277:, were vassals of the Mbayá, a relationship that, according to Spanish accounts, existed in 1548, and possibly much earlier. The Guaná were agricultural and pedestrian as opposed to the nomadic Mbayá who became equestrians by the early 17th century. In the early 18th century the Guaná lived in seven large villages of 1,000 or more people on the western side of the Paraguay River between 19 and 22 south latitudes. Later in the 18th century, some of them migrated along with the Mbayá east of the Paraguay River. They were estimated, perhaps generously, in the early 18th century to have numbered 18,000 to 30,000. In 1793 they numbered about 8,200.
194:
126:
625:
237:
984:
229:
The response of the
Jesuits was to capture by subterfuge 500 Mbayá warriors and disperse them to other missions. For the next 30 years, until 1793, the Mbayá menaced the Santo Corazon area, reduced the settlement to impotence, and retained effective control of the Bolivian Chaco. Not until the 1870s was a road fashioned across the northern Chaco from Santa Cruz to
257:(1864-1870), the Mbayá, especially the Kadiweu band, fought on the Brazilian side. They were both praised for bravery and condemned for a "limitless ardor for plunder" by Brazilian officers. They suffered heavy casualties from battle and disease. One Brazilian general said that Brazil owed its continued control of the southern Mato Grosso to the Mbayá.
209:. They both raided and traded with the Spanish, often making peace with one town or region while attacking another. From 1651 to 1756, the Mbayá were a severe threat to the Spanish in Paraguay, the eastern and southern bands making an uneasy peace with the Spanish in the latter year. The first moderately successful
228:
people. The mission had the political objective of finding and securing a land route from
Spanish settlements in Bolivia to those in Paraguay. After a military expedition organized by the Jesuits against the Mbayás initiated hostilities, the Mbayá killed a Jesuit priest and many Chiquitos in 1763.
244:
Located on the frontier between
Portuguese Brazil and Spanish Paraguay, the Mbayá also raided the Portuguese, although they made peace with them in 1791. Ranchers in Paraguay in 1796 killed 300 indigenous peoples, including eleven Mbayá chiefs, thus breaking the long-standing peace agreement between
260:
During and after the war, a smallpox epidemic decimated their population and with the influx of large numbers of
Brazilian settlers, the Mbayá lost their lands and became laborers and ranch hands. In 1870 some of the Kadiwéu band of the Mbayá moved to Argentina where their descendants number 1,000.
280:
The Guaná provided Mbayá chiefs with labor, agricultural products, textiles, and wives and in exchange were given protection and
European goods such as iron tools by the Mbayá. The cultures of the Guaná and Mbayá slowly became more similar as the Mbayá adopted agriculture and weaving and the Guaná
108:
The Mbayá were nomads. With horses captured from the
Spanish, the Mbayá developed an equestrian culture by about 1600 and were a serious threat to Spanish and Portuguese settlers, missionaries, and governments in Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil until near the late 19th century. They also raided and
249:
province, Brazil. The
Portuguese and the newly independent Brazilians provided them with arms and ammunition and bought the cattle and horses they stole from Paraguayan ranches. By the 1840s, however, the Brazilians were trying to force the Mbayá to live in permanent settlements, but with little
137:
The terms Mbayá and
Guaycuru were synonymous to the early Spanish colonists. Guaycuru came to be the collective name applied to all the ethnic groups speaking similar languages, called Guaycuruan, while the name Mbayá referred more narrowly to several loosely-organized bands of the northern Gran
165:
peoples and the
Spanish agreed to help protect them. The expedition was a success, but helped create the enduring animosity between the Mbayá and Spanish. Over the next century, the Mbayá acquired by theft or trade horses and iron tools and weapons from the Spanish and became more threatening,
285:, by intermarriage with Guaná and captive women of other ethnic groups. Spanish chroniclers describe the Guaná as docile. The Mbayá, arrogant and ethnocentric, were described by Spanish chroniclers as surprisingly benign and respectful in dealing with their Guaná subjects.
261:
The
Kadiweu or Caduveo band also survives in Brazil. As a reward for their military service, in 1903 the Brazilian government granted them an expanse of territory in Mato Grosso do Sul where about 1,400 of them live.
245:
Mbayá and Paraguayans. The Mbayá responded by raiding settlements and aiding the Portuguese in their conflicts with the Spanish and the Paraguayans. By 1800, most of the Mbayá had moved east of the Paraguay River to
613:
220:
However, the Mbayá were never politically united. While some made peace with the Paraguayans, in the northern Chaco the Mbayá bands contested Spanish authorities and Jesuits expanding out of
972:
402:
Gott, pp. 19-20; Martinez, Cecilia Gabriela (Jan-Jun 2017), "Cavaleiros versus Flecheros: Thirty years of chiquito-guaycurú war on the Spanish-Portuguese border (1763-1793)",
606:
457:
Gott, pp. 133-136; Martinez, Cecilia Gabrield (2017), "Cavaleiros versus Flecheros: Treinta años de guerra chiquito-gaycurú en la frontera luso-española (1763-1793)",
2185:
599:
965:
2175:
224:, Bolivia. The Santo Corazon mission, established in 1760, was the most easterly of the Bolivian missions and initially had a population of 2,287
950:
2180:
958:
591:
39:
150:
941:
105:
language. They were "formidable" fighters and "kept the Europeans – settlers and priests alike – at bay" for more than 300 years.
759:
749:
380:
Saeger, James Schofield (2008), "Warfare, Reorganization, and Readaptation at the Margins of Spanish Rule--the Chaco and Paraguay,"
828:
803:
734:
813:
869:
900:
781:
879:
641:
854:
798:
771:
988:
859:
833:
776:
754:
1747:
823:
1356:
141:
When first in contact with Spanish explorers in the early decades of the 16th century, the Mbayá lived north of the
1099:
764:
294:
20:
2036:
1596:
629:
1450:
1277:
905:
221:
214:
2094:
838:
791:
193:
1662:
1366:
201:
The Mbayá and other Guaycuruan groups developed a horse culture, similar in many respects to that of the
138:
Chaco. In the 18th century, the Spanish believed that the Mbayá numbered seven to eight thousand people.
926:
425:
2112:
2032:
1079:
1006:
808:
187:
1825:
1439:
874:
864:
786:
709:
1970:
1820:
246:
55:
2084:
1920:
1915:
1850:
1376:
1371:
66:, a name later used generically for all the nomadic and semi-nomadic indigenous peoples of the
2056:
2048:
1983:
1885:
1815:
1687:
1677:
1547:
818:
714:
679:
654:
179:
167:
162:
71:
24:
1682:
281:
became equestrian. The Mbayá augmented their numbers, strictly limited by late marriages and
2120:
2074:
1905:
1895:
1875:
1795:
1790:
1705:
1616:
1429:
1386:
1315:
1247:
1212:
921:
684:
63:
2146:
2125:
1900:
1845:
1639:
1509:
274:
142:
130:
2003:
1998:
1988:
1830:
1767:
1330:
699:
534:
419:
101:. Possibly the two peoples were nearly the same in the 16th century.) The Mbayá spoke a
1993:
1945:
1910:
1865:
1805:
1499:
1476:
1396:
1262:
1227:
1207:
1182:
649:
254:
210:
202:
171:
154:
146:
43:
2169:
2130:
2008:
1930:
1925:
1890:
1870:
1840:
1835:
1723:
1667:
1644:
1634:
1320:
1282:
1252:
1172:
1147:
1074:
1069:
1041:
659:
206:
125:
2066:
1940:
1466:
1152:
1142:
1018:
674:
551:
1031:
236:
382:
The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Vol 3, South America
62:. They have also been called Caduveo. In the 16th century the Mbayá were called
1782:
1654:
1562:
1529:
1445:
1421:
1391:
1257:
1217:
1202:
1162:
1132:
1051:
1036:
895:
724:
719:
313:
217:, thus beginning a process of absorbing them into the population of Paraguay.
158:
362:, Smithsonian Institution, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., p. 215
1950:
1880:
1715:
1697:
1567:
1336:
1310:
1292:
1112:
1026:
704:
230:
114:
102:
98:
82:
67:
1481:
1411:
1978:
1672:
1539:
1519:
1461:
1361:
1197:
1046:
664:
225:
2079:
1855:
1772:
1552:
1346:
1325:
1192:
1117:
183:
157:
allies launched a large military operation against the Mbayá northeast of
1955:
1759:
1626:
1557:
1524:
1456:
1381:
1287:
1237:
1232:
1157:
1127:
1107:
1061:
689:
633:
282:
270:
110:
47:
2102:
1960:
1935:
1572:
1504:
1491:
1434:
1401:
1302:
1267:
1222:
1137:
1089:
1084:
694:
669:
343:
Land without Evil: Utopian Journeys Across the South American Watershed
51:
174:. In 1661, some of the Mbayá migrated east of the river, destroyed a
1860:
1810:
1471:
1406:
1351:
1341:
1272:
1242:
1177:
1167:
1122:
992:
983:
197:
Guaycuru (probably Mbayá) at war in Brazil in the early 19th century.
175:
59:
418:
213:
mission among the Mbayá was established in 1760 east of the city of
1800:
1608:
1514:
1187:
235:
192:
124:
117:, who lived along the Paraguay River and had a riverine culture.
2029:
1744:
1593:
1003:
954:
595:
550:, Austin: University of Texas Press, p. 38. Downloaded from
129:
The Mbayá lived west of the Paraguay River and north of the
535:
http://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Kadiw-u.html
330:
The Chaco Mission Frontier: The Guaycuruan Experience
2139:
2111:
2093:
2065:
2047:
1969:
1781:
1758:
1714:
1696:
1653:
1625:
1607:
1538:
1490:
1420:
1301:
1098:
1060:
1017:
914:
888:
847:
742:
733:
640:
81:'people of the palm', a reference to the abundant
585:Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 394-395.
404:Americania. Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos,
182:, and displaced the Guarani in the old region of
74:of Brazil are the surviving branch of the Mbayá.
583:Red Gold: The Conquest of the Brazilian Indians,
459:Americania: Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos
384:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 258.
109:subjugated other indigenous groups, notably the
186:, located southwest of the present day city of
19:"Mbyá" redirects here. Not to be confused with
966:
607:
8:
161:. The Myabá had been raiding the sedentary
149:. In 1542, the Spanish Governor of Paraguay
332:, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, p. 5
97:, a name more often applied to the related
42:which formerly ranged on both sides of the
2044:
2026:
1755:
1741:
1604:
1590:
1014:
1000:
973:
959:
951:
739:
614:
600:
592:
113:. They were generally friendly with the
306:
203:indigenous peoples of the Great Plains
7:
2186:Indigenous peoples of the Gran Chaco
429:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
942:Category:Ethnic groups in Paraguay
356:Handbook of South American Indians
240:Kadiwéu girl in Brazil about 1892.
54:, and in the adjacent province of
40:indigenous people of South America
16:Indigenous people of South America
14:
546:Santos-Granero, Fernando (2009),
417:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
85:in their home country. (The name
982:
623:
354:Steward, Julian H., ed. (1946),
328:Saeger, James Schofield (2000),
77:The Mbayá called themselves the
46:, on the north and northwestern
406:, pp. 333-334; Steward, p. 215.
2176:Indigenous peoples in Paraguay
1:
2181:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
273:and Layaná), speakers of an
170:who lived eastward from the
572:Saegar, pp. 18, 87-88, 116.
145:on the western side of the
2202:
2031:Indigenous peoples of the
1746:Indigenous peoples of the
1595:Indigenous peoples of the
1005:Indigenous peoples of the
515:Foote et al., pp. 168-171.
317:Povos Indígenos no Brasil.
151:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
18:
2043:
2025:
1754:
1740:
1603:
1589:
1013:
999:
939:
497:Foote et al, pp. 163-166.
295:Paraguayan Indigenous art
524:Foote et al, pp. 168-172
314:"Kadiwéu: Introduction."
269:The Guaná, (also called
23:. For the language, see
537:, accessed 27 Nov 2017.
393:Saeger (2000), pp. 5-6.
345:, London: Verso, p. 48.
222:Santa Cruz de la Sierra
178:mission, also called a
630:Ancestry and ethnicity
581:Hemming, John (1978),
488:Santos-Granero, p. 38.
341:Gott, Richard (1993),
319:(retrieved 3 Dec 2011)
241:
198:
134:
89:is similar to that of
563:Steward, pp. 239-240.
506:Steward, pp. 216-217.
461:, No. 5, pp. 330-340.
448:Saegar (2000), p. 30.
426:Catholic Encyclopedia
420:"Mbaya Indians"
371:Saeger (2000), p. 34.
239:
196:
128:
479:Foote et al, p. 163.
215:Concepción, Paraguay
188:Campo Grande, Brazil
1748:Central-West Region
360:The Marginal Tribes
21:Mbyá Guaraní people
1971:Mato Grosso do Sul
989:Indigenous peoples
247:Mato Grosso do Sul
242:
199:
166:especially to the
135:
133:in the Gran Chaco.
56:Mato Grosso do Sul
50:frontier, eastern
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2037:Southeast Regions
2021:
2020:
2017:
2016:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
948:
947:
935:
934:
2193:
2045:
2027:
1756:
1742:
1605:
1597:Northeast Region
1591:
1015:
1001:
987:
986:
975:
968:
961:
952:
740:
628:
627:
626:
616:
609:
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579:
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531:
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439:Steward, p. 215.
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2201:
2200:
2196:
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2194:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2151:
2135:
2107:
2089:
2061:
2039:
2013:
1965:
1777:
1750:
1728:
1710:
1692:
1649:
1621:
1599:
1577:
1534:
1486:
1416:
1297:
1094:
1056:
1009:
995:
981:
979:
949:
944:
931:
910:
884:
843:
729:
636:
624:
622:
620:
590:
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571:
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562:
558:
545:
541:
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519:
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478:
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456:
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416:
415:Mooney, James.
414:
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388:
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375:
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366:
353:
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327:
323:
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308:
303:
291:
275:Arawak language
267:
143:Pilcomayo River
131:Pilcomayo River
123:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2199:
2197:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2168:
2167:
2161:
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2143:
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2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2099:
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2095:Santa Catarina
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2053:
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2049:Espírito Santo
2041:
2040:
2030:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1984:Guarani-Kaiowá
1981:
1975:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
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1913:
1911:Kĩsêdjê (Suyá)
1908:
1903:
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1878:
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1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
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1700:
1694:
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1688:Gavião-Pykobjê
1685:
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1670:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1651:
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1648:
1647:
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1637:
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1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1477:Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau
1474:
1469:
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1459:
1454:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1432:
1426:
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1418:
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746:
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735:Non-indigenous
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266:
263:
255:Paraguayan War
211:Roman Catholic
172:Paraguay River
147:Paraguay River
122:
119:
72:Kadiwéu people
44:Paraguay River
25:Mbayá language
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2148:
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2100:
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2034:
2028:
2024:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
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1278:White Indians
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560:
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553:
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548:Vital Enemies
543:
540:
536:
530:
527:
521:
518:
512:
509:
503:
500:
494:
491:
485:
482:
476:
473:
470:Gott, p. 141.
467:
464:
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451:
445:
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436:
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428:
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412:
409:
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264:
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238:
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227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
207:North America
204:
195:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
160:
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152:
148:
144:
139:
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69:
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61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
22:
2067:Minas Gerais
1826:Enawene Nawe
1768:Avá-Canoeiro
1377:Suruí (Pará)
1007:North Region
710:Pai Tavytera
582:
577:
568:
559:
552:Project MUSE
547:
542:
529:
520:
511:
502:
493:
484:
475:
466:
458:
453:
444:
435:
424:
411:
403:
398:
389:
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367:
359:
355:
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342:
337:
329:
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316:
309:
279:
268:
259:
252:
243:
219:
200:
140:
136:
107:
94:
90:
86:
78:
76:
35:
31:
29:
1821:Cinta Larga
1783:Mato Grosso
1446:Cinta Larga
1218:Pira-tapuya
1208:Parintintín
927:Australians
906:Venezuelans
533:"Kadiweu",
87:Eyiguayegis
79:Eyiguayegis
2170:Categories
2140:Widespread
2057:Tupiniquim
1951:Yawalapiti
1886:Nambikwara
1816:Chiquitano
1716:Pernambuco
1453:(Rondônia)
1442:(Rondônia)
896:Brazilians
839:Ukrainians
804:Hungarians
792:Mennonites
642:Indigenous
358:, Vol. 1,
250:success.
103:Guaycuruan
83:palm trees
68:Gran Chaco
2113:São Paulo
1979:Chamacoco
1906:Rikbaktsa
1876:Munduruku
1706:Potiguara
1673:Guajajara
1663:Awá-Guajá
1540:Tocantins
1520:Wapishana
1462:Karitiana
1367:Parkatêjê
1362:Munduruku
1357:Kỳikatêjê
1198:Munduruku
1047:Machinere
1032:Asháninka
855:Armenians
772:Croatians
750:Austrians
665:Chamacoco
265:The Guaná
226:Chiquitos
180:reduction
2147:Kaingang
2126:Kaingang
2085:Xakriabá
1921:Tapirapé
1916:Tapayúna
1851:Kamayurá
1846:Kalapalo
1655:Maranhão
1640:Tabajara
1563:Tapirapé
1530:Ye'kuana
1525:Yanomami
1510:Patamona
1422:Rondônia
1392:Turiwára
1372:Parakanã
1288:Yanomami
1258:Turiwára
1238:Tenharim
1158:Jamamadi
1128:Barasana
1108:Amahuaca
1100:Amazonas
1080:Karipuna
1052:Yaminawá
1037:Kaxinawá
922:Africans
901:Mexicans
889:Americas
880:Lebanese
865:Japanese
824:Russians
809:Italians
720:Sanapaná
690:Inkijwas
685:Guaycuru
634:Paraguay
289:See also
283:abortion
233:Brazil.
159:Asunción
64:Guaycuru
48:Paraguay
2103:Xokleng
1994:Kadiweu
1946:Xavante
1936:Umutina
1881:Nahukuá
1866:Kuikuro
1806:Bakairi
1698:Paraíba
1683:Krĩkatí
1678:Ka'apor
1573:Xerente
1568:Xambioá
1548:Apinajé
1505:Macushi
1500:Akawaio
1492:Roraima
1435:Akuntsu
1402:Wayampi
1397:Wai-wai
1337:Araweté
1311:Amanayé
1293:Zuruahã
1268:Wayampi
1263:Wai-wai
1228:Tariana
1223:Siriano
1138:Cambeba
1113:Apurinã
1090:Wayampi
1085:Palikur
1027:Apurinã
875:Koreans
860:Chinese
829:Spanish
787:Germans
765:English
760:British
755:Basques
715:Payaguá
705:Nivaclé
680:Guaraní
670:Choroti
655:Angaité
253:In the
231:Corumbá
168:Guarani
163:Guarani
155:Guarani
121:History
115:Payaguá
99:Payaguá
52:Bolivia
38:are an
2131:Terena
2121:Aimoré
2080:Kaxixó
2075:Aimoré
2009:Terena
1931:Trumai
1926:Terena
1901:Paresi
1896:Panará
1891:Paiter
1871:Matipu
1861:Kayapo
1856:Karajá
1841:Kaiabi
1836:Ikpeng
1811:Bororo
1796:Apiacá
1791:Aimoré
1773:Karajá
1724:Xukuru
1668:Canela
1645:Tapeba
1635:Kiriri
1617:Pataxó
1553:Karajá
1472:Paiter
1451:Gavião
1430:Aikanã
1407:Wayana
1387:Tiriyó
1352:Kayapo
1347:Karajá
1342:Atikum
1333:(Pará)
1326:Apiacá
1321:Aparai
1316:Anambé
1283:Witoto
1273:Wayana
1253:Tucano
1248:Tiriyó
1243:Ticuna
1213:Pirahã
1193:Matsés
1178:Macuna
1173:Kulina
1168:Korubo
1123:Baniwa
1118:Banawá
1075:Kalina
1070:Aparai
1042:Kulina
993:Brazil
915:Others
799:Greeks
782:French
777:Czechs
743:Europe
660:Ayoreo
184:Itatín
176:Jesuit
95:aigeis
91:Agaces
70:. The
60:Brazil
2033:South
2004:Ofayé
1999:Mbayá
1989:Guató
1956:Yudjá
1941:Wauja
1831:Guató
1801:Aweti
1760:Goiás
1627:Ceará
1609:Bahia
1558:Krahô
1515:Pemon
1482:Wari’
1467:Kwaza
1457:Kanoê
1440:Arara
1382:Tembé
1331:Arara
1233:Tembé
1188:Matis
1153:Hupda
1143:Cubeo
1062:Amapá
834:Swiss
819:Poles
814:Irish
700:Mbayá
675:Enxet
301:Notes
271:Chané
153:with
111:Guana
32:Mbayá
2035:and
1961:Zoró
1412:Zo'é
1303:Pará
1203:Mura
1183:Mawé
1163:Juma
1133:Bora
1019:Acre
870:Jews
848:Asia
725:Toba
695:Maká
650:Aché
36:Mbyá
30:The
1148:Dâw
991:of
632:in
205:of
93:or
34:or
2172::
423:.
190:.
58:,
974:e
967:t
960:v
615:e
608:t
601:v
554:.
27:.
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