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Marian litany

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found, taken bodily from such poetry, and employed as praises of the Blessed Virgin. With regard to their form, it is certain that those who first composed the Marian litanies aimed at imitating the litanies of the Saints which had been in use in the Church since the 8th century. The basic principle of the Marian litanies is the constant repetition of the invocation, "
312:" once at the head of each page. But, because of its archaic form, this litany must be considerably anterior to 1524, and may have been copied from some 15th-century manuscript. The praises are chosen in part from previous litanies, and in part they are original. The arrangement is better and more varied. The first place is given to praises bestowed on the name of " 388:", though it appears in no text before this time, is, as remarked above, an easy variant of the litany of 1524. It is probable that the Loreto text became customary in the Holy House towards the close of the 15th century, at a time when in other places similar litanies were being adapted for public use to obtain deliverance from some calamity. 241:" And in order that this repetition might not prove monotonous in the Middle Ages recourse was had to an expedient since then universally used, not only in private devotions but even in liturgical prayer, that of amplifying by means of what are called tropes. It was an easy matter to improvise between the " 234:
With regard to their content, which consists mainly of praises of the Blessed Virgin, it would seem to have been taken not so much from the Scriptures and the Church Fathers, at least directly, as from popular medieval Latin poetry. In the earlier and longer litanies whole rhythmic strophes are to be
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Once the custom grew up of reciting Marian litanies privately, and of gradually shortening the text, it was not long until the idea occurred of employing them for public devotion, especially in cases of epidemic, as had been the practice of the Church with the litanies of the Saints, which were sung
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The earliest certain mention of a public recital of Marian Litanies is actually related to a time of pestilence, particularly in the 15th century. At Venice, in fact, these same litanies were finally adopted for liturgical use in processions for plague and mortality and asking for rain or for fair
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The first Marian litanies must have been composed to foster private devotion, as it is not at all probable that they were written for use in public, by reason of their drawn-out and heavy style. Lengthy and involved litanies of this type do not seem to have won popularity, though it is possible to
318:"; then come those expressing the Blessed Virgin's tender love for mankind; then the titles given her in the creeds; then those beginning with "Regina", which are identical with those we now have in the Litany of Loreto. Two new titles are introduced: " 137:, dating from the end of the 13th or the beginning of the 14th century. It is found, though with occasional variants, in many manuscripts. It omits the petitions, and consists of seventy-five praises joined to the usual invocation, " 306:" is repeated, but only at intervals of six or seven praises, perhaps because the shape or size of the parchment was so small that it held only six or seven lines to the page, and the copyist contented himself with writing the " 49:) and Aitaesis (intercessory prayer for peace, pardon and protection). Marian litanies are numerous in the Eastern church and may cover a multitude of themes, some dogmatic, others of moral and patriotic character. 300:". The connecting link between the older litanies and this new group may have been a litany found in a manuscript of prayers, copied in 1524 by Fra Giovanni da Falerona. It consists of fifty-seven praises, and the " 130:
weather. Probably they began to be sung in this connection during the calamities of the 15th century; but in the following century they are prescribed, as being an ancient custom, in the ceremonials of St. Mark's.
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In the Eastern Church litanies are always a part of the official liturgy, and they have at least three different forms: Synaptae (Collect), Ektenie ("intense" prayer of intercession and pardon based in part on
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This form of litany was widely circulated, both in script and in print, during the 16th century. A comparison of the texts will show that they contain the praises in the Loreto Litany, with two exceptions: the
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In the Eastern Church litanies are always a part of the official liturgy, and they have at least three different forms: Synaptae (Collect), Ektenie ("intense" prayer of intercession and pardon based in part on
253:", repeated over and over, a series of tropes consisting of different praises, with an occasional added petition, imitated however broadly from the litanies of the saints. Thus, the Marian litany was evolved. 558: 401:) and Aitaesis (intercessory prayer for peace, pardon and protection). Among these are the "Epitaphian Threnos" recalling Mary's suffering on Good Friday. The 6th century 58:, meaning prayer of invocation or intercession. It also meant, up to the twelfth century, a procession with intercessory character, also known under the designation of 551: 113:", but varying the laudatory titles given. Then, after this manner of the litanies of the saints, a series of petitions occur. The litany concludes with the 66:, and the Litany for the Coronation of Images of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which can be an appropriate substitute for the other litany on certain occasions. 651: 1416: 1285: 1154: 444: 1394: 503: 107:, followed by invocations of the Virgin Mary in a long series of praises. This goes on for more than fifty times, always repeating the invocation " 544: 288:
Gradually the praises became simpler; at times the petitions were omitted, and, from the second half of the 15th century, the repetition of the "
992: 1697: 1643: 1406: 1144: 360:" of the Litany of Loreto. There are many similar examples in which the litany consists of praises alone without the repetition of the " 16: 1635: 1589: 703: 531: 63: 1379: 1670: 958: 1770: 1743: 1215: 786: 1303: 567: 86:" it becomes customary to add only one praise, and these praises show in general a better choice or a better arrangement. 907: 1804: 1101: 1041: 576: 161: 80:
find other examples of a like kind, but the tendency is always towards brevity and simplicity. To each invocation of "
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Another type of litany, appearing in the second half of the fifteenth century, was to be publicly chanted
285:, etc. At the end, however, are a few short petitions such as those found in the litanies of the saints. 1601: 1184: 1159: 1127: 1081: 1056: 1001: 927: 922: 912: 715: 508: 38: 134: 1705: 1174: 1091: 978: 917: 823: 1577: 1535: 1484: 892: 740: 688: 1777: 476: 1738: 1715: 1675: 1454: 1298: 1227: 947: 850: 845: 599: 1814: 1659: 1557: 1401: 1367: 1149: 1139: 1046: 796: 761: 693: 641: 527: 1616: 1572: 1525: 1389: 1201: 1169: 1086: 1072: 830: 791: 781: 745: 683: 660: 631: 604: 425: 420: 1262: 1237: 1164: 766: 179: 1499: 1426: 813: 366:", and in which arrangement and form come nearer and nearer to the Litany of Loreto. 1798: 1782: 1691: 1648: 1626: 1562: 1439: 1343: 840: 806: 776: 497: 100: 89:
The earliest known genuine text of a Marian litany is in a 12th-century codex in the
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used in church services and processions, and consisting of a number of petitions.
536: 330:", which are not found in earlier litanies. It also includes three invocations, " 1710: 1009: 897: 942: 52:
In the liturgy of the Western Church the word litany is derived from the Latin
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Letania de domina nostra Dei genitrice virgine Maria: oratio valde bona
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Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments.
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Sancta mater Creatoris; Sancta mater Salvatoris; Sancta mater munditie
1611: 835: 818: 730: 267:. The invocations are very simple and all begin, not with the words " 152: 33: 62:. There are two approved Marian litanies in the Western Church: the 496: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 477:"Litany of Loreto in Context", Marian Library, University of Dayton 1114: 1023: 626: 594: 193: 90: 15: 467:
Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 10 December 2017
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Santi, Angelo de. "Litany of Loreto." The Catholic Encyclopedia
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A litany of this new form is that of a codex in the Library of
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The greatest Marian prayers: their history, meaning, and usage
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in penitential processions and during public calamities.
405:, a sixth century hymn, includes a number of litanies. 1731: 1684: 1634: 1625: 1513: 1425: 1356: 1336: 1284: 1275: 1253: 1200: 1112: 1071: 1064: 1008: 754: 659: 574: 145: 986: 552: 8: 348:", which passed by an easy change into the " 383: 377: 371: 361: 355: 349: 343: 337: 331: 325: 319: 313: 307: 301: 295: 289: 280: 274: 268: 262: 248: 242: 236: 138: 108: 94: 81: 53: 1631: 1360: 1281: 1068: 993: 979: 971: 559: 545: 537: 1417:Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church 460: 458: 456: 437: 103:; then follow the invocations of the 7: 512:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 376:" of the Loreto Litany is found as " 502:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " 14: 1776: 1765: 1764: 1055: 953: 952: 941: 650: 491: 151:Holy Mary, Mother and Spouse of 1744:Saint Luke painting the Virgin 1165:Miracle at the Wedding at Cana 1160:Finding of Jesus in the Temple 923:Visit to the Blessed Sacrament 568:Prayers of the Catholic Church 417:-litany in the Easter Churches 1: 908:Thanksgiving after Communion 264:tempore pestis sive epydimic 238:Sancta Maria, ora pro nobis. 192:Holy Mary, Mistress of the 1831: 447:Directory on Popular Piety 99:. It opens with the usual 1760: 1363: 1211:Bilocation to Saint James 1053: 936: 648: 526:by Anthony M. Buono 1999 403:Akathist to the Theotokos 169:Holy Mary, Temple of the 1263:Protoevangelium of James 868:Prayer before a crucifix 93:Library, with the title 1654:Golden Madonna of Essen 1243:Woman of the Apocalypse 883:Prayer to Saint Michael 873:Prayer of Saint Francis 37:is a form of prayer to 1531:Alma Redemptoris Mater 1480:Our Lady of Navigators 948:Catholicism portal 878:Prayer to Saint Joseph 755:Other Catholic prayers 669:Alma Redemptoris Mater 617:Gloria in excelsis Deo 385:Auxilium christianorum 384: 378: 372: 362: 357:Auxilium christianorum 356: 350: 344: 338: 333:Advocata christianorum 332: 326: 320: 314: 308: 302: 296: 290: 281: 275: 269: 263: 249: 243: 237: 232: 221:Mother of True Counsel 139: 109: 95: 82: 54: 30:In Christian worship, 27: 1716:Theotokos of Vladimir 1145:Presentation of Jesus 1082:Immaculate Conception 1002:Mary, mother of Jesus 928:Stations of the Cross 913:Veni Creator Spiritus 509:Catholic Encyclopedia 449:, §203, December 2001 339:Refugium desperatorum 39:Mary, mother of Jesus 19: 918:Veni Sancte Spiritus 824:Litany of the Saints 321:Causa nostræ lætitiæ 1698:Madonna del Rosario 1602:Maria mater gratiae 1578:Sub tuum praesidium 1536:Ave Regina caelorum 1490:Our Lady of Victory 1485:Our Lady of Sorrows 1128:Virginal motherhood 1102:Perpetual virginity 893:Spiritual Communion 741:Sub tuum praesidium 716:Maria mater gratiae 689:Ave Regina caelorum 373:Virgo prudentissima 351:Refugium peccatorum 345:Auxilium peccatorum 210:Holy Mary, Gate of 1805:Catholic Mariology 1739:Life of the Virgin 1455:Life-giving Spring 1445:Help of Christians 1155:Return to Nazareth 1097:Marriage to Joseph 851:Penitential Psalms 846:O salutaris hostia 135:St. Mark's, Venice 28: 1792: 1791: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1660:The Golden Virgin 1380:Catholic churches 1352: 1351: 1271: 1270: 1150:Flight into Egypt 1140:Nativity of Jesus 1047:Brothers of Jesus 968: 967: 861:130: De profundis 797:Come, Holy Spirit 762:Act of Contrition 1822: 1810:Marian devotions 1780: 1768: 1767: 1632: 1617:Three Hail Marys 1573:Ave maris stella 1450:Immaculate Heart 1361: 1282: 1170:Passion of Jesus 1069: 1059: 995: 988: 981: 972: 956: 955: 946: 945: 856:51: Miserere mei 831:Morning offering 782:Ave verum corpus 746:Three Hail Marys 684:Ave maris stella 654: 605:Athanasian Creed 561: 554: 547: 538: 513: 504:Litany of Loreto 495: 494: 479: 474: 468: 462: 451: 442: 426:Marian devotions 421:Litany of Loreto 387: 381: 375: 365: 359: 353: 347: 341: 335: 329: 323: 317: 311: 305: 299: 293: 284: 278: 272: 266: 252: 246: 240: 226: 217: 208: 199: 185: 176: 167: 162:Mother inviolate 158: 143:". For example: 142: 112: 98: 85: 75:Private devotion 64:Litany of Loreto 57: 1830: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1820: 1819: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1788: 1748: 1727: 1680: 1671:Queen of Heaven 1621: 1509: 1495:Star of the Sea 1421: 1348: 1332: 1267: 1249: 1196: 1108: 1060: 1051: 1004: 999: 969: 964: 940: 932: 888:Requiem æternam 767:Adoro te devote 750: 655: 646: 600:Apostles' Creed 575:Prayers of the 570: 565: 520: 518:Further reading 501: 492: 483: 482: 475: 471: 463: 454: 443: 439: 434: 411: 394: 259: 257:Later evolution 231: 230: 229: 227: 224: 223: 218: 215: 214: 209: 206: 205: 200: 197: 196: 190: 188: 186: 183: 182: 180:Queen of Heaven 177: 174: 173: 168: 165: 164: 159: 156: 155: 149: 123: 77: 72: 12: 11: 5: 1828: 1826: 1818: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1797: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1787: 1786: 1774: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1747: 1746: 1741: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1728: 1726: 1725: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1708: 1703: 1702: 1701: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1640: 1638: 1629: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1560: 1558:Fátima prayers 1555: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1523: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1500:Seat of Wisdom 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1431: 1429: 1423: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1364: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1347: 1346: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1318: 1313: 1312: 1311: 1306: 1296: 1290: 1288: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1266: 1265: 1259: 1257: 1251: 1250: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1224: 1223: 1213: 1207: 1205: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1194: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1119: 1117: 1110: 1109: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1078: 1076: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1054: 1052: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1033: 1027: 1021: 1014: 1012: 1006: 1005: 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1724: 1721: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1692:Agiosoritissa 1690: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1661: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1649:Black Madonna 1647: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1464:of all graces 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1355: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1310: 1307: 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807:Mental prayer 805: 804: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 777:Anima Christi 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 759: 757: 753: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 705: 702: 701: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 666: 664: 662: 658: 653: 643: 642:Signum crucis 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 627:Kyrie eleison 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 597: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 582: 580: 578: 573: 569: 562: 557: 555: 550: 548: 543: 542: 539: 533: 532:0-8189-0861-0 529: 525: 522: 521: 517: 511: 510: 505: 499: 498:public domain 490: 489: 485: 484: 478: 473: 470: 466: 461: 459: 457: 453: 450: 448: 441: 438: 431: 427: 424: 422: 419: 416: 413: 412: 408: 406: 404: 400: 391: 389: 386: 380: 379:Virgo prudens 374: 367: 364: 358: 352: 346: 340: 334: 328: 322: 316: 310: 304: 298: 297:Ora pro nobis 292: 286: 283: 277: 273:", but with " 271: 265: 256: 254: 251: 250:Ora pro nobis 245: 239: 228: 222: 213: 204: 195: 187: 181: 172: 163: 154: 144: 141: 136: 131: 127: 120: 118: 116: 111: 106: 102: 101:Kyrie Eleison 97: 92: 87: 84: 74: 69: 67: 65: 61: 56: 50: 48: 42: 40: 36: 35: 26: 25:Filippo Lippi 22: 18: 1781: 1769: 1696: 1676:Stabat Mater 1658: 1584: 1546:Regina caeli 1541:Salve Regina 1440:Coredemptrix 1435:Christotokos 1395:month of May 1204:: later life 1185:Resurrection 1123:Annunciation 1092:Presentation 1075:: early life 957: 802:Jesus Prayer 736:Salve Regina 726:Regina caeli 698: 632:Pater noster 622:Gloria Patri 610:Nicene Creed 523: 507: 472: 446: 440: 395: 382:", and the " 368: 363:Sancta Maria 309:Sancta Maria 303:Sancta Maria 291:Sancta Maria 287: 276:Sancta mater 270:Sancta Maria 260: 244:Sancta Maria 233: 216:pray for me; 207:pray for me; 198:pray for me; 191: 184:pray for me; 175:pray for me; 166:pray for me; 157:pray for me; 150: 140:Sancta Maria 132: 128: 124: 110:Sancta Maria 88: 83:Sancta Maria 78: 51: 43: 31: 29: 1706:Derzhavnaya 1368:Apparitions 1175:Crucifixion 898:Tantum ergo 486:Attribution 247:" and the " 225:pray for me 219:Holy Mary, 201:Holy Mary, 178:Holy Mary, 160:Holy Mary, 1799:Categories 1723:Hodegetria 1644:Assumption 1597:Magnificat 1402:Feast days 1357:Veneration 1321:Protestant 1255:Apocryphal 1233:Coronation 1228:Assumption 1180:Deposition 1135:Visitation 787:Benedictus 772:Angele Dei 711:Magnificat 432:References 171:Holy Ghost 121:Public use 1553:Ave Maria 1526:Antiphons 1505:Theotokos 1460:Mediatrix 1407:Patronage 1390:Devotions 1385:Christmas 1286:Christian 1277:Mariology 1238:Queenship 1216:Dormition 1202:Tradition 1192:Pentecost 1073:Tradition 1042:Elizabeth 1020:(husband) 679:Ave Maria 590:Confiteor 585:Agnus Dei 279:", e.g.: 115:Agnus Dei 1815:Litanies 1771:Category 1607:Memorare 1568:Akathist 1326:Lutheran 1316:Orthodox 1299:Catholic 1294:Anglican 1038:(mother) 1032:(father) 959:Category 819:Litanies 792:Chaplets 721:Memorare 409:See also 399:Psalm 50 212:Paradise 60:rogation 47:Psalm 50 1732:Related 1521:Angelus 1514:Prayers 1475:Panagia 1470:New Eve 1412:Shrines 1344:Islamic 1304:history 1113:In the 1030:Joachim 903:Te Deum 674:Angelus 637:Sanctus 500::  415:Ectenia 354:" and " 324:" and " 105:Trinity 70:History 55:litania 32:Marian 21:Madonna 1711:Eleusa 1612:Rosary 1590:Loreto 1585:Litany 1427:Titles 1018:Joseph 1010:Family 836:Novena 731:Rosary 704:Loreto 699:Litany 595:Creeds 530:  194:Angels 153:Christ 34:litany 1666:PietĂ  1563:Hymns 1337:Other 1309:papal 1115:Bible 1087:Birth 1026:(son) 1024:Jesus 315:Mater 91:Mainz 1685:East 1636:West 1373:list 1221:Tomb 1065:Life 1036:Anne 577:Mass 528:ISBN 342:", " 336:", " 1627:Art 506:". 23:by 1801:: 455:^ 117:. 1466:) 1462:( 994:e 987:t 980:v 560:e 553:t 546:v 370:"

Index


Madonna
Filippo Lippi
litany
Mary, mother of Jesus
Psalm 50
rogation
Litany of Loreto
Mainz
Kyrie Eleison
Trinity
Agnus Dei
St. Mark's, Venice
Christ
Mother inviolate
Holy Ghost
Queen of Heaven
Angels
Star of Heaven
Paradise
Mother of True Counsel
Psalm 50
Akathist to the Theotokos
Ectenia
Litany of Loreto
Marian devotions
Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments. Directory on Popular Piety, §203, December 2001


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