61:
85:. Onset is in childhood or early adolescence. After recurrent attacks (ranging from days to years in between), swelling may persist and increase, eventually becoming permanent. The lip may become hard, cracked, and fissured with a reddish-brown discoloration. The cause of Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome is unknown, but there may be a genetic predisposition. It has been noted to be especially prevalent among certain ethnic groups in Bolivia. It can be symptomatic of
37:
361:
346:
166:
The NINDS supports research on neurological disorders such as
Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome. Much of this research is aimed at increasing knowledge of these disorders and finding ways to treat, prevent, and ultimately cure them.
281:
Rosenthal, C. (1931). "Klinisch-erbbiologischer
Beitrag zur Konstitutionspathologie. Gemeinsames Auftreten von Facialislähmung, angioneurotischem Gesichtsödem und Lingua plicata in Arthritismus-Familien".
101:
Not to be confused with
Rosenthal syndrome a.k.a. hemophilia C which is caused by clotting factor XI deficiency. Only genetic causation is established as it is associated with twins and family members.
142:
Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome may recur intermittently after its first appearance. It can become a chronic disorder. Follow-up care should exclude the development of Crohn's disease or sarcoidosis.
461:
791:
134:. Surgery may be indicated to relieve pressure on the facial nerves and reduce swelling, but its efficacy is uncertain. Massage and electrical stimulation may also be prescribed.
2135:
2317:
823:
110:
Diagnosis is mainly based on clinical features. However, biopsy has been useful in diagnosis as well as in differentiating between the different types of the disease.
2984:
454:
1364:
2322:
2974:
447:
976:
2989:
2949:
2147:
2098:
763:
220:
771:
119:
2632:
2475:
376:
1749:
1233:
1509:
235:
Bakshi SS. Melkersson–Rosenthal
Syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017 Mar - Apr;5(2):471-472. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.09.034
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197:
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1287:
262:
Melkersson, E. (1928). "Ett fall av recidiverande facialispares i samband med ett angioneurotiskt ödem".
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60:
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131:
49:
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1861:
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1302:
291:
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1997:
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1660:
1628:
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1521:
1447:
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1126:
1116:
1061:
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123:
82:
81:, swelling of the face and lips (usually the upper lip: cheilitis granulomatosis) and the
250:
36:
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2014:
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1935:
1876:
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1262:
1183:
1163:
526:
316:
The original version of this article was taken from the public domain source at
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90:
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572:
549:
355:
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2009:
1633:
1516:
1136:
1031:
1009:
930:
422:
245:
78:
54:
2719:
2670:
2438:
2191:
2172:
2152:
1973:
1851:
1795:
1041:
338:
2805:
2763:
2448:
2408:
2302:
2176:
1965:
1332:
295:
2547:
2019:
1607:
1202:
350:
381:
83:
development of folds and furrows in the tongue (fissured tongue)
2923:
2822:
2746:
2504:
2383:
2169:
1959:
1597:
1260:
1200:
1088:
996:
958:
897:
745:
482:
443:
998:
44:
This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
211:
James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006).
93:. Approximately 400 cases have been reported worldwide.
792:
Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy
284:
Zeitschrift für die
Gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie
328:
908:
869:
832:
805:
762:
714:
692:
674:
656:
638:
620:
613:
586:
558:
525:
502:
495:
413:
332:
213:
48:
26:
21:
2398:Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities
824:Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
2753:Teeth, jaws, tongue and associated soft tissues
1365:Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
2323:Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis
970:
455:
8:
30:MRO, Miescher–Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome
2920:
2819:
2743:
2501:
2380:
2166:
1956:
1594:
1257:
1197:
1085:
993:
977:
963:
955:
905:
894:
759:
742:
617:
499:
492:
479:
462:
448:
440:
329:
59:
35:
18:
118:Treatment is symptomatic and may include
318:Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome at nih.gov
2950:Oral manifestations of systemic disease
2099:Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
188:
2985:Syndromes affecting the nervous system
2136:As a manifestation of systemic disease
7:
1982:Gums and tooth-supporting structures
120:nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
2633:Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
2476:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
2975:Conditions of the mucous membranes
1750:Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis
1234:Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia
77:characterized by recurring facial
14:
2852:Cutaneous sinus of dental origin
2789:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
2784:Central hypoventilation syndrome
2666:Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
2094:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
2074:Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
986:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
622:lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
2698:Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis
2335:Osteoporotic bone marrow defect
1789:Keratocystic odontogenic tumour
2990:Syndromes affecting the tongue
2683:Sclerosing polycystic adenosis
2518:Benign lymphoepithelial lesion
916:Complex regional pain syndrome
725:Template:Cranial nerve disease
1:
2877:Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome
2826:Soft tissues around the mouth
2523:Ectopic salivary gland tissue
787:Hereditary spastic paraplegia
150:The condition is named after
71:Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome
22:Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome
2047:Gingival cyst of the newborn
1656:Failure of eruption of teeth
1360:Hand, foot and mouth disease
1345:Focal epithelial hyperplasia
1283:Angina bullosa haemorrhagica
1229:Palatal cysts of the newborn
1152:Transient lingual papillitis
200:. DermNet New Zealand Trust.
177:List of cutaneous conditions
2575:Salivary gland diverticulum
2538:Necrotizing sialometaplasia
1549:Smokeless tobacco keratosis
1461:Basaloid squamous carcinoma
797:Familial amyloid neuropathy
772:Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
3006:
2585:Salivary gland hyperplasia
2533:HIV salivary gland disease
2042:Gingival cyst of the adult
1488:Oral florid papillomatosis
926:Nerve compression syndrome
2930:
2919:
2832:
2824:Orofacial soft tissues –
2818:
2759:
2742:
2590:Salivary gland hypoplasia
2513:
2500:
2404:
2379:
2318:Bisphosphonate-associated
2212:Idiopathic osteosclerosis
2187:
2165:
1988:
1955:
1683:Dentinogenesis imperfecta
1619:
1593:
1273:
1256:
1209:
1196:
1147:Median rhomboid glossitis
1097:
1084:
1005:
992:
904:
893:
851:Pectoralis minor syndrome
758:
741:
491:
478:
472:peripheral nervous system
470:Diseases relating to the
198:"Granulomatous cheilitis"
43:
34:
2897:Orofacial granulomatosis
2676:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
2661:Adenoid cystic carcinoma
2595:Salivary gland neoplasms
2386:Temporomandibular joints
2357:Periapical periodontitis
2089:Linear gingival erythema
1857:Regional odontodysplasia
1703:Enamel hypocalcification
877:Alcoholic polyneuropathy
856:Thoracic outlet syndrome
2794:Obstructive sleep apnea
2560:Salivary duct stricture
2340:Paget's disease of bone
1837:Pulp canal obliteration
1678:Dentin hypersensitivity
1624:Amelogenesis imperfecta
1476:Squamous cell carcinoma
1456:Adenosquamous carcinoma
1443:Squamous cell papilloma
1420:Melanocytic oral lesion
819:Guillain–Barré syndrome
777:Dejerine–Sottas disease
578:Cheiralgia paresthetica
2940:Hemifacial hypertrophy
2907:Pyostomatitis vegetans
2580:Salivary gland fistula
2570:Salivary gland atresia
2565:Salivary gland aplasia
2419:Mandibular dislocation
2390:muscles of mastication
2268:Calcifying odontogenic
1897:Vertical root fracture
1892:Cracked tooth syndrome
1867:Shovel-shaped incisors
1762:Wisdom tooth impaction
1644:Early childhood caries
1510:Benign mucous membrane
1471:Spindle cell carcinoma
1380:Intraoral dental sinus
1298:Burning mouth syndrome
921:Mononeuritis multiplex
846:Brachial plexus injury
752:Polyradiculoneuropathy
676:superior gluteal nerve
648:Tarsal tunnel syndrome
630:Meralgia paraesthetica
535:Ulnar nerve entrapment
512:Carpal tunnel syndrome
2749:Stomatognathic system
2651:Acinic cell carcinoma
2273:Glandular odontogenic
1425:Molluscum contagiosum
936:Peripheral neuropathy
811:demyelinating disease
545:Ulnar tunnel syndrome
270:. Stockholm: 737–741.
215:. Saunders Elsevier.
75:neurological disorder
2892:Oral Crohn's disease
2847:Basal cell carcinoma
2486:Condylar hyperplasia
2471:Maxillary hypoplasia
2037:Gingival enlargement
1970:periodontal ligament
1576:Verruciform xanthoma
1308:Condyloma acuminatum
684:Trendelenburg's sign
126:to reduce swelling,
2902:Perioral dermatitis
2638:Pleomorphic adenoma
2618:Monomorphic adenoma
2608:Canalicular adenoma
2481:Condylar hypoplasia
2414:Condylar resorption
2258:Lateral periodontal
2217:Mandibular fracture
2116:Periodontal abscess
1713:Turner's hypoplasia
1481:Verrucous carcinoma
1430:Morsicatio buccarum
1410:Lupus erythematosus
1323:Erythema multiforme
1239:Stomatitis nicotina
702:Piriformis syndrome
588:long thoracic nerve
2945:Facial hemiatrophy
2799:Periodic breathing
2730:Sjögren's syndrome
2603:Basal cell adenoma
2367:Torus mandibularis
2345:Periapical abscess
2328:Osteoradionecrosis
2253:Buccal bifurcation
2232:Intraosseous cysts
2121:Periodontal trauma
2025:Pyogenic granuloma
1872:Supernumerary root
1825:Pulp calcification
1813:Premature eruption
1784:Odontogenic tumors
1581:White sponge nevus
1554:Submucous fibrosis
1498:Smoker's melanosis
1385:Irritation fibroma
1224:High-arched palate
1132:Foliate papillitis
1122:Cunnilingus tongue
1107:Black hairy tongue
1037:Congenital lip pit
517:Ape hand deformity
414:External resources
296:10.1007/bf02865984
132:immunosuppressants
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2915:
2914:
2814:
2813:
2738:
2737:
2643:Sebaceous adenoma
2496:
2495:
2375:
2374:
2286:Median mandibular
2281:Nasopalatine duct
2197:Alveolar osteitis
2161:
2160:
2148:Perio-endo lesion
2030:Congenital epulis
1951:
1950:
1708:Enamel hypoplasia
1589:
1588:
1564:Riga–Fede disease
1415:Melanocytic nevus
1355:Hairy leukoplakia
1318:Epulis fissuratum
1252:
1251:
1192:
1191:
1142:Geographic tongue
1080:
1079:
952:
951:
948:
947:
944:
943:
889:
888:
885:
884:
737:
736:
733:
732:
710:
709:
609:
608:
568:Radial neuropathy
437:
436:
222:978-0-7216-2921-6
68:
67:
16:Medical condition
2997:
2921:
2820:
2744:
2613:Ductal papilloma
2502:
2381:
2278:Non-odontogenic:
2263:Globulomaxillary
2202:Buccal exostosis
2167:
2111:Peri-implantitis
1957:
1673:Dentin dysplasia
1595:
1571:Verruca vulgaris
1466:Mucosal melanoma
1313:Darier's disease
1288:Behçet's disease
1258:
1214:Bednar's aphthae
1198:
1086:
1072:Trumpeter's wart
994:
979:
972:
965:
956:
906:
895:
782:Refsum's disease
760:
743:
666:Morton's neuroma
618:
500:
493:
480:
464:
457:
450:
441:
330:
308:
307:
278:
272:
271:
259:
253:
242:
236:
233:
227:
226:
208:
202:
201:
193:
152:Ernst Melkersson
64:
63:
39:
19:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2954:
2926:
2911:
2867:Ludwig's angina
2828:
2810:
2769:Mouth breathing
2755:
2734:
2555:Pneumoparotitis
2528:Frey's syndrome
2509:
2507:Salivary glands
2492:
2400:
2371:
2350:Phoenix abscess
2183:
2179:hard tissues –
2157:
2079:Hypercementosis
1998:Cementoblastoma
1984:
1947:
1661:Dens evaginatus
1615:
1585:
1537:Denture-related
1522:Plasmoacanthoma
1448:Keratoacanthoma
1269:
1267:Lining of mouth
1248:
1244:Torus palatinus
1205:
1188:
1169:Lingual thyroid
1127:Fissured tongue
1117:Crenated tongue
1093:
1076:
1062:Nasolabial cyst
1047:Herpes labialis
1001:
988:
983:
953:
940:
900:
881:
865:
828:
801:
754:
729:
706:
688:
670:
652:
634:
605:
582:
554:
521:
487:
474:
468:
438:
433:
432:
409:
408:
341:
327:
312:
311:
280:
279:
275:
261:
260:
256:
243:
239:
234:
230:
223:
210:
209:
205:
195:
194:
190:
185:
173:
164:
148:
140:
124:corticosteroids
116:
108:
99:
87:Crohn's disease
58:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3003:
3001:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2980:Rare syndromes
2977:
2967:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2935:Eagle syndrome
2931:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2857:Cystic hygroma
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2823:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2747:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2725:Sialolithiasis
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2656:Adenocarcinoma
2653:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2623:Myoepithelioma
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2384:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2296:Traumatic bone
2293:
2291:Median palatal
2288:
2283:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2170:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2091:
2086:
2084:Hypocementosis
2081:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1960:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1818:Neonatal teeth
1810:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1705:
1700:
1698:Ectopic enamel
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1598:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1493:Oral melanosis
1490:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1450:
1445:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1293:Bohn's nodules
1290:
1285:
1280:
1278:Amalgam tattoo
1274:
1271:
1270:
1261:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1006:
1003:
1002:
997:
990:
989:
984:
982:
981:
974:
967:
959:
950:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
939:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
912:
910:
902:
901:
898:
891:
890:
887:
886:
883:
882:
880:
879:
873:
871:
867:
866:
864:
863:
858:
853:
848:
842:
840:
830:
829:
827:
826:
821:
815:
813:
803:
802:
800:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
768:
766:
756:
755:
748:Polyneuropathy
746:
739:
738:
735:
734:
731:
730:
728:
727:
720:
718:
716:Cranial nerves
712:
711:
708:
707:
705:
704:
698:
696:
690:
689:
687:
686:
680:
678:
672:
671:
669:
668:
662:
660:
654:
653:
651:
650:
644:
642:
636:
635:
633:
632:
626:
624:
615:
611:
610:
607:
606:
604:
603:
601:Backpack palsy
598:
596:Winged scapula
592:
590:
584:
583:
581:
580:
575:
570:
564:
562:
556:
555:
553:
552:
547:
542:
540:Froment's sign
537:
531:
529:
523:
522:
520:
519:
514:
508:
506:
497:
489:
488:
485:Mononeuropathy
483:
476:
475:
469:
467:
466:
459:
452:
444:
435:
434:
431:
430:
418:
417:
415:
411:
410:
407:
406:
395:
384:
373:
358:
342:
337:
336:
334:
333:Classification
326:
325:External links
323:
322:
321:
310:
309:
273:
254:
237:
228:
221:
203:
187:
186:
184:
181:
180:
179:
172:
169:
163:
160:
156:Curt Rosenthal
147:
144:
139:
136:
115:
112:
107:
104:
98:
95:
66:
65:
52:
46:
45:
41:
40:
32:
31:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3002:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:Actinomycosis
2835:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:Sialodochitis
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2394:malocclusions
2391:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:Stafne defect
2360:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2313:Osteonecrosis
2311:
2309:
2308:Osteomyelitis
2306:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2181:Bones of jaws
2178:
2174:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:Periodontitis
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:Pericoronitis
2104:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:Granulomatous
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:Eruption cyst
2013:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:Pulp necrosis
1840:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1801:Dens in dente
1799:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:Discoloration
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:Lichen planus
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1375:Herpes zoster
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1350:Fordyce spots
1348:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1328:Erythroplakia
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:Caviar tongue
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1102:Ankyloglossia
1100:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:Sun poisoning
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
980:
975:
973:
968:
966:
961:
960:
957:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
911:
907:
903:
896:
892:
878:
875:
874:
872:
868:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
843:
841:
839:
835:
834:Radiculopathy
831:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
814:
812:
808:
804:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
740:
726:
722:
721:
719:
717:
713:
703:
700:
699:
697:
695:
694:sciatic nerve
691:
685:
682:
681:
679:
677:
673:
667:
664:
663:
661:
659:
658:plantar nerve
655:
649:
646:
645:
643:
641:
637:
631:
628:
627:
625:
623:
619:
616:
612:
602:
599:
597:
594:
593:
591:
589:
585:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
563:
561:
557:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
530:
528:
524:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
507:
505:
501:
498:
494:
490:
486:
481:
477:
473:
465:
460:
458:
453:
451:
446:
445:
442:
429:
425:
424:
420:
419:
416:
412:
405:
401:
400:
396:
394:
390:
389:
385:
383:
379:
378:
374:
372:
368:
367:
363:
359:
357:
353:
352:
348:
344:
343:
340:
335:
331:
324:
320:
319:
314:
313:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
277:
274:
269:
265:
258:
255:
252:
251:Who Named It?
248:
247:
241:
238:
232:
229:
224:
218:
214:
207:
204:
199:
192:
189:
182:
178:
175:
174:
170:
168:
161:
159:
157:
153:
145:
143:
137:
135:
133:
129:
125:
122:(NSAIDs) and
121:
113:
111:
105:
103:
96:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
62:
56:
53:
51:
47:
42:
38:
33:
29:
25:
20:
2876:
2825:
2752:
2688:Sialadenitis
2647:
2599:
2464:Scissor bite
2459:Retrognathia
2444:Overeruption
2424:Malocclusion
2397:
2277:
2236:
2227:Micrognathia
2180:
2171:Periapical,
2057:Desquamative
1981:
1962:Periodontium
1936:Acid erosion
1877:Taurodontism
1808:Open contact
1720:Enamel pearl
1688:Dilaceration
1651:Concrescence
1452:
1439:
1266:
1219:Cleft palate
1179:Microglossia
1174:Macroglossia
1159:Glossoptosis
1057:Microcheilia
1052:Macrocheilia
861:Phantom limb
640:tibial nerve
560:radial nerve
504:median nerve
421:
397:
386:
375:
360:
345:
315:
287:
283:
276:
267:
263:
257:
244:
240:
231:
212:
206:
191:
165:
149:
141:
117:
109:
100:
70:
69:
2882:Microstomia
2872:Macrostomia
2862:Gnathophyma
2779:Catathrenia
2774:Sleep apnea
2705:Sialectasis
2248:Dentigerous
2238:Odontogenic
2067:Plasma cell
2003:Gigantiform
1779:Microdontia
1769:Macrodontia
1740:Hyperdontia
1435:Oral cancer
1395:Leukoplakia
1303:Candidiasis
1263:Oral mucosa
1184:Rhabdomyoma
1164:Hypoglossia
1025:Plasma cell
527:ulnar nerve
290:: 475–501.
128:antibiotics
91:sarcoidosis
27:Other names
2969:Categories
2842:Angioedema
2648:Malignant:
2628:Oncocytoma
2454:Prognathia
2243:periapical
2222:Microgenia
2173:mandibular
2131:Aggressive
2052:Gingivitis
1993:Cementicle
1931:Abfraction
1921:Tooth wear
1914:Edentulism
1909:Tooth loss
1862:Resorption
1847:Pulp polyp
1830:Pulp stone
1774:Meth mouth
1745:Hypodontia
1735:Gemination
1666:Talon cusp
1559:Ulceration
1527:Stomatitis
1505:Pemphigoid
1453:Malignant:
1405:Linea alba
1390:Leukoedema
1370:Herpangina
1338:Giant-cell
838:plexopathy
807:Autoimmune
573:Wrist drop
550:Ulnar claw
399:DiseasesDB
183:References
73:is a rare
2710:Sialocele
2693:Parotitis
2434:Open bite
2429:Crossbite
2207:Cherubism
2177:maxillary
2010:Cementoma
1941:Attrition
1757:Impaction
1725:Fluorosis
1634:Anodontia
1629:Ankylosis
1517:Pemphigus
1137:Glossitis
1032:Cleft lip
1010:Cheilitis
931:Neuralgia
423:eMedicine
138:Prognosis
114:Treatment
106:Diagnosis
79:paralysis
55:Neurology
50:Specialty
2720:Sialosis
2671:Lymphoma
2543:Mucocele
2439:Overbite
2192:Agnathia
2153:Teething
1978:alveolus
1974:cementum
1926:Abrasion
1902:Occlusal
1887:Avulsion
1852:Pulpitis
1796:Odontoma
1542:Herpetic
1532:Aphthous
1042:Eclabium
304:70544781
196:Ngan V.
171:See also
162:Research
2806:Snoring
2764:Bruxism
2600:Benign:
2449:Overjet
2409:Bruxism
2303:Osteoma
2141:Chronic
1966:gingiva
1440:Benign:
1333:Fibroma
1020:Angular
1015:Actinic
909:General
428:derm/72
393:D008556
2548:Ranula
2020:Epulis
1882:Trauma
1730:Fusion
1639:Caries
1612:enamel
1608:dentin
1203:Palate
1091:Tongue
382:155900
302:
264:Hygiea
246:synd/9
219:
146:Eponym
57:
2925:Other
1600:Teeth
899:Other
870:Other
404:31963
371:351.8
356:G51.2
300:S2CID
97:Cause
2887:Noma
2392:and
2175:and
1980:) –
1604:pulp
999:Lips
836:and
809:and
764:HMSN
750:and
723:See
388:MeSH
377:OMIM
366:9-CM
217:ISBN
154:and
130:and
614:Leg
496:Arm
362:ICD
347:ICD
292:doi
288:131
249:at
89:or
2971::
2751:–
2396:–
2388:,
1976:,
1972:,
1968:,
1610:,
1606:,
1265:–
426::
402::
391::
380::
369::
354::
351:10
298:.
286:.
268:90
266:.
158:.
2240::
1964:(
1614:)
1602:(
978:e
971:t
964:v
463:e
456:t
449:v
364:-
349:-
339:D
306:.
294::
225:.
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