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20:
991:
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nearby slums and to construct new revenue-generating structures. However local community activists rallied poor residents in opposition to these plans, arguing that federal renewal funding should be used to replace deteriorating housing stock, whether with new public housing or with low-cost housing built by private developers.
176:
there was a battle between competing visions. The city's political and business elite, and city planners, along with
Atlanta's black middle class, wanted the federal funding to accelerate the economic growth of the entire city. They sought to protect the central business district property values from
124:
secured his hometown's inclusion in the project. Several buildings in downtown
Smithville, such as the Dekalb County Court House and the Smithville City Hall, were built from funds from the Model Cities Project. They are still in use as of 2014, and make up a good portion of the city's downtown
51:
programs and alternative forms of municipal government. Model Cities represented a new approach that emphasized social program as well as physical renewal, and sought to coordinate the actions of numerous government agencies in a multifaceted attack on the complex roots of urban poverty. The
168:
was the only elected official to serve on
President Johnson's task force. Detroit received widespread acclaim for its leadership in the program, which used $ 490 million to try to turn a 9 sq mi (23 km) section of the city (with 134,000 inhabitants) into a model city.
135:
is 1,300 ft (400 m) wide, 3,700 ft (1,100 m) long, and 523 ft (159 m) deep. The project was completed in 1987 following 14 years of work for a total cost of $ 77.6 million. The cut-through provides a path for a four-lane highway, a
144:, which snaked through the downtown area, to eliminate almost yearly flooding. The river bed then was reclaimed by depositing fill from the cut-through into the old riverbed, significantly increasing the available space for development within the city.
771:
96:
Other evaluations have identified both failures and success in the Model Cities program, with its limited effectiveness attributed to a combination of complicated bureaucracy, inadequate funding, and competing agendas at the local level.
473:
Ricardo A. Millett, "Examination of 'Widespread
Citizen Participation' in the Model Cities Program and the Demands of Ethnic Minorities for a Greater Decision Making Role in American Cities" (PhD diss., Brandeis University,
88:
received funding. The program's initial goals emphasized comprehensive planning, emphasizing not just rebuilding, but also rehabilitation, social-service delivery, and citizen participation. In 1969, the
467:
Solomon G. Jacobson, "Implementation of a
Federal Program at the Local Level: A Critique of the Introduction of the Model Cities Planning Program in Detroit" (PhD diss., University of Michigan, 1977)
464:
Franklyn Lee Hruza, "Seattle Model Cities
Program: A Case Study of Citizen Participation in the Planning Process During the Initial Planning Year, 1967–68" (PhD diss., University of Washington, 1972)
47:
to
President Johnson in an off-the-record White House meeting on May 20, 1965. In 1966, new legislation led to the more than 150 five-year-long, Model Cities experiments to develop new
68:
programs, and bureaucratic difficulties in the first years of the War on
Poverty led to calls for reform of federal programs. The Model Cities initiative created a new program at the
681:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
61:
676:
93:
administration officially changed course; however in the majority of cities, citizen-participation mechanisms continued to play an important role in local decision-making.
556:
461:
Larry
Richard Davis, "An Appraisal of Selected Economic Development Projects of the Texarkana, Texas Model Cities Program" (PhD diss., University of Arkansas, 1975)
744:
64:, the program ended in 1974. Model Cities originated in response to several concerns of the mid-1960s. Widespread urban violence, disillusionment with existing
480:
John
Mitchell Sidor, Jr., "Comprehensive Planning in a Pluralist Environment: Model Cities Planning in Pittsburgh" (PhD diss., University of Pittsburgh, 1969)
1021:
766:
759:
754:
749:
537:
508:
69:
671:
656:
729:
548:
798:
793:
646:
477:
Susanne Schindler, "The Housing that Model Cities Built: Context, Community, and Capital in New York City, 1966–76" (PhD diss., ETH Zurich, 2018).
699:
691:
633:
560:
293:
263:
205:
428:
A Little Noticed Revolution: An Oral History of the Model Cities Program and Its Transition to the Community Development Block Grant Program
816:
651:
154:, was another Model Cities site. There, the program was instrumental in acquiring the land for a regional hospital, among other projects.
105:
788:
783:
778:
739:
734:
540:
141:
52:
ambitious federal urban aid program succeeded in fostering a new generation of mostly black urban leaders. The program ended in 1974.
470:
Martin David Lowenthal, "The Politics of Planning in the Model Cities Program" (PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1970).
303:
238:
1016:
529:
501:
120:, the smallest city to receive such funding, is an example of a city that benefited from the Model Cities Project. Congressman
483:
Charles Tantillo, "An Analysis of the Model Cities Program in Atlantic City, New Jersey" (PhD diss., Rutgers University, 1974)
661:
641:
435:
419:
Weber, Bret A., and Amanda Wallace, "Revealing the Empowerment Revolution: A Literature Review of the Model Cities Program,"
278:
Bret A. Weber, and Amanda Wallace, "Revealing the Empowerment Revolution: A Literature Review of the Model Cities Program,"
892:
835:
621:
448:
320:
994:
494:
666:
374:
Holliman, Irene V. "From Crackertown to Model City? Urban Renewal and Community Building in Atlanta, 1963–1966,"
942:
594:
589:
930:
918:
906:
865:
821:
132:
117:
393:
Violence in the Model City: The Cavanaugh Administration, Race Relations, and the Detroit Riot of 1967
936:
414:
Between the Idea and the Reality: A Study in the Origin, Fate and Legacy of the Model Cities Program
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72:(HUD) intended to improve coordination of existing urban programs. Several cities including
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Race and Authority in Urban Politics: Community Participation and the War on Poverty
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256:"Model Cities" in Goldfield, David R., ed. Encyclopedia of American Urban History
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The Politics of Neglect: Urban Aid from Model Cities to Revenue Sharing
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77:
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was the location of one of the biggest Model Cities projects. The
104:
18:
490:
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United States House of Representatives special elections, 1937
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62:
Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966
409:(University of Chicago Press, Russell Sage Foundation, 1976)
350:
http://www.pikecountychamber.org/index.php?n=11&id=51
258:. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. pp. 484–86.
197:
The UAW and the Heyday of American Liberalism, 1945-1968
705:
1938 United States House of Representatives elections
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Cut-Through page on Pike Co. Chamber of Commerce site
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was one of the largest Model Cities projects. Mayor
891:
807:
690:
630:
571:
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An Empirical Evaluation of the Model Cities Program
200:. Cornell University Press. pp. 203, 202–205.
398:Frieden, Bernard J., and Marshall Kaplan, eds.
750:Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1960
502:
405:Greenstone, J. David, and Paul E. Peterson.
8:
730:United States Senate special elections, 1941
43:. The concept was presented by labor leader
295:The Encyclopedia of Housing, Second Edition
70:Department of Housing and Urban Development
672:Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs
657:Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park
509:
495:
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794:1960 United States presidential election
647:Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum
430:(Berkeley Public Policy Press, 2005)
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16:US government social program, 1965–1974
150:, represented by Speaker of the House
328:(BS thesis). University of Michigan.
292:Carswell, Andrew T. (June 13, 2012).
7:
817:Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture
652:Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland
345:
343:
60:Authorized November 3, 1966, by the
1022:Urban planning in the United States
779:Democratic National Convention 1956
735:1948 United States Senate elections
541:Vice President of the United States
530:36th President of the United States
451:," e-flux Architecture (July 2018).
901:Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson
142:Levisa Fork of the Big Sandy River
14:
113:Model City Program, December 1970
31:was an element of U.S. President
990:
989:
444:," Urban Omnibus (October 2016).
662:Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center
1:
677:Memorial Grove on the Potomac
416:(Boston: Little, Brown, 1975)
254:Klemens, Christopher (2007).
836:The Years of Lyndon Johnson
423:(2012) 38#1 pp. 173–92
319:Schechter, Jody H. (2011).
1038:
607:Texas Broadcasting Company
363:Violence in the Model City
958:
667:Lyndon Baines Johnson Day
524:
943:George Washington Baines
595:Civil Rights Act of 1960
590:Civil Rights Act of 1957
421:Journal of Urban History
378:(2009) 35#3, pp. 369–86.
376:Journal of Urban History
280:Journal of Urban History
225:Encyclopedia of the City
931:Samuel Ealy Johnson Sr.
919:Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr.
907:Lynda Bird Johnson Robb
549:U.S. Senator from Texas
282:(2012) 38#1 pp. 173–92.
140:railroad line, and the
1017:Great Society programs
845:(1991 television film)
579:Early years and career
229:. Routledge. pp.
114:
24:
447:Schindler, Susanne, "
440:Schindler, Susanne, "
221:Caves, R. W. (2004).
194:Boyle, Kevin (1995).
133:Pikeville Cut-Through
118:Smithville, Tennessee
108:
22:
937:Joseph Wilson Baines
29:Model Cities Program
945:(great-grandfather)
925:Sam Houston Johnson
913:Luci Baines Johnson
557:U.S. Representative
148:McAlester, Oklahoma
129:Pikeville, Kentucky
56:Program development
682:U.S. Postage stamp
585:Southern Manifesto
442:Model Cities Redux
166:Jerome P Cavanaugh
115:
25:
1004:
1003:
982:Hubert Humphrey →
964:← John F. Kennedy
612:Johnson Amendment
518:Lyndon B. Johnson
402:(MIT Press, 1975)
265:978-0-7619-2884-3
207:978-0-8014-8538-1
23:Model Cities logo
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978:← Richard Nixon
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41:War on Poverty
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49:anti-poverty
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883:(2017 film)
875:(2014 film)
858:All the Way
853:(2002 film)
851:Path to War
563:(1937–1949)
551:(1949–1961)
543:(1961–1963)
532:(1963–1969)
152:Carl Albert
125:landscape.
1011:Categories
949:Chuck Robb
915:(daughter)
909:(daughter)
772:withdrawal
631:Legacy and
436:0877724180
181:References
927:(brother)
866:2016 film
862:2012 play
692:Elections
634:memorials
995:Category
921:(father)
760:campaign
162:Michigan
174:Atlanta
158:Detroit
111:Seattle
78:Oakland
74:Detroit
903:(wife)
893:Family
434:
395:(1989)
302:
262:
237:
204:
86:Camden
82:Newark
873:Selma
823:Daisy
583:1956
561:TX–10
474:1973)
365:(1989
326:(PDF)
91:Nixon
799:1964
789:1964
784:1960
767:1968
755:1964
745:1960
740:1954
725:1946
720:1944
715:1942
710:1940
572:Life
559:for
538:37th
432:ISBN
300:ISBN
260:ISBN
235:ISBN
202:ISBN
84:and
39:and
27:The
881:LBJ
843:LBJ
330:hdl
231:464
172:In
138:CSX
35:'s
1013::
864:,
342:^
298:.
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80:,
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868:)
860:(
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