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1084:: the more points they connect to, the greater the value of the system as a whole. Early railroads were built to bring resources, such as coal, ores and agricultural products from inland locations to ports for export. In many parts of the world, particularly the southern hemisphere, that is still the main use of freight railroads. Greater connectivity opens the rail network to other freight uses including non-export traffic. Rail network connectivity is limited by a number of factors, including geographical barriers, such as oceans and mountains, technical incompatibilities, particularly different
740:
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153:
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containers and 1.72 million trailers. Intermodal traffic was 6.2% of tonnage originated and 12.6% of revenue. The largest commodities were coal, chemicals, farm products, nonmetallic minerals and intermodal. Coal alone was 43.3% of tonnage and 24.7% of revenue. The average haul was 917 miles. Within the U.S. railroads carry 39.9% of freight by ton-mile, followed by trucks (33.4%), oil pipelines (14.3%), barges (12%) and air (0.3%).
671:
1147:
1825:
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133:
36:
523:, close cooperation with ocean-going freight and a mostly competitive relationship with long distance trucking and barge transport. Many businesses ship their products by rail if they are shipped long distance because it can be cheaper to ship in large quantities by rail than by truck; however barge shipping remains a viable competitor where water transport is available.
2141:"Heavy-haul heavyweight: China's Daqin heavy-haul railway has undergone a major upgrade to enable it to carry more than three times its original design capacity. David Briginshaw reports from the Ninth International Heavy-Haul Conference in Shanghai on the innovative technology that made this possible | International Railway Journal | Find Articles at BNET"
539:
530:". Most hoppers sneak into train yards and stow away in boxcars. Bolder hoppers will catch a train "on the fly", that is, as it is moving, leading to occasional fatalities, some of which go unrecorded. The act of leaving a town or area, by hopping a freight train is sometimes referred to as "catching-out", as in catching a train out of town.
1856:
624:(UIC) in that it has opening doors on the underside or on the sides to discharge its cargo. The development of the hopper car went along with the development of automated handling of such commodities, with automated loading and unloading facilities. There are two main types of hopper car: open and covered;
1200:
improved north–south rail connections when it opened in 2016. Spain and
Portugal are mostly broad gauge, though Spain has built some standard gauge lines that connect with the European high-speed passenger network. A variety of electrification and signaling systems is in use, though this is less of
1239:
connects Europe with Asia, but does not have the clearances needed to carry double-stack containers. Numerous connections are available between
Russian-gauge countries with their standard-gauge neighbors in the west (throughout Europe) and south (to China, North Korea, and Iran via Turkmenistan).
1700:
In 2011, North
American railroads operated 1,471,736 freight cars and 31,875 locomotives, with 215,985 employees, They originated 39.53 million carloads (averaging 63 tons each) and generated $ 81.7 billion in freight revenue. The largest (Class 1) U.S. railroads carried 10.17 million intermodal
628:
cars are used for cargo that must be protected from the elements (chiefly rain) such as grain, sugar, and fertilizer. Open cars are used for commodities such as coal, which can get wet and dry out with less harmful effect. Hopper cars have been used by railways worldwide whenever automated cargo
407:
in several yards before reaching its final destination, a process that made rail freight slow and increased costs. Because, of this, freight rail operators have continually tried to reduce these costs by reducing or eliminating switching in classification yards through techniques such as
399:, where each car was coupled to one of several long-distance trains being assembled there, depending on that car's destination. When long enough, or based on a schedule, each long-distance train was then dispatched to another classification yard. At the next classification yard, cars are
726:
While typically containers travel for many hundreds or even thousands kilometers on the railway, Swiss experience shows that with properly coordinated logistics, it is possible to operate a viable intermodal (truck + rail) cargo transportation system even within a country as small as
1464:
have Indian gauge networks in the south, standard gauge in the east and metre gauge networks in the north. The metre gauge networks are connected at one point, but there has never been a broad gauge connection. (A metre-gauge connection between the two broad gauge networks, the
915:
478:, rail transportation ensures that goods that соuld оtherwіѕе be transported on а number of trucks are transported in а single shipment. Thіѕ saves а lot аѕ fаr аѕ cost connected to the transportation are concerned. Rail freight transport also has very low
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currently restrict rail traffic between the two countries to two passenger lines. There are also links from India to
Bangladesh and Nepal, and from Pakistan to Iran, where a new, but little-used, connection to the standard-gauge network is available at
1808:
1016:, which prompted some railroads to define their cabooses as way cars, although the term equally applied to boxcars used for that purpose. Way stops might be industrial sidings, stations/flag stops, settlements, or even individual residences.
403:. Those that are destined for stations served by that yard are assigned to local trains for delivery. Others are reassembled into trains heading to classification yards closer to their final destination. A single car might be reclassified or
1007:
or through freight. A way freight generally carried less-than-carload shipments to/from a location, whose origin/destination was a rail terminal yard. This product sometimes arrived at/departed from that yard by means of a through freight.
497:, sent by train and unloaded at another goods station for onward delivery to another factory. When lorries (trucks) replaced horses it was often economical and faster to make one movement by road. In the United States, particularly in the
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that served isolated communities. Like passenger service generally, way freights and their smaller consignments became uneconomical. In North
America, the latter ceased, and the public sector took over passenger transportation.
1502:
The railways of Africa were mostly started by colonial powers to bring inland resources to port. There was little regard for eventual interconnection. As a result, there are a variety of gauge and coupler standards in use. A
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simply invert the car to unload it, and have become the preferred unloading technology, especially in North
America; they permit the use of simpler, tougher, and more compact (because sloping ends are not required)
2076:
1011:
At a minimum, a way freight comprised a locomotive and caboose, to which cars called pickups and setouts were added or dropped off along the route. For convenience, smaller consignments might be carried in the
1408:
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worldwide is moved by containers stacked on transport ships; 26% of all container transshipment is carried out in China. As of 2005, some 18 million total containers make over 200 million trips per year.
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are located in North
America and Eurasia. Long distance freight trains are generally longer than passenger trains, with greater length improving efficiency. Maximum length varies widely by system. (
416:, and in some countries these have completely replaced mixed freight trains. In many countries, railroads have been built to haul one commodity, such as coal or ore, from an inland point to a port.
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1349:
Due primarily to external factors such as geography and the commodity mix favoring commodities such as coal, the modal share of freight rail in North
America is one of the highest worldwide.
505:, towns developed with railway and factories often had a direct rail connection. Despite the closure of many minor lines carload shipping from one company to another by rail remains common.
493:
In Europe (particularly
Britain), many manufacturing towns developed before the railway. Many factories did not have direct rail access. This meant that freight had to be shipped through a
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2229:
768:, even though they usually can carry the weight of two. Carrying half the possible weight is inefficient. However, if the rail line has been built with sufficient vertical clearance, a
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918:
482:. Therefore, many governments have been stimulating the switch of freight from trucks onto trains, because of the environmental benefits that it would bring. Railway transport and
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Many countries are moving to increase speed and volume of rail freight in an attempt to win markets over or to relieve overburdened roads and/or speed up shipping in the age of
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486:(also known as 'inland waterway transport' (IWT) or 'inland shipping') are similarly environmentally friendly modes of transportation, and both form major parts of the 2019
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costs, particularly when the shipper or receiver lack direct rail access. These costs may exceed that of operating the train itself, a factor that practices such as
2010:
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2387:
2034:
696:
516:. Many rail systems have turned to computerized scheduling and optimization for trains which has reduced costs and helped add more train traffic to the rails.
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has a large rail network, mostly metre gauge, with some broad gauge. It runs some of the heaviest iron ore trains in the world on its metre gauge network.
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2274:
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Rail transport is very energy-efficient, and much more environmentally friendly than road transport. Compared to road transport whісh employs the uѕе of
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in the east, with the
Russian-gauge network of Russia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan in the north, and with the meter-gauge network of Vietnam in the south.
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trains, but they have lost market share to containers (COFC), with longer, 53-foot containers frequently used for domestic shipments. There are also
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Freight trains are sometimes illegally boarded by individuals who do not have the money or the desire to travel legally, a practice referred to as "
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transports more than 1 million tonnes of coal to the east sea shore of China every day and in 2009 is the busiest freight line in the world Such
53:
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shipments in the United States, in part due to the generous vertical clearances used by U.S. railroads. These lines are diesel-operated with no
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Several types of cargo are not suited for containerization or bulk; these are transported in special cars custom designed for the cargo.
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are generally used between freight vehicles, although there are plans to develop an automatic coupler compatible with the Russian SA3.
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With the difficulty of maintaining an exact schedule, way freights yielded to scheduled passenger and through trains. They were often
100:
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1924:
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Rail developed independently in different parts of Australia and, as a result, three major rail gauges are in use. A standard gauge
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1285:
234:, general freight or specialized freight in purpose-designed cars. Rail freight practices and economics vary by country and region.
119:
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168:
72:
1312:
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and maximum car weight. Most trackage is owned by private companies that also operate freight trains on those tracks. Since the
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2019:
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215:
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Unlike passenger trains, freight trains are rarely named. Some, however, have gained names either officially or unofficially.
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can drive straight onto the train and drive off again when the end destination is reached. A system like this is used on the
79:
2349:
2319:
1241:
1110:. In Japan, trends towards adding rail freight shipping are more due to availability of workers rather than other concerns.
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57:
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in large quantities. These cargo are usually dropped or poured, with a spout or shovel bucket, as a liquid or solid, into a
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Railways carried 17.1% of EU freight in terms of tonne-km, compared to road transport (76.4%) and inland waterways (6.5%).
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There are four major interconnecting rail networks on the Eurasian land mass, along with other smaller national networks.
804:
728:
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2007:
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are still in operation, but most have closed. There has never been a rail line through Central America to South America.
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1880:
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688:
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on a railway, transporting cargo all or some of the way between the shipper and the intended destination as part of the
86:
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with rail transportation than with other means. Maximum economies are typically realized with bulk commodities (e.g.,
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Freight railroads' relationship with other modes of transportation varies widely. There is almost no interaction with
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Railroads were early users of automatic data processing equipment, starting at the turn of the twentieth century with
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1477:) Most other countries have few rail systems. The standard gauge in the east, connect with Paraguay and Uruguay.
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1202:
780:
675:
2309:. - (c/o National Academy of Sciences). - Number 246. - September–October 2006. - (Adobe Acrobat *.PDF document)
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in the Caucasus region have forced the closing of the rail connections between Russia and Georgia via Abkhazia,
395:(freight station in US). Smaller locomotives transferred the rail cars from the sidings and goods stations to a
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1949:"External Costs in Inland Waterway Transport: An Analysis of External Cost Categories and Calculation Methods"
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for another container on top. Both China and India run electrified double-stack trains with overhead wiring.
2939:
1717:
1290:
1273:
1259:
1236:
827:
796:
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came up with the idea of the first double-stack intermodal car in 1977. SP then designed the first car with
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Use of the same basic sizes of containers across the globe has lessened the problems caused by incompatible
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227:
157:
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While the USSR had important railway connections to Turkey (from Armenia) and to Iran (from Azerbaijan's
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1420:
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of 1980, the freight rail industry in the U.S. has been largely deregulated. Freight cars are routinely
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137:
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project connects Europe with eastern Turkey, Iran, and the Middle East via a rail tunnel under the
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vehicles, which have two sets of wheels, for use in a train, or as the trailer of a road vehicle.
803:, under the name of "Stacktrain" rail service. Along the way the train transferred from the SP to
447:
for transporting food, simple types of open-topped wagons for transporting bulk material, such as
3160:
1490:
1389:
659:
254:
560:
Bulk cargo constitutes the majority of tonnage carried by most freight railroads. Bulk cargo is
471:(UIC) that can be filled and discharged rapidly, to enable efficient handling of the materials.
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where goods were loaded onto or unloaded from rail cars. Other shippers had their goods hauled (
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1900:
1385:
1365:
1357:
997:
961:
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1962:
1818:, Florida, with 53 ft (16.15 m) containers used for shipments within North America
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The four major Eurasian networks link to neighboring countries and to each other at several
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sizes in different countries by making transshipment between different gauge trains easier.
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2014:
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711:. Containerization has revolutionized cargo shipping. As of 2009 approximately 90% of non-
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2572:"File:Modal split of freight transport, EU, 2011-2021 (%, based on tonne-kilometres).png"
1920:
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signaling. In the 2010s, most North American Class I railroads have adopted some form of
2682:
1300:
points. Containerization has facilitated greater movement between networks, including a
1051:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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started working with the SP and that same year, the first all "double stack" train left
575:. Liquids, such as petroleum and chemicals, and compressed gases are carried by rail in
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an issue for freight; however, clearances prevent double-stack service on most lines.
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2323:
2189:
2035:"Rail Freight Transportation: How To Save Thousands Of Dollars & The Environment"
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1521:, but potential connection to the European standard gauge network is blocked by the
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Goods that require certain temperatures during transportation can be transported in
3135:
3110:
3054:
3034:
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2519:
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1815:
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has freight rail service, recently converted to standard gauge, that parallels the
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containers' or 'isotainers') that can be loaded with cargo, sealed and placed onto
572:
509:
245:), especially when hauled over long distances. Moving goods by rail often involves
1244:
enclave), these have been out of service since the early 1990s, since a number of
791:
that same year. At first it was slow to become an industry standard, then in 1984
132:
2414:
2190:"Container port traffic (TEU: 20 foot equivalent units) | Data | Table"
2008:
Comparative Evaluation of Rail and Truck Fuel Efficiency on Competitive Corridors
3150:
3130:
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1948:
1831:
1724:
1514:
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654:. Loads can be 130 tonnes per wagon and tens of thousands of tonnes per train.
635:
479:
436:
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271:
211:
207:
35:
17:
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Most countries in the European Union participate in an auto-gauge network. The
1068:
3165:
3039:
3028:
2998:
2986:
2924:
2099:
1895:
1851:
1513:) gauge network with Janney couplers serves southern Africa. East Africa uses
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903:
720:
712:
621:
597:
555:
520:
468:
460:
409:
219:
2776:
2175:
2051:
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drive down operating costs. Some freight trains can be over 7 km long.
3120:
3095:
2482:"Japan firms shifting to trains to move freight amid dearth of new truckers"
1870:
1736:
1404:
1343:
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993:
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corridor. Double stacking is used in India for selected freight-only lines.
568:
561:
543:
378:
223:
196:
173:
2657:
Chicago Rail Congestion Slows the Whole Country, New York Times, 8 May 2012
2297:"The Containership Revolution: Malcom McLean’s 1956 Innovation Goes Global"
1435:
railroad is currently inactive, preventing rail shipment south of Mexico.
967:
Center beam flat cars are used to carry lumber and other building supplies.
459:
for transporting liquids and gases. Most coal and aggregates are moved in
3115:
3044:
3023:
3013:
2975:
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2934:
2907:
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1771:
1189:
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823:
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Train in Arizona, with 20-, 40- and-53 foot containers double stacked in
647:
576:
456:
440:
432:
760:(flat wagons) cannot carry more than one standard 40-foot (12.2 m)
3100:
3064:
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2712:
https://www.mot.gov.cn/tongjishuju/tielu/202005/t20200511_3323807.htmlf
1967:
1163:
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538:
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International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
1407:
facilities for bulk cargo. Many railroads interchange in Chicago, and
381:
near rail lines and had a section of track on their property called a
3008:
2865:
1767:
1159:
989:
894:
trains are common in the United States, where they are also known as
847:
843:
807:. It saved shippers money and now accounts for almost 70 percent of
609:
1003:
Historically in North America, trains might be classified as either
2342:
American Car & Foundry Company: A Centennial History, 1899-1999
1855:
1839:
1541:
1532:
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are underway or proposed to eliminate bottlenecks there. The U.S.
1311:
1153:
1145:
913:
873:
738:
708:
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237:
When considered in terms of ton-miles or tonne-kilometers hauled,
192:
188:
167:
151:
131:
2603:"U.S. and European Freight Railways: The Differences That Matter"
1150:
Coal awaiting shipment to an electric generating plant in Germany
949:
Coils of steel strip are transported in modified gondolas called
1262:
has an extensive standard-gauge network. Its freight trains use
1134:
1124:
Rail freight ton-milage as a percent of total moved by country:
651:
601:
600:
are freight cars used to transport dry bulk commodities such as
452:
242:
2818:
2222:"Why The China-Europe 'Silk Road' Rail Network Is Growing Fast"
1403:
service, and building more efficient intermodal terminals and
1266:. China's railways connect with the standard-gauge network of
1031:
964:(UIC), but refrigerated containers are becoming more dominant.
605:
29:
1113:
Rail freight tonnage as a percent of total moved by country:
888:
of each truck is not carried on the train, only the trailer.
646:
The heaviest trains in the world carry bulk traffic such as
1372:
between carriers, as needed, and are identified by company
988:
Less-than-carload freight is any load that does not fill a
2214:
See e.g. the description of container transfer process at
1352:
Rail freight is well standardized in North America, with
880:
between the United Kingdom and France, as well as on the
616:, and the like. This type of car is distinguished from a
2601:
Manuel Bastos Andrade Furtado, Francisco (Summer 2013).
1338:
rail network. The one notable exception is the isolated
838:. These are diesel-only lines with no overhead wiring.
2077:"Information Systems and Industry Operating Procedures"
2669:"Precision Scheduled Railroading Evolution-Revolution"
2452:"Russia's RZD speeds up rail service to attract cargo"
2683:"Railways, goods transported (million ton-km) - Data"
1072:
A map of the world showing regions by principal rail
2746:, Association of American Railroads, 7 February 2013
2162:
Ebeling, C. E. (Winter 2009). "Evolution of a Box".
1399:
to carry heavier and taller loads, particularly for
3078:
2948:
2853:
946:, the vehicles being driven on or off the carriers.
282:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2245:"Swiss operators optimise short-haul railfreight"
1469:was constructed but is not currently in service.
2361:"A new fleet shapes up. (High-Tech Railroading)"
1384:, freight trains in North America are hauled by
1376:and serial numbers. Most have computer readable
1137:: more than 20% of all "inland traffic" in 2021
1993:. Omaha, Neb.: Simmons-Boardman. pp. 7 ff.
970:Extra heavy and oversized loads are carried in
2271:"Spotlight on double-stack container movement"
1802:Old type of steam-hauled freight train in 1964
1395:Ongoing freight-oriented development includes
2830:
2023:, 19 November 2009. Accessed: 4 October 2011.
8:
2610:Journal of the Transportation Research Forum
2264:
2262:
1947:Hofbauer, Florian; Putz, Lisa-Maria (2020).
1342:, which is connected to the main network by
206:, cargo train, or goods train is a group of
2344:. - Wilton, California: Signature Press. -
1103:for train lengths in different countries.)
2837:
2823:
2815:
2758:"New coefficients of rail transport usage"
2100:"How To Hop a Freight Train, by Wes Modes"
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
443:for transporting road vehicles; there are
423:(UIC) or freight car (US). These include
268:
2002:
2000:
1966:
1573:Rail freight by network, billion tonne-km
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1571:
1235:. Major lines are electrified. Russia's
1067:
2052:Hollerith's Electric Tabulating Machine
1912:
1752:
1334:are connected by an extensive, unified
772:can accept a container and still leave
2724:"Railway freight transport statistics"
1927:from the original on 20 February 2016.
854:Rolling highways and piggyback service
27:Practice of transporting cargo by rail
2413:Torfason, Ragnar (28 December 2005).
2196:from the original on 27 November 2011
2129:. London: Routledge. pp. 292–93.
2106:from the original on 20 December 2013
1991:The Railroad-What It Is, What It Does
1774:. Intermodal terminal is on the right
764:on top of another because of limited
172:Freight trains wait for departure in
7:
2783:from the original on 6 October 2016.
2492:from the original on 28 October 2017
2440:. p. 1 – via www.pgpl.ca.
2330:from the original on 10 August 2006.
2232:from the original on 27 August 2017.
872:, or rolling road, trains are used;
373:Traditionally, large shippers built
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2667:Barrow, Kieth (17 September 2019).
2637:"Freight Train Late? Blame Chicago"
2462:from the original on 7 October 2017
2083:. IRS. October 2007. Archived from
1413:Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008
2388:"Rail freight - an ancient method"
2243:Anitra Green (20 September 2012),
1814:A container train passing through
1378:automatic equipment identification
1316:Mixed freight running downhill in
1184:is linked to this network via the
884:in India. In other countries, the
441:well wagons or "low loader" wagons
25:
2693:from the original on 23 June 2017
2647:from the original on 27 June 2017
2277:from the original on 2 April 2010
2220:Shepard, Wade (28 January 2016).
2081:Railroad Industry Overview Series
1286:Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
439:(UIC) for heavy or bulky loads,
391:) by wagon or truck to or from a
2671:. International Railway Journal.
2542:"2022年交通运输行业发展统计公报-政府信息公开-交通运输部"
2255:from the original on 5 June 2015
1854:
1823:
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1779:
1755:
1415:mandates eventual conversion to
1117:Russia: about 12% in 2016 up 11%
1036:
818:Double stacking is also used in
687:Containerization is a system of
419:Rail freight uses many types of
239:energy efficiency can be greater
34:
2872:British railway milk tank wagon
2756:Lewandowski, Krzysztof (2015).
2582:from the original on 9 May 2023
2434:"End of an era in rail service"
2386:Rieper, Michael (29 May 2013).
2269:Das, Mamuni (15 October 2007).
2143:. Findarticles.com. 2 June 2009
2033:Shefer, Jon (1 December 2015).
2020:Federal Railroad Administration
1568:List of countries by rail usage
1445:rail systems in Central America
586:Bulk freight car scales at the
546:await unloading, at sidings in
431:(UIC) for general merchandise,
216:International Union of Railways
45:needs additional citations for
2415:"Freight Trains: Way freights"
2340:Kaminski, Edward S. (1999). -
2320:Union Pacific Railroad Company
1250:between Armenia and Azerbaijan
942:are stacked in open or closed
278:-28, 2016) per transport mode
1:
2635:Schwartz, John (7 May 2012).
2548:. 6 June 2023. Archived from
2249:International Railway Journal
1360:. The main variations are in
1080:Railroads are subject to the
735:Double-stack containerization
1961:(5874). MDPI: 9 (Table 11).
1881:Intermodal freight transport
1215:The countries of the former
809:intermodal freight transport
689:intermodal freight transport
2737:Class I Railroad Statistics
2512:"U.S. Ton-Miles of Freight"
2390:. BB Handel. Archived from
2273:. The Hindu Business Line.
1989:Armstrong, John H. (1978).
1836:multiple unit freight train
1550:Rail transport in Australia
1231:-compatible network, using
1210:Railway coupling conversion
1092:, and political conflicts.
752:Double-stack rail transport
629:handling has been desired.
542:Freight wagons filled with
3203:
2432:Irwin, Al (25 July 1977).
2216:Alashankou railway station
1886:Piggyback (transportation)
1565:
1547:
1495:
1388:, even on the electrified
1254:between Armenia and Turkey
1203:Buffer-and-screw couplings
981:
864:Piggyback (transportation)
857:
749:
680:
553:
156:A long grain train of the
2799:epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
2125:Stopford, Martin (1997).
1585:
1582:
1579:
1498:African Union of Railways
1094:The largest rail networks
1045:This section needs to be
978:Less than carload freight
781:Southern Pacific Railroad
357:
343:
329:
311:
293:
285:
2164:Invention and Technology
1664:includes Zimbabwe (1.6)
1556:Trans-Australian Railway
1540:intermodal service from
1506:3 ft 6 in
1409:a number of improvements
984:Less-than-container load
842:use double-stack in its
801:South Kearny, New Jersey
793:American President Lines
218:) hauled by one or more
69:"Rail freight transport"
2940:Wagon with opening roof
2742:3 November 2013 at the
2366:17 October 2008 at the
2324:"Chronological History"
1921:"Rail Freight Shipping"
1237:Trans-Siberian Railroad
797:Los Angeles, California
226:chain. Trains may haul
3187:Rail freight transport
3131:Revenue collection car
2192:. Data.worldbank.org.
2013:6 January 2012 at the
1545:
1493:
1417:Positive Train Control
1320:
1174:
1151:
1077:
932:
840:Saudi Arabian Railways
779:In the United States,
747:
678:
642:Heavy-duty ore traffic
594:
551:
274:of freight transport (
181:Rail freight transport
177:
165:
158:Union Pacific Railroad
149:
3079:Non-revenue equipment
2966:Class U special wagon
2848:freight rolling stock
2546:Ministry of Transport
2438:Prince George Citizen
2295:Cudahy, Brian J., -
1653:includes Bolivia (1)
1597:U.S., Canada, Mexico
1558:spans the continent.
1536:
1523:Arab–Israeli conflict
1488:
1473:Trans-Andean railways
1421:precision railroading
1315:
1158:Freight train on the
1157:
1149:
1131:China: 15.9% in 2022
1071:
922:
742:
674:A container train in
673:
585:
541:
514:unit record equipment
232:intermodal containers
171:
160:crossing a bridge in
155:
135:
3065:Specialized flatcars
2376:. - 1 September 1990
2302:4 March 2016 at the
1708:Named freight trains
1642:27 member countries
1621:, Finland, Mongolia
1544:in Western Australia
1517:. North Africa uses
1397:upgrading more lines
1318:Caliente, California
1302:Eurasian Land Bridge
1280:operate entirely on
1198:Gotthard Base Tunnel
1028:Regional differences
638:instead of hoppers.
567:that is transported
195:as opposed to human
146:West Coast Main Line
54:improve this article
2956:Bogie bolster wagon
2892:Covered goods wagon
2419:www.theweebsite.com
2057:30 May 2015 at the
2041:on 8 December 2015.
1764:classification yard
1576:
1467:Transandine Railway
1382:isolated exceptions
1380:transponders. With
1227:, participate in a
1128:USA: 27.4% in 2020
896:trailer on flat car
693:shipping containers
548:Rugby, Warwickshire
488:European Green Deal
397:classification yard
279:
3161:Track geometry car
2854:Enclosed equipment
2687:data.worldbank.org
2641:The New York Times
2552:on 16 October 2023
2127:Maritime Economics
1968:10.3390/su12145874
1572:
1546:
1494:
1489:Iron ore train in
1390:Northeast Corridor
1386:diesel locomotives
1321:
1175:
1152:
1078:
960:(reefers, US), or
933:
868:In some countries
766:vertical clearance
748:
679:
660:economies of scale
631:Rotary car dumpers
595:
552:
269:
255:trailer-on-flatcar
178:
166:
150:
3174:
3173:
3126:Rail adhesion car
3091:Ballast regulator
3070:Transporter wagon
3050:Rotary car dumper
1901:Wagonload freight
1786:Freight train in
1698:
1697:
1366:Staggers Rail Act
1332:the United States
1120:Japan: 5% in 2017
1066:
1065:
962:refrigerated vans
958:refrigerator cars
920:
590:Mack Point yard,
484:inland navigation
445:refrigerator vans
371:
370:
261:aim to minimize.
140:hauled container
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3194:
2976:Double-stack car
2919:Refrigerated van
2913:Refrigerator car
2839:
2832:
2825:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2762:
2753:
2747:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2607:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2518:. Archived from
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2383:
2377:
2358:
2352:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2316:
2310:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2087:on 21 June 2013.
2073:
2067:
2066:, 19 April 1885.
2063:Railroad Gazette
2049:
2043:
2042:
2037:. Archived from
2030:
2024:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1944:
1929:
1928:
1917:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1827:
1811:
1799:
1783:
1759:
1577:
1538:Pacific National
1512:
1507:
1246:frozen conflicts
1090:railway couplers
1061:
1058:
1052:
1040:
1039:
1032:
921:
774:enough clearance
770:double-stack car
695:(also known as '
683:Containerization
666:Containerization
592:Searsport, Maine
476:trucks (lorries)
414:containerization
366:
365:
352:
351:
344:Rail (electric)
338:
337:
324:
323:
306:
305:
280:
251:containerization
162:Washington state
148:, United Kingdom
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
18:Freight railroad
3202:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3156:Tamping machine
3141:Rotary snowplow
3086:Ballast cleaner
3074:
3004:Kangourou wagon
2961:Chauldron wagon
2944:
2903:Livestock wagon
2849:
2843:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2744:Wayback Machine
2735:
2731:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2694:
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2680:
2676:
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2523:
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2495:
2493:
2486:The Japan Times
2480:
2479:
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2445:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2368:Wayback Machine
2359:
2355:
2339:
2335:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2304:Wayback Machine
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2268:
2267:
2260:
2242:
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2237:
2219:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2144:
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2134:
2124:
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2119:
2109:
2107:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2059:Wayback Machine
2050:
2046:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2015:Wayback Machine
2006:Greene, Scott.
2005:
1998:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1946:
1945:
1932:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1891:Rolling highway
1860:
1853:
1850:
1843:
1828:
1819:
1812:
1803:
1800:
1791:
1784:
1775:
1762:A typical U.S.
1760:
1751:
1710:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1552:
1531:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1483:
1453:
1429:
1427:Central America
1374:reporting marks
1356:and compatible
1354:Janney couplers
1340:Alaska Railroad
1310:
1264:Janney couplers
1144:
1108:online shopping
1062:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1030:
996:or less than a
986:
980:
931:
928:New South Wales
925:
914:
912:
870:rolling highway
866:
860:Rolling highway
858:Main articles:
856:
813:overhead wiring
754:
737:
701:container ships
691:using standard
685:
668:
644:
558:
536:
367:
363:
362:
353:
349:
348:
339:
335:
334:
325:
321:
320:
307:
303:
302:
288:tonne-kilometre
267:
259:rolling highway
164:, United States
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3200:
3198:
3190:
3189:
3179:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3146:Scale test car
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3075:
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3067:
3062:
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3047:
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3026:
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3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2949:Open equipment
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2898:Covered hopper
2895:
2889:
2887:Intermodal car
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2846:Rail transport
2844:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2819:
2812:
2811:
2786:
2748:
2729:
2715:
2704:
2674:
2659:
2627:
2593:
2563:
2533:
2522:on 30 May 2023
2503:
2473:
2443:
2424:
2405:
2394:on 7 June 2013
2378:
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2311:
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2181:
2154:
2132:
2117:
2090:
2068:
2044:
2025:
1996:
1981:
1954:Sustainability
1930:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:
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1888:
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1655:
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1643:
1640:
1637:
1636:European Union
1633:
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1613:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1566:Main article:
1563:
1560:
1548:Main article:
1530:
1527:
1519:standard gauge
1496:Main article:
1482:
1479:
1452:
1449:
1443:. A few other
1428:
1425:
1336:standard gauge
1309:
1306:
1298:break of gauge
1186:Channel Tunnel
1182:United Kingdom
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1101:longest trains
1082:network effect
1064:
1063:
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1035:
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1026:
979:
976:
975:
974:
968:
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954:
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923:
911:
908:
882:Konkan Railway
878:Channel Tunnel
855:
852:
789:ACF Industries
750:Main article:
736:
733:
681:Main article:
667:
664:
643:
640:
626:Covered hopper
554:Main article:
535:
532:
480:external costs
429:covered wagons
369:
368:
361:
359:
358:Inland vessel
355:
354:
347:
345:
341:
340:
333:
331:
330:Rail (diesel)
327:
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272:external costs
266:
263:
183:is the use of
128:
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42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3106:Clearance car
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
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3077:
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3046:
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3033:
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3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3019:Mineral wagon
3017:
3015:
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3010:
3007:
3005:
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2988:
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1862:Trains portal
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1591:North America
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1511:1,067 mm
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1451:South America
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1057:February 2016
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924:Steel train,
910:Special cargo
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730:
724:
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705:railroad cars
702:
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684:
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665:
663:
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657:
656:Daqin Railway
653:
649:
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627:
623:
619:
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614:track ballast
611:
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566:
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557:
549:
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531:
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510:punched cards
506:
504:
500:
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495:goods station
491:
489:
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477:
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461:hopper wagons
458:
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318:
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286:eurocent per
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247:transshipment
244:
240:
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228:bulk material
225:
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200:
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191:to transport
190:
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154:
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142:freight train
139:
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113:
110:November 2021
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3136:Power shovel
3055:Schnabel car
3035:Pocket wagon
2877:Cattle wagon
2802:. Retrieved
2798:
2789:
2771:(6): 89–91.
2768:
2764:
2751:
2732:
2718:
2707:
2695:. Retrieved
2686:
2677:
2662:
2649:. Retrieved
2640:
2630:
2618:. Retrieved
2613:
2609:
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2576:ec.europa.eu
2575:
2566:
2554:. Retrieved
2550:the original
2545:
2536:
2524:. Retrieved
2520:the original
2515:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2485:
2476:
2464:. Retrieved
2455:
2446:
2437:
2427:
2418:
2408:
2396:. Retrieved
2392:the original
2381:
2371:
2356:
2341:
2336:
2314:
2306:
2291:
2279:. Retrieved
2248:
2238:
2225:
2210:
2198:. Retrieved
2184:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2145:. Retrieved
2135:
2126:
2120:
2108:. Retrieved
2102:. modes.io.
2098:Modes, Wes.
2093:
2085:the original
2080:
2071:
2061:
2047:
2039:the original
2028:
2018:
1990:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1958:
1952:
1915:
1816:Jacksonville
1735:
1731:Coke Express
1716:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1658:South Africa
1553:
1501:
1470:
1460:
1454:
1441:Panama Canal
1430:
1401:double-stack
1394:
1370:interchanged
1351:
1348:
1322:
1295:
1272:
1258:
1233:SA3 couplers
1217:Soviet Union
1214:
1206:
1196:. The 57-km
1179:
1176:
1172:Heilongjiang
1123:
1112:
1105:
1097:
1086:track gauges
1079:
1054:
1046:
1021:mixed trains
1018:
1010:
1004:
1002:
987:
934:
895:
889:
886:tractor unit
867:
817:
778:
755:
725:
718:
686:
645:
636:gondola cars
620:car (US) or
596:
573:railroad car
559:
525:
518:
507:
492:
473:
418:
404:
382:
372:
236:
212:goods wagons
208:freight cars
201:
180:
179:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3166:Work trains
3151:Stoneblower
3060:Slate wagon
2651:28 February
2586:25 November
2556:25 November
2526:25 November
2456:www.joc.com
2373:Railway Age
2281:11 February
2200:28 November
2110:18 December
1876:Interchange
1838:running in
1832:M250 series
1725:Juice Train
1689:South Korea
1515:metre gauge
1282:broad gauge
1268:North Korea
1166:Railway in
1074:track gauge
1005:way freight
998:Boxcar load
940:Automobiles
930:, Australia
729:Switzerland
598:Hopper cars
469:open wagons
437:flat wagons
421:goods wagon
410:unit trains
220:locomotives
3040:Quarry tub
3029:Open wagon
2999:Hopper car
2987:Flat wagon
2925:RoadRailer
2616:(2): 65–84
2350:0963379100
2170:(4): 8–9.
2147:1 February
1908:References
1896:Unit train
1586:Countries
1562:Statistics
1491:Mauritania
1358:air brakes
1344:rail barge
1284:networks.
1242:Nakhchivan
982:See also:
904:roadrailer
783:(SP) with
721:rail gauge
713:bulk cargo
622:open wagon
569:unpackaged
556:Bulk cargo
521:airfreight
379:warehouses
197:passengers
80:newspapers
3121:Excavator
3096:Brake van
2930:Stock car
2777:2277-3754
2176:8756-7296
1871:Demurrage
1737:La Bestia
1669:Australia
1529:Australia
1471:See also
1462:Argentina
1433:Guatemala
1405:transload
1194:Bosphorus
994:box motor
951:coil cars
944:autoracks
891:Piggyback
820:Australia
762:container
745:well cars
577:tank cars
562:commodity
550:, England
544:limestone
433:flat cars
375:factories
224:logistics
174:Zhengzhou
3181:Category
3116:Crew car
3045:Rollbock
3024:Modalohr
3014:Minecart
2935:Tank car
2908:Milk car
2882:Coil car
2861:Autorack
2781:Archived
2740:Archived
2691:Archived
2645:Archived
2620:3 August
2580:Archived
2490:Archived
2460:Archived
2364:Archived
2328:Archived
2300:Archived
2275:Archived
2253:archived
2230:Archived
2228:(Blog).
2194:Archived
2104:Archived
2055:Archived
2011:Archived
1974:29 March
1925:Archived
1848:See also
1790:, Russia
1772:Colorado
1580:Network
1278:Pakistan
1225:Mongolia
1190:Marmaray
926:western
824:Adelaide
822:between
758:flatcars
648:iron ore
467:(US) or
465:gondolas
449:minerals
435:(US) or
427:(US) or
425:box cars
405:switched
401:resorted
270:Average
265:Overview
210:(US) or
185:railways
138:Class 92
3101:Caboose
2993:Gondola
2981:Flatcar
2971:Conflat
2795:"Error"
2307:TR News
1749:Gallery
1718:Super C
1291:Zahedan
1221:Finland
1164:Jiamusi
1142:Eurasia
1047:updated
1014:caboose
805:Conrail
676:Germany
618:gondola
528:hopping
503:Midwest
457:tankers
176:, China
144:on the
94:scholar
3009:Lowmac
2866:Boxcar
2775:
2398:31 May
2348:
2226:Forbes
2174:
1768:Denver
1743:Condor
1647:Brazil
1612:Russia
1583:Gt-km
1481:Africa
1456:Brazil
1437:Panama
1328:Mexico
1324:Canada
1252:, and
1188:. The
1168:Yichun
1160:Suihua
990:boxcar
874:trucks
848:Dammam
844:Riyadh
836:Darwin
828:Parkes
709:trucks
707:, and
455:, and
389:drayed
384:siding
312:Road (
294:Road (
189:trains
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3111:Crane
2804:8 May
2761:(PDF)
2697:8 May
2606:(PDF)
2496:8 May
2466:8 May
1840:Japan
1679:Japan
1626:India
1602:China
1575:2019
1542:Perth
1274:India
1260:China
832:Perth
756:Most
610:grain
565:cargo
283:Mode
193:cargo
101:JSTOR
87:books
3031:(EU)
2995:(US)
2989:(EU)
2983:(US)
2921:(EU)
2915:(US)
2894:(EU)
2868:(US)
2806:2018
2773:ISSN
2699:2018
2653:2017
2622:2023
2588:2023
2558:2023
2528:2023
2516:Home
2498:2018
2468:2018
2400:2013
2370:. -
2346:ISBN
2283:2013
2218:in:
2202:2011
2172:ISSN
2149:2010
2112:2013
1976:2022
1615:2351
1605:4389
1594:2863
1431:The
1330:and
1276:and
1223:and
1135:EU28
1088:and
900:TOFC
862:and
834:and
799:for
652:coal
650:and
602:coal
534:Bulk
512:and
501:and
499:West
453:coal
451:and
412:and
377:and
304:35.6
243:coal
187:and
73:news
2017:p4
1963:doi
1766:in
1661:115
1650:269
1639:400
1629:607
1619:CIS
1207:See
1098:See
992:or
898:or
697:ISO
606:ore
588:MMA
463:or
364:1.9
350:1.1
336:1.8
322:4.2
314:HGV
296:LCV
257:or
56:by
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