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minimal acoustical breakup of the cone material, ii) minimal standing wave patterns in the cone, and iii) linearity of the surrounds force-deflection curve. The cone stiffness/damping plus the surround's linearity/damping play a crucial role in accuracy of the reproduced voice coil signal waveform. This is the crux of high-fidelity stereo.
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The purpose of the cone/surround assembly is to accurately reproduce the voice coil signal waveform. Inaccurate reproduction of the voice coil signal results in acoustical distortion. The ideal for a cone/surround assembly is an extended range of linearity or "pistonic" motion characterized by i)
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intended to inter-convert mechanical vibrations to sounds, or vice versa. It is commonly constructed of a thin membrane or sheet of various materials, suspended at its edges. The varying air pressure of sound waves imparts mechanical vibrations to the diaphragm which can then be converted to some
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The surround may be resin-treated cloth, resin-treated non-wovens, polymeric foams, or thermoplastic elastomers over-molded onto the cone body. An ideal surround has a linear force-deflection curve with sufficient damping to fully absorb vibrational transmissions from the cone/surround interface,
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can be thought of as speakers in reverse. The sound waves strike the thin diaphragm, causing it to vibrate. Microphone diaphragms, unlike speaker diaphragms, tend to be thin and flexible, since they need to absorb as much sound as possible. In a condenser microphone, the diaphragm is placed in
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Paper-based cones account for approximately 85% of the cones sold worldwide. The ability of paper (cellulose) to be easily modified by chemical or mechanical means gives it a practical processing advantage not found in other common cone materials.
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If properly designed in terms of mass, stiffness, and damping, paper woofer/midrange cones can outperform many exotic drivers made from more expensive materials. Other materials used for diaphragms include
420:. In a dynamic microphone, the diaphragm is glued to a magnetic coil, similar to the one in a dynamic loudspeaker. (In fact, a dynamic speaker can be used as a rudimentary microphone, and vice versa.)
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and the "toughness" to withstand long-term vibration-induced fatigue. Sometimes the conical part and the outer surround are molded in one step and are one piece as commonly used for a
319:. A 12-inch-diameter (300 mm) paper woofer with a peak-to-peak excursion of 0.5 inches at 60 Hz undergoes a maximum acceleration of 92 "g"s.
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Quality midrange and bass drivers are usually made from paper, paper composites and laminates, plastic materials such as
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that converts the mechanical vibration imparted on the buttress from the recorded groove into sound. In the case of
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the reproducer converts the sound into the motion of the needle that scribes the groove on the recording media.
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other type of signal; examples of this type of diaphragm are found in
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The diaphragm in a microphone works similarly to the human
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reproducer, the diaphragm is a flat disk of typically
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489:Learn how and when to remove this message
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372:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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384:to additional sources at this section.
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338:Other types of speakers (such as
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158:diaphragms and are found in
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340:electrostatic loudspeakers
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66:"Diaphragm" acoustics
416:front of a plate and is
547:"How Microphones Work"
579:"Dynamic Microphone"
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277:polyetheretherketone
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565:"Condenser"
413:Microphones
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152:loudspeaker
144:microphones
593:Categories
533:References
503:phonograph
431:Other uses
346:Microphone
293:glassfibre
258:headphones
246:voice coil
154:cones and
139:transducer
107:April 2016
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599:Acoustics
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479:June 2022
450:does not
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382:citations
374:talk page
317:beryllium
309:magnesium
305:aluminium
214:June 2022
185:does not
160:air horns
135:diaphragm
131:acoustics
521:See also
301:titanium
242:membrane
156:earphone
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418:charged
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