Military Government of the Philippine Islands

781:; which would have provided a limited U.S. empire of pinpoint colonies to support a global fleet and provide communication links. In Paris, the commission was besieged with advice, particularly from American generals and European diplomats, to demand the entire Philippine archipelago. The unanimous recommendation was that "it would certainly be cheaper and more humane to take the entire Philippines than to keep only part of it." On October 28, 1898, McKinley wired the commission that "cessation of Luzon alone, leaving the rest of the islands subject to Spanish rule, or to be the subject of future contention, cannot be justified on political, commercial, or humanitarian grounds. The cessation must be the whole archipelago or none. The latter is wholly inadmissible, and the former must therefore be required." The Spanish negotiators were furious over the "immodist demands of a conqueror", but their wounded pride was assuaged by an offer of twenty million dollars for "Spanish improvements" to the islands. The Spaniards capitulated, and on December 10, 1898, the U.S. and Spain signed the 982:, who had been commissioned by the Philippine Revolutionary Government as Minister Plenipotentiary to negotiate treaties with foreign governments and had attempted to be seated at the negotiations between the US and Spain in Paris, was now in Washington. On January 6, he filed a request for an interview with the President to discuss affairs in the Philippines. The next day, the government officials were surprised to learn that messages to Otis to deal mildly with the rebels and not to force a conflict had become known to Agoncillo and had been cabled by him to Aguinaldo. At the same time, Aguinaldo's protest against General Otis signing himself "Military Governor of the Philippines" arrived. On January 8, Agoncillo stated, "In my opinion the Filipino people, whom I represent, will never consent to become a colony dependency of the United States. The soldiers of the Filipino army have pledged their lives that they will not lay down their arms until General Aguinaldo tells them to do so, and they will keep that pledge, I feel confident." 1210:

occupation, therefore, is the idea of a free, self-governing, and united Philippine commonwealth at all conceivable. And the indispensable need from the Filipino point of view of maintaining American sovereignty over the archipelago is recognized by all intelligent Filipinos and even by those insurgents who desire an American protectorate. The latter, it is true, would take the revenues and leave us the responsibilities. Nevertheless, they recognize the indubitable fact that the Filipinos cannot stand alone. Thus the welfare of the Filipinos coincides with the dictates of national honour in forbidding our abandonment of the archipelago. We cannot from any point of view escape the responsibilities of government which our sovereignty entails; and the commission is strongly persuaded that the performance of our national duty will prove the greatest blessing to the peoples of the Philippine Islands."

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nations, gave me the right to act without observing the usual rules of intercourse. Nevertheless, in order to be correct to the end, I sent to General Otis commissioners charged to solicit him to desist from his rash enterprise, but they were not listened to. My government can not remain indifferent in view of such a violent and aggressive seizure of a portion of its territory by a nation which arrogated to itself the title champion of oppressed nations. Thus it is that my government is disposed to open hostilities if the American troops attempt to take forcible possession of the Visayan Islands. I denounce these acts before the world, in order that the conscience of mankind may pronounce its infallable verdict as to who are the true oppressors of nations and the tormentors of human kind."

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reported to me by General MacArthur, whom I directed to communicate with the officer in command of the insurgent troops concerned. His prepared letter was shown me and approved, and the reply received was all that could be desired. However, the agreement was ignored by the insurgents and on the evening of February 4 another demonstration was made on one of our small outposts, which occupied a retired position at least 150 yards within the line which had been mutually agreed upon, an insurgent approaching the picket and refusing to halt or answer when challenged. The result was that our picket discharged his piece, when the insurgent troops near Santa Mesa opened a spirited fire on our troops there stationed.

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cloak of pretense of friendliness to the United States was to be kept up until the last. While commissioners were appointed to negotiate with General Otis, secret societies were organized in Manila pledged to obey orders of the most barbarous character to kill and burn. The attack from without and the attack from within was to be on a set day and hour. The strained situation could not last. The spark was applied, either inadvertently or by design, on the 4th of February by an insurgent, willfully transgressing upon what, by their own admission, was within the agreed limits of the holding of the American troops. Hostilities resulted and the war was an accomplished fact."

144: 60: 1031: 536: 74: 836: 898: 1254:, was granted legislative and limited executive powers. On September 1, the Taft Commission began to exercise legislative functions. Between September 1900 and August 1902, it issued 499 laws; established a judicial system, including a supreme court; drew up a legal code; and organized a civil service. The 1901 municipal code provided for popularly elected presidents, vice presidents, and councilors to serve on municipal boards. Members of the municipal boards were responsible for collecting taxes, maintaining municipal properties, undertaking necessary construction projects, and electing provincial governors. 711:. The negotiating parties made a secret agreement to stage a mock battle in which the Spanish forces would be defeated by the American forces, but the Filipino forces would not be allowed to enter the city. This plan minimized the risk of unnecessary casualties on all sides, while the Spanish would also avoid the shame of possibly having to surrender Intramuros to the Filipino forces. On the eve of the mock battle, General Anderson telegraphed Aguinaldo, "Do not let your troops enter Manila without the permission of the American commander. On this side of the Pasig River you will be under fire." 1409: 561: 1005:

attitude was well illustrated by this extract from a telegram sent by Colonel Cailles to Aguinaldo on January 10, 1899: "Most urgent. An American interpreter has come to tell me to withdraw our forces in Maytubig fifty paces. I shall not draw back a step, and in place of withdrawing, I shall advance a little farther. He brings a letter from his general, in which he speaks to me as a friend. I said that from the day I knew that Maquinley (McKinley) opposed our independence I did not want any dealings with any American. War, war, is what we want. The Americans after this speech went off pale."

1059: 1424: 926: 1045: 1263: 740:, and the virtually impregnable walls of Intramuros. In accordance with the plan, the Spanish forces withdrew while U.S. forces advanced. Once a sufficient show of battle had been made, Dewey hoisted the signal "D.W.H.B." (meaning "Do you surrender?), whereupon the Spanish hoisted a white flag and Manila was formally surrendered to U.S. forces. This battle marked the end of Filipino-American collaboration, as the American action of preventing Filipino forces from entering the captured city of Manila was deeply resented by the Filipinos. This later led to the 967:, the official newspaper of the Philippine Republic: "As in General Otis's proclamation he alluded to some instructions edited by His Excellency the President of the United States, referring to the administration of the matters in the Philippine Islands, I in the name of God, the root and fountain of all justice, and that of all the right which has been visibly granted to me to direct my dear brothers in the difficult work of our regeneration, protest most solemnly against this intrusion of the United States Government on the sovereignty of these islands. 690: 5072: 912: 715: 870: 763: 884: 1316: 853: 785:, formally ending the Spanish–American War. In Article III, Spain ceded the Philippine archipelago to the United States, as follows: "Spain cedes to the United States the archipelago known as the Philippine Islands, and comprehending the islands lying within the following line: . The United States will pay to Spain the sum of twenty million dollars ($ 20,000,000) within three months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty." 1159: 6034: 5418: 4809: 5065: 1240: 1084:

they were not completely prepared to assume the initiative. They desired two or three days more to perfect their arrangements, but the zeal of their army brought on the crisis which anticipated their premeditated action. They could not have delayed long, however, for it was their object to force an issue before American troops, then en route, could arrive in Manila.

6044: 1291:, which provided the President with the legislative authority to establish a civil government in the Philippines. Until then, the President had been administering the Philippines by virtue of his war powers. On July 1, 1901, civil government was inaugurated, with Taft as the Civil Governor. On February 3, 1903, the US Congress changed the title of 1083:

The insurgents had thus succeeded in drawing the fire of a small outpost, which they had evidently labored with all their ingenuity to accomplish, in order to justify in some way their premeditated attack. It is not believed that the chief insurgent leaders wished to open hostilities at this time, as

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A highly-centralized public school system was installed in 1901, using English as the medium of instruction. Since that created a heavy shortage of teachers, the Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring to the Philippines 600 teachers from the U.S., the so-called

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After the war had ended, and he had analyzed captured insurgent papers, Major Major J. R. M. Taylor wrote, "An attack on the United States forces was planned which should annihilate the little army in Manila, and delegations were appointed to secure the interference of foreign powers. The protecting

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reported on January 8 that two Americans who had been guarding a waterboat in Iloilo had been attacked, one fatally, and that insurgents were threatening to destroy the business section of the city by fire and that on January 10, a peaceful solution to the Iloilo issues may result but that Aguinaldo

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The Filipino committees in London, Paris, and Madrid around that time telegraphed to President McKinley: "We protest against the disembarkation of American troops at Iloilo. The treaty of peace still unratified, the American claim to sovereignty is premature. Pray reconsider the resolution regarding

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version had been sent to Aguinaldo, published it in both Spanish and Tagalog translations, which eventually made their way to Aguinaldo. Even before Aguinaldo received the unaltered version and observed the changes in the copy that he had received from Otis, Aguinaldo was already upset that Otis was

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arrived in Manila on March 4, 1899, a month after the Battle of Manila, which had begun armed conflict between US and revolutionary Filipino forces. The commission published a proclamation containing assurances that the US was "anxious to establish in the Philippine Islands an enlightened system of

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Aguinaldo of course promptly advanced the claim that his troops had been wantonly attacked. The plain fact is that the Insurgent patrol in question deliberately drew the fire of the American sentry, and this was just as much an act of war as was the firing of the shot. Whether the patrol was acting

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to the insurgents in 1898 to trouble the Americans. On January 1, 1899, news had come to Washington, D.C., from Manila that American forces, which had been sent to Iloilo under the command of General Marcus Miller, had been confronted by 6,000 armed Filipinos, who refused them permission to land. A

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Should our power by any fatality be withdrawn, the commission believe that the government of the Philippines would speedily lapse into anarchy, which would excuse, if it did not necessitate, the intervention of other powers and the eventual division of the islands among them. Only through American

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As when they had fought the Spanish, the Filipino rebels did not do well in the field. Aguinaldo and his provisional government escaped after the capture of Malolos on March 31, 1899, and they were driven into northern Luzon. Peace feelers from members of Aguinaldo's cabinet failed in May when the

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to the President of the Revolutionary Government, Malolos, from Sandico, Manila. January 8, 1899, 9.40 p.m., "In consequence of the order of General Rios to his officers, as soon as the Filipino attack begins the Americans should be driven into the Intramuros district and the walled city should be

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On January 5, Aguinaldo issued a counterproclamation that summarized what he saw as American violations of the ethics of friendship, particularly regarding the events in Iloilo. The proclamation concluded, "Such procedures, so foreign to the dictates of culture and the usages observed by civilized

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After meetings in April with revolutionary representatives, the commission requested authorization from McKinley to offer a specific plan. He authorized an offer of a government, consisting of "a Governor-General appointed by the President; cabinet appointed by the Governor-General; a general

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By January 10, insurgents were ready to assume the offensive but desired, if possible, to provoke the Americans into firing the first shot. They made no secret of their desire for conflict but increased their hostile demonstrations and pushed their lines forward into forbidden territory. Their

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On the night of February 2 they sent in a strong detachment to draw the fire of our outposts, which took up a position immediately in front and within a few yards of the same. The outpost was strengthened by a few of our men, who silently bore their taunts and abuse the entire night. This was

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Under the military government, initially with soldiers as teachers; civil and criminal courts were reestablished, including a supreme court; and local governments were established in towns and provinces. The first local election was conducted by General Harold W. Lawton on May 7, 1899, in

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Aguinaldo approved the hostile attitude of Cailles since a reply in his handwriting stated, "I approve and applaud what you have done with the Americans, and zeal and valour always, also my beloved officers and soldiers there. I believe that they are playing us until the arrival of their

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I equally protest in the name of the Filipino people against the said intrusion, because as they have granted their vote of confidence appointing me president of the nation, although I don't consider that I deserve such, therefore I consider it my duty to defend to death its liberty and

1307:. Free primary instruction to train the people for the duties of citizenship and avocation was enforced by the Taft Commission, according to instructions by McKinley. Also, the Catholic Church was disestablished, and a considerable amount of church land was purchased and redistributed. 1167:. Uncle Sam (representing the United States), gets entangled with rope around a tree, labeled "Imperialism," while he tries to subdue a bucking colt or mule, labeled "Philippines," and a figure, representing Spain, walks off over the horizon and carr ies a bag, labeled "$ 20,000,000." 956:

referred to as "Military Governor of the Philippines" in the unaltered version, which he had received from Otis (the unaltered version said "in the Philippines."). Aguinaldo did not miss the significance of the alteration, which Otis had made without authorization from Washington.

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On January 31, 1899, the Minister of Interior of the revolutionary First Philippine Republic, Teodoro Sandiko, signed a decree stating that President Aguinaldo had directed that all idle lands be planted to provide food for the people in view of impending war with the Americans.

947:. General Otis delayed its publication until January 4, 1899, and published a version that had been edited to avoid conveying the meanings of the terms "sovereignty," "protection," and "right of cessation," which occurred in the unedited version. Unknown to Otis, the 131: 132: 1197:

then arrested Paterno and most of his cabinet and returned Mabini and his cabinet to power. The commission then concluded, "The Filipinos are wholly unprepared for independence... there being no Philippine nation, but only a collection of different peoples."

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Article V of the peace protocol signed on August 12 had mandated negotiations to conclude a treaty of peace to begin in Paris not later than October 1, 1898. President McKinley sent a five-man commission, initially instructed to demand no more than Luzon,

799:, clarifying that the territories relinquished by Spain to the United States included any and all islands belonging to the Philippine Archipelago, but lying outside the lines described in the Treaty of Paris. That treaty explicitly named the islands of 943:

Filipino official styling himself "Presidente Lopez of the Federal Government of the Visayas" informed Miller that "foreign troops" would not land "without express orders from the central government of Luzon." On December 21, 1898, McKinley issued a

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On July 2, 1902, the Secretary of War telegraphed that the insurrection against the sovereign authority of the U.S. had come to an end, with provincial civil governments established, and so the office of Military Governor was terminated. On July 4,

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advisory council elected by the people." The Revolutionary Congress voted unanimously to cease fighting and to accept peace, and on May 8, the revolutionary cabinet, headed by Apolinario Mabini, was replaced by a new "peace" cabinet, headed by

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Thus began the Insurgent attack, so long and so carefully planned for. We learn from the Insurgent records that the shot of the American sentry missed its mark. There was no reason why it should have provoked a hot return fire, but it

1388:

Some sources have suggested that the war unofficially continued for nearly a decade since bands of guerrillas, quasi-religious armed groups, and other resistance groups continued to roam the countryside and to clash with U.S. Army or

2221: 1353:, who had succeeded to the presidency after the assassination of McKinley on September 5, 1901, proclaimed a full and complete pardon and amnesty to all persons in the Philippine archipelago who had participated in the conflict. 911: 1131:

On February 4, Aguinaldo declared, "That peace and friendly relations with the Americans be broken and that the latter be treated as enemies, within the limits prescribed by the laws of war." On June 2, 1899, the

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Specific recommendations included the establishment of civilian government as rapidly as possible (the American chief executive in the islands was then the military governor), including establishment of a

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The result of the ensuing combat was not at all what the Insurgents had anticipated. The Americans did not drive very well. It was but a short time before they themselves were routed and driven from their

932:

Young's Scouts, including Marcus W. Robertson(2nd from right, front row squatting), Richard Moses Longfellow (4th from right, front row squatting), Medal of Honor recipients. Picture taken in Philippines.

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On August 13, with American commanders unaware that a ceasefire had already been signed between Spain and the U.S. on the previous day, American forces captured the city of Manila from the Spanish in the

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Otis, taking both proclamations as a call to arms, strengthened American observation posts and alerted his troops. In the tense atmosphere, some 40,000 Filipinos fled Manila within a period of 15 days.

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was the final military governor. The position of military governor was abolished in July 1902, after which the civilian office Governor-General became the sole executive authority in the Philippines.

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patrols. The U.S. Army and the Philippine Constabulary continued hostilities against those resistance groups until 1913. Some historians consider these unofficial extensions to be part of the war.

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had also sent an enciphered copy of the proclamation to General Marcus Miller in Iloilo for informational purposes. Miller assumed that it was for distribution and, unaware that a politically-

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In the report, which they issued to the president the next year, the commissioners acknowledged Filipino aspirations for independence but declared that the Philippines was not ready for it.

6083: 2334:"The Philippine Climax; Peaceful Solution of the Iloilo Issue May Result To-day. Aguinaldo's Second Address He Threatened to Drive the Americans from the Islands – Manifesto Was Recalled" 5871: 1144:

American commander, General Ewell Otis, demanded an unconditional surrender. In 1901, Aguinaldo was captured and swore allegiance to the United States, which marked an end to the war.

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After some copies of that proclamation had been distributed, Aguinaldo ordered the recall of undistributed copies and issued another proclamation, which was published the same day in

3015: 1058: 5197: 4326: 3797: 3120: 2557: 897: 73: 59: 4957: 3904: 835: 6108: 3370: 646:, the procedure developed that as parts of the country were pacified and placed firmly under American control, responsibility for the area would be passed to the civilian. 6073: 792:, an industrialist and steel magnate, offered to buy the Philippines for $ 20 million and give it to the Filipinos so that they could be free of United States government. 1520: 788:

In the U.S., there was a movement for Philippine independence; some said that the U.S. had no right to a land where many of the people wanted self-government. In 1898

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Other sources name the two specific US soldiers involved in the first exchange of fire as Privates William Grayson and Orville Miller of the Nebraska Volunteers.

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of the Philippines reports that no census was conducted in that year. Another well regarded source estimates a population of seven million in 1898.

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Public Laws Enacted by the Philippine Legislature: During the Period from Sept. 1, 1900 to Nov. 14, 1935; Comprising Acts Nos. 1 to 4275

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During military rule (1898–1902), the U.S. military commander governed the Philippines under the authority of the U.S. president as

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Attack on the barracks of Company C of the 13th Minnesota Volunteers by Filipino forces during the Tondo Fire in Manila, 1899

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legislature, autonomous governments on the provincial and municipal levels, and a system of free public elementary schools.

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acting as military governor. General Merrit established this military government by proclamation on August 14, 1898.

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government under which the Philippine people may enjoy the largest measure of home rule and the amplest liberty."

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enacted and ratified a declaration of war on the United States, which was publicly proclaimed on that same day by

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The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History

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Little brown brother: how the United States purchased and pacified the Philippine Islands at the century's turn

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The Second Philippine Commission (the Taft Commission), appointed by McKinley on March 16, 1900, and headed by

1110: 1966: 5295: 5146: 4501: 4394: 3983: 3870: 3838: 3790: 3487: 2721: 1390: 1357: 1022: 944: 729: 707:. Admiral Dewey and General Merritt were able to work out a bloodless solution with acting Governor-General 678: 397: 368: 214: 3128:, Combined Arms Research Library, originally from War Department, Bureau of Insular Affairs, archived from 5982: 5289: 5027: 4723: 4675: 4619: 4579: 4404: 3831: 3711: 3519: 1334: 782: 762: 757: 703:

By June, U.S. and Filipino forces had taken control of most of the islands, except for the walled city of

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An 1898 census is reported by some sources to have yielded a count of 7,832,719 inhabitants. However, the

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The Story of the Philippines and Our New Possessions, Including the Ladrones, Hawaii, Cuba and Porto Rico

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The town of Jaro in the subdued Philippines prepared for the immediate arrival of Governor-General Taft.

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proclaimed that the Philippine–American War had ended on April 16, 1902, with the surrender of General

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reinforcements, but I shall send an ultimatum and remain always on the alert.--E. A. Jan. 10, 1899."

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José Roca de Togores y Saravia; Remigio Garcia; National Historical Institute (Philippines) (2003).

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John Hay, Secretary of State, signing the memorandum of ratification on behalf of the United States

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On March 3, 1901, the U.S. Congress passed the Army Appropriation Act containing (along with the

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In 1901, a civil governor was appointed, but the military retained authority in disturbed areas.

2140:"Treaty between Spain and the United States for Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines" 5917: 5817: 5724: 5695: 5689: 5571: 5559: 5525: 5489: 5343: 5331: 5271: 4997: 4892: 4746: 4611: 3932: 3748: 3741: 3605: 3242:

The Philippines belonged to, but were not a part of, the United States. See the page for the

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Wikisource:Letter from E.S. Otis to the inhabitants of the Philippine Islands, January 4, 1899

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The text of the amended version, published by General Otis, is quoted in its entirety in

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The Philippines: To the End of the Commission Government, a Study in Tropical Democracy

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Iloilo. Filipinos wish for the friendship of America and abhor militarism and deceit."

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The Contested State: American Foreign Policy and Regime Change in the Philippines

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had issued a proclamation threatening to drive the Americans from the islands.

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On November 2, 1899, the commission issued a preliminary report that stayted:

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Emilio Aguinaldo's quarters in Manila following his capture by the Americans.

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Benevolent Assimilation: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899-1903

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Worcester gave General Otis' account of the opening of active hostilities,

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Chronology for the Philippine Islands and Guam in the Spanish–American War

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The laws of the first Philippine Republic (the laws of Malolos) 1898–1899

1834:"General Amnesty for the Filipinos; Proclamation Issued by the President" 1365: 2742:, Philippine Department of Interior and Local Government, archived from 1475: 1471: 1333:

establishing the Philippine Commission and stipulated that a bicameral

4824: 2967:, Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library (published 1972) 2607:"The Philippine Bill of 1902: Turning Point in Philippine Legislation" 3252: 1730:"Population of the Philippines : />Census Years 1799 to 2010" 939: 744:(1899–1902), which would prove to be more deadly and costly than the 627:

on August 14, 1898, a day after the capture of Manila, with General

2518:. Vol. 7, no. 2214. Fredericksburg, Va. November 3, 1899. 1314: 1261: 1238: 1157: 1102:

under proper orders from higher authority is not definitely known.

761: 713: 688: 2145:. University of the Philippines. November 7, 1900. Archived from 5757: 774: 5436: 4828: 3256: 1732:. National Statistics Office of the Philippines. Archived from 1215:

Report Philippine Commission, Vol. I, November 3, 1899. p. 183.

1065:

Surrendered President Aguinaldo boards the USS Vicksburg, 1900.

2112: 1337:

would be established, composed of an elected lower house, the

807:

and their dependencies as among the relinquished territories.

2943:

Face of empire: United States-Philippine relations, 1898–1946

989:

On January 8, Aguinaldo received the following message from

613:

Pamahalaang Militar ng Estados Unidos sa Kapuluang Pilipinas

2812:(Eighth ed.), University of the Philippines, pp. 2657:

Historical Perspective of the Philippine Educational System

653:

as military governor, who in turn was succeeded by General

2876:"Conquest and Coercion: Early U.S. Colonialism, 1899–1916" 1329:

of July 1902 approved, ratified, and confirmed McKinley's

1172:

McKinley had appointed a five-person group, headed by Dr.

3111:, vol. 2, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office 2776:

Philippines; United States Philippine Commission (1904).

3071:(4th edition, reprint ed.), Yale University Press, 904:

American troops guarding the bridge over the River Pasig

719:"Insurgent (Filipino) soldiers in the Philippines, 1899" 3183:

Decolonizing the History of the Philippine–American War

2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 1400: 3109:

Annual Report of the Major-General Commanding the Army

2390: 2388: 2359: 2357: 694:

Photo of American soldiers guarding a bridge over the

2538: 2536: 2534: 5353: 5262: 5231: 5160: 5112: 5079: 4933: 4545: 4459: 4336: 4112: 4041: 3949: 3894: 3807: 3347: 2609:. National Historical Commission of the Philippines 795:On November 7, 1900, Spain and the U.S. signed the 503: 489: 480: 459: 446: 433: 420: 407: 394: 379: 364: 352: 334: 312: 300: 288: 276: 262: 246: 234: 220: 206: 182: 169: 153: 23: 3087:"The First Phase of United States Rule, 1898–1935" 2207:. National Historical Institute. pp. 148–50. 732:. The battle started when Dewey's ships bombarded 5846:and other inhabited territories governed by the 2183: 2181: 2050: 2048: 18:1898–1902 U.S. administration of the Philippines 3192:The Philippines: Past and Present (vol. 1 of 2) 2108:"Andrew Carnegie timeline of events at PBS.org" 1207: 1074: 2986:The Story of the Philippines by Murat Halstead 1397:Comparisons with the First Philippine Republic 5448: 4840: 4135:Theodore Roosevelt Center and Digital Library 3268: 2528:Report Philippine Commission, Vol. I, p. 183. 1828: 1826: 1824: 597:Military Government of the Philippine Islands 30: 8: 6084:Philippines–United States military relations 5125:Insular Government of the Philippine Islands 2660:, RP Department of education, archived from 1678:Insular Government of the Philippine Islands 1418: 555:Insular Government of the Philippine Islands 4265:Theodore Roosevelt United States Courthouse 3185:, by Paul A. Kramer dated December 8, 2005) 3122:Compilation of Philippine Insurgent Records 2932:Campaigning in the Philippines: Illustrated 2763: 2722:"Presidential Proclamation No. 173 S. 2002" 1945:The World of 1898: the Spanish–American War 1922:The World of 1898: The Spanish–American War 1534:Military Governor of the Philippine Islands 158:Administered territory of the United States 92: 6109:United States involvement in regime change 5455: 5441: 5433: 4847: 4833: 4825: 3275: 3261: 3253: 142: 20: 6074:1902 disestablishments in the Philippines 4988:North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 3991:"Citizenship in a Republic" (1910 speech) 2969:(English translation by Sulpicio Guevara) 2704: 2494: 2414: 2394: 2363: 2280: 2268: 2257: 2023: 1907: 649:General Merritt was succeeded by General 3878:Smithsonian–Roosevelt African expedition 2857:Neocolonialism American Style, 1960-2000 2778:"Military Proclamation, August 14, 1898" 2627: 2438: 2169: 2035: 1785: 3235: 2836:, University of the Philippines Press, 2687:, Chan Robles law library, July 1, 1902 2542: 2379: 1815: 1699: 1356:On April 9, 2002, Philippine president 1026: 945:Proclamation of Benevolent Assimilation 831: 605:Gobierno Militar de las Islas Filipinas 577: 479: 6069:1898 establishments in the Philippines 5892:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 5099:Creation of the Supreme Court Building 4923:Solicitor General of the United States 4087:United States presidential elections: 3170:, History Book Club (published 2005), 3017:The Development of Philippine Politics 2852:"9. Losing Stature in the Philippines" 2426: 2292: 2245: 2187: 2078: 2066: 2054: 2004: 1895: 1710:. The ASWANG Project. October 22, 2016 1663:History of the Philippines (1898–1946) 5130:Philippines Civil Governor, 1901–1904 4354:"Speak softly, and carry a big stick" 3885:"River of Doubt" Amazonian expedition 2946:, Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2642: 2569: 2553: 2482: 2470: 2454: 2410: 2233: 2090: 2008: 1989: 1883: 1800: 1246:, governor general of the Philippines 488: 484: 458: 445: 432: 419: 406: 393: 378: 363: 359: 311: 299: 287: 275: 271: 261: 245: 233: 229: 219: 163:Unincorporated, unorganized territory 7: 6043: 5013:Commission on Economy and Efficiency 4251:Roosevelt Memorial, Portland, Oregon 4006:Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography 1967:"Our flag is now waving over Manila" 1868: 1853: 542:Captaincy General of the Philippines 5249:1912 Republican National Convention 5239:1908 Republican National Convention 5173:Birthplace, home, and historic site 4912:Governor-General of the Philippines 3497:Northern Securities Company breakup 3310:Vice President of the United States 2833:Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic 811:Philippine–American War (1899–1902) 5480:Organized incorporated territories 4871:Chief Justice of the United States 4286:Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Bridge 3977:"The Strenuous Life" (1899 speech) 3045:Lacsamana, Leodivico Cruz (2006), 2786:. Bureau of Printing. p. 567. 2724:. Official Gazette. April 9, 2002. 859:Battle of Quingua, April 23, 1899 14: 5023:United States Chamber of Commerce 3467:United States Reclamation Service 3337:New York City Police Commissioner 3065:Miller, Stuart Creighton (1984), 3048:Philippine history and government 2903:The Philippines: A Past Revisited 2830:Agoncillo, Teodoro Andal (1997), 2806:"11. The Revolution Second Phase" 1565:Prime Minister of the Philippines 1415:United States Military Government 1258:Establishment of civil government 1140:, the President of the Assembly. 1111:The Philippines: Past and Present 698:after the battle, August 13, 1898 6094:Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt 6042: 6033: 6032: 5844:United Nations trust territories 5464:Territories of the United States 5417: 5416: 5070: 5063: 4808: 4807: 4536:Barnes vs. Roosevelt libel trial 4376:Terrible Teddy, the Grizzly King 4228:Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park 4200:Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins 4149:Theodore Roosevelt National Park 4058:Republican National Convention: 3905:Birthplace, boyhood home replica 3770:State of the Union Address, 1901 3705:Department of Commerce and Labor 3212:The Philippines: A Unique Nation 3150:, University of Nebraska Press, 2684:The Philippine Bill of July 1902 1422: 1407: 1057: 1043: 1029: 924: 910: 896: 882: 868: 851: 834: 559: 534: 126: 72: 58: 5898:American Concession in Shanghai 5254:1912 U.S. presidential election 5244:1908 U.S. presidential election 5033:State of the Union Address 1912 3960:Theodore Roosevelt bibliography 3578:Federal Employers Liability Act 3474:National Wildlife Refuge System 3329:Assistant Secretary of the Navy 3189:Worcester, Dean Conant (1914), 3014:Kalaw, Maximo Manguiat (1927), 2919:Elliott, Charles Burke (1917), 2605:Piedad-Pugay, Chris Antonette. 1683:Commonwealth of the Philippines 1271:addressing the audience at the 1017:Outbreak of general hostilities 6089:Presidency of William McKinley 5904:American concession of Tianjin 4904:United States Secretary of War 4882:President of the United States 4193:Theodore Roosevelt Association 3848:"Bull Moose" Progressive Party 3798:Federal judiciary appointments 3445:Devils Tower National Monument 3299:President of the United States 3215:, All-Nations Publishing Co., 2961:Guevara, Sulpico, ed. (2005), 2860:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2850:Blanchard, William H. (1996), 2810:History of the Filipino People 1486:President of the United States 736:, a decrepit structure on the 1: 5378:Backstairs at the White House 5008:Pinchot–Ballinger controversy 4973:Federal Corrupt Practices Act 4628:Cornelius V. S. Roosevelt III 4258:Proposed presidential library 4156:Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness 4025:Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia 3912:Sagamore Hill Home and Museum 3666:Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 3089:, in Dolan, Ronald E. (ed.), 2994:Jernegan, Prescott F (2009), 1108:Dean Conant Worcester. 1914. 642:. After the appointment of a 322:(jointly with Civil Governor 5495:U.S. territorial sovereignty 5142:1906–1909 Occupation of Cuba 5018:U.S. occupation of Nicaragua 4893:Provisional Governor of Cuba 4179:Roosevelt Park (San Antonio) 4052:1898 New York state election 3527:Food and Drug Administration 3459:United States Forest Service 3452:Muir Woods National Monument 3092:Philippines: A Country Study 3051:, Phoenix Publishing House, 2884:, Rowman & Littlefield, 2204:Blockade and siege of Manila 1505:President of the Philippines 1450:War powers authority of the 1343:United States Bill of Rights 1229:Second Philippine Commission 845:and his troops, around 1898. 738:southern outskirts of Manila 201:Languages in the Philippines 5003:Defense Secrets Act of 1911 4244:Theodore Roosevelt Monument 3728:Inland Waterways Commission 3403:Booker T. Washington dinner 3085:Seekins, Donald M. (1993), 1148:First Philippine Commission 965:El Heraldo de la Revolucion 6125: 5745:Unincorporated territories 5208:High school (New York City 4142:White House Roosevelt Room 3147:The war with Spain in 1898 2740:Philippine National Police 2587:, U.S. Library of Congress 1948:, U.S. Library of Congress 1925:, U.S. Library of Congress 1673:Second Philippine Republic 1615:Philippine Republican Army 1610:United States Armed Forces 1232: 1163:1899 political cartoon by 1151: 1020: 820: 814: 755: 682: 676: 640:United States Armed Forces 584:National Statistics Office 6028: 5930: 5913: 5856: 5839: 5753: 5740: 5503: 5470: 5396: 5061: 4983:Apportionment Act of 1911 4978:Wireless Ship Act of 1910 4862: 4773: 4740:Robert Barnhill Roosevelt 4700:Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt 4279:Theodore Roosevelt Bridge 4172:Roosevelt National Forest 4165:Theodore Roosevelt Island 3691:College football meetings 3290: 1668:First Philippine Republic 823:First Philippine Republic 752:Spanish–American War ends 575: 513: 499: 485: 476: 360: 330: 272: 258: 230: 141: 114: 88: 54: 49: 27:of the Philippine Islands 5830:Northern Mariana Islands 5302:Robert Alphonso Taft Jr. 5152:National War Labor Board 4963:Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act 4684:Martha Bulloch Roosevelt 4652:Joseph Willard Roosevelt 4293:Theodore Roosevelt Award 3599:Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty 3417:Newlands Reclamation Act 3209:Zaide, Sonia M. (1994), 3144:Trask, David F. (1996), 3025:Karnow, Stanley (1990), 2983:Halstead, Murat (1918), 2973:Halstead, Murat (1898), 2940:Golay, Frank H. (1997), 2802:Agoncillo, Teodoro Andal 1755:Tucker, Spencer (2009). 1447:Constitutional Document 1277:Manila Grand Opera House 938:The Spanish had yielded 828:Escalatation of tensions 6104:Provisional governments 6079:Former colonies in Asia 5296:William Howard Taft III 5147:League to Enforce Peace 4502:League to Enforce Peace 3984:League to Enforce Peace 3871:Boone and Crockett Club 3839:Battle of San Juan Hill 3698:Bureau of Investigation 3488:Conference of Governors 1971:San Francisco Chronicle 1391:Philippine Constabulary 1358:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 1023:Battle of Manila (1899) 861:Philippine–American War 817:Philippine–American War 742:Philippine–American War 679:Battle of Manila (1898) 581: 578: 215:transitional government 5346:(paternal grandfather) 5290:Charles Phelps Taft II 5137:Taft–Katsura agreement 5028:Ceremonial first pitch 4747:Anna Eleanor Roosevelt 4732:James Alfred Roosevelt 4724:James Stephens Bulloch 4692:Anna "Bamie" Roosevelt 4676:Theodore Roosevelt Sr. 4580:Theodore Roosevelt III 4406:Teddy, the Rough Rider 4186:Roosevelt Study Center 3832:Battle of Las Guasimas 3712:Bureau of Corporations 3659:1906 Nobel Peace Prize 3520:Pure Food and Drug Act 2997:The Philippine Citizen 1335:Philippine Legislature 1327:Philippine Organic Act 1322: 1280: 1247: 1212: 1169: 1105: 876:Battle before Caloocan 769: 758:Treaty of Paris (1898) 724: 700: 644:civil Governor-General 93: 34:de las Islas Filipinas 31: 5485:Territorial evolution 5094:Judiciary Act of 1925 5043:Judicial appointments 4789:William Howard Taft → 4755:Gracie Hall Roosevelt 4660:Edith Roosevelt Derby 4620:Theodore Roosevelt IV 4596:Ethel Carow Roosevelt 3968:The Naval War of 1812 3862:Assassination attempt 3763:White House West Wing 3246:for more information. 3020:, Oriental commercial 3000:, BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2935:. Hicks-Judd Company. 1636:Official Language(s) 1594:Philippine Commission 1551:Arthur MacArthur, Jr. 1368:and in the Cities of 1318: 1265: 1242: 1182:Philippine Commission 1161: 765: 734:Fort San Antonio Abad 717: 692: 345:Philippine Commission 307:Arthur MacArthur, Jr. 183:Common languages 5402:← Theodore Roosevelt 5278:Robert Alphonso Taft 5089:Supreme Court career 4958:Income Tax amendment 4644:Kermit Roosevelt Jr. 4636:Quentin Roosevelt II 4528:Roosevelt Republican 4032:Archival collections 3818:Spanish–American War 3735:Bureau of the Census 3652:Treaty of Portsmouth 3564:Aldrich–Vreeland Act 3424:Transfer Act of 1905 3321:Governor of New York 3164:Wolff, Leon (2006), 3101:Otis, Elwell Stephen 2929:Faust, K.I. (1899). 2120:on November 24, 2016 1761:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1457:Malolos Constitution 1345:to the Philippines. 1174:Jacob Gould Schurman 994:set on fire. Pipi." 949:US Department of War 890:Battle of Santa Cruz 797:Treaty of Washington 746:Spanish–American War 685:Spanish–American War 437:Capture of Aguinaldo 6099:William Howard Taft 5922:uninhabited islands 5824:U.S. Virgin Islands 5326:Charles Phelps Taft 5198:U.S. Postage stamps 4856:William Howard Taft 4716:Cornelius Roosevelt 4604:Archibald Roosevelt 4572:Alice Lee Roosevelt 4468:Political positions 4386:Roosevelt in Africa 4327:U.S. postage stamps 4235:Monument Assemblage 3919:Maltese Cross Cabin 3629:Roosevelt Corollary 3571:Tillman Act of 1907 3536:Meat Inspection Act 3513:Coal strike of 1902 3380:Second inauguration 2989:, Project Gutenberg 2899:Constantino, Renato 2874:Blitz, Amy (2000), 2645:, p. 281 Ch.21 2572:, p. 280 Ch.21 1886:, p. 279 Ch.21 1530:Head of Government 1430:Philippine Republic 1339:Philippine Assembly 1311:Official end to war 1273:Philippine Assembly 1269:William Howard Taft 1252:William Howard Taft 1244:William Howard Taft 1154:Schurman Commission 1051:Filipino casualties 623:established by the 617:military government 465:Organic Act enacted 450:Surrender of Malvar 324:William Howard Taft 148:Philippines in 1901 25:Military Government 5386:Theodore Roosevelt 5338:Horace Dutton Taft 5284:Helen Taft Manning 4780:← William McKinley 4668:Theodora Roosevelt 4564:Edith Kermit Carow 4556:Alice Hathaway Lee 4436:Theodore Roosevelt 4428:, 2014 documentary 4388:, 1910 documentary 4302:Theodore Roosevelt 3645:Russo-Japanese War 3638:Occupation of Cuba 3592:Big stick ideology 3364:First inauguration 3284:Theodore Roosevelt 3132:on October 3, 2008 2343:, January 10, 1899 2341:The New York Times 2313:The New York Times 2152:on March 26, 2012. 2007:, pp. 123–4, 1841:The New York Times 1497:Theodore Roosevelt 1351:Theodore Roosevelt 1323: 1281: 1248: 1178:Cornell University 1170: 998:The New York Times 843:Gregorio del Pilar 770: 725: 721:(original caption) 701: 636:Commander-in-Chief 411:Capture of Malolos 253:Theodore Roosevelt 110:"Out of many, one" 6056: 6055: 5920:claims and other 5918:Guano Islands Act 5818:Panama Canal Zone 5490:Thirteen Colonies 5430: 5429: 5389:(2022 miniseries) 5381:(1979 miniseries) 5344:Peter Rawson Taft 5332:Henry Waters Taft 5272:Helen Herron Taft 5178:Malacañang Palace 5055:First Oval Office 4998:Radio Act of 1912 4948:1909 inauguration 4822: 4821: 4708:Corinne Roosevelt 4612:Quentin Roosevelt 4438:, 2022 miniseries 4418:, 1997 miniseries 4018:magazine articles 3749:Perdicaris affair 3742:Great White Fleet 3622:Venezuelan crisis 3606:Panama Canal Zone 3177:978-1-58288-209-3 3157:978-0-8032-9429-5 3117:Taylor, John R.M. 3078:978-0-300-03081-5 3058:978-971-06-1894-1 3038:978-0-7126-3732-9 3007:978-1-115-97139-3 2953:978-971-550-254-2 2843:978-971-542-096-9 2485:, pp. 50–51. 2315:, January 8, 1899 2283:, pp. 357–8. 2214:978-971-538-167-3 1772:978-1-85109-951-1 1654: 1653: 1600:National Assembly 1570:Apolinario Mabini 1442:January 23, 1899 1384:Later hostilities 1289:Spooner Amendment 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Archived from 2104: 2098: 2088: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2064: 2058: 2052: 2043: 2033: 2027: 2021: 2015: 2002: 1996: 1987: 1981: 1980: 1979: 1977: 1963: 1957: 1956: 1955: 1953: 1940: 1934: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1917: 1911: 1905: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1875: 1866: 1860: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1838: 1830: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1798: 1792: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1726: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1704: 1576:Pedro A. Paterno 1523: 1510:Emilio Aguinaldo 1491:William McKinley 1439:August 14, 1898 1428: 1426: 1425: 1413: 1411: 1410: 1401: 1321: 1297:Governor-General 1279: 1216: 1168: 1138:Pedro A. Paterno 1134:Malolos Congress 1115: 1066: 1061: 1052: 1047: 1038: 1033: 980:Felipe Agoncillo 933: 928: 919: 914: 905: 900: 891: 886: 877: 872: 863: 855: 846: 838: 768: 730:Battle of Manila 723: 699: 667:Baliuag, Bulacan 657:. Major General 655:Arthur MacArthur 563: 562: 551: 550: 538: 537: 531: 530: 515: 514: 468: 403:February 4, 1899 241:William McKinley 172:and largest city 146: 135: 134: 108: 100: 76: 62: 44: 36: 32:Gobierno Militar 21: 6124: 6123: 6119: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6114: 6113: 6059: 6058: 6057: 6052: 6024: 5935:Phoenix Islands 5926: 5909: 5886:Volcano Islands 5852: 5835: 5749: 5736: 5499: 5466: 5461: 5431: 5426: 5392: 5366:Progressive Era 5349: 5258: 5227: 5161:Life and legacy 5156: 5120:Taft Commission 5108: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5059: 4993:Mann–Elkins Act 4937: 4929: 4918: 4910: 4899: 4888: 4877: 4866: 4858: 4853: 4823: 4818: 4806: 4799:← Garret Hobart 4797: 4786: 4777: 4769: 4761: 4753: 4745: 4738: 4730: 4722: 4714: 4706: 4698: 4690: 4682: 4674: 4670:(granddaughter) 4666: 4662:(granddaughter) 4658: 4650: 4642: 4634: 4626: 4618: 4610: 4602: 4594: 4586: 4578: 4570: 4562: 4554: 4541: 4534: 4525: 4516: 4507: 4500: 4489: 4482: 4473: 4466: 4455: 4443: 4433: 4423: 4413: 4403: 4393: 4383: 4373: 4366: 4359: 4352: 4345: 4338: 4332: 4325: 4318: 4298: 4291: 4284: 4277: 4272:Roosevelt River 4270: 4263: 4256: 4249: 4242: 4233: 4226: 4217: 4210: 4205: 4198: 4191: 4184: 4177: 4170: 4163: 4154: 4147: 4140: 4133: 4126: 4119: 4108: 4101: 4094: 4086: 4079: 4072: 4065: 4057: 4050: 4037: 4030: 4023: 4013: 4003: 3996: 3989: 3982: 3975: 3965: 3958: 3951: 3945: 3938: 3933:Pine Knot cabin 3931: 3924: 3917: 3910: 3903: 3896: 3890: 3883: 3876: 3869: 3860: 3855:New Nationalism 3853: 3846: 3837: 3830: 3823: 3816: 3809: 3803: 3796: 3789: 3782: 3775: 3768: 3761: 3754: 3747: 3740: 3733: 3726: 3721:Keep Commission 3719: 3710: 3703: 3696: 3689: 3680: 3673: 3664: 3657: 3650: 3643: 3636: 3627: 3620: 3611: 3604: 3597: 3590: 3583: 3576: 3569: 3562: 3555: 3548: 3541: 3534: 3525: 3518: 3511: 3502: 3495: 3486: 3479: 3472: 3465: 3457: 3450: 3443: 3436: 3431:Antiquities Act 3429: 3422: 3415: 3408: 3401: 3392: 3385: 3378: 3369: 3362: 3351: 3343: 3335: 3327: 3316: 3305: 3294: 3286: 3281: 3251: 3250: 3241: 3237: 3232: 3223: 3208: 3203: 3188: 3181:(Introduction, 3178: 3163: 3158: 3143: 3135: 3133: 3125: 3115: 3099: 3084: 3079: 3064: 3059: 3044: 3039: 3024: 3013: 3008: 2993: 2982: 2972: 2960: 2954: 2939: 2928: 2918: 2913: 2897: 2892: 2873: 2868: 2849: 2844: 2829: 2824: 2800: 2797: 2792: 2791: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2762: 2758: 2749: 2747: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2703: 2699: 2690: 2688: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2667: 2665: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2641: 2637: 2626: 2622: 2612: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2590: 2588: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2568: 2564: 2552: 2548: 2541: 2532: 2527: 2523: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2493: 2489: 2481: 2477: 2469: 2465: 2453: 2449: 2437: 2433: 2425: 2421: 2409: 2405: 2393: 2386: 2378: 2374: 2362: 2355: 2346: 2344: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2327: 2318: 2316: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2299: 2291: 2287: 2279: 2275: 2267: 2263: 2256: 2252: 2244: 2240: 2232: 2228: 2219: 2215: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2186: 2179: 2168: 2157: 2149: 2142: 2138: 2137: 2133: 2123: 2121: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2089: 2085: 2077: 2073: 2069:, pp. 20–1 2065: 2061: 2053: 2046: 2034: 2030: 2022: 2018: 2003: 1999: 1988: 1984: 1975: 1973: 1965: 1964: 1960: 1951: 1949: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1928: 1926: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1906: 1902: 1894: 1890: 1882: 1878: 1867: 1863: 1852: 1848: 1843:. July 4, 1902. 1836: 1832: 1831: 1822: 1814: 1810: 1799: 1795: 1784: 1780: 1773: 1754: 1753: 1749: 1739: 1737: 1736:on July 4, 2012 1728: 1727: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1706: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1659: 1592: 1519: 1423: 1421: 1408: 1406: 1399: 1386: 1331:executive order 1319: 1313: 1285:Platt Amendment 1266: 1260: 1237: 1235:Taft Commission 1231: 1218: 1214: 1176:, president of 1162: 1156: 1150: 1129: 1117: 1107: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1025: 1019: 991:Teodoro Sandiko 971:independence." 934: 931: 929: 920: 917: 915: 906: 903: 901: 892: 889: 887: 878: 875: 873: 864: 858: 856: 847: 841: 839: 830: 825: 819: 813: 790:Andrew Carnegie 783:Treaty of Paris 766: 760: 754: 718: 709:Fermín Jáudenes 693: 687: 681: 675: 589: 560: 535: 508:Philippine peso 492: 469: 462: 452: 439: 426: 424:Taft Commission 413: 400: 387: 384:Treaty of Paris 375:August 14, 1898 372: 347: 343: 341: 321: 315: 303: 291: 279: 249: 237: 213: 198: 173: 161: 149: 137: 136: 127: 123: 109: 102: 96:E pluribus unum 84: 83: 82: 77: 69: 68: 63: 45: 38: 33: 28: 26: 19: 12: 11: 5: 6122: 6120: 6112: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6061: 6060: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6050: 6040: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6022: 6016: 6015:(1899–present) 6010: 6009:(1898–present) 6004: 5998: 5997:(1867–present) 5992: 5991:(1867–present) 5989:Howland Island 5986: 5980: 5979:(1860–present) 5974: 5973:(1858–present) 5971:Navassa Island 5968: 5967:(1858–present) 5965:Johnston Atoll 5962: 5961:(1858–present) 5956: 5955:(1857–present) 5950: 5944: 5938: 5931: 5928: 5927: 5925: 5924: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5907: 5901: 5895: 5889: 5883: 5877: 5876: 5875: 5869: 5861:Ryukyu Islands 5857: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5850: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5833: 5832:(1986–present) 5827: 5826:(1917–present) 5821: 5815: 5814:(1899–present) 5812:American Samoa 5809: 5808: 5807: 5801: 5795: 5786: 5785: 5784: 5778: 5772: 5761: 5760:(1898–present) 5754: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5747: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5734: 5728: 5722: 5721: 5720: 5714: 5708: 5699: 5693: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5669: 5663: 5657: 5651: 5645: 5639: 5638: 5637: 5631: 5622: 5616: 5610: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5596: 5590: 5584: 5575: 5569: 5563: 5557: 5551: 5545: 5535: 5529: 5523: 5517: 5511: 5504: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5460: 5459: 5452: 5445: 5437: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5424: 5413: 5412: 5405: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5390: 5382: 5374: 5368: 5363: 5357: 5355: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5329: 5323: 5317: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5293: 5287: 5281: 5275: 5268: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5235: 5233: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5183:Woodbury Point 5180: 5175: 5170: 5164: 5162: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5133: 5132: 5127: 5116: 5114: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5085: 5083: 5080:Chief Justice, 5077: 5076: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5057: 5052: 5051: 5050: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4944: 4942: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4927: 4916: 4908: 4897: 4886: 4875: 4863: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4844: 4837: 4829: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4816: 4803: 4802: 4794: 4793: 4784: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4767: 4759: 4751: 4743: 4736: 4728: 4720: 4712: 4704: 4696: 4688: 4680: 4672: 4664: 4656: 4648: 4640: 4632: 4624: 4616: 4608: 4600: 4592: 4584: 4576: 4568: 4560: 4551: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4539: 4532: 4523: 4514: 4505: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4480: 4471: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4453: 4452: 4451: 4441: 4431: 4426:The Roosevelts 4421: 4411: 4401: 4391: 4381: 4364: 4357: 4350: 4342: 4340: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4330: 4323: 4320:Roosevelt Road 4316: 4296: 4289: 4282: 4275: 4268: 4261: 4254: 4247: 4240: 4239: 4238: 4224: 4223: 4222: 4215: 4203: 4196: 4189: 4182: 4175: 4168: 4161: 4160: 4159: 4145: 4138: 4131: 4128:Mount Rushmore 4124: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4106: 4099: 4092: 4084: 4077: 4070: 4063: 4055: 4047: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4035: 4028: 4021: 4011: 4001: 3994: 3987: 3980: 3973: 3963: 3955: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3943: 3936: 3929: 3922: 3915: 3908: 3900: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3889: 3888: 3881: 3874: 3867: 3866: 3865: 3858: 3844: 3843: 3842: 3835: 3828: 3813: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3801: 3794: 3787: 3780: 3773: 3766: 3759: 3752: 3745: 3738: 3731: 3724: 3717: 3716: 3715: 3701: 3694: 3687: 3686: 3685: 3682:Roosevelt Hall 3671: 3670: 3669: 3662: 3655: 3641: 3634: 3633: 3632: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3609: 3595: 3588: 3581: 3574: 3567: 3560: 3553: 3546: 3543:Expediting Act 3539: 3532: 3531: 3530: 3516: 3509: 3508: 3507: 3493: 3492: 3491: 3484: 3481:Roosevelt Arch 3477: 3470: 3463: 3455: 3448: 3441: 3438:Pelican Island 3434: 3427: 3420: 3406: 3399: 3390: 3387:Foreign policy 3383: 3376: 3375: 3374: 3359: 3357: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3341: 3333: 3325: 3314: 3303: 3291: 3288: 3287: 3282: 3280: 3279: 3272: 3265: 3257: 3249: 3248: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3221: 3206: 3201: 3186: 3176: 3161: 3156: 3141: 3119:, ed. (1907), 3113: 3097: 3082: 3077: 3062: 3057: 3042: 3037: 3022: 3011: 3006: 2991: 2980: 2970: 2958: 2952: 2937: 2926: 2916: 2911: 2895: 2890: 2871: 2866: 2847: 2842: 2827: 2822: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2768: 2756: 2727: 2713: 2705:Worcester 1914 2697: 2674: 2647: 2635: 2620: 2597: 2574: 2562: 2546: 2530: 2521: 2516:The Daily Star 2503: 2495:Worcester 1914 2487: 2475: 2463: 2447: 2431: 2419: 2415:Blanchard 1996 2413:, p. 32, 2403: 2395:Worcester 1914 2384: 2372: 2364:Worcester 1914 2353: 2325: 2297: 2285: 2281:Agoncillo 1997 2273: 2269:Agoncillo 1997 2261: 2258:Agoncillo 1997 2250: 2238: 2226: 2213: 2192: 2177: 2155: 2131: 2099: 2083: 2071: 2059: 2044: 2028: 2026:, p. 126. 2024:Lacsamana 2006 2016: 1997: 1982: 1958: 1935: 1912: 1908:Agoncillo 1990 1900: 1888: 1876: 1861: 1846: 1820: 1818:, p. 509. 1808: 1793: 1778: 1771: 1747: 1721: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1642: 1637: 1633: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1573: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1554: 1548: 1545:Elwell S. Otis 1542: 1539:Wesley Merritt 1531: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1513: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1494: 1483: 1482:Head of State 1479: 1478: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1454: 1448: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1419: 1417: 1404: 1398: 1395: 1385: 1382: 1312: 1309: 1293:Civil Governor 1259: 1256: 1233:Main article: 1230: 1227: 1206: 1152:Main article: 1149: 1146: 1128: 1125: 1073: 1069: 1068: 1063: 1056: 1054: 1049: 1042: 1040: 1035: 1028: 1021:Main article: 1018: 1015: 936: 935: 930: 923: 921: 916: 909: 907: 902: 895: 893: 888: 881: 879: 874: 867: 865: 857: 850: 848: 840: 833: 829: 826: 815:Main article: 812: 809: 756:Main article: 753: 750: 677:Main article: 674: 671: 651:Elwell S. Otis 629:Wesley Merritt 591: 590: 588: 587: 580: 576: 573: 572: 569: 568: 565: 564: 557: 548: 545: 544: 539: 527: 526: 521: 511: 510: 505: 501: 500: 497: 496: 493: 490: 487: 486: 483: 482: 478: 477: 474: 473: 470: 460: 457: 456: 455:April 16, 1902 453: 447: 444: 443: 442:March 23, 1901 440: 434: 431: 430: 429:March 16, 1900 427: 421: 418: 417: 416:March 31, 1899 414: 408: 405: 404: 401: 395: 392: 391: 388: 380: 377: 376: 373: 365: 362: 361: 358: 357: 354: 350: 349: 336: 332: 331: 328: 327: 316: 313: 310: 309: 304: 301: 298: 297: 295:Elwell S. Otis 292: 289: 286: 285: 283:Wesley Merritt 280: 277: 274: 273: 270: 269: 266: 260: 259: 256: 255: 250: 247: 244: 243: 238: 235: 232: 231: 228: 227: 224: 218: 217: 208: 204: 203: 184: 180: 179: 174: 171: 167: 166: 155: 151: 150: 147: 139: 138: 125: 124: 120:Hail, Columbia 112: 111: 86: 85: 78: 71: 70: 64: 57: 56: 55: 52: 51: 47: 46: 29: 24: 17: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6121: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6049: 6041: 6039: 6031: 6030: 6027: 6020: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6007:Palmyra Atoll 6005: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5981: 5978: 5975: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5963: 5960: 5959:Jarvis Island 5957: 5954: 5951: 5948: 5945: 5942: 5941:Roncador Bank 5939: 5936: 5933: 5932: 5929: 5923: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5912: 5905: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5880:Bonin Islands 5878: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5863: 5862: 5859: 5858: 5855: 5849: 5848:United States 5845: 5842: 5841: 5838: 5831: 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5330: 5327: 5324: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5314:Alphonso Taft 5312: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5291: 5288: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5261: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5230: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5203:Taft, Montana 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5113:Other actions 5111: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5082:Supreme Court 5078: 5073: 5066: 5056: 5053: 5049: 5048:Supreme Court 5046: 5045: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4936: 4932: 4924: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4869: 4865: 4864: 4861: 4857: 4850: 4845: 4843: 4838: 4836: 4831: 4830: 4827: 4814: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4795: 4791: 4790: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4776: 4775: 4772: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4726:(grandfather) 4725: 4721: 4718:(grandfather) 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4566:(second wife) 4565: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4520: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4506: 4503: 4499: 4493: 4492:Nature fakers 4488: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4472: 4469: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4458: 4449: 4448:, 2024 series 4447: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4365: 4362: 4358: 4355: 4351: 4348: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4335: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4303: 4297: 4294: 4290: 4287: 4283: 4280: 4276: 4273: 4269: 4266: 4262: 4259: 4255: 4252: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4236: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4216: 4213: 4212:New York City 4209: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4187: 4183: 4180: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4166: 4162: 4157: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4143: 4139: 4136: 4132: 4129: 4125: 4122: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4100: 4097: 4093: 4090: 4085: 4082: 4078: 4075: 4071: 4068: 4064: 4061: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4040: 4033: 4029: 4026: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4002: 3999: 3995: 3992: 3988: 3985: 3981: 3978: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3964: 3961: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3948: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3930: 3927: 3926:Elkhorn Ranch 3923: 3920: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3906: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3893: 3886: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3829: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3806: 3799: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3785: 3781: 3778: 3774: 3771: 3767: 3764: 3760: 3757: 3753: 3750: 3746: 3743: 3739: 3736: 3732: 3729: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3713: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3699: 3695: 3692: 3688: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3672: 3667: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3614: 3610: 3607: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3596: 3593: 3589: 3586: 3582: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3568: 3565: 3561: 3558: 3554: 3551: 3547: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3533: 3528: 3524: 3523: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3475: 3471: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3453: 3449: 3446: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3432: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3377: 3372: 3371:historic site 3368: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3350: 3346: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3297: 3293: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3278: 3273: 3271: 3266: 3264: 3259: 3258: 3255: 3245: 3244:Insular Cases 3239: 3236: 3229: 3224: 3222:971-642-071-4 3218: 3214: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3202:1-4191-7715-X 3198: 3194: 3193: 3187: 3184: 3179: 3173: 3169: 3168: 3162: 3159: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3142: 3131: 3124: 3123: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3080: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3043: 3040: 3034: 3030: 3029: 3023: 3019: 3018: 3012: 3009: 3003: 2999: 2998: 2992: 2988: 2987: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2971: 2966: 2965: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2945: 2944: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2927: 2924: 2923: 2917: 2914: 2912:971-8958-00-2 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2893: 2891:0-8476-9935-8 2887: 2883: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2869: 2867:0-313-30013-5 2863: 2859: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2845: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2828: 2825: 2823:971-8711-06-6 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2785: 2784: 2779: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2757: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2736:"PNP History" 2731: 2728: 2723: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2701: 2698: 2686: 2685: 2678: 2675: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2651: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2628:Jernegan 2009 2624: 2621: 2608: 2601: 2598: 2586: 2585: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2525: 2522: 2517: 2513: 2507: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2479: 2476: 2473:, p. 49. 2472: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2439:Halstead 1918 2435: 2432: 2428: 2423: 2420: 2417:, p. 130 2416: 2412: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2382:, p. 124 2381: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2342: 2335: 2329: 2326: 2314: 2307: 2301: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2274: 2271:, p. 357 2270: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2254: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2239: 2236:, p. 200 2235: 2230: 2227: 2223: 2216: 2210: 2206: 2205: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2170:Halstead 1898 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2148: 2141: 2135: 2132: 2124:September 17, 2119: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2103: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2087: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2036:Halstead 1898 2032: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1983: 1972: 1968: 1962: 1959: 1947: 1946: 1939: 1936: 1924: 1923: 1916: 1913: 1910:, p. 196 1909: 1904: 1901: 1898:, p. 123 1897: 1892: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1847: 1842: 1835: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1787: 1786:Halstead 1898 1782: 1779: 1774: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1759: 1751: 1748: 1735: 1731: 1725: 1722: 1709: 1703: 1700: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1522: 1517: 1516:Miguel Malvar 1514: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1431: 1420: 1416: 1405: 1403: 1402: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1362:Miguel Malvar 1359: 1354: 1352: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1317: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1287:on Cuba) the 1286: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1264: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1245: 1241: 1236: 1228: 1226: 1224: 1217: 1211: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1191:Pedro Paterno 1186: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1166: 1160: 1155: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1104: 1103: 1098: 1097: 1092: 1091: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1079: 1072: 1060: 1055: 1046: 1041: 1032: 1027: 1024: 1016: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 999: 995: 992: 987: 983: 981: 976: 972: 968: 966: 961: 957: 954: 950: 946: 941: 927: 922: 913: 908: 899: 894: 885: 880: 871: 866: 862: 854: 849: 844: 837: 832: 827: 824: 818: 810: 808: 806: 802: 798: 793: 791: 786: 784: 780: 776: 764: 759: 751: 749: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 722: 716: 712: 710: 706: 697: 691: 686: 680: 672: 670: 668: 662: 660: 656: 652: 647: 645: 641: 637: 632: 630: 626: 625:United States 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 585: 574: 558: 556: 553: 552: 549: 543: 540: 533: 532: 529: 528: 525: 522: 520: 517: 516: 512: 509: 506: 502: 498: 494: 475: 471: 467: 466: 454: 451: 441: 438: 428: 425: 415: 412: 402: 399: 389: 386: 385: 374: 371: 370: 355: 351: 346: 340: 337: 333: 329: 325: 320: 317: 308: 305: 296: 293: 284: 281: 267: 265: 257: 254: 251: 242: 239: 225: 223: 216: 212: 209: 205: 202: 196: 192: 188: 185: 181: 178: 175: 168: 164: 159: 156: 152: 145: 140: 121: 117: 113: 106: 99: 97: 91: 87: 81: 75: 67: 61: 53: 48: 42: 35: 22: 16: 6019:Corn Islands 5995:Midway Atoll 5983:Swan Islands 5977:Kingman Reef 5953:Baker Island 5947:Serrana Bank 5806:1952–present 5804:Commonwealth 5788:Puerto Rico 5781:Commonwealth 5407: 5400: 5384: 5376: 5361:Billy Possum 5223:San Antonio) 5193:Bibliography 4787: 4778: 4558:(first wife) 4508: 4484:Ananias Club 4476:Bully pulpit 4445: 4435: 4425: 4416:Rough Riders 4415: 4405: 4395: 4385: 4375: 4301: 4121:Bibliography 4015: 4005: 3967: 3952:and speeches 3825:Rough Riders 3613:Panama Canal 3410:Conservation 3238: 3211: 3191: 3182: 3166: 3146: 3136:September 7, 3134:, retrieved 3130:the original 3121: 3108: 3091: 3067: 3047: 3028:In Our Image 3027: 3016: 2996: 2985: 2975: 2963: 2942: 2931: 2921: 2902: 2880: 2856: 2832: 2809: 2795:Bibliography 2782: 2771: 2759: 2748:, retrieved 2744:the original 2739: 2730: 2716: 2700: 2689:, retrieved 2683: 2677: 2666:, retrieved 2662:the original 2656: 2650: 2638: 2623: 2611:. Retrieved 2600: 2591:February 16, 2589:, retrieved 2583: 2577: 2565: 2549: 2543:Seekins 1993 2524: 2515: 2506: 2490: 2478: 2466: 2450: 2434: 2422: 2406: 2380:Guevara 1972 2375: 2347:February 10, 2345:, retrieved 2340: 2328: 2319:February 10, 2317:, retrieved 2312: 2300: 2295:, p. 39 2288: 2276: 2264: 2253: 2248:, p. 52 2241: 2229: 2203: 2195: 2190:, p. 50 2147:the original 2134: 2122:. Retrieved 2118:the original 2111: 2102: 2086: 2081:, p. 24 2074: 2062: 2057:, p. 20 2031: 2019: 2000: 1985: 1976:December 20, 1974:, retrieved 1970: 1961: 1950:, retrieved 1944: 1938: 1927:, retrieved 1921: 1915: 1903: 1891: 1879: 1864: 1849: 1840: 1816:Elliott 1917 1811: 1796: 1781: 1757: 1750: 1738:. Retrieved 1734:the original 1724: 1714:December 25, 1712:. Retrieved 1702: 1596:(1900–1902) 1585:Legislative 1557:Adna Chaffee 1521:(unofficial) 1518:(1901–1902) 1436:Established 1387: 1355: 1347: 1324: 1301: 1296: 1292: 1282: 1249: 1219: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1200: 1195:Antonio Luna 1187: 1171: 1165:Winsor McCay 1142: 1130: 1121: 1118: 1109: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1094: 1093: 1088: 1087: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1075: 1070: 1011: 1007: 1003: 997: 996: 988: 984: 977: 973: 969: 964: 962: 958: 937: 801:Cagayan Sulu 794: 787: 771: 726: 720: 702: 663: 659:Adna Chaffee 648: 633: 612: 604: 596: 594: 524:Succeeded by 523: 518: 491:• 1898 472:July 1, 1902 463: 398:Insurrection 382: 367: 319:Adna Chaffee 278:• 1898 115: 90:Motto: 89: 15: 6021:(1914–1971) 6013:Wake Island 6003:(1869–1981) 5985:(1863–1972) 5949:(1856–1981) 5943:(1856–1981) 5937:(1856–1979) 5906:(1860–1901) 5900:(1848–1863) 5894:(1947–1994) 5888:(1945–1968) 5882:(1945–1968) 5820:(1903–1979) 5764:Philippines 5733:(1900–1959) 5727:(1868–1890) 5698:(1864–1889) 5692:(1863–1912) 5686:(1863–1890) 5680:(1861–1889) 5674:(1861–1876) 5668:(1861–1864) 5662:(1854–1867) 5656:(1854–1861) 5650:(1853–1889) 5644:(1850–1896) 5628:Provisional 5624:New Mexico 5621:(1849–1858) 5615:(1848–1859) 5609:(1838–1846) 5603:(1836–1848) 5574:(1822–1845) 5568:(1819–1836) 5562:(1817–1819) 5556:(1809–1818) 5550:(1805–1837) 5544:(1805–1821) 5534:(1804–1812) 5528:(1800–1816) 5522:(1798–1817) 5520:Mississippi 5516:(1790–1796) 5510:(1787–1803) 5475:Organic act 5320:Louise Taft 5218:Los Angeles 5188:Taft Bridge 4925:(1890–1892) 4914:(1901–1904) 4906:(1904–1908) 4884:(1909–1913) 4873:(1921–1930) 4408:, 1940 film 4398:, 1927 film 4378:, 1901 film 4008:(1913 book) 3970:(1882 book) 3585:Kinkaid Act 3557:Hepburn Act 3395:Square Deal 3339:(1895–1897) 3331:(1897–1898) 3323:(1899–1900) 3301:(1901–1909) 3031:, Century, 2630:, pp. 2457:, pp. 2429:, p. 6 2427:Taylor 1907 2293:Taylor 1907 2246:Miller 1984 2188:Miller 1984 2093:, pp. 2079:Miller 1984 2067:Miller 1984 2055:Miller 1984 2038:, pp. 2005:Karnow 1990 1952:October 10, 1896:Karnow 1990 1871:, pp. 1788:, pp. 1591:(1898–1900) 1589:Martial Law 1572:(1898–1899) 1559:(1901–1902) 1553:(1900–1901) 1547:(1898–1900) 1512:(1898–1901) 1499:(1901–1902) 1493:(1898–1901) 978:Meanwhile, 779:Puerto Rico 696:Pasig River 621:Philippines 519:Preceded by 348:(1900–1902) 342:(1898–1900) 339:Martial law 335:Legislature 165:(1899–1902) 160:(1898–1899) 6063:Categories 5705:Department 5648:Washington 5310:(grandson) 5304:(grandson) 5298:(grandson) 5286:(daughter) 5168:Early life 4935:Presidency 4654:(grandson) 4646:(grandson) 4638:(grandson) 4630:(grandson) 4622:(grandson) 4598:(daughter) 4574:(daughter) 4347:Teddy bear 3550:Elkins Act 3504:court case 3349:Presidency 2750:August 29, 2707:, p. 2643:Zaide 1994 2570:Zaide 1994 2560:Appendix F 2556:, p. 2554:Kalaw 1927 2497:, p. 2483:Golay 1997 2471:Golay 1997 2455:Kalaw 1927 2441:, p. 2411:Blitz 2000 2397:, p. 2366:, p. 2234:Wolff 2006 2172:, p. 2097:Appendix D 2091:Kalaw 1927 2011:, p. 2009:Wolff 2006 1992:, p. 1990:Trask 1996 1884:Zaide 1994 1856:, p. 1803:, p. 1801:Faust 1899 1689:References 1305:Thomasites 1193:. General 1096:positions. 821:See also: 705:Intramuros 683:See also: 481:Population 207:Government 80:Great Seal 5874:1950–1972 5868:1945–1950 5800:1900–1952 5794:1898–1900 5783:1935–1946 5777:1901–1935 5771:1898–1901 5719:1912–1959 5717:Territory 5713:1884–1912 5707:1867–1884 5636:1850–1912 5634:Territory 5630:1846–1850 5619:Minnesota 5601:Wisconsin 5595:1890–1907 5593:Territory 5589:1850–1890 5587:Panhandle 5583:1834–1907 5577:Oklahoma 5538:Louisiana 5514:Southwest 5508:Northwest 5340:(brother) 5334:(brother) 5328:(brother) 5308:Seth Taft 5232:Elections 4968:Weeks Act 4940:timeline) 4702:(brother) 4519:Muckraker 4043:Elections 4016:The Forum 3940:Gravesite 2668:March 11, 2220:See also 1869:Otis 1899 1854:Otis 1899 1694:Citations 1621:Currency 1606:Military 1452:President 1223:bicameral 495:See below 222:President 50:1898–1902 6038:Category 5866:Military 5792:Military 5769:Military 5711:District 5672:Colorado 5660:Nebraska 5566:Arkansas 5554:Illinois 5548:Michigan 5542:Missouri 5422:Category 5322:(mother) 5316:(father) 4813:Category 4757:(nephew) 4710:(sister) 4694:(sister) 4686:(mother) 4678:(father) 3950:Writings 3895:Life and 3354:timeline 3103:(1899), 2901:(1975), 2804:(1990), 2691:July 31, 1929:June 15, 1740:June 27, 1657:See also 1463:Capital 1370:Batangas 1366:Batangas 1114:. p. 96. 748:(1898). 615:) was a 504:Currency 6048:Commons 5798:Insular 5775:Insular 5725:Wyoming 5701:Alaska 5696:Montana 5690:Arizona 5572:Florida 5560:Alabama 5532:Orleans 5526:Indiana 5354:Related 5213:Chicago 5038:Cabinet 4749:(niece) 4734:(uncle) 4460:Related 4446:Elkhorn 4339:culture 4337:Popular 4206:Statues 3756:Cabinet 2814:187–198 2613:July 9, 2459:199–200 2095:430–445 2040:176–178 1873:145-146 1805:103-104 1790:110–112 1649:Tagalog 1645:Spanish 1640:English 1476:Bulacan 1472:Malolos 1275:in the 953:expired 638:of the 619:in the 609:Tagalog 601:Spanish 461:• 448:• 435:• 422:• 409:• 396:• 381:• 366:• 353:History 195:English 191:Tagalog 187:Spanish 170:Capital 118: " 116:Anthem: 41:Spanish 5731:Hawaii 5678:Dakota 5666:Nevada 5654:Kansas 5613:Oregon 5274:(wife) 5264:Family 4895:(1904) 4547:Family 4113:Legacy 3810:events 3312:(1901) 3219: 3199: 3174: 3154: 3075: 3055: 3035: 3004: 2950: 2909: 2888: 2864: 2840: 2820: 2211: 1769: 1578:(1899) 1541:(1898) 1467:Manila 1427: 1412: 1378:Tanaun 940:Iloilo 805:Sibutu 777:, and 356: 268: 226: 199:other 177:Manila 154:Status 101: 37: 5872:Civil 5684:Idaho 5373:(cow) 5292:(son) 5280:(son) 4765:(dog) 4614:(son) 4606:(son) 4590:(son) 4582:(son) 4368:Films 4361:Books 4304:(1906 3897:homes 3808:Other 3230:Notes 3126:(PDF) 2632:57–58 2501:Ch. 9 2445:Ch.28 2401:Ch. 4 2337:(PDF) 2309:(PDF) 2150:(PDF) 2143:(PDF) 2042:Ch.15 1837:(PDF) 105:Latin 5758:Guam 5642:Utah 5607:Iowa 4901:42nd 4879:27th 4868:10th 4763:Pete 4312:1984 4308:1961 4300:USS 4103:1912 4096:1904 4089:1900 4081:1916 4074:1912 4067:1904 4060:1900 3784:1908 3777:1906 3318:33rd 3307:25th 3296:26th 3217:ISBN 3197:ISBN 3172:ISBN 3152:ISBN 3138:2021 3073:ISBN 3053:ISBN 3033:ISBN 3002:ISBN 2948:ISBN 2907:ISBN 2886:ISBN 2862:ISBN 2838:ISBN 2818:ISBN 2752:2009 2711:Ch.9 2693:2010 2670:2008 2615:2013 2593:2008 2461:Ch.7 2370:Ch.4 2349:2008 2321:2008 2209:ISBN 2126:2017 1978:2008 1954:2007 1931:2014 1767:ISBN 1742:2012 1716:2016 1630:Peso 1625:Peso 1376:and 1374:Lipa 1325:The 1090:did. 803:and 775:Guam 595:The 66:Flag 4920:6th 4890:3rd 2709:180 2558:453 2499:199 2443:318 2174:316 2113:PBS 2013:119 1994:419 1858:152 1763:719 1295:to 1127:War 6065:: 4310:, 4306:, 3461:, 3195:, 3107:, 2905:, 2878:, 2854:, 2816:, 2808:, 2780:. 2738:, 2533:^ 2514:. 2399:96 2387:^ 2368:93 2356:^ 2339:, 2311:, 2180:^ 2158:^ 2110:. 2047:^ 1969:, 1839:. 1823:^ 1765:. 1647:, 1474:, 1380:. 1372:, 1299:. 669:. 611:: 607:; 603:: 193:, 189:, 5540:/ 5456:e 5449:t 5442:v 4938:( 4848:e 4841:t 4834:v 4530:" 4526:" 4521:" 4517:" 4494:" 4490:" 4478:" 4474:" 4314:) 3397:" 3393:" 3356:) 3352:( 3276:e 3269:t 3262:v 2957:. 2617:. 2224:. 2217:. 2128:. 1775:. 1744:. 1718:. 599:( 326:) 197:, 122:" 107:) 103:( 98:" 94:" 43:) 39:(

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Knowledge (XXG)

Military Government of the Philippine Islands

Index