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418:, the Mauch Chunk at first used animal power. Mules hauled the empty coal tubs to the summit and were sent down in the last batch of cars; the return trip required 4–5 hours. The road would send down groups of 6–8 coal cars under control of a brakeman, and once 40–42 cars were down, send down the special "mule cars" with the draft animals, thus having just enough animals to return all cars back to the top.
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pusher cars attached to the cables by steel tow-bands running between two large diameter winch wheels located in the Barney tunnels. When a car was ready to ascend, it was drifted down the slight incline from above and behind the Barney tunnel to wait at a latch. The barneys came up and coupled
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560:(CNJ) purchased it in 1874 and leased it to brothers Theodore and H. L. Mumford who operated the line as a tourist attraction. On May 24, 1929, the CNJ sold the line to the new Mauch Chunk Switchback Railway Company, which operated until 1932, when the line fell victim to the
495:, and the other crossed Mount Jefferson. The downhill trip continued to be powered by gravity. The up track was equipped with a ratchet which would prevent a car that detached from the cable from running away down hill. This invention later evolved into the
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By 1845 the increasing demand for coal and the poor logistics of a single-track route meant the company needed to improve its railroad. In 1846, they built a new uphill line using two steam-powered, Josiah White engineered 120 horsepower (89 kW)
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Heydinger describes two earlier, but temporary funicular railways (using the same equipment) which moved overburden and foundation materials to fill in Boston's Back Bay and reshape Beacon Hill—which had three summits when the projects
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on the return leg and each summit had "a new down track" returning the cars several miles farther west in each case. This saw-tooth elevation profile gave the new return track a swooping characteristic ride later deliberately designed into
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used on roller coasters. The railroad changed its name to the Mauch Chunk, Summit Hill and
Switchback Railroad. The modernization of the railroad reduced a passenger round-trip from 4.5 hours to just 80 minutes.
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348:) gauge track, and it was not utilized as a common carrier that linked with other railroads. The rail line was laid on top of the company's earlier 9-mile (14 km)-constant-descent-graded
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Winch wheels, similar to a Ski Lift, especially the wheels on a cable car system, but low to the ground for the Barney cars to chase around reversing travel direction and track at either end.
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The earliest documented pleasure riders were in 1827 by visitors out to admire the new railway technology. This gives rise to the credit of the railway as the first roller coaster.
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913:(First ed.). Oak Printing Company, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: Center for Canal History and Technology, Hugh Moore Historical Park and Museum, Inc.,
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1113:– Anthracite Mining pictorial: Mines & Structures operated by the L.C.& N., Summit Hill, Lansford and Coaldale, Pennsylvania.
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52:
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The Mauch Chunk
Switchback Railway was the second permanent railroad constructed in the United States and the first over five miles long.
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Up track ratchets are almost an anomaly, these show an unusual safety-first attitude for something implemented before the
Victorian Era.
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Pennsylvania's first railroad and first anthracite carrier opened on
Saturday, May 5th, 1827, when seven cars of coal passed from the
978:"Mountain Bike Trails in Pennsylvania : Pocono Mountains Region Mountain Biking : Switchback Trail : bikekinetix.com"
654:
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mines to the Summit Hill loading area for the gravity railway trip down to Mauch Chunk, thence to the Lehigh Canal (and in 1855, by
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Anderson, John W., Transitions: From
Eastern Europe to Anthracite Community to College Classroom, iUniverse:New York, 2005, p. 30
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opened as a replacement for the switchback line. The Lehigh Coal and
Railroad is considered the first American company to use
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461:, a role it would keep and satisfy with tourists for over five decades after it was abandoned as a primary freight railroad.
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352:. The railway operated for more than half a century as a tourist attraction after it ceased day-to-day operations as a
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457:) and their customers. The railroad became an early American tourist attraction and is considered the world's first
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An 1832 portrait of the terminus of the Mauch Chunk & Summit Hill
Railroad and the coal loading chutes below by
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on the property foreclosed and it was sold to scrapper Isaac Weiner for $ 18,000 (equal to $ 401,971 today).
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1131:- local historian, documents many scenes along the 18 mile round trip of the railway's loop.
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Heydinger, Earl J. (1964). "Railroads of the Lehigh Coal and
Navigation Company: GROUP IX".
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Heydinger, Earl J. (1964). "Railroads of the Lehigh Coal and
Navigation Company: GROUP IX".
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In 1976, a 47-acre (19 ha) section of the former right-of-way, from Ludlow St. in
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Vince Hydro's
Insider's Guide to the Switchback, Jim Thorpe Insider's Press, 1999.
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behind to push the cars uphill. One of the inclines rose 664 feet (202 m) up
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systems to replace move cars uphill. These inclines used two telescoping wheeled
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Rail infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
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1008:"Switchback Gravity Railroad Historic Landscape Preservation Planning Study"
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425:. A powered double-incline led up to the top of two separate summits along
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LC&N added several descending switchback sections and other shorter
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The Transfer of Pioneering British Railroad Technology to North America
380:, descending 936 feet (285 m) in the nine-mile (14 km) trip.
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Frederick C. Gamst in QUESTIONS & COMMENTS, FAQ's (Page 2 of 2).
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National Register of Historic Places in Carbon County, Pennsylvania
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that was built in 1827 and operated until 1932. It was the second
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785:. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission. Archived from
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to transport coal from Summit Hill downhill to the Lehigh canal.
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948:"The Mauch Chunk, Summit Hill, and Switchback Gravity Railroad"
1105:
Beyond Steel: An Archive of Lehigh Valley Industry and Culture
303:
and the topography of the Summit Hill and Mauch Chunk Railroad
909:
Bartholomew, Ann M.; Metz, Lance E.; Kneis, Michael (1989).
536:
Some famous personalities who visited the railroad include
1767:
Railway lines on the National Register of Historic Places
1047:(110). Railway and Locomotive Historical Society: 59–62.
818:(110). Railway and Locomotive Historical Society: 59–62.
331:
constructed in the United States, which was used by the
1166:
US National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
1089:. Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum.
1064:. Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum.
684:
About halfway up, where the up and down tracks crossed.
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climbing inclines to bring the coal up from the new
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Between Ludlow St. in Summit Hill and F.A.P. 209 in
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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1083:Frederick C. Gamst (University of Massachusetts).
1040:Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin
811:Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin
1119:: Proprietary photos touring the LC&N built
779:"Switchback Railroad - PHMC Historical Markers"
672:A car near the Five Mile Tree crossover bridge.
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45:Mauch Chunk and Summit Hill Switchback Railroad
1757:3 ft 6 in gauge railways in the United States
1752:Transportation in Carbon County, Pennsylvania
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8:
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1074:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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1101:Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company Records
1062:"America's First, First Railroad, in 1795"
696:The track, with cables and safety ratchet.
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53:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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1121:Summit Hill & Mauch Chunk Railroad
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755:"National Register Information System"
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291:Summit Hill & Mauch Chunk Railroad
43:Summit Hill & Mauch Chunk Railroad
32:
7:
1668:Native American archaeological sites
760:National Register of Historic Places
572:National Register of Historic Places
333:Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company
63:Pennsylvania state historical marker
1772:1827 establishments in Pennsylvania
1123:, the 2nd railway in North America
360:resulted in its eventual closure.
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421:The railway used gravity and two
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516:in the February 1873 edition of
226:Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co.
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27:Freight railroad in Pennsylvania
660:Looking up the Jefferson plane.
313:Mauch Chunk and Summit Railroad
1742:Defunct Pennsylvania railroads
558:Central Railroad of New Jersey
315:and occasionally shortened to
309:Mauch Chunk Switchback Railway
244:
1:
1663:European archaeological sites
861:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
147:Show map of the United States
90:
1747:Railway lines opened in 1827
1117:Switch-Back Gravity Railroad
889:"CNJ Mauch Chunk Switchback"
857:Inventing the Scream Machine
591:The right-of-way is now the
30:United States historic place
1683:National Historic Landmarks
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1015:University of Pennsylvania
911:Delaware and Lehigh Canals
783:Historical Marker Database
356:in 1872. The onset of the
289:-founding partners of the
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593:Switchback Railroad Trail
538:Prince Maximilian of Wied
243:NRHP reference
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732:The Mauch Chunk station.
720:The Summit Hill station.
708:Looking up Mount Pisgah.
475:'Up Route' cable Railway
378:Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania
341:3 ft 6 in
338:The railway operated on
162:Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania
122:Show map of Pennsylvania
87:Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania
1185:Keeper of the Register
1017:. 2007. Archived from
527:Panther Creek Railroad
522:
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81:An aerial view of the
1200:National Park Service
1180:Contributing property
1111:Early Mining Pictures
765:National Park Service
511:
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399:Early days: 1827-1845
319:, was a coal-hauling
299:
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209:47 acres (19 ha)
190:40.86944°N 75.74972°W
984:on December 14, 2007
531:vertical integration
497:anti-rollback device
323:in the mountains of
311:, also known as the
269:Designated PHMC
41:Mauch Chunk Railroad
1128:www.summit-hill.com
789:on December 7, 2013
477:addition of 1846-47
414:Like its rival the
370:L.C.&N. Company
317:Mauch Chunk Railway
195:40.86944; -75.74972
186: /
18:Mauch Chunk Railway
851:Pescovitz, David.
586:contributing sites
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1190:Historic district
580:to F.A.P. 209 in
512:Engraving of the
385:Earl J. Heydinger
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256:Significant dates
16:(Redirected from
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368:mines of the
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1687:Philadelphia
1610:Philadelphia
1574:Westmoreland
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1026:. Retrieved
1019:the original
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791:. Retrieved
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540:, President
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514:Lehigh Canal
504:1872-closure
493:Mount Pisgah
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427:Pisgah Ridge
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325:Pennsylvania
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283:Josiah White
272:May 25, 1971
264:June 3, 1976
237:Josiah White
83:Lehigh Canal
1716:NRHP portal
1656:Other lists
1615:Center City
1539:Susquehanna
1489:Northampton
988:February 9,
953:February 9,
894:February 9,
866:February 9,
578:Summit Hill
409:Karl Bodmer
366:Summit Hill
193: /
169:Coordinates
94: 1870
1731:Categories
1600:Pittsburgh
1564:Washington
1519:Schuylkill
1479:Montgomery
1424:Lackawanna
1404:Huntingdon
1354:Cumberland
1334:Clearfield
924:0930973097
864:Retrieved
738:References
582:Jim Thorpe
350:wagon road
228:(LC&N)
181:75°44′59″W
178:40°52′10″N
1640:Southwest
1630:Northwest
1625:Northeast
1605:Lancaster
1429:Lancaster
1414:Jefferson
1247:Armstrong
1242:Allegheny
1028:2 October
548:, son of
484:funicular
465:1846-1871
372:to their
233:Architect
1706:Category
1534:Sullivan
1529:Somerset
1454:Lycoming
1434:Lawrence
1389:Franklin
1364:Delaware
1349:Crawford
1344:Columbia
1272:Bradford
1070:cite web
1053:43518101
933:89-25150
824:43518101
566:mortgage
451:Coaldale
447:Lansford
423:inclines
383:—
321:railroad
250:76001616
222:Built by
157:Location
1677:covered
1673:Bridges
1579:Wyoming
1554:Venango
1484:Montour
1469:Mifflin
1449:Luzerne
1439:Lebanon
1419:Juniata
1409:Indiana
1379:Fayette
1359:Dauphin
1339:Clinton
1329:Clarion
1307:Chester
1292:Cameron
1287:Cambria
1257:Bedford
1001:Sources
647:Gallery
564:. The
391:History
1559:Warren
1524:Snyder
1514:Potter
1474:Monroe
1464:Mercer
1459:McKean
1444:Lehigh
1399:Greene
1394:Fulton
1384:Forest
1302:Centre
1297:Carbon
1282:Butler
1252:Beaver
1173:Topics
1051:
931:
921:
915:Easton
822:
612:began.
556:. The
552:, and
488:Barney
439:Valley
164:, U.S.
1635:South
1620:North
1569:Wayne
1549:Union
1544:Tioga
1499:Perry
1322:South
1317:North
1277:Bucks
1267:Blair
1262:Berks
1237:Adams
1049:JSTOR
1022:(PDF)
1011:(PDF)
820:JSTOR
599:Notes
374:canal
214:Built
1645:West
1584:York
1509:Pike
1374:Erie
1312:East
1103:in
1076:link
1030:2020
990:2008
955:2008
929:LCCN
919:ISBN
896:2008
868:2008
795:2013
449:and
307:The
285:and
217:1827
206:Area
1369:Elk
1045:110
816:110
473:The
376:at
245:No.
85:in
1733::
1072:}}
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344:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
