grew up of reciting Marian litanies privately, and of gradually shortening the text, it was not long until the idea occurred of employing them for public devotion, especially in cases of epidemic, as had been the practice of the Church with the litanies of the Saints, which were sung
129:
The earliest certain mention of a public recital of Marian
Litanies is actually related to a time of pestilence, particularly in the 15th century. At Venice, in fact, these same litanies were finally adopted for liturgical use in processions for plague and mortality and asking for rain or for fair
79:
The first Marian litanies must have been composed to foster private devotion, as it is not at all probable that they were written for use in public, by reason of their drawn-out and heavy style. Lengthy and involved litanies of this type do not seem to have won popularity, though it is possible to
318:"; then come those expressing the Blessed Virgin's tender love for mankind; then the titles given her in the creeds; then those beginning with "Regina", which are identical with those we now have in the Litany of Loreto. Two new titles are introduced: "
137:, dating from the end of the 13th or the beginning of the 14th century. It is found, though with occasional variants, in many manuscripts. It omits the petitions, and consists of seventy-five praises joined to the usual invocation, "
306:" is repeated, but only at intervals of six or seven praises, perhaps because the shape or size of the parchment was so small that it held only six or seven lines to the page, and the copyist contented himself with writing the "
49:) and Aitaesis (intercessory prayer for peace, pardon and protection). Marian litanies are numerous in the Eastern church and may cover a multitude of themes, some dogmatic, others of moral and patriotic character.
300:". The connecting link between the older litanies and this new group may have been a litany found in a manuscript of prayers, copied in 1524 by Fra Giovanni da Falerona. It consists of fifty-seven praises, and the "
130:
weather. Probably they began to be sung in this connection during the calamities of the 15th century; but in the following century they are prescribed, as being an ancient custom, in the ceremonials of St. Mark's.
396:
In the
Eastern Church litanies are always a part of the official liturgy, and they have at least three different forms: Synaptae (Collect), Ektenie ("intense" prayer of intercession and pardon based in part on
369:
This form of litany was widely circulated, both in script and in print, during the 16th century. A comparison of the texts will show that they contain the praises in the Loreto Litany, with two exceptions: the
44:
In the
Eastern Church litanies are always a part of the official liturgy, and they have at least three different forms: Synaptae (Collect), Ektenie ("intense" prayer of intercession and pardon based in part on
253:", repeated over and over, a series of tropes consisting of different praises, with an occasional added petition, imitated however broadly from the litanies of the saints. Thus, the Marian litany was evolved.
558:
401:) and Aitaesis (intercessory prayer for peace, pardon and protection). Among these are the "Epitaphian Threnos" recalling Mary's suffering on Good Friday. The 6th century
58:, meaning prayer of invocation or intercession. It also meant, up to the twelfth century, a procession with intercessory character, also known under the designation of
551:
113:", but varying the laudatory titles given. Then, after this manner of the litanies of the saints, a series of petitions occur. The litany concludes with the
66:, and the Litany for the Coronation of Images of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which can be an appropriate substitute for the other litany on certain occasions.
651:
1416:
1285:
1154:
444:
1394:
503:
107:, followed by invocations of the Virgin Mary in a long series of praises. This goes on for more than fifty times, always repeating the invocation "
544:
288:
Gradually the praises became simpler; at times the petitions were omitted, and, from the second half of the 15th century, the repetition of the "
992:
1697:
1643:
1406:
1144:
360:" of the Litany of Loreto. There are many similar examples in which the litany consists of praises alone without the repetition of the "
16:
1635:
1589:
703:
531:
63:
1379:
1670:
958:
1770:
1743:
1215:
786:
1303:
567:
86:" it becomes customary to add only one praise, and these praises show in general a better choice or a better arrangement.
907:
1804:
1101:
1041:
576:
161:
80:
find other examples of a like kind, but the tendency is always towards brevity and simplicity. To each invocation of "
1325:
1411:
1372:
1809:
1567:
1494:
1134:
985:
202:
1449:
1320:
1293:
1232:
867:
220:
1653:
1463:
1444:
1254:
1242:
1220:
882:
872:
1530:
1489:
1479:
1308:
1210:
1179:
1096:
877:
668:
616:
261:
Another type of litany, appearing in the second half of the fifteenth century, was to be publicly chanted
285:, etc. At the end, however, are a few short petitions such as those found in the litanies of the saints.
1601:
1184:
1159:
1127:
1081:
1056:
1001:
927:
922:
912:
715:
508:
38:
134:
1705:
1174:
1091:
978:
917:
823:
1577:
1535:
1484:
892:
740:
688:
1777:
476:
1738:
1715:
1675:
1454:
1298:
1227:
947:
850:
845:
599:
1814:
1659:
1557:
1401:
1367:
1149:
1139:
1046:
796:
761:
693:
641:
527:
1616:
1572:
1525:
1389:
1201:
1169:
1086:
1072:
830:
791:
781:
745:
683:
660:
631:
604:
425:
420:
1262:
1237:
1164:
766:
179:
1499:
1426:
813:
366:", and in which arrangement and form come nearer and nearer to the Litany of Loreto.
1798:
1782:
1691:
1648:
1626:
1562:
1439:
1343:
840:
806:
776:
497:
100:
89:
The earliest known genuine text of a Marian litany is in a 12th-century codex in the
59:
24:
20:
1545:
1540:
1434:
1122:
1017:
887:
801:
771:
735:
725:
621:
609:
294:" began to be avoided, so that the praises alone remained, with the accompaniment "
41:
used in church services and processions, and consisting of a number of petitions.
536:
330:", which are not found in earlier litanies. It also includes three invocations, "
1710:
1009:
897:
942:
52:
In the liturgy of the
Western Church the word litany is derived from the Latin
1722:
1596:
1035:
710:
170:
464:
1552:
1504:
1459:
1384:
1315:
1276:
1191:
860:
678:
589:
584:
114:
1665:
1606:
855:
720:
402:
398:
211:
46:
970:
1520:
1474:
1469:
1029:
902:
673:
636:
414:
104:
96:
Letania de domina nostra Dei genitrice virgine Maria: oratio valde bona
445:
Congregation for Divine
Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments.
282:
Sancta mater
Creatoris; Sancta mater Salvatoris; Sancta mater munditie
1611:
835:
818:
730:
267:. The invocations are very simple and all begin, not with the words "
152:
33:
62:. There are two approved Marian litanies in the Western Church: the
496: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
477:"Litany of Loreto in Context", Marian Library, University of Dayton
1114:
1023:
626:
594:
193:
90:
15:
467:
Vol. 9. New York: Robert
Appleton Company, 1910. 10 December 2017
974:
540:
465:
Santi, Angelo de. "Litany of Loreto." The
Catholic Encyclopedia
133:
A litany of this new form is that of a codex in the Library of
524:
The greatest Marian prayers: their history, meaning, and usage
126:
in penitential processions and during public calamities.
405:, a sixth century hymn, includes a number of litanies.
1731:
1684:
1634:
1625:
1513:
1425:
1356:
1336:
1284:
1275:
1253:
1200:
1112:
1071:
1064:
1008:
754:
659:
574:
145:
986:
552:
8:
348:", which passed by an easy change into the "
383:
377:
371:
361:
355:
349:
343:
337:
331:
325:
319:
313:
307:
301:
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268:
262:
248:
242:
236:
138:
108:
94:
81:
53:
1631:
1360:
1281:
1068:
993:
979:
971:
559:
545:
537:
1417:Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church
460:
458:
456:
437:
103:; then follow the invocations of the
7:
512:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
376:" of the Loreto Litany is found as "
502:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
14:
1776:
1765:
1764:
1055:
953:
952:
941:
650:
491:
151:Holy Mary, Mother and Spouse of
1744:Saint Luke painting the Virgin
1165:Miracle at the Wedding at Cana
1160:Finding of Jesus in the Temple
923:Visit to the Blessed Sacrament
568:Prayers of the Catholic Church
417:-litany in the Easter Churches
1:
908:Thanksgiving after Communion
264:tempore pestis sive epydimic
238:Sancta Maria, ora pro nobis.
192:Holy Mary, Mistress of the
1831:
447:Directory on Popular Piety
99:. It opens with the usual
1760:
1363:
1211:Bilocation to Saint James
1053:
936:
648:
526:by Anthony M. Buono 1999
403:Akathist to the Theotokos
169:Holy Mary, Temple of the
1263:Protoevangelium of James
868:Prayer before a crucifix
93:Library, with the title
1654:Golden Madonna of Essen
1243:Woman of the Apocalypse
883:Prayer to Saint Michael
873:Prayer of Saint Francis
37:is a form of prayer to
1531:Alma Redemptoris Mater
1480:Our Lady of Navigators
948:Catholicism portal
878:Prayer to Saint Joseph
755:Other Catholic prayers
669:Alma Redemptoris Mater
617:Gloria in excelsis Deo
385:Auxilium christianorum
384:
378:
372:
362:
357:Auxilium christianorum
356:
350:
344:
338:
333:Advocata christianorum
332:
326:
320:
314:
308:
302:
296:
290:
281:
275:
269:
263:
249:
243:
237:
232:
221:Mother of True Counsel
139:
109:
95:
82:
54:
30:In Christian worship,
27:
1716:Theotokos of Vladimir
1145:Presentation of Jesus
1082:Immaculate Conception
1002:Mary, mother of Jesus
928:Stations of the Cross
913:Veni Creator Spiritus
509:Catholic Encyclopedia
449:, §203, December 2001
339:Refugium desperatorum
39:Mary, mother of Jesus
19:
918:Veni Sancte Spiritus
824:Litany of the Saints
321:Causa nostræ lætitiæ
1698:Madonna del Rosario
1602:Maria mater gratiae
1578:Sub tuum praesidium
1536:Ave Regina caelorum
1490:Our Lady of Victory
1485:Our Lady of Sorrows
1128:Virginal motherhood
1102:Perpetual virginity
893:Spiritual Communion
741:Sub tuum praesidium
716:Maria mater gratiae
689:Ave Regina caelorum
373:Virgo prudentissima
351:Refugium peccatorum
345:Auxilium peccatorum
210:Holy Mary, Gate of
1805:Catholic Mariology
1739:Life of the Virgin
1455:Life-giving Spring
1445:Help of Christians
1155:Return to Nazareth
1097:Marriage to Joseph
851:Penitential Psalms
846:O salutaris hostia
135:St. Mark's, Venice
28:
1792:
1791:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1660:The Golden Virgin
1380:Catholic churches
1352:
1351:
1271:
1270:
1150:Flight into Egypt
1140:Nativity of Jesus
1047:Brothers of Jesus
968:
967:
861:130: De profundis
797:Come, Holy Spirit
762:Act of Contrition
1822:
1810:Marian devotions
1780:
1768:
1767:
1632:
1617:Three Hail Marys
1573:Ave maris stella
1450:Immaculate Heart
1361:
1282:
1170:Passion of Jesus
1069:
1059:
995:
988:
981:
972:
956:
955:
946:
945:
856:51: Miserere mei
831:Morning offering
782:Ave verum corpus
746:Three Hail Marys
684:Ave maris stella
654:
605:Athanasian Creed
561:
554:
547:
538:
513:
504:Litany of Loreto
495:
494:
479:
474:
468:
462:
451:
442:
426:Marian devotions
421:Litany of Loreto
387:
381:
375:
365:
359:
353:
347:
341:
335:
329:
323:
317:
311:
305:
299:
293:
284:
278:
272:
266:
252:
246:
240:
226:
217:
208:
199:
185:
176:
167:
162:Mother inviolate
158:
143:". For example:
142:
112:
98:
85:
75:Private devotion
64:Litany of Loreto
57:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1748:
1727:
1680:
1671:Queen of Heaven
1621:
1509:
1495:Star of the Sea
1421:
1348:
1332:
1267:
1249:
1196:
1108:
1060:
1051:
1004:
999:
969:
964:
940:
932:
888:Requiem æternam
767:Adoro te devote
750:
655:
646:
600:Apostles' Creed
575:Prayers of the
570:
565:
520:
518:Further reading
501:
492:
483:
482:
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463:
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411:
394:
259:
257:Later evolution
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180:Queen of Heaven
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123:
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12:
11:
5:
1828:
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1604:
1599:
1594:
1593:
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1582:
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1580:
1575:
1570:
1560:
1558:Fátima prayers
1555:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
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1500:Seat of Wisdom
1497:
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1225:
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1177:
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1132:
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1094:
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1033:
1027:
1021:
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1006:
1005:
1000:
998:
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990:
983:
975:
966:
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937:
934:
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920:
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910:
905:
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895:
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870:
865:
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858:
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843:
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833:
828:
827:
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814:Laudes divinae
811:
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809:
799:
794:
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779:
774:
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764:
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751:
749:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
707:
706:
696:
694:Fátima prayers
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
665:
663:
661:Marian prayers
657:
656:
649:
647:
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469:
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436:
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393:
392:Eastern Church
390:
327:Vas spirituale
258:
255:
203:Star of Heaven
189:
148:
147:
146:
122:
119:
76:
73:
71:
68:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1827:
1816:
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1785:
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1783:Saints Portal
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1692:Agiosoritissa
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1649:Black Madonna
1647:
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1478:
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1471:
1468:
1465:
1464:of all graces
1461:
1458:
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1546:Regina caeli
1541:Salve Regina
1440:Coredemptrix
1435:Christotokos
1395:month of May
1204:: later life
1185:Resurrection
1123:Annunciation
1092:Presentation
1075:: early life
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802:Jesus Prayer
736:Salve Regina
726:Regina caeli
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622:Gloria Patri
610:Nicene Creed
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309:Sancta Maria
303:Sancta Maria
291:Sancta Maria
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276:Sancta mater
270:Sancta Maria
260:
244:Sancta Maria
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216:pray for me;
207:pray for me;
198:pray for me;
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184:pray for me;
175:pray for me;
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157:pray for me;
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1706:Derzhavnaya
1368:Apparitions
1175:Crucifixion
898:Tantum ergo
486:Attribution
247:" and the "
225:pray for me
219:Holy Mary,
201:Holy Mary,
178:Holy Mary,
160:Holy Mary,
1799:Categories
1723:Hodegetria
1644:Assumption
1597:Magnificat
1402:Feast days
1357:Veneration
1321:Protestant
1255:Apocryphal
1233:Coronation
1228:Assumption
1180:Deposition
1135:Visitation
787:Benedictus
772:Angele Dei
711:Magnificat
432:References
171:Holy Ghost
121:Public use
1553:Ave Maria
1526:Antiphons
1505:Theotokos
1460:Mediatrix
1407:Patronage
1390:Devotions
1385:Christmas
1286:Christian
1277:Mariology
1238:Queenship
1216:Dormition
1202:Tradition
1192:Pentecost
1073:Tradition
1042:Elizabeth
1020:(husband)
679:Ave Maria
590:Confiteor
585:Agnus Dei
279:", e.g.:
115:Agnus Dei
1815:Litanies
1771:Category
1607:Memorare
1568:Akathist
1326:Lutheran
1316:Orthodox
1299:Catholic
1294:Anglican
1038:(mother)
1032:(father)
959:Category
819:Litanies
792:Chaplets
721:Memorare
409:See also
399:Psalm 50
212:Paradise
60:rogation
47:Psalm 50
1732:Related
1521:Angelus
1514:Prayers
1475:Panagia
1470:New Eve
1412:Shrines
1344:Islamic
1304:history
1113:In the
1030:Joachim
903:Te Deum
674:Angelus
637:Sanctus
500::
415:Ectenia
354:" and "
324:" and "
105:Trinity
70:History
55:litania
32:Marian
21:Madonna
1711:Eleusa
1612:Rosary
1590:Loreto
1585:Litany
1427:Titles
1018:Joseph
1010:Family
836:Novena
731:Rosary
704:Loreto
699:Litany
595:Creeds
530:
194:Angels
153:Christ
34:litany
1666:PietĂ
1563:Hymns
1337:Other
1309:papal
1115:Bible
1087:Birth
1026:(son)
1024:Jesus
315:Mater
91:Mainz
1685:East
1636:West
1373:list
1221:Tomb
1065:Life
1036:Anne
577:Mass
528:ISBN
342:", "
336:", "
1627:Art
506:".
23:by
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