1328:, who provided a more consistent look for the runway. At this time, "the number of working black models in high-profile runway presentation... became so dire that stories began appearing in the mainstream media about the whitewashing of the runway". In response, models like Campbell, Iman, and Bethann Hardison, joined forces throughout the"Diversity Coalition" in an attempt to "call out and accuse prominent fashion houses for snubbing Black and Asian models on the catwalk, editorial spreads, and campaigns". The lack of representation was, in part, due to the belief that "black girls don't push products", which "encouraged people who work directly and indirectly in the industry to speak out on the injustices that go on within it". In the 1990s, it was quite clear that the top designers simply preferred a new aesthetic that excluded models of colour, which resulted in only 6% of runway models to be women of colour. Campbell's Diversity Coalition's primary mission was to "expedite inclusion on the runway by deliberately calling out designers who have executed acts of racism on the runway". According to Campbell, it was their choice to not include black models on the runway and desire a uniformed runway that resulted in a racist act. Although such a dramatic effort to exclude black presence from the fashion world, models like
1670:(formerly a music magazine) re-branded themselves as men's magazines. Pre-internet, these magazines were popular among men in their late teens and early twenties because they were considered more tasteful than their predecessors. With the glamour market growing, fashion moved away from the waifs and onto Brazilian bombshells. The glamour market, consisting mostly of commercial fashion and print models, became its own genre due to its popularity. Even in a large market like the United Kingdom, however, glamour models are not usually signed exclusively to one agency as they can not rely financially on one agency to provide them with enough work. It was, and still is, a common practice for glamour models to partake in kiss-and-tell interviews about their dalliances with famous men. The notoriety of their alleged bed-hopping often propels their popularity and they are often promoted by their current or former fling. With Page 3 models becoming fixtures in the British tabloids, glamour models such as Jordan, now known as
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marriage, motherhood, and domesticity. Originally titled the "Brownskin" model, black women refined the social, sexual, and racial realities confined in the gender expectations of the modelling world. There was a profound need for black women to partake in the advertising process for the new "Negro Market". With the help of
Branford Models, the first black agency, 1946 was the beginning of the black modelling era. Branford Models' was able to "overturn the barriers facing African Americans in the early postwar period," especially by lifting at least one economic freedom. In this postwar America, the demand for such presence in magazines advanced "as a stage for models to display consumer goods" while assisting "in constructing a new visual discourse of urban middle-class African America". In March 1966,
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inequality, the United States recognised the urgency of opening the "doors of social access and visibility to black
Americans". The world of fashion was the gateway for social change. "The world of fashion was similarly looked to as a place where the culture could find signs of racial progress. Expressions of beauty and glamour mattered. Good race relations required taking note of who was selling women lipsticks and mini skirts, which meant that advertisers began looking for black models" Black models were looked to as the vehicle of social change. They were given the opportunity to balance out the lack of presence of black individuals in the mainstream culture. Agencies were beginning to scout black models and focus on the social change they were contributing to.
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364:. Throughout Europe, secretarial services acted as models' agents charging them weekly rates for their messages and bookings. For the most part, models were responsible for their own billing. In Germany, agents were not allowed to work for a percentage of a person's earnings, so they referred to themselves as secretaries. Except for a few models travelling to Paris or New York, travelling was relatively unheard of for a model. Most models only worked in one market due to different labour laws governing modelling in various countries. In the 1960s, Italy had many fashion houses and
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1272:, were among the many black models that helped Team America win and stun the French competition. This competition made the black model a worldwide phenomenon. The French were beginning to welcome diversity on the runway and in their advertising. With the recognition Versailles had given, black presence in the modelling world carried out into the 1980s and the 1990s. The models were now known by name and the publicity that came with the designers they were modelling for. With the rise of the supermodel, models like
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1120:, are amateur models who model part-time for fashion magazines in conjunction to school work and their main jobs. Unlike professional models, street models are meant to represent the average person in appearance and do not appear on runways. Street models are not exclusively contracted to fashion magazines. If a street model is popular enough, some become exclusive models. Many fashion icons and musicians in Japan began their careers as street models, including
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1240:, one of the most influential black models in the industry. Her rise to fame led to her being hired by international magazines and working on individual projects with designers across the globe. In the Life Magazine issue, Black Beauty, a new agency that represented black models, had a spread in the magazine that showcased 39 black models. Each one of the models had unique features, allowing black expression to progress through this historic magazine spread.
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1378:. In conversation with Trebay of Los the New York Times, Banks stated that her first cover on Sports Illustrated "changed life overnight. You have to think back to remember what that did for an appreciation of black beauty to have a black girl, a girl next door type, on the cover of one of the most mass mainstream magazines of our lives. It was a societal statement, a political statement, and an economic one". Now, models like
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before 5:00 pm or after 10:00 pm on school nights, nor were they to work later than 12:30 am on non-school nights; the models may not return to work less than twelve hours after they leave; a pediatric nurse must be on-site; an adult chaperone must accompany models under sixteen; parents or guardians of underage models must create a trust fund account into which employers will transfer a minimum of 15% of the
666:. By 1983, Elite had developed its own contest, the Elite Model Look competition. In New York, during the 1980s there were so-called "model wars" in which the Ford and Elite agencies fought over models and campaigns. Models were jumping back and forth between agencies such Elite, Wilhelmina, and Ford. In New York, the late 1980s trend was the boyish look in which models had short cropped hair and looked
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1931:, special promotional events, clubs, or even at outdoor public spaces. Promotional models may also be used as TV hosts/anchors for interviewing celebrities at film awards, sports events, etc. They are often held at high-traffic locations to reach as many consumers as possible or at venues where a particular type of target consumer is expected to be present.
1002:. According to the New York Better Business Career Services website, the preferred dimensions for a male model are a height of 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) to 6 ft 2 in (188 cm), a waist of 26–32 in (66–81 cm) and a chest measurement of 39–40 in (99–102 cm). Male runway models are notably skinny and well toned.
1248:, creator of Fashion Week and a major " of the narrative of American fashion", set up a dinner and a fundraiser to both increase American fashion visibility and restore the palace of Versailles. Five French designers and five American designers battled it out on the runway, showing off the fashion, and for the Americans, black models as well.
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idols may sometimes wear clothing that exposes most of their body, they seldom appear fully nude. Gravure idols may be as young as pre-teen age up to their early thirties. In addition to appearing in mainstream magazines, gravure idols often release their own professional photobooks and DVDs for their fans. Many popular
1953:. A spokesmodel may be a celebrity used only in advertisements (in contrast to a brand ambassador who is also expected to represent the company at various events), but more often the term refers to a model who is not a celebrity in their own right. A classic example of the spokesmodel is the models hired to be the
654:; it was estimated that she earned about $ 300,000 a year in 1980 (equivalent to $ 931,463 in 2023). It was common for models to travel abroad and work throughout Europe. As modeling became global, numerous agencies began to think globally. In 1980, Ford Models, the innovator of scouting, introduced the
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Some reports suggest that a number of
Instagram models obtain extra income by covertly working as prostitutes. Websites accusing various models of this, often without reliable evidence, have increased in popularity recently, sometimes with the unintended effect of increasing their earnings. But false
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Atmosphere models are hired by the producers of themed events to enhance the atmosphere or ambience of their event. They are usually dressed in costumes exemplifying the event's theme and are often placed strategically in various locations around the venue. It is common for event guests to have their
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Catwalk or runway models display clothes from fashion designers, fashion media, and consumers. They are also called "live models" and are self-employed. Their height is generally over 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) for men and over 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) for women. Runway models work in
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had acquired 1.8 million
Instagram followers by 2017, parodying celebrity fashion photographs with real-life reenactments. In 2016, French organisation Addict Aide ran a campaign to raise awareness for alcohol abuse among young people in which a model posed as Louise Delage, a fictitious 25-year-old
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in the United States went under. During this time, there was a growing trend of glamour models, including Kellie
Acreman and Lauren Pope, becoming DJs to supplement their income. In a 2012 interview, Keeley Hazell said that going topless is not the best way to achieve success and that " was lucky to
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in 2019 has stated that she was told by a well-known international modelling agency "...that it was too bad that I wasn't a size 10. That plus size is a big market right now and it's too bad I wasn't measuring bigger. My size (4/6) is considered an "in-between size", meaning I'm not a straight model
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Male and female models must also possess clear skin, healthy hair, and attractive facial features. Stringent weight and body proportion guidelines form the selection criteria by which established, and would‑be, models are judged for their placement suitability, on an ongoing basis. There can be some
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Many of the world's most prominent modeling agencies were established in the 1970s and early 1980s. These agencies created the standard by which agencies now run. In 1974, Nevs Models was established in London with only a men's board, the first of its kind. Elite Models was founded in Paris in 1975,
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The innovations of the 1960s flowed into the 1970s fashion scene. As a result of model industry associations and standards, model agencies became more business minded, and more thought went into a model's promotional materials. By this time, agencies were starting to pay for a model's publicity. In
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hired by the company renting the booth space. They are hired for several reasons: trade show models can make a company's booth more visible from the hundreds of other booths competing for attendee attention. They are articulate and quickly learn and explain or disseminate information on the company
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for a product, service, brand, or concept by interacting in person with potential consumers. The vast majority of promotional models tend to be attractive in physical appearance. They serve to provide information about the product or service and make it appealing to consumers. While the interaction
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Gravure idols appear in a wide range of photographic styles and genres. Their photos are largely aimed at male audiences with poses or activities intended to be provocative or suggestive, generally accentuated by an air of playfulness and innocence rather than aggressive sexuality. Although gravure
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Glamour modelling focuses on sexuality; thus, general requirements are often unclear, depending more on each case. Glamour models can be any size or shape. A study from 2014 that analysed glamour model profiles estimated that the mean values of female models were 1.68 m (height), 54 kg (weight) and
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While they represented diversity, a major gap in the fashion industry, it was only until the 1970s that black models had a substantial presence in the modelling world. Known as the "Black is
Beautiful" movement, the 1970s became the era of the black model. With growing disenfranchisement and racial
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and advertising photography for cosmetics, household and pharmaceutical products and sunglasses, footwear and watches. Therefore, plus-size models do not exclusively wear garments marketed as plus-size clothing. This is especially true when participating in fashion editorials for mainstream fashion
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Plus-size models are models who generally have larger measurements than editorial fashion models, and are not necessarily overweight. The primary use of plus-size models is to appear in advertising and runway shows for plus-size labels. Plus-size models are also engaged in work not strictly related
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were established and represented models in a similar way that agencies do today. By the late 1960s, models were treated better and were making better wages. One of the innovators, Ford Models, was the first agency to advance models money they were owed and would often allow teen models, who did not
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In 1967, seven of the top model agents in London formed the
Association of London Model Agents. The formation of this association helped legitimise modelling and changed the fashion industry. Even with a more professional attitude towards modelling, models were still expected to have their hair and
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There are several agencies in large markets such as New York, London, and
Germany that have fitness modelling agencies. While there is a large market for these models, most of these agencies are secondary agencies promoting models who typically earn their primary income as commercial models. There
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writing, "Since I am not model-skinny, but also not super-fat... I fall into that nebulous, 'Normal
American Woman Size' that legions of fashion stylists detest... Many stylists hate that size because, I think, to them, I lack the self-discipline to be an aesthetic, or the sassy confidence to be a
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In 2013, New York toughened its child labour law protections for models under the age of eighteen by passing New York Senate Bill No. 5486, which gives underage models the same labour protections afforded to child actors. Key new protections included the following: underage models are not to work
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It was not until the 1990s that modern glamour modelling was established. During this time, the fashion industry was promoting models with waif bodies and androgynous-looking women, which left a void. Several fashion models, who were deemed too commercial, and too curvaceous, were frustrated with
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differ from runway models in that they do not walk down a runway, but rather just stand on an elevated platform. They resemble live mannequins placed in various places throughout an event. Attendees can walk up to the models and inspect and even feel the clothing. Podium
Modelling is a practical
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dominated the London fashion scene and were well paid, unlike their predecessors. Twiggy became The Face of '66 at the age of 16. At this time, model agencies were not as restrictive about the models they represented, although it was uncommon for them to sign shorter models. Twiggy, who stood at
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Hands are the most in-demand body parts. Feet models are also in high demand, particularly those that fit sample-size shoes. Models are also successful modelling other specific parts including abs, arms, back, bust or chest, legs, and lips. Some petite models (females who are under 5 ft
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The arrival of black women modelling as a profession began in early postwar America. It started most notably from the need of advertisers and a rise of black photography magazines. The women who advanced in such careers were those in a middle-class system emphasising the conservative value of
1674:, became household names. By 2004, Page 3 regulars earned anywhere from £30,000 to 40,000, where the average salary of a non-Page 3 model, as of 2011, was between £10,000 and 20,000. In the early 2000s, glamour models, and aspiring glamour models, appeared on reality television shows such as
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The criteria for runway models include certain height and weight requirements. During runway shows, models have to constantly change clothes and makeup. Models walk, turn, and stand to demonstrate a garment's key features. Models also go to interviews (called "go and sees") to present their
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However, the most significant controversy of the 2000s was the health of high-fashion models participating in fashion week. While the health of models had been a concern since the 1970s, there were several high-profile news stories surrounding the deaths of young fashion models due to
2050:, promoting products such as fashion brands and detox teas. High-profile influencers can earn thousands of dollars for promoting commercial brands. When choosing whom to employ, brands have become less concerned with the number of followers an influencer has and more focused on their
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The British Association of Model Agents (AMA) says that female models should be around 34"-24"-34" and between 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) and 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) tall. The average model is very slender. Those not meeting the size requirement may try to become a
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Also known as the "in-between" and "middle models", they are neither considered catalogue size (0–2) nor plus-size (10 up). There is criticism that these models have been left out of the conversation because fashion companies and brands opt to employ the extremes of the spectrum.
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Fitness modelling focuses on displaying a healthy, toned physique. Fitness models usually have defined muscle groups. The model's body weight is greater due to muscle being denser than fat; however, they have a lower body fat percentage and a higher degree of muscle definition.
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portfolios. The more experience a model has, the more likely she/he is to be hired for a fashion show. A runway model can also work in other areas, such as department store fashion shows, and the most successful models sometimes create their own product lines or go into acting.
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With the movement's presence both in magazines and on the runway, designers began to realise the need to include black models on their runways and advertisements. The Battle of Versailles was one of the most notable moments in fashion history that put black models on the map.
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and its product(s) and service(s). And they can assist a company in handling a large number of attendees, which the company might otherwise not have enough employees to accommodate, possibly increasing the number of sales or leads resulting from participation in the show.
2279:"fashion models 1940s, fashion modeling in 1940, Forties Fashion modeling agencies, first fashion modeling agency in New York, 1940s fashion models, John Powers modeling agency, girls of the John Roberts Powers modeling agency, Powers Girls Photographs, popular 1"
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alumni parlayed their fifteen minutes of fame into successful glamour modelling careers. However, partly because of competition from the upcoming internet -giving audiences access to large amounts of, often free, online content- and its own glamour stars, such as
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The height of models is typically 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m) and above for women, and 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m) and above for men. Models who are shorter than these heights usually fall under the category of petite or commercial models.
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by proclaiming them the "million dollar faces" of the beauty industry. These models negotiated previously unheard-of lucrative and exclusive deals with giant cosmetics companies, were instantly recognizable, and their names became well known to the public.
587:, the first of a chain of agencies in Asia. In 1977, Select Model Management and Why Not Models in Milan opened its doors. By the 1980s, agencies such as Premier Model Management, Storm Models, Mikas, Marilyn, and Metropolitan Models had been established.
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Monge-Najera, J. & Vega, K. (2014). Female models in an American glamour website: geographic distribution, modeling limits and income according to their self presentations. Research Journal of the Costa Rican Distance Education University, 6(1),
670:. In Europe, the trend was the exact opposite. During this time, many American models who were considered more feminine-looking moved abroad. By the mid-1980s, big hair was made popular by some musical groups, and the boyish look was out. The
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by posting engaging photos of themselves and their lifestyles, and are consequently hired by a company to advertise products as their influence and popularity can increase sales. They should not be confused with established models such as
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debuted. The magazine set the trend by photographing "bigger and healthier" California models, and printing their names by their photos, thus turning many of them into household names and establishing the issue as a hallmark of
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rose to fame on runways and became popular in commercial modelling throughout the 2000s. Some have tied this increase in Brazilian models to the trend of magazines featuring celebrities instead of models on their covers.
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Parts model divisions can be found at agencies worldwide. Several agencies solely represent parts models, including Hired Hands in London, Body Parts Models in Los Angeles, Carmen Hand Model Management in New York and
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competition, established in 1980. Ford also focused its attention on Brazil, which had a wide array of seemingly "exotic" models, which eventually led to the establishment of Ford Models Brazil. During this time, the
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244:", when he asked his wife, Marie Vernet Worth, to model the potential clients for the clothes he designed. The term "house model" was coined to describe this type of work. Eventually, this became common practice for
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Petite models are models that are under the typical height requirements that are expected of fashion models. Petite models typically work more often in commercial and print modelling (rather than runway modelling).
1451:). They are frequently part of television commercials. Many parts models have exceptionally attractive body parts, but there is also demand for unattractive or unusual looking body parts for particular campaigns.
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By the mid-1990s, black presence in the modelling world had dramatically decreased. Designers began to favour a consistent aesthetic and elected for skinnier white models. This reality was paved by models such as
487:-haired, blue-eyed models and not enough clients. It was during this time that Ford Models pioneered scouting. They would spend time working with agencies holding modeling contests. This was the precursor to the
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but desperately needed models. Italian agencies often coerced models to return to Italy without work visas by withholding their pay. They would also pay their models in cash, which models would have to hide from
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length may be short, the promotional model delivers a live experience that reflects on the product or service he or she represents. This form of marketing touches fewer consumers for the cost than traditional
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to have their hotel rooms raided by the police looking for their work visas. It was rumoured that competing agencies were behind the raids. This led many agencies to form worldwide chains; for example, the
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picture taken with atmosphere models. For example, if someone is throwing a "Brazilian Day" celebration, they would hire models dressed in samba costumes and headdresses to stand or walk around the party.
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Fitness models are often used in magazine advertising; they can also in some cases be certified personal fitness trainers. However, other fitness models are also athletes and compete as professionals in
2111:, an Indian teenage actress, rose to prominence in the Tamil film industry after gaining popularity as an Instagram model with over 145,000 followers on her account by 2017. Iraqi cross-dressing model,
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was considered the best market in Europe due to its more organised and innovative approach to modelling. It was during this period that models began to become household names. Models such as
108:; thus, appearing in a film or a play is not generally considered to be "modelling". Personal opinions are normally not expressed, and a model's reputation and image are considered critical.
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began commanding very large sums. During the 1940s and 1950s, Graziani was the most photographed woman in France and the undisputed queen of couture, while Fonssagrives appeared on over 200
1913:(such as print, radio, and television); however, the consumer's perception of a brand, product, service, or company is often more profoundly affected by a live person-to-person experience.
1831:, then known as Wilbert Anthony Gordon, was the top greeting card model in the world and inspired a cottage industry, including greeting cards, T-shirts, fans, stationery, gift bags, etc.
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magazines. Some plus-size models have appeared in runway shows and campaigns for mainstream retailers and designers such as Gucci, Guess, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Levi's and Versace Jeans.
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the median earnings for a model in the United States, as of 2021, is $ 34,000 annually. There are approximately 3,200 men and women who work as models full-time in the United States.
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banned models under the age of sixteen as well as models who appeared to have an eating disorder. Similarly, other countries placed bans on unhealthy, and underage models, including
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Parisian whose Instagram photos nearly always featured alcohol. The account amassed 65,000 followers in a month, after which a reveal video posted to it had over 160,000 views.
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modelling. Models are featured in various media formats, including books, magazines, films, newspapers, the Internet, and television. Fashion modelling is sometimes featured in
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makeup done before they arrived at a shoot. Meanwhile, agencies took responsibility for a model's promotional materials and branding. That same year, former top fashion model
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has blurred the line between reality and social media, amassing more than 200,000 followers without revealing whether she is real or computer-generated. Australian comedian
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passed a law requiring models to be declared healthy by a doctor to participate in fashion shows. The law also requires re-touched images to be marked as such in magazines.
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and reality TV stars, frequently participate in modelling contests, assignments, and contracts in addition to their regular work. Modelling often is a part-time activity.
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3765:"CAMILLE KOSTEK on Instagram: "Recently I experienced a situation that rattled me for a moment, so I wanted to take it to my page for whoever is open to reading.I made…""
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models work a trade show floorspace or booth and represent a company to attendees. Trade show models are typically not regular employees of the company, but are
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In the late 2000s, the Brazilians fell out of favour on the runways. Editorial clients were favouring models with a china-doll or alien look to them, such as
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Vogels, Josey, and Smee, Tracy. "Object of Desire: Idealized Male Bodies Sell Everything from Underwear to Appliances; Are We Creating a Male Beauty Myth?"
248:. There were no standard physical measurement requirements for a model, and most designers would use women of varying sizes to demonstrate variety in their
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accusations on these sites can harm legitimate models' reputations, and some women in the industry consider them a way for men to exert power over women.
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had almost 300,000 Instagram followers in 2016, earning most of her social media income from endorsing products on Instagram. Australian personal trainer
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competitors followed suit and produced their own Page 3 sections. It was during this time that glamour models first came to prominence with the likes of
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Fashion modelling also includes modelling clothing in fashion magazines. In Japan, there are different types of fashion magazine models. Exclusive models
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models or models with distinctive attributes. This type of modelling is usually a cross between glamour modelling and art modelling. Publishers such as
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Haidarali, Laila (2005). "Polishing Brown Diamonds: African American Women, Popular Magazines, and the Advent of Modeling in Early Postwar America".
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in American boxing. In some cases, Instagram gives unsigned models a platform to attract the attention of agencies and talent scouts. American model
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There is no industry standard for glamour modelling and it varies greatly by country. For the most part, glamour models are limited to modelling in
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2019:, begin their careers conventionally and subsequently become Instagram models. Some models use Instagram success to develop their careers, such as
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5 feet 6 inches (168 cm) with a 32" bust and had a boy's haircut, is credited with changing model ideals. At that time, she earned
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1563:, music videos, and extra work in films. However, some extremely popular glamour models transition into commercial print modelling, appearing in
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was among the first black models in the industry to gain recognition in Paris. However, these models were unknown outside the fashion community.
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strategy. Research indicates that 89% of influencers use Instagram to promote themselves, compared to 20% using Twitter and 16% using Facebook.
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persisted. Banks not only dominated the runway as a teen, she took over countless pop culture platforms. Being the first black model to cover
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variation regionally, and by market tier, subject to current prevailing trends at any point, in any era, by agents, agencies and end-clients.
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began photographing their girlfriends in various outfits. Instagram models often attempt to become social media influencers and engage in
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also was a model and had died immediately after a runway show several months prior. They were amongst the three fashion models to die of
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2087:. With Facebook's continuing decrease in post reach, Instagram has increasingly become cosplayers' favourite platform. American actress
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process that was once a staple of newspaper photo features. The rotogravure process is still used for commercial printing of magazines,
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are models who regularly appear in a fashion magazine and model exclusively for it. On the other hand, street models, or "reader models"
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1308:, and more have all featured Campbell in their campaigns. She used her remarkable success to achieve more than fashion excellence.
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733:", and were boosted to global recognition and new heights of wealth for the industry. In 1991, Turlington signed a contract with
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1021:– still have 35"-23.5"-35" measurements. Although in some fashion centres, a size 00 is more desirable than a size 0.
259:. Models remained fairly anonymous, and relatively poorly paid, until the late 1940s, when the world's first three supermodels,
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subsequently asked designers to sign a contract stating they would not use models under the age of sixteen. On March 3, 2012,
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gained a following of 2.8 million people on Instagram by 2015 and developed a career as a lingerie model. Plus-size models
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Formerly, the required measurements for models were 35"-23.5"-35" in (90-60-90 cm), the alleged measurements of
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to check the fit, drape and visual appearance of a design on a representative human being, effectively acting as a live
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and more are continuing the fight for black presence in the modelling world and using their successors as inspiration.
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By the late 1990s, the heroin chic era had run its course. Teen-inspired clothing infiltrated mainstream fashion, teen
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Instagram model techniques and aesthetics have also been used in unconventional or parody profiles. Instagram model
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acquired 5.5 million Instagram followers, allowing her to build a business in the fitness industry. Brazilian model
5147:"This Instagram model has thousands of followers and they're mostly people trying to work out if she's fake or not"
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to meet commercial modelling demand. The mid‑1990s also saw many Asian countries establishing modelling agencies.
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6 in (1.68 m) and do not qualify as fashion models) have found success in women's body part modelling.
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903:(BMI) requirement. The French law also requires digitally altered pictures of models to be identified as such.
5060:"Millionaire models of Instagram: The stunning women you've never heard of raking in the cash on social media"
5029:"Kayla Itsines: The personal trainer turned Instagram star on social media, body image and her new found fame"
3646:
3949:
Black Models Matter: Challenging the Racism of Aesthetics and the Facade of Inclusion in the Fashion Industry
3554:"Fashion's new Dahling; All Woman: Sophie Makes A Comeback with Three New Contracts and a Sexy, Slimmer Look"
4945:
4442:
Rebel Heart: An American Rock 'n' Roll Journey: Bebe Buell, Victor Bockris: 9780312266943: Amazon.com: Books
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1599:. As a result, the United Kingdom has a very large glamour market and numerous glamour modelling agencies.
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alternative way of presenting a fashion show when space is too limited to have a full runway fashion show.
1013:. Today's fashion models tend to have measurements closer to the AMA-recommended shape, but some – such as
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2038:
The Instagram model concept originated in the late 2000s, when the boyfriends of fashion bloggers such as
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left the fashion world and began modelling for men's magazines. In the previous decades, posing nude for
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911:'s gross earnings; and employers must set aside time and a dedicated space for educational instruction.
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650:, one of the top earning models in 1980, earned $ 200 an hour for print and $ 2,000 for television plus
5289:"Sexist websites are 'ruining lives' of women on Instagram, exposing them as 'escorts and prostitutes'"
4810:
3824:"There's a group of women that the clothing industry is ignoring — and it's costing them tons of money"
2837:
2079:
acquired over 250,000 Instagram followers by 2014, gaining success from her ability to impersonate the
1869:
are also magazines that are geared towards specifically fitness modelling or getting fit and in shape.
1689:, the offline glamour market became saturated by the mid-2000s, and numerous men's magazines including
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Some Instagram models have gained high-profile modelling jobs and become celebrities. Fitness model
3468:"How Dokumo, "Amateur Fashion Models", Have Been Making Impacts on Japanese Girls' Fashion Culture"
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2393:"David Bailey's favourite model Jean Shrimpton was the Shrimp who sparked the Sixties – Telegraph"
2011:, who use Instagram to promote their traditional modelling careers, although some models, such as
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were engaged in a legal battle, with each agency alleging that the other was stealing its models.
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were some of the top black fashion models who paved the way for black women in fashion. In 1975,
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magazine, labeled one of the "New Beauties", giving further name recognition to fashion models.
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1370:, and Claude Monanta, Banks was truly dominating the fashion world. In addition, she acted in
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in shaping the careers of fashion models. One of the most popular models during the 1940s was
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192:, but almost any medium may be used. Although commercial motives dominate over aesthetics in
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2023:, who worked as a fashion model before being discovered via Instagram and gaining work as a
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different locations, constantly travelling between those cities where fashion is well known—
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in New York. Parts Models is the largest parts agency, representing over 300 parts models.
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2004:
1945:"Spokesmodel" is a term used for a model who is employed to be associated with a specific
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Darwell, Robert A.; Theodore C. Max; Edwin Komen; James A. Mercer III (29 October 2013).
2115:, was killed in September 2023 as part of an increase in violence against LGBTQ+ people.
200:
or by informal groups of experienced artists who gather to share the expense of a model.
4739:"From Construction to High Fashion: How Instagram Helped This Male Model Get Discovered"
4493:
1888:
4345:
3713:"Myla Dalbesio on Her New Calvin Klein Campaign and the Rise of the 'In-Between' Model"
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2462:
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2100:
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1981:
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In the UK, glamour modelling became a prominent feature of the newspaper industry when
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1292:, Russian Vogue, and the first British black model to cover British vogue. Brands like
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1183:
1171:
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705:, "we don't wake up for less than $ 10,000 a day". Evangelista and her contemporaries,
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260:
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177:
3686:"Why the Average American Woman Is Being Left Out of the Traditional Fashion Industry"
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that includes the human figure. The most common types of art created using models are
5380:
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Mara Schiavocampo; Claire Pedersen; Timor Balaish; Lauren Effron (26 February 2015).
4709:
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2016:
1950:
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5262:"Insta-hookers? Sites say they expose 'Instagram models' who are really prostitutes"
4172:
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662:
in New York. In 1981, cosmetics companies began contracting top models to lucrative
506:
5344:
2871:(First ed.). New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. p. 134.
2803:"The Fashion World Is Rocked by Model Wars, Part Two: the Ford Empire Strikes Back"
2746:"Who Is Patti Hansen? Just the Successor to Tiegs and Fawcett, or So Says Scavullo"
1954:
1896:, a cigarette brand they are promoting, printed on the backside of their shorts in
1828:
1827:
in Germany introduced alternative models and punk photography to larger audiences.
1816:
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in 1969, a section in their newspaper which featured sexually suggestive images of
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1213:
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1024:
The often thin shape of many fashion models has been criticised for warping girls'
924:
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became arguably the most recognisable models in the world, earning the moniker of "
674:, a fashionable trend from the late 1940s to the early 1960s, has made a comeback.
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agents. It was not uncommon for models staying in hotels such as La Louisiana in
2457:
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2119:
1998:
Instagram models are people who have accumulated a large number of followers on
1940:
1807:
is any model who does not fit into the conventional model types and may include
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4998:"Why Snapchat's Influencer Economy Runs on Hot Tubs, Selfies, and Whey Protein"
4440:
3797:"'Sports Illustrated' model Camille Kostek was told to adjust her measurements"
2536:
2488:
196:, its artwork commonly employs models. Models are most frequently employed for
17:
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2138:
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2039:
2020:
2008:
1969:
1965:
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1311:
1277:
1265:
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1025:
872:
859:
841:
797:, the models who rose to fame had to be sexier for the digital age. Following
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The high fashion models of the late 1980s dominated the early 1990s. In 1990,
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197:
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The modelling profession expanded to photo modelling with the development of
4828:
4341:"Coco Rocha Trains New Generation of Models to Survive a Predatory Industry"
3344:
2703:
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229:, fashion had been displayed in miniature form to (often royal) clients by
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2233:
1340:, Banks was one of the most prominent models in the early 2000s. Covering
285:, who was paid $ 25 per hour, a large sum at the time; through the 1950s,
4228:
1850:
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1639:
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was a stepping stone which catapulted the careers of Victoria Silvstedt,
1564:
1556:
1538:
1489:
1421:
951:
3121:"The New Catwalk Experience: New York Tightens Laws for Underage Models"
5177:"The model world of Instagram parody star Celeste Barber – in pictures"
2834:"Kitchen Table Conversation with Cindy Morris and Roxan Gould on Vimeo"
2072:
2031:
entered the profession as a result of being discovered on Instagram by
2012:
1646:
In the mid-1990s, a series of men's magazines were established such as
1547:
1073:
1041:
1014:
959:
855:
782:
370:
140:
71:
4468:"'Interviú' desnuda a Nereida Gallardo, la novia de Cristiano Ronaldo"
3095:"How Have 'Model Health' Laws Actually Impacted the Fashion Industry?"
2779:
1704:
be in that 1% of people that get that, and become really successful."
744:" trend became popular amongst New York and London editorial clients.
682:
470:
live locally, to reside in their house, a precursor to model housing.
337:
in New York, making it one of the oldest model agencies in the world.
4777:"Instafamous: Meet the social media influencers redefining celebrity"
1820:
1552:
1363:
1293:
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615:
406:
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101:
5239:"Model reveals the truth about prostitution in the fashion industry"
4494:"BBC News – Sussex benefit cheat glamour model Dionne Stenner fined"
3952:(MA thesis). City University of New York – via Academic Works.
3064:"Vogue bans models who are too skinny, underage - style - TODAY.com"
2217:
Great Fashion Designs of the Victorian Era Paper Dolls in Full Color
5208:"Who is Louise Delage? New Instagram influencer not what she seems"
4946:"The Hottest Female Cosplayers On Instagram | Cosplay News Network"
2566:
567:
landed a then-unprecedented million-dollar contract as the face of
3994:"Robin Givhan: Confronting the Lack of Black Models on the Runway"
3067:
1980:
1946:
1897:
1887:
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1603:
industry standards, and took a different approach. Models such as
1524:
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By the 1980s, most models could make modeling a full-time career.
589:
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378:
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344:
105:
49:
31:
4699:
Seaver, Linda. The Secret of Her Excess Oakland Tribune (8-13-87)
4439:
Rebel Heart: An American Rock 'n' Roll Journey (13 August 2001).
1048:, died from heart problems secondary to malnutrition. Her sister
3585:"Anna Nicole Smith's Death Five Years On: Timeline of a Tragedy"
2567:"The Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue: An intellectual history"
947:
63:
3916:"Donyale Luna, The First Black Model To Cover Vogue UK (PHOTO)"
1529:
Glamour models posing on the red carpet — Hollywood, California
1252:
stated "it was the black models that had made the difference."
4384:"UK | Magazine | Page Three girls – the naked truth"
4020:"At 45, Tyra Banks Is Back on the Cover of Sports Illustrated"
3439:
3368:
2107:
have used Instagram to demonstrate their potential as models.
1654:
439:
425:
3034:"Fashion news: Underage models banned at London Fashion Week"
2833:
762:, there was a need for healthier-looking supermodels such as
4287:"I Was DeNiro's Leg: Tales from the parts-modeling industry"
4050:
Fashion-Incubator:Lessons from the Sustainable Factory Floor
1439:
Some models are employed for their body parts. For example,
1611:
resulted in models losing their agencies and endorsements.
1036:
in September 2006 turned away models who were judged to be
571:'s Babe perfume and the same year appeared on the cover of
236:
Modelling as a profession was first established in 1853 by
96:) is considered to be different from other types of public
5369:(Montréal), vol. 3, no. 46 (14-20 Dec. 1995), p. , 10–11.
1040:
by medical personnel who were on hand. In February 2007 a
946:. Second-tier international fashion centre cities include
5373:.: The caption title (on p. 10) is "Male Attention".
4890:"'Frozen' Lookalike, Anna Faith, Totally Looks Like Elsa"
4548:(Press release). MediaCorp. 30 April 2009. Archived from
3968:"Naomi Campbell and 10 Black Models Who Owned the Runway"
3647:"Why aren't there more 'middle' sized models in fashion?"
1588:
models. From 1970 models appeared topless. In the 1980s,
793:
and bare midriffs. As fashion changed to a more youthful
737:
that paid her $ 800,000 for twelve days' work each year.
461:
opened up her own fashion agency with her husband called
4623:
Galbraith, P. W.; Karlin, J. G., eds. (30 August 2012).
2622:
MODELING by Shahin Zartosht: A guide to becoming a Model
5121:"Popular Iraqi TikToker allegedly shot dead in Baghdad"
4860:"Jen Selter Shows off her Famous Butt in "Vanity Fair""
3523:"Q&A: Paul Marciano on 30 Years of Guess Campaigns"
1220:
model to appear on the cover of the British edition of
208:"Fashion model" redirects here. For the 1945 film, see
3738:"Size 10 model: Controversy over my body 'so surreal'"
2924:"Supermodel Status: A Brief History Of The Supermodel"
2421:. Twiggylawson.co.uk. 23 February 1966. Archived from
2306:"Jean Patchett, 75, a Model Who Helped Define the 50s"
1919:
that make use of promotional models may take place in
428:
2,037.32 in 2023) an hour, while the average wage was
277:
covers; her name recognition led to the importance of
54:
A female model posing on a typical studio shooting set
30:
This article is about the role a person may take as a
1443:
may be used to promote products held in the hand and
1284:, born in London, was the first black model to cover
27:
Person displaying products or serving as a visual aid
1374:
and created her own reality competition show called
1203:
total fatty hedonist. They're like, 'Pick a lane.'"
4546:"MediaCorp launches Style: Men, ARENA to be closed"
3407:
Models in France must provide doctor's note to work
2249:"Fabulous faces of fashion: A century of modelling"
1236:magazine in October 1969, covered their issue with
4811:"What It's Actually Like to Be an Instagram Model"
3772:
3645:
2442:
2440:
41:"Fashion Model" redirects here. For the film, see
5317:Model : the Ugly Business of Beautiful Women
3461:
3459:
3457:
3435:"A day in the life of a Japanese 'hostess' model"
3428:
3426:
3424:
3422:
2573:. Washington Post. Newsweek Interactive Co. LLC.
1664:. At the same time, magazines including Sweden's
1447:-related products. (e.g. rings, other jewelry or
1194:nor plus model, I'm right in the middle. Actress
658:contest. That same year, John Casablancas opened
517:The 1970s marked numerous milestones in fashion.
4520:"Big Brother: Only glamour models allowed – now"
4339:Bhasin, Kim; Holman, Jordyn (19 February 2021).
3008:"Model agency wars Next vs Ford (Vogue.com UK)"
1743:
1727:
1174:is a normal-size or "middle model" at size 4/6.
1113:
1097:
583:. The next year Cal-Carries was established in
233:, before the clothes were made in human size.
2456:Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2024).
2336:"Chanel Iman – Fashion Model – Profile on FMD"
1904:A promotional model is a model hired to drive
1757:
1737:
1721:
1198:has described this body type in her 2011 book
1107:
1091:
360:In the 1960s, the modelling world established
5349:Pricing Beauty: The Making of a Fashion Model
4972:"The Hottest Slave Leia Cosplay on Instagram"
4625:Idols and Celebrity in Japanese Media Culture
4377:
4375:
4373:
3897:"The tragic tale of Donyale Luna - Telegraph"
2928:Fashion Gone Rogue (www.fashiongonerogue.com)
1627:. Pamela Anderson became so popular from her
1149:, a size 16, is considered a plus-size model.
172:who provide a reference or inspiration for a
8:
4564:"Newsbeat – Revealed: 'My body makes money'"
4105:"Meet the model who stands in for Kate Moss"
3187:Career Opportunities in the Fashion Industry
748:became its poster child through her ads for
1631:spreads that she was able to land roles on
752:. With the popularity of lingerie retailer
341:The 1960s and the beginning of the industry
4068:
4066:
3494:"女子大生読者モデルは平成で終わる?ファッション誌で激減。もう憧れの存在ではない。"
2900:"Super models class of 1990 back in vogue"
2778:. Supermodeloftheworld.com. Archived from
2374:The Peter Marlowe Model Composite Archives
1056:in a six-month span. The other victim was
325:'s measurements are 32"-23"-33". In 1946,
4804:
4802:
4587:
4585:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2281:. Oldmagazinearticles.com. Archived from
321:'s measurements were 38"-24"-36" whereas
2597:Beverly Johnson's got the right attitude
2560:
2558:
1795:started their careers as gravure idols.
5331:Male Model: the World Behind the Camera
4770:
4768:
4766:
4764:
2953:Harper's Bazaar (www.harpersbazaar.com)
2704:"Elite Model Management India Pvt. Ltd"
2207:
1154:to selling large-sized clothing, e.g.,
5333:. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1979.
4732:
4730:
4420:from the original on 18 September 2012
4044:Fasanella, Kathleen (17 August 2010).
3334:Do thin models warp girls' body image?
3257:from the original on 30 September 2011
2710:from the original on 28 September 2012
2543:from the original on 14 September 2010
111:Types of modelling include: fine art,
5157:from the original on 6 September 2017
4787:from the original on 1 September 2017
4749:from the original on 29 December 2017
4500:from the original on 23 December 2011
4474:from the original on 21 December 2011
4394:from the original on 4 September 2012
4166:
4164:
3961:
3959:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3492:Kobayashi, Tetsuo (14 January 2019).
3314:from the original on 27 December 2016
3044:from the original on 15 November 2012
3014:from the original on 10 November 2012
2910:from the original on 21 December 2013
2813:from the original on 20 November 2012
2776:"Ford Models Supermodel of the World"
2744:Clurman, Shirley (18 February 1980).
2684:from the original on 8 September 2012
2577:from the original on 27 November 2007
777:was on the rise, and artists such as
525:woman to appear on the cover of U.S.
7:
5039:from the original on 9 December 2017
4900:from the original on 1 December 2017
4320:from the original on 2 December 2012
4229:"About Carmen Hand Model Management"
4115:from the original on 11 January 2014
3711:Chernikoff, Leah (7 November 2014).
3666:from the original on 11 January 2022
3615:"Levi's Boyfriend Collection F/W 10"
3595:from the original on 12 October 2012
3564:from the original on 19 October 2013
3433:Janette, Misha (16 September 2010).
3276:Effron, Lauren (14 September 2011).
3165:from the original on 19 October 2013
3131:from the original on 30 October 2013
2930:. Fashion Gone Rogue. 14 July 2015.
2898:Callahan, Susannah (4 August 2013).
2868:The Model As Muse: Embodying Fashion
2865:Harold Koda, Kohle Yohannan (2009).
2619:Zartosht, Shahin (27 January 2021).
1985:Atmosphere models at a costume party
1200:Is Everybody Hanging Out Without Me?
1118:, abbreviated as "dokumo" for short)
989:Fashion models on the runway during
848:. During the 2000s, Ford Models and
386:has branches in Paris and New York.
5145:Maya Oppenheim (6 September 2016).
4870:from the original on 23 August 2017
4649:"Bianca Beauchamp Cosplay in Latex"
4594:"Japan 101: Guide to Gravure Idols"
4570:from the original on 2 January 2012
4075:"Their hands are worth 1,200 a day"
3226:from the original on 29 August 2009
3152:"Interview with Catwalk Model Rusu"
2658:from the original on 6 January 2010
2513:. Fmmodelagency.com. Archived from
2399:from the original on 27 August 2012
2395:. London: Fashion.telegraph.co.uk.
2391:Armstrong, Lisa (20 January 2012).
2342:from the original on 30 August 2012
2316:from the original on 29 August 2012
656:Ford Models Supermodel of the World
489:Ford Models Supermodel of the World
5351:. University of California Press.
5329:Hix, Charles, and Michael Taylor.
5237:Roberts, Sophie (30 August 2017).
5218:from the original on 12 April 2018
5119:Morey, Alice (29 September 2023).
5070:from the original on 12 April 2018
4858:Stephanie Radvan (13 March 2014).
4522:. Nowmagazine.co.uk. 7 June 2012.
4314:"Five Fun Facts About Hand Models"
4179:from the original on 30 March 2013
4149:from the original on 11 April 2010
3992:Givhan, Robin (6 September 2013).
2885:from the original on 8 August 2016
2646:Fonseca, Nicholas (29 June 2001).
2565:Curtis, Bryan (16 February 2005).
1488:Podium model modelling a dress by
1032:. Organisers of a fashion show in
25:
5287:Rachel, Hosie (12 January 2017).
5008:from the original on 22 July 2016
4526:from the original on 28 June 2012
4382:Braid, Mary (14 September 2004).
4239:from the original on 28 July 2013
4209:from the original on 3 March 2013
4085:from the original on 4 March 2010
3966:Haynes, Clarence (24 June 2019).
3914:Wilson, Julee (1 February 2012).
3644:Holt, Bethan (10 November 2018).
3381:Ban on stick-think models illegal
3358:Skinny models banned from catwalk
3247:"how to become a plus size model"
3190:. Info base Publishing. pp.
3184:Vogt, Peter; Angie Wojak (2007).
2959:from the original on 18 July 2016
2934:from the original on 14 July 2015
1567:, bikini and lingerie campaigns.
1280:paved the way for black success.
759:Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue
495:Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue
168:. Artist's models are often paid
5187:from the original on 6 July 2017
5100:from the original on 14 May 2018
5027:Blair, Olivia (5 October 2016).
4496:. Bbc.co.uk. 12 September 2011.
4258:Herald Journal (30 March 2003).
4073:Hare, Brianna (10 August 2009).
3625:from the original on 13 May 2012
3533:from the original on 6 July 2012
3278:"Fashion Models: By the Numbers"
2840:from the original on 13 May 2013
2454:"consistent series" supplied in
2141:
5260:Falzone, Diana (19 July 2016).
4839:from the original on 2 May 2016
4675:"Cuh_Booom – It's Christie Jay"
4266:from the original on 7 May 2016
3583:Serpe, Gina (8 February 2012).
3302:Trebay, Guy (7 February 2008).
2537:"Europe's Leading Model Agency"
2485:"Europe's Leading Model Agency"
2448:Gross Domestic Product deflator
2304:Cathy Horyn (4 February 2002).
1863:fitness and figure competitions
1416:) is a person who is used by a
4920:"Anna Faith Top Ten Cosplayer"
4809:Rosie Spinks (7 August 2016).
4775:Heather Saul (27 March 2016).
4592:Jimi Okelana (10 March 2012).
4289:. Alan Burdick. Archived from
3521:Tran, Khan T.L. (1 May 2012).
2947:Brown, Laura (23 March 2009).
2904:New York Post (www.nypost.com)
2511:"FM Agency – London – Contact"
2370:"A Brief History Of Modelling"
2368:Peter Marlowe (January 2007).
2247:Walker, Harriet (4 May 2009).
2167:List of models in music videos
1841:Fitness and figure competition
1714:List of Japanese gravure idols
899:, which all enacted a minimum
579:as well as Friday's Models in
1:
5206:Hunt, Elle (6 October 2016).
5058:Sam Webb (26 December 2015).
4710:"Definition: Instagram Model"
4312:BellaSugar (11 August 2009).
2458:"What Was the U.K. GDP Then?"
2338:. Fashionmodeldirectory.com.
1734:, often abbreviated to gradol
614:, Lauren Hutton and Iman for
139:, including actors, singers,
66:either to display commercial
5319:. New York: IT Books, 2011.
4260:"A Model For Good Hand Care"
4171:FoxNews.com (13 July 2002).
3946:Newman, Scarlett L. (2017).
3552:Brown, Annie (3 July 2000).
3416:, The Guardian, 18 December.
3220:associationofmodelagents.org
3216:"Getting Started as a Model"
3010:. Vogue.co.uk. 24 May 2010.
2419:"Twiggy – The Official Site"
2162:Instagram's impact on people
1892:Two models with the logo of
1072:just after stepping off the
216:History of fashion modelling
3466:Satsuki (7 December 2015).
1744:
1728:
1534:0.73 (waist-to-hip ratio).
1186:who was on a solo cover of
1114:
1098:
921:Fashion show § Catwalk
801:'s breakthrough, a wave of
740:By the mid‑1990s, the new "
531:in 1974. Models, including
5413:
4894:The Huffington Post Canada
4285:Alan Burdick (July 2002).
4018:Trebay, Guy (8 May 2019).
3855:Journal of Women's History
2609:, Retrieved 23 August 2009
2487:. Models 1. Archived from
1938:
1881:
1849:Fitness model posing with
1838:
1711:
1518:
1509:Bureau of Labor Statistics
1401:
1135:
918:
821:
207:
150:
40:
29:
4566:. BBC. 10 December 2010.
4416:. Victoriasilvstedt.com.
2177:List of modeling agencies
2065:by 2014 and modelled for
1758:
1738:
1722:
1503:Earnings and demographics
1108:
1092:
597:, one of the most famous
465:. By 1968, FM Agency and
119:, fitness, and body-part
4139:"The sum of their parts"
2990:retrieved 13 July 2006
2980:Death of the Supermodels
2706:. Elitemodelsindia.com.
1718:In Japan, a gravure idol
1376:America's Next Top Model
991:Los Angeles Fashion Week
618:, Margaux Hemingway for
313:also dominated fashion.
130:America's Next Top Model
4466:Gente (26 April 2008).
3901:fashion.telegraph.co.uk
3125:The National Law Review
3093:TFL (12 October 2020).
2728:Best–Selling Beauties,
2648:"Entertainment Weekly:
1957:between 1954 and 1999.
1372:Fresh Prince of Bel Air
877:British Fashion Council
638:, and Cheryl Tiegs for
246:Parisian fashion houses
238:Charles Frederick Worth
4173:"'Part' Time Modeling"
4046:"What is a fit model?"
3918:– via Huff Post.
3867:10.1353/jowh.2005.0007
3822:Schlossberg, Mallory.
3529:. Women's Wear Daily.
3150:Rusu, M (April 2013).
2734:October 1981, page 120
1986:
1901:
1853:
1772:", which is a type of
1752:idol industry in Japan
1680:to gain fame. Several
1530:
1492:
1316:
1175:
1150:
994:
863:
837:
694:
601:
514:
483:had many tall, leggy,
453:
357:
146:
55:
36:Model (disambiguation)
34:. For other uses, see
5387:Modeling (profession)
5241:. News Corp Australia
4111:. 18 September 2008.
3371:. September 13, 2006.
3304:"The Vanishing Point"
3161:. Paris. p. 33.
3155:(Printed Publication)
2906:. NYP HOLDINGS, INC.
2607:The Houston Chronicle
1984:
1891:
1848:
1793:female idols in Japan
1528:
1487:
1314:
1170:
1145:
988:
862:, an Australian model
858:
850:NEXT Model Management
831:
685:
593:
509:
448:
442:382 in 2023) a week.
348:
53:
4976:Cosplay News Network
4950:Cosplay News Network
4924:Cosplay News Network
4679:Cosplay News Network
4653:Cosplay News Network
4552:on 16 December 2010.
4233:carmenhandmodels.com
3396:, February 16, 2007.
3390:, Jennifer Melocco,
3159:Expatriates Magazine
2994:15 July 2006 at the
2955:. Brant Publishing.
2832:Like (6 July 2010).
2517:on 28 September 2009
2052:engagement marketing
2048:influencer marketing
210:Fashion Model (film)
141:sports personalities
78:) or to serve as an
43:Fashion Model (film)
5397:Models (profession)
3777:on 23 December 2021
3591:. People Magazine.
3393:The Daily Telegraph
2949:"Classic Lindbergh"
2756:on 20 November 2012
2625:. Shahin Zartosht.
2450:figures follow the
2425:on 11 February 2003
2236:on 17 October 2007.
1917:Marketing campaigns
1787:product packaging.
1768:term derived from "
1521:Glamour photography
1058:Ana Carolina Reston
811:Alessandra Ambrosio
474:The 1970s and 1980s
389:By the late 1960s,
329:was established by
311:Carmen Dell'Orefice
257:fashion photography
227:14th-century Europe
62:is a person with a
5090:"Teen temptations"
4829:"Instagram Models"
4681:. 23 December 2017
4627:. Springer, 2012.
4262:. Herald Journal.
4024:The New York Times
3744:. 11 November 2014
3472:Tokyo Girls Update
3412:2016-12-26 at the
3386:2007-11-13 at the
3363:2006-11-24 at the
3339:2012-07-02 at the
3308:The New York Times
2982:by C. L. Johnson,
2782:on 6 December 2000
2680:. Fridayfarm.net.
2650:Papa's Little Girl
2602:2009-08-26 at the
2491:on 20 October 2012
2063:Internet celebrity
1987:
1902:
1878:Promotional models
1854:
1799:Alternative models
1605:Victoria Silvstedt
1531:
1493:
1362:, and walking for
1343:Sports Illustrated
1338:Sports Illustrated
1317:
1264:, Jennifer Brice,
1189:Sports Illustrated
1176:
1151:
1084:Magazine modelling
995:
864:
838:
787:Christina Aguilera
715:Christy Turlington
695:
602:
515:
454:
434:15 (equivalent to
420:80 (equivalent to
362:modelling agencies
358:
56:
5358:978-0-520-26033-7
4978:. 21 January 2018
3201:978-0-8160-6841-8
3074:on 4 October 2012
2878:978-1-58839-312-8
2632:979-8-7012-4573-8
2539:. Models 1.
2230:"modelworker.com"
2192:Female body shape
2033:Wilhelmina Models
1977:Atmosphere models
1961:Trade show models
1911:advertising media
1884:Promotional model
1873:Commercial models
1805:alternative model
1625:Anna Nicole Smith
1507:According to the
1315:Tyra Banks (1995)
1258:Bethann Hardiason
1250:Oscar de la Renta
1156:stock photography
1126:Kyary Pamyu Pamyu
805:models including
754:Victoria's Secret
723:Stephanie Seymour
701:famously said to
699:Linda Evangelista
664:endorsement deals
604:In October 1981,
565:Margaux Hemingway
479:the early 1970s,
463:Wilhelmina Models
459:Wilhelmina Cooper
366:fashion magazines
319:Wilhelmina Cooper
287:Wilhelmina Cooper
269:Lisa Fonssagrives
240:, the "father of
204:Fashion modelling
16:(Redirected from
5404:
5392:Human appearance
5362:
5315:Gross, Michael.
5304:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5183:. 30 June 2017.
5173:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5142:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5096:. 23 July 2017.
5094:Deccan Chronicle
5086:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5044:
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4994:
4988:
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4961:
4959:
4957:
4952:. 21 August 2018
4942:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4926:. 8 October 2018
4916:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4896:. 13 June 2014.
4886:
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4664:
4662:
4660:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4600:. Archived from
4589:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
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4509:
4507:
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4490:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4470:. 20minutos.es.
4463:
4457:
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4225:
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4218:
4216:
4214:
4199:"Cool Companies"
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4168:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4137:(4 April 2010).
4135:Susannah Cahalan
4131:
4125:
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4120:
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3911:
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3893:
3887:
3886:
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3838:
3836:
3834:
3828:Business Insider
3819:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3776:
3771:. Archived from
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
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3702:
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3573:
3571:
3569:
3558:The Daily Record
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3499:Business Insider
3489:
3483:
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3451:
3449:
3447:
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3417:
3403:
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3372:
3355:
3349:
3332:Nanci Hellmich,
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3245:sawyer, Meieli.
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
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3156:
3147:
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3138:
3136:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3070:. Archived from
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3004:
2998:
2986:21 October 2002
2977:
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2820:
2818:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2752:. Archived from
2741:
2735:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2674:
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2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2376:. Archived from
2365:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2255:. Archived from
2244:
2238:
2237:
2232:. Archived from
2226:
2220:
2212:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2089:Caitlin O'Connor
1994:Instagram models
1763:
1761:
1760:
1749:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1634:Home Improvement
1594:
1561:fetish modelling
1418:fashion designer
1218:African-American
1119:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1070:anorexia nervosa
1030:eating disorders
1028:and encouraging
915:Runway modelling
869:eating disorders
672:hourglass figure
632:Cristina Ferrare
437:
433:
423:
419:
377:or the Arena in
265:Bettina Graziani
166:creative process
94:American English
21:
5412:
5411:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5377:
5376:
5359:
5343:
5312:
5310:Further reading
5307:
5297:
5295:
5293:The Independent
5286:
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5259:
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5219:
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5200:
5190:
5188:
5175:
5174:
5170:
5160:
5158:
5151:The Independent
5144:
5143:
5139:
5129:
5127:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5103:
5101:
5088:
5087:
5083:
5073:
5071:
5057:
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5052:
5042:
5040:
5033:The Independent
5026:
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4698:
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4658:
4656:
4655:. 6 August 2017
4647:
4646:
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4635:
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4621:
4617:
4607:
4605:
4604:on 28 July 2016
4591:
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4175:. FoxNews.com.
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3414:Wayback Machine
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3388:Wayback Machine
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3365:Wayback Machine
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3341:Wayback Machine
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3099:The Fashion Law
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2800:
2799:
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2783:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2604:Wayback Machine
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2504:
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2446:United Kingdom
2445:
2438:
2428:
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2417:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2380:on 8 July 2008.
2367:
2366:
2355:
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2343:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2285:on 1 April 2011
2277:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2253:The Independent
2246:
2245:
2241:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2172:Modeling agency
2147:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2109:Yashika Aannand
2044:Chiara Ferragni
2005:Cara Delevingne
1996:
1979:
1963:
1943:
1937:
1906:consumer demand
1886:
1880:
1875:
1843:
1837:
1801:
1755:
1735:
1719:
1716:
1710:
1617:Pamela Anderson
1592:
1543:men's magazines
1523:
1517:
1505:
1482:
1469:
1437:
1406:
1400:
1392:Jasmine Sanders
1270:Ramona Saunders
1246:Eleanor Lambert
1209:
1165:
1140:
1138:Plus-size model
1134:
1105:
1089:
1086:
1000:plus-size model
927:
919:Main articles:
917:
901:body mass index
826:
820:
818:2000s and since
799:Gisele Bündchen
680:
519:Beverly Johnson
511:Beverly Johnson
476:
435:
429:
424:1,639.1 or
421:
415:
343:
315:Dorothea Church
283:Jinx Falkenburg
223:
218:
213:
206:
182:figure painting
164:as part of the
158:Artist's models
155:
149:
147:Artist's models
92:("modeling" in
82:or to pose for
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Model (fashion)
15:
12:
11:
5:
5410:
5408:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5379:
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5375:
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5363:
5357:
5341:
5327:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5279:
5252:
5229:
5198:
5168:
5137:
5111:
5081:
5050:
5019:
4989:
4963:
4937:
4911:
4881:
4850:
4820:
4798:
4760:
4726:
4714:Pixlee Turn To
4701:
4692:
4666:
4640:
4634:978-1137283788
4633:
4615:
4598:Axiom Magazine
4581:
4555:
4537:
4511:
4485:
4458:
4451:
4431:
4405:
4369:
4359:
4346:Bloomberg News
4331:
4316:. BellaSugar.
4304:
4293:on 13 May 2013
4277:
4250:
4220:
4190:
4160:
4126:
4096:
4062:
4036:
4010:
3984:
3955:
3921:
3906:
3888:
3840:
3814:
3788:
3755:
3729:
3703:
3677:
3636:
3606:
3575:
3544:
3513:
3484:
3453:
3418:
3405:Kim Willsher,
3398:
3373:
3350:
3325:
3294:
3268:
3237:
3207:
3200:
3176:
3142:
3111:
3085:
3055:
3025:
2999:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2944:
2920:
2895:
2877:
2851:
2824:
2801:Rayl, Salley.
2793:
2767:
2736:
2721:
2695:
2669:
2638:
2631:
2611:
2588:
2554:
2528:
2502:
2476:
2463:MeasuringWorth
2452:MeasuringWorth
2436:
2410:
2383:
2353:
2327:
2310:New York Times
2296:
2270:
2259:on 28 May 2011
2239:
2221:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2187:Time for print
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2149:Fashion portal
2136:
2133:
2124:Celeste Barber
2101:Iskra Lawrence
2097:Claudia Alende
2061:had become an
2029:Matthew Noszka
1995:
1992:
1978:
1975:
1962:
1959:
1951:advertisements
1939:Main article:
1936:
1933:
1925:shopping malls
1882:Main article:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1836:
1835:Fitness models
1833:
1800:
1797:
1729:gurabia aidoru
1709:
1706:
1621:Jenny McCarthy
1519:Main article:
1516:
1515:Glamour models
1513:
1504:
1501:
1481:
1478:
1468:
1465:
1436:
1433:
1402:Main article:
1399:
1398:Fitting models
1396:
1368:Chrisitan Dior
1326:Stella Tennant
1286:American Vogue
1282:Naomi Campbell
1274:Naomi Campbell
1208:
1205:
1191:Swimsuit Issue
1184:Camille Kostek
1172:Camille Kostek
1164:
1161:
1147:Chloe Marshall
1136:Main article:
1133:
1130:
1115:dokusha moderu
1099:senzoku moderu
1085:
1082:
1011:Marilyn Monroe
916:
913:
832:The identical
819:
816:
779:Britney Spears
727:Yasmeen Ghauri
719:Tatjana Patitz
711:Cindy Crawford
707:Naomi Campbell
689:, part of the
679:
676:
595:Naomi Campbell
521:was the first
475:
472:
450:Jean Shrimpton
438:307.33 or
395:Jean Shrimpton
384:Marilyn Agency
342:
339:
261:Barbara Goalen
222:
219:
217:
214:
205:
202:
178:figure drawing
151:Main article:
148:
145:
80:artist's model
26:
24:
14:
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10:
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6:
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2:
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5346:
5345:Mears, Ashley
5342:
5340:
5339:0-312-50938-3
5336:
5332:
5328:
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5325:0-062-06790-7
5322:
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5007:
5003:
5002:Bloomberg L.P
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3803:. 10 May 2019
3802:
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3743:
3739:
3733:
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3707:
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3692:. 30 May 2018
3691:
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3661:
3657:
3653:
3652:The Telegraph
3648:
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3502:(in Japanese)
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2839:
2836:. Vimeo.com.
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2178:
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2173:
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2168:
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2157:Hip hop model
2155:
2154:
2150:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2113:Noor Alsaffar
2110:
2106:
2105:Tess Holliday
2102:
2098:
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2093:Kayla Itsines
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2018:
2017:Lindsey Pelas
2014:
2010:
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1993:
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1983:
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1825:Goliath Books
1822:
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1788:
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1767:
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1708:Gravure idols
1707:
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1514:
1512:
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1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:Podium models
1491:
1486:
1480:Podium models
1479:
1477:
1473:
1467:Petite models
1466:
1464:
1462:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1423:
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1415:
1414:fitting model
1411:
1405:
1397:
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1334:Veronica Webb
1331:
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1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:TIME magazine
1287:
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1254:Pat Cleveland
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1066:heart failure
1063:
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1019:Zohre Esmaeli
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834:Carlson Twins
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541:Pat Cleveland
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467:Models 1
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403:Celia Hammond
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170:professionals
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160:pose for any
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5268:. Fox News
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3619:models.com
3589:people.com
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2807:People.com
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