84:
574:
586:. But a 1960 profile of Matson stated that "Because of his indiscriminate mixing of fact and legend, however, scholars generally discount his books as valid sources." The story was repeated over the next few decades in other books, but modern scholarly accounts of the Black Hawk War make no mention of this event, nor do they confirm the existence of a Mike Girty.
787:
On the morning of either June 17 or June 18, the band of about 30 Native
Americans returned to their hidden positions of the day before and awaited the settlers. When the settlers awoke Brigham and Phillips went onto the porch of Ament's cabin where they conversed for a few minutes, failing to notice
498:
raids and attacks increased on the frontier in the state of
Illinois and Michigan Territory. Largely, these attacks were opportunistic and spread out as opposed to being part of a bigger strategy. Many of the attacks that occurred were carried out by bands of Native Americans that were unaffiliated
581:
In 1872, amateur historian
Nehemiah Matson related a story about the execution of a couple, James and Lucy Sample, by Potawatomis. According to Matson, the two were bound to a tree and then burned to death. The executions, said Matson, were directed by a man named Mike Girty, who was supposedly a
709:
ambush was set up in wait, probably for Dodge, who had ventured off the main road. Apple approached the ambush site and Dodge later reported hearing three guns, one of the shots killed Apple. Dodge was probably saved by his last minute decision to make a detour from the main route. Apple's horse
631:
As he traveled toward
Chicago, Payne changed his mind, ignored the warnings and turned back toward Ottawa. Payne's journey was uneventful until he approached Holderman's Grove. Payne approached the grove, about halfway between Plainfield and Ottawa, when he was ambushed by a waiting war party of
632:
Native
Americans. They immediately fired their weapons and Payne was wounded through the chest. He turned his horse to flee but it was also wounded in the encounter and after a chase of 14 or 15 miles it fell dead beneath him. Unarmed, Payne was overtaken by the attackers and purportedly
359:
and others disputed the treaty, claiming that the full tribal councils had not been consulted, nor did those representing the tribes have authorization to cede lands. Angered by the loss of his birthplace, between 1830–31 Black Hawk led a number of incursions across the
866:
The various attacks in May, following
Stillman's Run helped contribute to the region's growing fear as well as an exodus from the area near the incidents. In the case of the attack that killed Henry Apple, the result was a battle which helped sway the course of the militia's
652:
The house of a Mr. Hollenbeck was burned in
Hollenbeck's Grove (or Hollenback's) on May 22, 1832, one day after the Indian Creek massacre. Other parts of the settlement at the grove were also burned and looted. Refugees from Hollenbeck's Grove joined the exodus from the
813:
Aside from these various attacks and murders there were a number of other small attacks and skirmishes throughout the duration of the Black Hawk War. In the one-week period following
Stillman's Run and before the Indian Creek massacre, militia men were ambushed at
792:
tracks around the property. Phillips decided to go to his cabin, about a half mile (.8 km) from Ament's property, to finish a letter to his parents. Brigham, intending to accompany
Phillips, entered his cabin for a moment, when he did he heard the crack of a
657:
valley toward
Danville, passing through Plainfield on their way. In Plainfield wildly overstated claims of Native Americans burning and looting everything were passed along, greatly disturbing the already fearful residents. In the index to his 2006 book,
858:
Collectively, these attacks served to spread fear throughout the region, especially in northeastern Illinois around the area of the Indian Creek massacre where a wave of terror gripped the region. Into the lead mining region around
628:. At Plainfield Payne was met by a friend, Johnathan Wilson, who warned him of danger to individuals traveling the Illinois frontier alone. Payne was at first persuaded and turned back toward Chicago at Wilson's urgings.
771:
sugar camp, part of this camp was included in Ament's claim. The camp was a place where Native Americans lived during the winter and spring on an annual basis. Prior to the attack, both Ament and Phillips were warned by
411:, all took place between mid-May and late June 1832. The week before the Battle of Apple River Fort was an important turning point for the militia: between 16–18 June two key battles, one at
309:. Also in May an attack at Holderman's Grove killed another minister, Adam Payne, and an attack at Hollenbeck's Grove drove numerous residents out of the area. In another attack, just before the
784:. The men had fled, with their families, leaving their goods and livestock behind. Eventually, it was decided that it was safe to return to the settlement to tend to the deserted possessions.
710:
galloped wildly past the men, wounded and carrying a large amount of blood in its saddle. The horse continued all the way to Fort Hamilton, where it raised a furor among the inhabitants.
317:, an attack left early settler Elijah Phillips dead. Together with other incidents during the war, these attacks helped contribute to an atmosphere of fear in the region during the war.
686:. Dodge left the conference with clear authority from Atkinson to deal with the war-related violence in the mining region. After the meeting, he first traveled to his home fort, at
2237:
604:, described as a large and imposing man. Two days after the May 21 Indian Creek massacre, the Payne was traveling by horseback on what would later become the Frank & Walker
871:
and public confidence in the force. The attack at Ament's Cabin led to a small chase of the attackers but nothing came of it and the remains of Elijah Phillips were returned to
863:
anxiety spread as attacks occurred and news of the movements of the elusive Black Hawk poured in. After the death of Adam Payne no white settlers in the area really felt safe.
153:
557:. On May 20, 1832, Sergeant Fred Stahl returned to Dixon's Ferry with the other four survivors of the attack and reported that his party had been ambushed by a group of
1541:
1340:
364:
into Illinois, but was persuaded to return west each time without bloodshed. In April 1832, encouraged by promises of alliance with other tribes and the
752:
146:
756:
1814:
768:
558:
495:
291:
1915:
815:
679:
654:
546:
396:
721:
of 29 mounted volunteers on arrival and sped off to intercept that band. He led the chase through tangled underbrush until, breaking into
1534:
1142:
139:
1441:
2209:
905:
702:
for supplies. On the way to Hamilton, the soldiers passed a German immigrant, Henry Apple, exchanged greetings and kept traveling.
1192:
2204:
1289:
1113:
1511:
1049:
2133:
839:
734:
416:
310:
215:
1474:
934:
1955:
1784:
1527:
2032:
687:
525:
where they remained for the duration of the war. On May 19, 1832 a small unit was detailed to carry dispatches from Colonel
2072:
1965:
2143:
1168:
751:
The site of Ament's cabin was settled in 1829 when John L. Ament and his brother Justin staked claim on adjacent claims
423:
225:
2163:
2123:
827:
467:
245:
205:
2098:
518:
377:
267:
180:
897:
2199:
2153:
2148:
746:
426:, Black Hawk and his British Band fled the approaching militia through Wisconsin. They passed through what are now
392:
235:
230:
2252:
2247:
2062:
2012:
2007:
1960:
1925:
1819:
695:
2242:
2017:
1940:
1736:
1573:
1337:
1272:
683:
534:
573:
834:
killed five people total. At the end of June, following the attack on Ament's Cabin and important battles at
2138:
1975:
1970:
1766:
1352:. Originally published: 1903, Section 181-182, Chapter XXV, Battle of Pecatonica. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
760:
718:
482:, hundreds of men, women and children would be killed by pursuing soldiers, their Indian allies, and a U.S.
412:
314:
301:
Sometime in May 1832 a Methodist minister and his wife disappeared and were subsequently tied to a tree and
220:
313:, a German immigrant named Henry Apple was killed in a Kickapoo ambush. At Ament's Cabin, near present-day
2128:
2027:
1457:
1184:
831:
691:
455:
372:" of around 1,000 warriors and non-combatants into Illinois. Finding no allies, he attempted to return to
210:
767:
bought Justin Ament's land and built his own cabin. West of Ament's and Phillips' settlement was a large
2113:
713:
After hearing the attack on Apple in the distance, Dodge continued on toward Fort Hamilton (present-day
554:
435:
431:
408:
195:
2158:
2103:
2057:
1741:
1702:
1218:
1154:
Buffalo Grove is also the name of the geographic area surrounding the old town. See "Buffalo Grove,"
843:
675:
625:
617:
508:
459:
302:
274:
and skirmishes throughout the duration of the conflict. The war was fought between white settlers in
240:
185:
1415:
513:
When the Black Hawk War began in the spring of 1832, the settlers at Buffalo Grove were notified of
419:, played a role in changing public perception about the militia after its defeat at Stillman's Run.
2215:
2194:
2184:
1880:
1834:
1804:
789:
290:. The relatively minor attacks of the war were widely dispersed and often carried out by bands of
2118:
2067:
2052:
1982:
1728:
872:
514:
451:
446:). On July 21, 1832, the militia caught up with Black Hawk's band as they attempted to cross the
443:
381:
356:
287:
200:
1945:
2168:
2037:
1662:
901:
819:
818:, where one militia member was killed, and there was a short, bloodless battle at present-day
471:
427:
400:
361:
336:
250:
384:
and Illinois were mobilized to hunt down Black Hawk's Band. The conflict became known as the
2047:
2042:
1997:
1935:
1920:
1910:
1870:
1865:
1855:
1839:
1824:
1789:
1779:
1774:
1071:
860:
726:
714:
699:
621:
613:
538:
530:
522:
404:
733:. The militia crossed the swollen river and dismounted when they reached the swamp and the
561:
the evening before on the edge of the grove. He reported that Durley was killed instantly,
2189:
2108:
2077:
2022:
1885:
1875:
1829:
1746:
1707:
1344:
1117:
1053:
938:
890:
801:
balls, and the band of raiding Native Americans immediately descended upon him with their
764:
706:
542:
526:
447:
190:
107:
1809:
1756:
1751:
1670:
1634:
1550:
802:
385:
365:
326:
163:
27:
1110:
2231:
2002:
1992:
1860:
1652:
1046:
835:
479:
439:
89:
1598:
1565:
1395:
1026:
1006:
989:
972:
955:
931:
781:
601:
475:
407:, and various attacks in other places including the war's most famous incident the
369:
295:
1189:
The History of Wisconsin: In Three Parts, Historical, Documentary, and Descriptive
1799:
1794:
1690:
1578:
830:
in Michigan Territory that killed three militia men. A mid–June attack at
671:
633:
583:
352:
344:
340:
283:
99:
95:
1950:
1930:
1616:
1593:
823:
773:
605:
595:
306:
103:
1986:
1680:
1644:
847:
463:
279:
55:
640:
and his head remained attached to his body. In the index to his 2006 book,
1444:), D.B. Cooke & Co.: 1878, pp. 226–34. Retrieved 4 October 2007.
1905:
1694:
1675:
1626:
1588:
1519:
1075:, Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1918, pp. 170-171. Available online via
777:
637:
562:
550:
474:
on August 1 and 2. When the militia finally caught up with Black Hawk's "
348:
332:
275:
111:
51:
662:, Kerry A. Trask refers to the incident as the Hollenback's Grove raid.
395:
was filled with war-related activity and events. A series of attacks at
1583:
1418:," Pioneer Publishing, Chicago: 1906, p. 118. Retrieved 4 October 2007.
1145:), H.F. Kett & Co., Chicago: 1878, p. 284. Retrieved 13 August 2007
1076:
722:
644:, Kerry A. Trask refers to the incident as the Holderman's Grove raid.
609:
483:
442:, where they headed west toward the Four Lakes region (near modern-day
1286:
Discovery and Conquests of the North-west, with the History of Chicago
1208:, (Princeton, Illinois: Republican Book and Job Office, 1872), 93–103.
868:
798:
347:
leaders regarding land settlement, the tribes vacated their lands in
470:
and was the penultimate battle of the war. The war would end at the
391:
The period between initial battle at Stillman's Run and the June 24
1122:
Lee/Ogle Regional Office of Education #47. Retrieved July 30, 2007.
725:, they caught sight of the raiding party. The Kickapoo crossed the
1608:
1464:, via Tampico Historical Society, p. 22. Retrieved 4 October 2007.
1292:), R. Blanchard: 1881, pp. 380–81. Retrieved 6 October 2007.
1275:), H.W. Rokker: 1887, pp. 399–403. Retrieved 4 October 2007.
794:
730:
694:
occurred the following day, and Dodge and his command set out for
572:
636:, one witness to the body's discovery indicated that he was only
131:
1514:), Western Historical Co: 1881, p. 599. Retrieved 1 August 2007.
494:
After the defeat of the militia at Stillman's Run the number of
373:
1523:
135:
1171:," Black Hawk's War April 5 - August 2, 1832, September 2001,
805:. Phillips was the only person killed or injured in the raid.
380:. A number of other engagements followed, and the militias of
376:, but the undisciplined Illinois militia's actions led to the
1027:
June 16: Peter Parkinson Recalls the Battle of the Pecatonica
521:
and ordered to leave the grove. Most of the settlers went to
956:
May 14: Black Hawk's Victory at the Battle of Stillman's Run
620:, passed through several areas including Holderman's Grove,
1396:
June 16: Henry Dodge Describes The Battle of the Pecatonica
1007:
June 16: Henry Dodge Describes The Battle of the Pecatonica
973:
May 21, Indian Creek, Ill.: Abduction of the Hall Sisters
729:
within sight of the pursuing militia, and entered into a
797:
outside. Phillips dropped to the ground, struck by two
1072:
A Standard History of Sauk County, Wisconsin: Volume I
705:
About 150 yards (140 m) from the spot they met a
990:
James Stephenson Describes the Battle at Yellow Creek
1079:, University of Wisconsin. Retrieved August 2, 2007.
553:, a small, unincorporated settlement in present-day
2177:
2086:
1898:
1848:
1765:
1727:
1720:
1689:
1661:
1643:
1625:
1607:
1564:
1557:
1195:), B. Brown: 1854, p. 267. Retrieved 5 August 2007.
616:. Payne, a minister in a denomination known as the
1219:"Nehemiah Matson: Historian of Northern Illinois"
1223:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society
422:After the inconclusive skirmish in late June at
1495:Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America
1378:Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America
1321:Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America
1308:Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America
1241:Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America
1095:Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America
894:Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America
660:Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America
642:Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America
466:. The engagement that followed is known as the
331:As a consequence of an 1804 treaty between the
20:
1535:
1302:
1300:
1298:
147:
8:
2238:Battles and skirmishes of the Black Hawk War
1331:
1329:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1206:Reminiscences of Bureau County: In Two Parts
1412:Past and Present of Bureau County, Illinois
1047:Black Hawk's name, country's shame lives on
1021:
1019:
1724:
1561:
1542:
1528:
1520:
1452:
1450:
1139:The History of Jo Daviess County, Illinois
1105:
1103:
1060:, April 28, 2007. Retrieved July 30, 2007.
780:of impending danger to the settlers along
698:as soon as he heard about it, stopping at
600:Adam Payne was an itinerant preacher from
545:). The Buffalo Grove ambush occurred near
154:
140:
132:
17:
1489:
1487:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1398:," Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War,
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1156:Lee/Ogle Regional Office of Education #47
1029:," Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War,
1009:," Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War,
975:," Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War,
958:," Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War,
941:," Abraham Lincoln Digitization Project,
682:to confer with overall commander General
294:that were unaffiliated with Black Hawk's
1462:Map & Sketches of Bureau County, ILL
1390:
1388:
1386:
1348:, Abraham Lincoln Digitization Project,
1089:
1087:
1085:
992:, Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War,
900:), Henry Holt Company, New York: 2007, (
1133:
1131:
1129:
926:
924:
922:
918:
1508:History of LaFayette County, Wisconsin
1225:, Vol. 53, No. 2 (Summer, 1960), 149.
1041:
1039:
94:Various factions affiliated with the
7:
1479:Old Lead Regional Historical Society
690:, which he reached on June 13. The
577:Execution of James and Lucy Sample.
1400:Wisconsin State Historical Society
1031:Wisconsin State Historical Society
1011:Wisconsin State Historical Society
977:Wisconsin State Historical Society
960:Wisconsin State Historical Society
569:Execution of Lucy and James Sample
14:
2210:Fourth Treaty of Prairie du Chien
1481:, 2004. Retrieved 13 August 2007.
1077:The State of Wisconsin Collection
2205:First Treaty of Prairie du Chien
1269:The Sauks and the Black Hawk War
499:with Black Hawk's British Band.
450:, near the present-day town of
368:, he again moved his so-called "
82:
1506:Butterfield, Consul Willshire.
1120:," Polo Community High School,
1033:. Retrieved 21 September 2007.
1013:. Retrieved 21 September 2007.
996:. Retrieved 21 September 2007.
979:. Retrieved 21 September 2007.
826:. In June 1832 there were two
1:
2073:Wisconsin Heights Battlefield
355:in 1828. However, Sauk Chief
1350:Northern Illinois University
994:Wisconsin Historical Society
943:Northern Illinois University
908:). Retrieved 14 August 2007.
2164:Battle of Wisconsin Heights
2124:Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
1402:. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
1173:Old Lead Historical Society
1069:Cole, Harry Ellsworth, ed.
945:. Retrieved August 1, 2007.
842:, two militia members were
828:attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
468:Battle of Wisconsin Heights
2269:
2200:Treaty of St. Louis (1804)
2154:Battle of Apple River Fort
1966:Stillman's Run Battle Site
1175:. Retrieved 6 August 2007.
1058:Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel
962:. Retrieved 6 August 2007.
932:The Black Hawk War of 1832
763:. Shortly after settling,
759:Townships, in present-day
744:
593:
506:
393:Battle of Apple River Fort
324:
262:After the outbreak of the
2144:Battle of Kellogg's Grove
844:killed at Sinsinawa Mound
171:
117:
75:
33:
25:
2134:Battle of Horseshoe Bend
2099:Battle of Stillman's Run
846:in present-day southern
735:Battle of Horseshoe Bend
565:, and left on the spot.
378:Battle of Stillman's Run
311:Battle of Horseshoe Bend
270:in May 1832, there were
268:Battle of Stillman's Run
2149:Attack at Ament's Cabin
2139:Battle of Waddams Grove
761:Bureau County, Illinois
747:Attack at Ament's Cabin
315:Bureau County, Illinois
2129:Spafford Farm massacre
1551:Black Hawk War of 1832
1217:Ruth Ewers Haberkorn.
1185:Smith, William Rudolph
692:Spafford Farm massacre
578:
478:" at the mouth of the
351:and moved west of the
118:Commanders and leaders
2114:Indian Creek massacre
1475:Plum River Fight 1832
740:
647:
589:
576:
409:Indian Creek massacre
401:Plum River settlement
50:present day northern
2159:Sinsinawa Mound raid
2104:Buffalo Grove ambush
1438:Memories of Shaubena
1267:Armstrong, Perry A.
678:to the mouth of the
626:Plainfield, Illinois
509:Buffalo Grove ambush
434:, then followed the
41:May–July, 1832
2185:Black Hawk Purchase
2043:Hamilton's Diggings
1881:Joseph Throckmorton
1835:James W. Stephenson
1805:William S. Hamilton
1497:, pp. 220–23.
1458:Killing of Phillips
1456:Matson, Nehemiah. "
1310:, pp. 360–61.
1137:Kett, H.F. and Co.
1097:, p. 191–218.
303:executed by burning
2119:St. Vrain massacre
1983:Michigan Territory
1436:Matson, Nehemiah.
1343:2011-06-10 at the
1338:The Black Hawk War
1284:Blanchard, Rufus.
1167:Braun, Robert A. "
1116:2007-09-27 at the
1052:2007-05-02 at the
937:2009-08-15 at the
873:Hennepin, Illinois
648:Hollenbeck's Grove
582:mixed race son of
579:
382:Michigan Territory
67:No military result
2225:
2224:
2169:Battle of Bad Axe
2094:Minor engagements
1894:
1893:
1716:
1715:
1416:History of Berlin
1204:Nehemiah Matson,
1045:McCann, Dennis. "
674:escorted General
590:Holderman's Grove
472:Battle of Bad Axe
415:and the other at
362:Mississippi River
337:Indiana Territory
259:
258:
246:Wisconsin Heights
130:
129:
71:
70:
2260:
2253:July 1832 events
2248:June 1832 events
2195:Keokuk's Reserve
2048:Pecatonica River
1998:Blue Mounds Fort
1911:Apple River Fort
1871:Joseph M. Street
1866:Antoine LeClaire
1856:George Davenport
1840:Samuel Whiteside
1825:John H. Rountree
1790:Ebenezer Brigham
1780:Milton Alexander
1775:John Giles Adams
1725:
1562:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1521:
1515:
1504:
1498:
1491:
1482:
1471:
1465:
1454:
1445:
1434:
1419:
1409:
1403:
1392:
1381:
1374:
1353:
1335:Stevens, Frank.
1333:
1324:
1317:
1311:
1304:
1293:
1282:
1276:
1265:
1244:
1237:
1226:
1215:
1209:
1202:
1196:
1182:
1176:
1165:
1159:
1152:
1146:
1135:
1124:
1107:
1098:
1091:
1080:
1067:
1061:
1043:
1034:
1023:
1014:
1003:
997:
986:
980:
969:
963:
952:
946:
928:
861:Galena, Illinois
727:Pecatonica River
715:Wiota, Wisconsin
700:Fort Blue Mounds
559:Native Americans
405:Fort Blue Mounds
292:Native Americans
278:and present-day
236:Apple River Fort
206:Fort Blue Mounds
166:
156:
149:
142:
133:
88:
86:
85:
35:
34:
18:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2243:May 1832 events
2228:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2190:Black Hawk Tree
2173:
2109:Plum River raid
2082:
2078:Wisconsin River
2058:Sinsinawa Mound
2033:Gratiot's Grove
2023:Fort Koshkonong
1946:Kellogg's Grove
1890:
1886:Satterlee Clark
1876:Felix St. Vrain
1844:
1830:Isaiah Stillman
1820:Alexander Posey
1815:Abraham Lincoln
1761:
1747:Jefferson Davis
1712:
1685:
1657:
1639:
1621:
1603:
1553:
1548:
1518:
1505:
1501:
1492:
1485:
1473:Carter, Greg. "
1472:
1468:
1455:
1448:
1435:
1422:
1410:
1406:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1356:
1345:Wayback Machine
1334:
1327:
1318:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1283:
1279:
1266:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1216:
1212:
1203:
1199:
1183:
1179:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1149:
1136:
1127:
1118:Wayback Machine
1108:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1068:
1064:
1054:Wayback Machine
1044:
1037:
1024:
1017:
1004:
1000:
987:
983:
970:
966:
953:
949:
939:Wayback Machine
930:Lewis, James. "
929:
920:
916:
891:Trask, Kerry A.
881:
856:
811:
809:Other incidents
769:Native American
765:Elijah Phillips
749:
743:
688:Gratiot's Grove
668:
650:
598:
592:
571:
543:Dixon, Illinois
527:James M. Strode
511:
505:
496:Native American
492:
448:Wisconsin River
424:Kellogg's Grove
339:and a group of
329:
323:
260:
255:
241:Sinsinawa Mound
226:Kellogg's Grove
167:
162:
160:
83:
81:
59:
12:
11:
5:
2266:
2264:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2230:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2178:Related topics
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2063:Soldiers Grove
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1961:Stillman Creek
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1926:Fort Armstrong
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1810:James D. Henry
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1757:Zachary Taylor
1754:
1752:Winfield Scott
1749:
1744:
1739:
1737:Henry Atkinson
1733:
1731:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1671:Billy Caldwell
1667:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1635:Waukon Decorah
1631:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1524:
1517:
1516:
1499:
1483:
1466:
1446:
1420:
1404:
1382:
1354:
1325:
1312:
1294:
1277:
1245:
1227:
1210:
1197:
1177:
1160:
1147:
1125:
1099:
1081:
1062:
1035:
1015:
998:
981:
964:
947:
917:
915:
914:
910:
909:
887:
886:
882:
880:
877:
855:
852:
840:Horseshoe Bend
810:
807:
745:Main article:
742:
739:
717:), gathered a
684:Henry Atkinson
667:
664:
649:
646:
591:
588:
570:
567:
535:Henry Atkinson
519:Stillman's Run
517:'s victory at
507:Main article:
504:
501:
491:
488:
417:Horseshoe Bend
386:Black Hawk War
327:Black Hawk War
325:Main article:
322:
319:
264:Black Hawk War
257:
256:
254:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
216:Horseshoe Bend
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
181:Stillman's Run
178:
172:
169:
168:
164:Black Hawk War
161:
159:
158:
151:
144:
136:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
115:
114:
92:
78:
77:
73:
72:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
49:
47:
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
28:Black Hawk War
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2265:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2013:Fort Hamilton
2011:
2009:
2008:Fort Defiance
2006:
2004:
2003:Fort Crawford
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1993:Bad Axe River
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Waddams Grove
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:Dixon's Ferry
1919:
1917:
1916:Buffalo Grove
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:Henry Gratiot
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1558:Native people
1556:
1552:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1380:, pp. 233-237
1379:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1111:Buffalo Grove
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1002:
999:
995:
991:
985:
982:
978:
974:
968:
965:
961:
957:
951:
948:
944:
940:
936:
933:
927:
925:
923:
919:
912:
911:
907:
906:0-8050-7758-8
903:
899:
895:
892:
889:
888:
884:
883:
878:
876:
874:
870:
864:
862:
853:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
836:Waddams Grove
833:
832:Spafford Farm
829:
825:
821:
817:
816:Buffalo Grove
808:
806:
804:
800:
796:
791:
785:
783:
779:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
748:
741:Ament's Cabin
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
711:
708:
703:
701:
697:
696:Fort Hamilton
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
665:
663:
661:
656:
645:
643:
639:
635:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
597:
587:
585:
575:
568:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
547:Buffalo Grove
544:
541:(present-day
540:
539:Dixon's Ferry
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
510:
503:Buffalo Grove
502:
500:
497:
489:
487:
485:
481:
480:Bad Axe River
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
440:Horicon Marsh
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
413:Waddams Grove
410:
406:
402:
398:
397:Buffalo Grove
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
328:
320:
318:
316:
312:
308:
305:by a band of
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:minor attacks
269:
265:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
231:Ament's Cabin
229:
227:
224:
222:
221:Waddams Grove
219:
217:
214:
212:
211:Spafford Farm
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
186:Buffalo Grove
184:
182:
179:
177:
176:Minor battles
174:
173:
170:
165:
157:
152:
150:
145:
143:
138:
137:
134:
125:
122:
121:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
91:
90:United States
80:
79:
74:
66:
63:
62:
57:
54:and southern
53:
48:
45:
44:
40:
37:
36:
32:
29:
24:
21:Minor attacks
19:
16:
2214:
2093:
2018:Fort Jackson
1976:Yellow Creek
1941:Indian Creek
1785:David Bailey
1599:Wabokieshiek
1566:British Band
1512:Google Books
1507:
1502:
1494:
1478:
1469:
1461:
1442:Google Books
1437:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1377:
1349:
1336:
1320:
1315:
1307:
1290:Google Books
1285:
1280:
1273:Google Books
1268:
1240:
1222:
1213:
1205:
1200:
1193:Google Books
1188:
1180:
1172:
1169:A Chronology
1163:
1155:
1150:
1143:Google Books
1138:
1121:
1094:
1070:
1065:
1057:
1030:
1010:
1001:
993:
984:
976:
967:
959:
950:
942:
898:Google Books
893:
875:for burial.
865:
857:
812:
786:
782:Bureau Creek
750:
712:
704:
670:On June 11,
669:
659:
651:
641:
630:
608:route, from
602:Pennsylvania
599:
580:
512:
493:
476:British Band
421:
390:
370:British Band
330:
300:
296:British Band
271:
263:
261:
196:Indian Creek
175:
76:Belligerents
26:Part of the
15:
2087:Engagements
1800:Henry Dodge
1795:John Dement
1721:U.S. people
1579:Checokalako
672:Henry Dodge
666:Henry Apple
634:decapitated
584:Simon Girty
555:Ogle County
533:to General
456:Dane County
353:Mississippi
2232:Categories
2028:Fort Union
1951:Plum River
1931:Fort Beggs
1742:Hugh Brady
1663:Potawatomi
1594:Towaunonne
1574:Black Hawk
879:References
824:Plum River
822:along the
774:Potawatomi
676:Hugh Brady
606:stagecoach
596:Adam Payne
594:See also:
515:Black Hawk
436:Rock River
432:Janesville
357:Black Hawk
321:Background
307:Potawatomi
288:Black Hawk
191:Plum River
104:Potawatomi
1987:Wisconsin
1681:Waubonsie
1645:Menominee
1323:, p. 204.
1243:, pp. 206
854:Aftermath
848:Wisconsin
803:tomahawks
680:Fox River
655:Fox River
464:Wisconsin
460:Sauk City
280:Wisconsin
266:, at the
201:St. Vrain
56:Wisconsin
1956:Saukenuk
1906:Illinois
1695:Meskwaki
1676:Shabbona
1627:Ho-Chunk
1589:Pamisseu
1341:Archived
1114:Archived
1050:Archived
935:Archived
913:Specific
790:moccasin
778:Shabbona
737:ensued.
707:Kickapoo
551:Illinois
349:Illinois
333:Governor
276:Illinois
112:Ho-Chunk
108:Kickapoo
52:Illinois
46:Location
2216:Warrior
2068:Victory
2053:Roxbury
1767:Militia
1708:Wapello
1653:Oshkosh
1617:Wapasha
1584:Neapope
1493:Trask,
1376:Trask,
1319:Trask,
1306:Trask,
1239:Trask,
1093:Trask,
885:General
820:Savanna
723:prairie
719:company
638:scalped
618:Dunkers
610:Chicago
563:scalped
490:Prelude
484:gunboat
458:, near
452:Roxbury
444:Madison
438:toward
366:British
251:Bad Axe
126:various
123:various
2038:Helena
1936:Galena
1899:Places
1849:Others
1703:Keokuk
1609:Dakota
904:
869:morale
799:musket
776:chief
753:Berlin
622:Lisbon
614:Ottawa
531:Galena
523:Peoria
428:Beloit
399:, the
286:Chief
110:, and
87:
64:Result
795:rifle
757:Dover
731:swamp
454:, in
1729:Army
1693:and
1691:Sauk
902:ISBN
838:and
788:the
755:and
624:and
430:and
374:Iowa
343:and
341:Sauk
284:Sauk
282:and
96:Sauk
38:Date
1510:, (
1477:,"
1460:,"
1440:, (
1414:, "
1288:, (
1191:, (
1141:, (
1056:,"
896:, (
612:to
537:at
529:in
345:Fox
335:of
100:Fox
2234::
1486:^
1449:^
1423:^
1385:^
1357:^
1328:^
1297:^
1248:^
1230:^
1221:.
1187:.
1128:^
1102:^
1084:^
1038:^
1018:^
921:^
850:.
549:,
486:.
462:,
403:,
388:.
298:.
106:,
102:,
98:,
1989:)
1985:(
1543:e
1536:t
1529:v
1394:"
1271:(
1158:.
1109:"
1025:"
1005:"
988:"
971:"
954:"
155:e
148:t
141:v
58:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.