34:
235:
prompted
Mandels and her team to focus their research upon the possibilities of using cellulose as an energy resource. It was essential to be able to measure cellulase activity, and Mandels developed an assay to predict the quantity of enzyme required. Subsequently, her paper 'Measurement of
194:
in 1939, but her father had to be persuaded by her science teacher that she should attend. Fully behind her after his initial doubts, he insisted that she complete her education after the death of her mother, rather than return home to care for her siblings.
162:(September 12, 1917 – February 17, 2008) was an American scientist. Mandels was an early advocate for converting waste biomass to fuels and chemicals. She worked for forty years at the head of the US Army's national bioconversion studies.
453:
214:. Mandel played a key role in clarifying the numerous components of the cellulase enzyme complex in moulds that had the ability to break down crystalline cellulose.
483:
228:
In 1971 Mandels moved to the
Bioengineering, Science and Advanced Technology Laboratory, and when Elwyn Reese retired in 1972 she became the head of this group.
498:
458:
211:
147:
478:
398:
503:
493:
217:
Mandels moved to the Food
Science Laboratory in 1962, where she researched food production in "hostile" environments such as battlefields,
463:
202:
and she completed her studies in 1947. Whilst at
Cornell, she met and married Gabriel Mandels, becoming Mary Elizabeth Hickox Mandels.
448:
468:
488:
473:
132:
Research
Directors Award, Quartermaster Research and Engineering Center (1962) US Army Hall of Fame (1998)
443:
438:
222:
191:
171:
99:
57:
381:
306:
288:
371:
361:
296:
278:
179:
232:
265:
Allen, Fred; Andreotti, Raymond; Eveleigh, Douglas E.; Nystrom, John (1 September 2009).
376:
349:
301:
266:
432:
199:
89:
85:
324:
33:
218:
292:
178:, Connecticut, where she lived with her parents and four siblings during the
175:
109:
385:
366:
310:
283:
170:
Mary
Elizabeth Hickox was born to Sherman Gray and Mary Bolger Hickox in
399:"Foreign Interest Shown at Natick DC in Meet on Waste Conversion System"
61:
113:
38:
Mary E. H. Mandels, from a 1975 publication of the United States Army
236:
saccharifying cellulase' was the most cited paper in the journal
240:
in 1988, when it had been cited by over 330 publications.
350:"Reflections on the United States Military 1941-1987"
267:"Mary Elizabeth Hickox Mandels, 90, bioenergy leader"
143:
128:
120:
105:
95:
80:
68:
43:
21:
260:
258:
256:
254:
252:
326:Who's who of American Women and Women of Canada
225:fermenter products and cellulolytic microbes.
198:Hickox' university career was interrupted by
8:
402:Army Research and Development News Magazine
348:Mandels, Mary; Eveleigh, Douglas E (2009).
210:In 1955, Mandels began her research at the
148:US Army Natick Research Laboratory (NLABS)
32:
18:
375:
365:
329:. A.N. Marquis Company. 1968. p. 762
300:
282:
221:, or even space. Possibilities included
116:structure, large-scale enzyme production
454:People from Middletown Springs, Vermont
248:
484:20th-century American women scientists
7:
499:United States Army women civilians
459:People from Waterbury, Connecticut
14:
414:"This Week's Citation Classic".
190:Hickox was accepted to study at
174:, Vermont. Her family moved to
479:20th-century American chemists
1:
404:(September/October 1975): 26.
160:Mary Elizabeth Hickox Mandels
26:Mary Elizabeth Hickox Mandels
504:21st-century American women
494:Scientists from Connecticut
212:US Army Natick Laboratories
520:
464:American women biochemists
416:Biotechnology for Biofuels
354:Biotechnology for Biofuels
271:Biotechnology for Biofuels
238:Biotechnology for Biofuels
84:Botany BS, with minors in
449:Cornell University alumni
153:
136:
31:
469:American food scientists
489:Scientists from Vermont
231:In the early 1970s the
422:: 18. 17 October 1988.
367:10.1186/1754-6834-2-20
284:10.1186/1754-6834-2-22
474:Women food scientists
223:single cell protein
192:Cornell University
172:Middletown Springs
100:Cornell University
58:Middletown Springs
157:
156:
138:Scientific career
54:12 September 1917
511:
424:
423:
411:
405:
396:
390:
389:
379:
369:
345:
339:
338:
336:
334:
321:
315:
314:
304:
286:
262:
180:Great Depression
75:
72:17 February 2008
53:
51:
36:
19:
16:American chemist
519:
518:
514:
513:
512:
510:
509:
508:
429:
428:
427:
413:
412:
408:
397:
393:
347:
346:
342:
332:
330:
323:
322:
318:
264:
263:
250:
246:
208:
188:
168:
124:Gabriel Mandels
96:Alma mater
73:
64:
55:
49:
47:
39:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
517:
515:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
431:
430:
426:
425:
406:
391:
340:
316:
247:
245:
242:
207:
204:
187:
184:
167:
164:
155:
154:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
107:
106:Known for
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
82:
78:
77:
76:(aged 90)
70:
66:
65:
56:
45:
41:
40:
37:
29:
28:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
516:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
434:
421:
417:
410:
407:
403:
400:
395:
392:
387:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
359:
355:
351:
344:
341:
328:
327:
320:
317:
312:
308:
303:
298:
294:
290:
285:
280:
276:
272:
268:
261:
259:
257:
255:
253:
249:
243:
241:
239:
234:
229:
226:
224:
220:
215:
213:
205:
203:
201:
196:
193:
185:
183:
181:
177:
173:
165:
163:
161:
152:
149:
146:
142:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
71:
67:
63:
59:
46:
42:
35:
30:
20:
419:
415:
409:
401:
394:
357:
353:
343:
331:. Retrieved
325:
319:
274:
270:
237:
230:
227:
216:
209:
200:World War II
197:
189:
169:
159:
158:
144:Institutions
137:
90:microbiology
86:biochemistry
74:(2008-02-17)
444:2008 deaths
439:1917 births
333:14 November
433:Categories
244:References
233:oil crisis
219:Antarctica
166:Early life
50:1917-09-12
360:(1): 20.
293:1754-6834
186:Education
176:Waterbury
112:enzymes,
110:cellulase
81:Education
386:19723297
311:19723299
377:2745381
302:2748067
62:Vermont
384:
374:
309:
299:
291:
277:: 22.
206:Career
129:Awards
121:Spouse
114:enzyme
382:PMID
335:2017
307:PMID
289:ISSN
88:and
69:Died
44:Born
372:PMC
362:doi
297:PMC
279:doi
435::
420:42
418:.
380:.
370:.
356:.
352:.
305:.
295:.
287:.
273:.
269:.
251:^
182:.
60:,
23:Dr
388:.
364::
358:2
337:.
313:.
281::
275:2
52:)
48:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
