3906:; quote: "Most people refer to Israeli Hebrew simply as Hebrew. Hebrew is a broad term, which includes Hebrew as it was spoken and written in different periods of time and according to most of the researchers as it is spoken and written in Israel and elsewhere today. Several names have been proposed for the language spoken in Israel nowadays, Modern Hebrew is the most common one, addressing the latest spoken language variety in Israel (Berman 1978, Saenz-Badillos 1993:269, Coffin-Amir & Bolozky 2005, Schwarzwald 2009:61). The emergence of a new language in Palestine at the end of the nineteenth century was associated with debates regarding the characteristics of that language.... Not all scholars supported the term Modern Hebrew for the new language. Rosén (1977:17) rejected the term Modern Hebrew, since linguistically he claimed that 'modern' should represent a linguistic entity that should command autonomy towards everything that preceded it, while this was not the case in the new emerging language. He also rejected the term Neo-Hebrew, because the prefix 'neo' had been previously used for Mishnaic and Medieval Hebrew (Rosén 1977:15–16), additionally, he rejected the term Spoken Hebrew as one of the possible proposals (Rosén 1977:18). Rosén supported the term Israeli Hebrew as in his opinion it represented the non-chronological nature of Hebrew, as well as its territorial independence (Rosén 1977:18). Rosén then adopted the term Contemporary Hebrew from Téne (1968) for its neutrality, and suggested the broadening of this term to Contemporary Israeli Hebrew (Rosén 1977:19)"
2312:(the number of Biblical Hebrew roots, on which many of these words are based, is 2099). The number of attested Rabbinic Hebrew words is less than 20,000, of which (i) 7879 are Rabbinic par excellence, i.e. they did not appear in the Old Testament (the number of new Rabbinic Hebrew roots is 805); (ii) around 6000 are a subset of Biblical Hebrew; and (iii) several thousand are Aramaic words which can have a Hebrew form. Medieval Hebrew added 6421 words to (Modern) Hebrew. The approximate number of new lexical items in Israeli is 17,000 (cf. 14,762 in Even-Shoshan 1970 ). With the inclusion of foreign and technical terms , the total number of Israeli words, including words of biblical, rabbinic and medieval descent, is more than 60,000.
364:
3923:; quote: The language with which we are concerned in this contribution is also known by the names Contemporary Hebrew and Modern Hebrew, both somewhat problematic terms as they rely on the notion of an unambiguous periodization separating Classical or Biblical Hebrew from the present-day language. We follow instead the now widely-used label coined by Rosén (1955), Israeli Hebrew, to denote the link between the emergence of a Hebrew vernacular and the emergence of an Israeli national identity in Israel/Palestine in the early twentieth century."
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been so influenced by various substrate languages that it is genealogically a hybrid with Indo-European. Those theories have not been met with general acceptance, and the consensus among a majority of scholars is that Modern Hebrew, despite its non-Semitic influences, can correctly be classified as a
Semitic language. Although European languages have had an impact on Modern Hebrew, the impact may often be overstated. Although Modern Hebrew has more of the features attributed to
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265:
57:
401:
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The Latin "familia", from which
English "family" is derived, entered Mishnaic Hebrew - and thence, Modern Hebrew - as "pamalya" (פמליה) meaning "entourage". (The original Latin "familia" referred both to a prominent Roman's family and to his household in general, including the entourage of slaves and
2361:
and other languages. Simultaneously, Israeli Hebrew makes use of words that were originally loanwords from the languages of surrounding nations from ancient times: Canaanite languages as well as
Akkadian. Mishnaic Hebrew borrowed many nouns from Aramaic (including Persian words borrowed by Aramaic),
1060:
based on historical layers of Hebrew that incorporates foreign elements, mainly those introduced during the most critical revival period between 1880 and 1920, as well as new elements created by speakers through natural linguistic evolution. A minority of scholars argue that the revived language had
4005:
Sáenz-Badillos, Ángel and John
Elwolde: "There is general agreement that two main periods of RH (Rabbinical Hebrew) can be distinguished. The first, which lasted until the close of the Tannaitic era (around 200 CE), is characterized by RH as a spoken language gradually developing into a literary
814:. Ben-Yehuda codified and planned Modern Hebrew using 8,000 words from the Bible and 20,000 words from rabbinical commentaries. Many new words were borrowed from Arabic, due to the language's common Semitic roots with Hebrew, but changed to fit Hebrew phonology and grammar, for example the words
3713:
In 1879 he wrote an article for the Hebrew press advocating Jewish immigration to
Palestine. Ben-Yehuda argued that only in a country with a Jewish majority could a living Hebrew literature and a distinct Jewish nationality survive; elsewhere, the pressure to assimilate to the language of the
3714:
majority would cause Hebrew to die out. Shortly afterwards he reached the conclusion that the active use of Hebrew as a literary language could not be sustained, notwithstanding the hoped-for concentration of Jews in
Palestine, unless Hebrew also became the everyday spoken language there.
1052:
eras and retains its
Semitic character in its morphology and in much of its syntax, some scholars posit that Modern Hebrew represents a fundamentally new linguistic system, not directly continuing any previous linguistic state. Though this is not the consensus among scholars.
4020:
and sees RH being replaced by
Aramaic as the spoken vernacular, surviving only as a literary language. Then it continued to be used in later rabbinic writings until the tenth century in, for example, the Hebrew portions of the two Talmuds and in midrashic and haggadic
4099:: "In retrospect, question should be rephrased, substituting the Rothschild house for the British state and the 1880s for 1919. For by the time the British conquered Palestine, Hebrew had become the everyday language of a small but well-entrenched community."
2255:(VSO), but drifted into SVO. In the modern language, a sentence may correctly be arranged in any order but its meaning might be hard to understand unless אֶת is used. Modern Hebrew maintains classical syntactic properties associated with VSO languages: it is
4071:, "What would the future of Hebrew have been, had not the British Mandate in 1919 accepted it as one of the three official languages of Palestine, at a time when the number of people speaking Hebrew as an everyday language was less than 20,000?"
2209:. Modern Hebrew showcases much of the inflectional morphology of the classical upon which it was based. In the formation of new words, all verbs and the majority of nouns and adjectives are formed by the classically Semitic devices of
2362:
as well as from Greek and to a lesser extent Latin. In the Middle Ages, Hebrew made heavy semantic borrowing from Arabic, especially in the fields of science and philosophy. Here are typical examples of Hebrew loanwords:
5034:
576:
Currently, Hebrew is spoken by approximately 9–10 million people, counting native, fluent, and non-fluent speakers. Some 6 million of these speak it as their native language, the overwhelming majority of whom are
4434:
4765:
See p. 62 in
Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2006), "A New Vision for 'Israeli Hebrew': Theoretical and Practical Implications of Analysing Israel's Main Language as a Semi-Engineered Semito-European Hybrid Language",
4755:
Corpus
Linguistics and Modern Hebrew: Towards the Compilation of The Corpus of Spoken Israeli Hebrew (CoSIH)", Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University, The Chaim Rosenberg School of Jewish Studies, 2003, pp. 85–104.
4779:
Yael Reshef. "The Re-Emergence of Hebrew as a National Language" in Weninger, Stefan, Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet CE Watson, Gábor Takács, Vermondo Brugnatelli, H. Ekkehard Wolff et al. (eds)
4420:
2239:
The syntax of Modern Hebrew is mainly Mishnaic but also shows the influence of different contact languages to which its speakers have been exposed during the revival period and over the past century.
2225:). Mishnaic attributive patterns are often used to create nouns, and Classical patterns are often used to create adjectives. Blended words are created by merging two bound stems or parts of words.
5175:
4893:
2189:
Modern Hebrew has fewer phonemes than Biblical Hebrew but it has developed its own phonological complexity. Israeli Hebrew has 25 to 27 consonants, depending on whether the speaker has
832:('socks'). In addition, early Jewish immigrants, borrowing from the local Arabs, and later immigrants from Arab lands introduced many nouns as loanwords from Arabic (such as
4430:
4034:
8119:
905:
One of the phenomena seen with the revival of the Hebrew language is that old meanings of nouns were occasionally changed for altogether different meanings, such as
660:(חיים רוזן) supported the now widely used term "Israeli Hebrew" on the basis that it "represented the non-chronological nature of Hebrew". In 1999, Israeli linguist
6021:
4495:
3726:
4417:
5240:
4030:
Tudor Parfitt; The Contribution of the old Yishuv to the Revival of Hebrew, Journal of Semitic Studies, Volume XXIX, Issue 2, 1 October 1984, Pages 255–265,
898:, etc.), as well as much of Modern Hebrew's slang. Despite Ben-Yehuda's fame as the renewer of Hebrew, the most productive renewer of Hebrew words was poet
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3978:
5267:
6618:
5976:
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constructions, the possessee noun precedes the possessor. Moreover, Modern Hebrew allows and sometimes requires sentences with a predicate initial.
3802:
6569:
6544:
3996:אברהם בן יוסף ,מבוא לתולדות הלשון העברית (Avraham ben-Yosef, Introduction to the History of the Hebrew Language), page 38, אור-עם, Tel Aviv, 1981.
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Modern Hebrew has expanded its vocabulary effectively to meet the needs of casual vernacular, of science and technology, of journalism and
872:
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1844:
1190:
4855:
3419:
1195:
is represented interchangeably by a simple vav "ו", non-standard double vav "וו" and sometimes by non-standard geresh modified vav "ו׳".
7470:
7465:
6638:
6633:
1953:
715:
570:
979:
adjective meaning 'trodden down' or 'blazed', rather than a common noun. It was originally used to describe a blazed trail. The flower
363:
5305:
5189:
4905:
3580:
8011:
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4725:
4665:
4625:
4586:
4378:
4162:
3686:
3610:
5205:
4561:
Weninger, Stefan, Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet CE Watson, Gábor Takács, Vermondo Brugnatelli, H. Ekkehard Wolff et al.
6559:
4522:
2070:
1182:
1158:
7865:
7525:
6564:
6554:
6048:
2393:
2382:
2024:
1908:
7298:
6893:
5932:
5927:
5300:
3375:
780:
758:
605:
601:
460:
282:
4910:
4671:
3873:
3616:
3321:
3294:
2193:. It has 5 to 10 vowels, depending on whether diphthongs and vowels are counted, varying with the speaker and the analysis.
3348:
3264:
1103:
script is used in handwriting. When necessary, vowels are indicated by diacritic marks above or below the letters known as
8050:
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6461:
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freedmen which accompanied him in public - hence, both the English and the Hebrew one are derived from the Latin meaning.)
3537:
1174:
1166:
7880:
8114:
8094:
7475:
7460:
6628:
6613:
6007:
5937:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2078:
2033:
1980:
1836:
1821:
1785:
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8044:
7565:
7227:
6623:
6337:
5452:
3502:
2218:
1997:
1898:
1812:
1025:
718:, during about 1200 to 586 BCE. Scholars debate the degree to which Hebrew remained a spoken vernacular following the
483:
277:
150:
3700:
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6482:
6475:
6041:
5102:
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2087:
2016:
1936:
1890:
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1864:
807:
803:
655:
8109:
8104:
7434:
7429:
7291:
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2053:
1942:
1870:
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145:
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5649:
5418:
5253:
2716:
2202:
1828:
418:
5074:
3975:
2904:
2864:
763:
Hebrew had been spoken at various times and for a number of purposes throughout the Diaspora, and during the
303:
7857:
7758:
7606:
7416:
6946:
6883:
6707:
6093:
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5644:
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4153:
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2042:
1926:
1803:
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582:
542:
476:
321:
237:
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8089:
6269:
6106:
6083:
6078:
5654:
5310:
5147:
4509:
3219:
3185:
3168:
3131:
3077:
3054:
3037:
3004:
2977:
2962:
2921:
2896:
2881:
2851:
2836:
2805:
2774:
2741:
2705:
2669:
2633:
2606:
2591:
2564:
2550:
2513:
2491:
2474:
2447:
2419:
2330:
2063:
2049:
2001:
1987:
1946:
1932:
1919:
1904:
1874:
1860:
1065:
than Biblical Hebrew, it is still quite distant, and has fewer such features than Modern Standard Arabic.
140:
8054:
8040:
7587:
7540:
7520:
7513:
7503:
7498:
7490:
7322:
7271:
6843:
6516:
6196:
6182:
6168:
5879:
5639:
5493:
4412:
being only an adjective or descriptive word, but not a common noun as it is used today. It is said that
3639:
2234:
2059:
1971:
1962:
1679:
1666:
1646:
1013:
811:
566:
507:
487:
244:
130:
6909:
5171:
4889:
3959:
2301:
1706:
661:
8001:
7952:
7784:
7198:
6247:
5759:
5488:
5235:
4232:
4148:
2085:
2076:
2068:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2014:
2005:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1924:
1896:
1888:
1879:
1851:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1819:
1810:
1801:
1794:
1792:
1783:
1775:
1766:
1758:
1188:
1180:
1172:
1164:
1156:
723:
719:
581:
or immigrated during infancy. The rest is split: 2 million are immigrants to Israel; 1.5 million are
1713:
1686:
650:
600:
Under Israeli law, the organization that officially directs the development of Modern Hebrew is the
7991:
7545:
7535:
7212:
6850:
6793:
6721:
6682:
6658:
6503:
6318:
6279:
5886:
5792:
5596:
5214:
1653:
1612:
1591:
1584:
1350:
1021:
468:
155:
1740:
1733:
1693:
1570:
7926:
7918:
7832:
7778:
7653:
7615:
7581:
7508:
5960:
5901:
5896:
5774:
5711:
5181:
5062:
4897:
4795:
4489:
4224:
3850:
3720:
2326:
2151:
2101:
2007:
1768:
899:
791:
776:
538:
7818:
7036:
6914:
1747:
1726:
1673:
1660:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1605:
1577:
641:
The term "Modern Hebrew" has been described as "somewhat problematic" as it implies unambiguous
4576:
1700:
1598:
8021:
8007:
7973:
7839:
7184:
6978:
6857:
6730:
6491:
6449:
6323:
6116:
6064:
5952:
5849:
5782:
5747:
5743:
5696:
5185:
5157:
5133:
5127:
5112:
5088:
5016:
4995:
4974:
4944:
4901:
4845:
4839:
4753:
Izre'el, Shlomo (2003). "The Emergence of Spoken Israeli Hebrew." In: Benjamin H. Hary (ed.),
4721:
4661:
4621:
4615:
4582:
4477:
4374:
4370:
4352:
4280:
4168:
4158:
4128:
4088:
4060:
4054:
3940:
3757:
3747:
3692:
3682:
3655:
3606:
3576:
3427:
3230:
3195:
1057:
1017:
981:
734:
550:
546:
527:
472:
135:
5082:
5010:
4713:
4122:
4082:
3934:
3587:
Hebrew is cited by Paulston et al. (1993:276) as 'the only true example of language revival.'
3570:
7981:
7938:
7933:
7922:
7901:
7890:
7846:
7663:
7628:
7591:
7447:
7424:
7377:
7314:
7264:
7219:
7205:
7015:
6966:
6929:
6834:
6820:
6786:
6756:
6737:
6702:
6468:
6442:
6416:
6376:
6369:
6309:
6292:
6264:
6240:
6132:
6000:
5405:
5373:
5340:
5151:
5078:
4714:"Is Modern Hebrew the only "Indo-Europeanied" Semitic Language? And what about Neo-Aramaic?"
3822:
3794:
3647:
3507:[Population, by Population Group, Religion, age and sex, district and sub-district]
3090:
2859:
2752:
2680:
2430:
2358:
2354:
2334:
2272:
1111:
1096:
1041:
1000:
For a simple comparison between the Sephardic and Yemenite versions of Mishnaic Hebrew, see
772:
586:
531:
519:
4108:
7997:
7987:
7977:
7764:
7682:
7643:
7402:
7397:
7382:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7331:
7232:
7136:
7110:
7059:
6924:
6864:
6772:
6765:
6749:
6743:
6670:
6421:
6297:
6287:
5947:
5911:
5874:
5866:
5839:
5817:
5753:
5731:
5508:
5410:
5400:
5378:
5352:
5347:
5335:
5295:
5290:
5276:
4914:
4424:
4292:
4038:
3982:
3400:
3098:
3017:
2646:
2350:
2346:
2309:
2206:
1084:
1074:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1001:
704:
691:
682:
673:
646:
594:
456:
443:
408:
224:
203:
198:
193:
160:
122:
109:
77:
4413:
4407:
4401:
557:. Soon after, a large number of Yiddish and Judaeo-Spanish speakers were murdered in the
3743:
The Revival of Classical Tongue : Eliezer Ben Yehuda and the Modern Hebrew Language
8070:
7801:
7791:
7752:
7687:
7392:
7387:
7192:
7146:
7116:
7093:
7087:
6971:
6919:
6800:
6574:
6403:
5764:
5483:
5473:
5388:
5383:
4315:- based on the Erfurt and Vienna Codices (ed. M.S. Zuckermandel), Jerusalem 1970, s.v.
3642:. In Weninger, Stefan; Khan, Geoffrey; Streck, Michael P.; Watson, Janet C. E. (eds.).
3142:
2785:
2452:
2342:
2297:
2260:
1224:
1206:
1100:
1078:
730:
578:
523:
511:
228:
217:
103:
5225:
354:
17:
8083:
8032:
7948:
7895:
7885:
7875:
7771:
7701:
7674:
7576:
7571:
7126:
7121:
7031:
6303:
5721:
5616:
4709:
4050:
2536:
2285:
1386:
1269:
1215:
1120:
1091:, or consonant-only script of 22 letters based on the "square" letter form, known as
948:
768:
642:
4208:) was used formerly for the same, and had the equivalent meaning of the Arabic word
2205:(formation, structure, and interrelationship of words in a language) is essentially
714:
Jewish contemporary sources describe Hebrew flourishing as a spoken language in the
463:
in the late 19th century and early 20th century, it is the official language of the
7825:
7052:
5891:
5807:
5739:
5581:
5541:
5521:
5468:
5153:
The Schizoid Nature of Modern Hebrew: A Slavic Language in Search of a Semitic Past
5030:
4742:
The Schizoid Nature of Modern Hebrew: A Slavic Language in Search of a Semitic Past
3845:
3190:
2281:
2210:
1991:
1760:
1395:
1323:
1251:
686:
87:
3371:
5106:
4989:
4968:
4655:
4111:(1922): "English, Arabic and Hebrew shall be the official languages of Palestine"
3877:
3600:
3317:
3290:
810:
in the 1880s and the official status it received in the 1922 constitution of the
8017:
7811:
7693:
6677:
6362:
5966:
5812:
5536:
5478:
5393:
4908:
4416:(1847–1924) is the one who coined this modern Hebrew word for 'road'. See
3344:
3260:
3009:
2479:
2190:
1242:
414:
3788:
3544:
733:
as a vernacular language somewhere between 200 and 400 CE, declining after the
664:
proposed the term "Israeli" to represent the multiple origins of the language.
7944:
6224:
6175:
5856:
5210:
5084:
Introduction to the Semitic Languages: Text Specimens and Grammatical Sketches
4991:
Easing Into Modern Hebrew Grammar: A User-friendly Reference and Exercise Book
4542:
4537:
4501:
4469:
3798:
3761:
3651:
2268:
2263:
precede main verbs; main verbs precede their complements, and noun modifiers (
764:
746:
491:
4481:
2308:
The number of attested Biblical Hebrew words is 8198, of which some 2000 are
1123:
are used to indicate variations in the pronunciation of the consonants (e.g.
506:, the local or dominant languages of the regions Jews migrated to, and later
471:
in use. Coinciding with the creation of the state of Israel, where it is the
7870:
7719:
7668:
7648:
6189:
5831:
5802:
5053:
Ornan, Uzzi (2003). "The Final Word: Mechanism for Hebrew Word Generation".
4172:
3696:
3173:
2264:
1914:
960:
857:
558:
347:
331:
313:
295:
3512:
3511:(in Hebrew). Central Bureau of Statistics. 6 September 2017. Archived from
678:
The history of the Hebrew language can be divided into four major periods:
5231:
4356:
4284:
3874:"Kometz Aleph – Au• How many Hebrew speakers are there in the world?"
3460:
3112:
338:
56:
7724:
7561:
6961:
6827:
6231:
6217:
6203:
5906:
5498:
5319:
4186:
4031:
3676:
1049:
787:
5066:
1115:, which are consonantal letters used as vowels. Further diacritics like
7796:
7729:
7658:
7624:
7010:
6383:
6346:
6210:
4505:
4337:
4190:
4016:
2934:
2338:
2259:, rather than postpositional, in marking case and adverbial relations,
976:
920:
849:
799:
695:
554:
515:
503:
3741:
7238:
6152:
5797:
5706:
5701:
5686:
5681:
5631:
5586:
5571:
3042:
2524:
2499:
2322:
1332:
1305:
1233:
1152:
1116:
1105:
938:
885:
878:
865:
841:
834:
795:
699:
590:
562:
464:
400:
270:
66:
62:
6033:
6001:
Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures
4796:"Is Modern Hebrew Standard Average European? The View from European"
4084:
Politics and Education in Israel: Comparisons with the United States
783:
as a mother tongue in the late 19th century and early 20th century.
616:
The most common scholarly term for the language is "Modern Hebrew" (
7283:
790:, Mishnaic spelling and grammar, and Sephardic pronunciation. Many
7633:
5942:
5787:
5691:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5601:
5546:
5531:
5526:
5516:
5245:
4391:
4247:
3109:
2816:
1359:
1260:
1088:
916:
893:
738:
545:
Hebrew as a living language, motivated by his desire to preserve
5716:
5661:
5611:
5606:
5591:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
1377:
1368:
1341:
1296:
1287:
1278:
934:
495:
7287:
6037:
5249:
4644:, ed. Bernard Comrie, 686–704. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4157:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. ha-Milon he-ḥadash Ltd. p. 275.
685:, until about the 3rd century BCE; the language of most of the
5621:
5576:
3236:
1314:
475:, Modern Hebrew is the only successful instance of a complete
4361:
Agricultural Produce in the Land of Israel in the Middle Ages
3543:. Central Bureau of Statistics. November 2002. Archived from
826:(pl.) are now applied to 'socks', a diminutive of the Arabic
726:
became the predominant international language in the region.
4056:
Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality
3572:
Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization
975:), which now denotes a street or a road, but is actually an
5035:"Spoken Israeli Hebrew revisited: Structures and variation"
3675:
Mandel, George (2005). "Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer (1858–1922)".
4699:. Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics. (2013).
4457:
Esperanto and its Rivals, University of Pennsylvania Press
3962:(1999), "Review of the Oxford English-Hebrew Dictionary",
806:
was caused primarily by support from the organisations of
5177:
Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew
4894:
Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew
3575:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 63.
710:
Modern Hebrew, the language of the modern State of Israel
4557:
4555:
3504:אוכלוסייה, לפי קבוצת אוכלוסייה, דת, גיל ומין, מחוז ונפה
4941:
Rav-Milim: A comprehensive dictionary of Modern Hebrew
4431:"With Tu Bishvat Near, a Tree Grows in Zichron Yaakov"
2247:
The word order of Modern Hebrew is predominately SVO (
1083:
Modern Hebrew is written from right to left using the
947:(formerly 'cucumbers') is now applied to a variety of
4394:'s commentary on Exodus 9:17, where he says the word
498:
until the 3rd century BCE, when it was supplanted by
4697:
Revival of Hebrew: Grammatical Structure and Lexicon
4691:
4689:
4395:
4209:
4203:
4014:
would be composed. The second stage begins with the
3841:"A million and a half Israelis struggle with Hebrew"
1393:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1258:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1204:
992:
986:
964:
942:
891:
883:
863:
855:
847:
839:
827:
821:
815:
437:
8031:
7966:
7911:
7856:
7742:
7710:
7623:
7614:
7605:
7554:
7489:
7415:
7370:
7339:
7330:
7321:
7183:
7102:
7079:
7072:
7024:
7003:
6994:
6987:
6954:
6945:
6938:
6891:
6882:
6812:
6720:
6695:
6651:
6596:
6537:
6526:
6515:
6430:
6393:
6354:
6345:
6336:
6278:
6257:
6160:
6151:
6142:
6104:
6071:
5985:
5920:
5865:
5830:
5773:
5730:
5630:
5507:
5461:
5445:
5438:
5366:
5328:
5283:
4833:
4831:
802:. Its acceptance by the early Jewish immigrants to
345:
329:
311:
293:
288:
276:
256:
251:
234:
214:
186:
119:
93:
83:
73:
32:
5241:Academy of the Hebrew Language: How a Word is Born
5221:Should You Learn Modern Hebrew or Biblical Hebrew?
5211:The Corpus of Spoken Israeli Hebrew - introduction
4565:. An International Handbook. Berlin–Boston (2011).
4336:Thus explained by Maimonides in his Commentary on
4311:('jujubes'). See also Saul Lieberman, Glossary in
1028:subgroup. While Modern Hebrew is largely based on
737:of 132–136 CE, which devastated the population of
537:By the late 19th century, Russian-Jewish linguist
5226:History of the Ancient and Modern Hebrew Language
3569:Grenoble, Leonore A.; Whaley, Lindsay J. (2005).
3491:A Language in Space: The Story of x Sign Language
2331:dialects of Jewish immigrants from Arab countries
27:Standard form of the Hebrew language spoken today
5129:The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook
4970:Colloquial Israeli Hebrew: A Corpus-based Survey
4962:. Jerusalem: The Academy of the Hebrew Language.
4782:The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook
4617:Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics
3644:The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook
6022:Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament
3284:
3282:
2306:
4838:R. Malatesha Joshi; P. G. Aaron, eds. (2013).
4720:. Israel Oriental Studies. BRILL. p. 59.
3200:
7299:
6049:
5261:
4306:
3829:(4., erg. Aufl., Hamburg: Buske, 1984), p. 3.
2985:
2939:
389: <25% of the population speaks Hebrew
377: >50% of the population speaks Hebrew
8:
4364:
4322:
4316:
4300:
4275:
4252:
4240:
4197:
3920:
3212:
3178:
3161:
3147:
3124:
3070:
3047:
3030:
2997:
2970:
2955:
2949:(Hebrew word, only pronunciation is Yiddish)
2914:
2889:
2874:
2844:
2829:
2798:
2767:
2734:
2698:
2662:
2626:
2614:
2599:
2584:
2572:
2543:
2529:
2506:
2484:
2467:
2440:
2412:
2275:
970:
928:
910:
630:
617:
432:
383: 25–50% of the population speaks Hebrew
43:
4988:Gila Freedman Cohen; Carmia Shoval (2011).
4418:Haaretz, Contributions made by Ze'ev Yavetz
4127:. Stanford University Press. pp. 85–.
1044:liturgical and literary tradition from the
707:, from about the 6th to the 13th century CE
522:. Although Hebrew continued to be used for
7620:
7611:
7336:
7327:
7306:
7292:
7284:
7076:
7000:
6991:
6951:
6942:
6888:
6534:
6523:
6351:
6342:
6157:
6148:
6056:
6042:
6034:
5442:
5268:
5254:
5246:
4494:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4351:, Kefar Darom 2015, pp. 111, 149 (Hebrew)
4295:'s Commentary of the Jerusalem Talmud, on
3916:
3914:
3912:
3725:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3599:Huehnergard, John; Pat-El, Na'ama (2019).
3426:. University of California. Archived from
362:
55:
29:
4657:Comparative Semitic Linguistics: A Manual
4321:(p. LXL), explained in German as meaning
3899:
3897:
3895:
3148:
1095:(Assyrian), which was developed from the
4716:. In Shlomo Izre'el; Shlomo Raz (eds.).
4474:Flora and Fauna in Maimonides' Teachings
4349:Flora and Fauna in Maimonides' Teachings
4305:, which he explained to mean in Spanish
4272:Flora and Fauna in Maimonides' Teachings
4259:Flora and Fauna in Maimonides' Teachings
2364:
1197:
530:, and written correspondence, it became
3681:. Glenda Abramson ( ed.). London.
3411:
3251:
573:, where many adapted to Modern Hebrew.
419:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
4533:
4531:
4523:Matar – Science and Technology On-line
4487:
4476:(in Hebrew). Kfar Darom. p. 156.
4032:https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/XXIX.2.255
4006:medium in which the Mishnah, Tosefta,
3718:
1187:may also be written as "תש" and "טש".
919:', but in Modern Hebrew it now means '
4640:Robert Hetzron. (1987). "Hebrew". In
4595:from the original on 23 February 2023
4081:Swirski, Shlomo (11 September 2002).
3964:International Journal of Lexicography
3939:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 15–18.
3903:
3678:Encyclopedia of modern Jewish culture
3448:
625:). Most people refer to it simply as
490:, was spoken since antiquity and the
442:
7:
5232:Short History of the Hebrew Language
5126:Stefan Weninger (23 December 2011).
4841:Handbook of Orthography and Literacy
4261:, Kefar Darom 2015, pp. 177–178; 228
3638:Schwarzwald, Ora (Rodrigue) (2012).
3378:from the original on 10 October 2014
3351:from the original on 8 February 2005
3324:from the original on 10 October 2014
3297:from the original on 10 October 2014
3267:from the original on 11 October 2014
1056:Modern Hebrew is considered to be a
5012:Studies in Modern Semitic Languages
5009:Shlomo Izreʾel; Shlomo Raz (1996).
4718:Studies in Modern Semitic Languages
4365:
4317:
4301:
4276:
4253:
4241:
4198:
3372:"Loanwords in Hebrew from Akkadian"
3213:
3179:
3162:
3125:
3071:
3048:
3031:
2998:
2986:
2971:
2956:
2940:
2915:
2890:
2875:
2845:
2830:
2799:
2768:
2735:
2699:
2663:
2627:
2615:
2600:
2585:
2573:
2544:
2530:
2507:
2485:
2468:
2441:
2413:
2276:
971:
929:
915:), which in Mishnaic Hebrew meant '
911:
786:Modern Hebrew used Biblical Hebrew
631:
618:
571:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
459:spoken today. Developed as part of
433:
44:
7270:Languages between parentheses are
4880:. Austin: U of Texas, 1977. Print.
4858:from the original on 26 March 2023
4437:from the original on 28 March 2017
3318:"Loanwords in Hebrew from Turkish"
3291:"Loanwords in Hebrew from Russian"
2251:). Biblical Hebrew was originally
1012:Modern Hebrew is classified as an
585:, whose first language is usually
25:
4223:Maimonides' commentary and Rabbi
3345:"Loanwords in Hebrew from Ladino"
3261:"Loanwords in Hebrew from Arabic"
2321:Modern Hebrew has loanwords from
2150:
2100:
2058:
2052:
1996:
1990:
1941:
1935:
1913:
1907:
1869:
1863:
4768:Journal of Modern Jewish Studies
4674:from the original on 1 July 2023
4525:, the Common Anemone (in Hebrew)
4274:, Kfar Darom 2015, p. 157, s.v.
3827:Grammatik der jiddischen Sprache
3805:from the original on 1 July 2023
3768:from the original on 1 July 2023
3703:from the original on 1 July 2023
3619:from the original on 1 July 2023
3471:from the original on 14 May 2020
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1712:
1705:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1672:
1665:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
991:, was formerly called in Hebrew
541:had begun a popular movement to
399:
263:
5111:. University of Chicago Press.
4816:from the original on 7 May 2021
4429:Maltz, Judy (25 January 2013).
3872:Nachman Gur; Behadrey Haredim.
3538:"The Arab Population in Israel"
3424:UCLA Language Materials Project
2284:) follow the head noun; and in
1151:", each modified with a
767:it had developed into a spoken
421: instead of Hebrew letters.
7274:of the language on their left.
4878:Mechanisms of Syntactic Change
4784:. Berlin–Boston (2011). p. 551
4287:, explained to mean 'jujube' (
4124:Language in Time of Revolution
4059:. Cambridge University Press.
3933:Haiim Rosén (1 January 1977).
3793:, Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER,
3740:Fellman, Jack (19 July 2011).
963:. Another example is the word
781:revival of the Hebrew language
759:Revival of the Hebrew language
745:, Hebrew became restricted to
606:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
602:Academy of the Hebrew Language
455:, is the standard form of the
283:Academy of the Hebrew Language
65:" in Modern Hebrew, including
1:
8120:Subject–verb–object languages
8051:Algerian Jewish Sign Language
5061:. Haifa University: 285–287.
4406:('a blazed trail'), the word
4366:גידולי ארץ-ישראל בימי הביניים
3966:, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 325-346
3839:Klein, Zeev (18 March 2013).
812:British Mandate for Palestine
5156:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
5108:A Textbook of Israeli Hebrew
4408:
4402:
3237:
716:kingdoms of Israel and Judah
579:Jews who were born in Israel
4960:The Struggle for a Language
4654:Patrick R. Bennett (1998).
4642:The World's Major Languages
4396:
4210:
4204:
3646:. De Gruyter. p. 534.
1394:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1155:, represent the consonants
993:
987:
965:
943:
892:
884:
864:
856:
848:
840:
828:
822:
816:
569:emigrated to Israel in the
488:Afroasiatic language family
438:
8136:
7441:Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
5311:Transliteration to English
5206:Modern Hebrew Swadesh list
4958:Ben-Ḥayyim, Ze'ev (1992).
4844:. Routledge. p. 343.
4620:. Routledge. p. 199.
3605:. Routledge. p. 571.
3489:Meir & Sandler, 2013,
3201:
2232:
2182:
1072:
985:, called in Modern Hebrew
808:Edmond James de Rothschild
756:
671:
484:Northwest Semitic language
8064:
7256:
4400:is translated in Aramaic
4373:: Jerusalem 2000, p. 286
4227:'s commentary on Mishnah
4121:Benjamin Harshav (1999).
3799:10.1515/9783110869491.vii
3652:10.1515/9783110251586.523
3226:
3138:
3086:
3016:
3013:
2933:
2930:
2858:
2812:
2781:
2748:
2721:
2712:
2685:
2676:
2651:
2642:
2558:
2523:
2520:
2498:
2459:
2456:
2434:
2429:
2426:
2373:
2370:
2367:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1063:Standard Average European
959:), a plant native to the
933:) which is now used for '
589:; and half a million are
361:
258:Official language in
54:
45:
42:
37:
7881:Judeo-Hamedani–Borujerdi
7267:or historical languages.
5994:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar
5033:; Schiff, Leora (2005).
4939:Choueka, Yaakov (1997).
4614:Hadumod Bussman (2006).
4581:. Taylor & Francis.
3921:Matras & Schiff 2005
3503:
8012:Portuguese-based Creole
4575:Robert Hetzron (1997).
4548:(subscription required)
4235:'s Mishnah Commentary,
4214:('stockings'; 'socks').
4154:Even-Shoshan Dictionary
3986:Encyclopædia Britannica
2185:Modern Hebrew phonology
997:('the king's flower').
937:', but formerly meant '
604:, headquartered at the
565:, and many speakers of
534:as a spoken language.
467:, and the world's only
444:[ivˈʁitχadaˈʃa]
5075:Bergsträsser, Gotthelf
4347:2:6. See: Zohar Amar,
4323:
4307:
2314:
694:, the language of the
407:This article contains
370:Hebrew-speaking world:
38:Hebrew, Israeli Hebrew
18:Modern Hebrew language
8055:village sign language
8041:Israeli Sign Language
6462:Christian Palestinian
6183:Ancient North Arabian
5132:. Walter de Gruyter.
4967:Dekel, Nurit (2014).
4578:The Semitic Languages
4563:The Semitic Languages
3746:. Walter de Gruyter.
3602:The Semitic Languages
2758:𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌⸱𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀
2325:(both from the local
2235:Modern Hebrew grammar
528:poetry and literature
99:9 million (2014)
7531:Judaeo-Tripolitanian
6560:Koy Sanjaq Christian
6248:Pre-classical Arabic
6015:Strong's Concordance
5306:Ancient inscriptions
5236:Chaim Menachem Rabin
4794:Amir Zeldes (2013).
4225:Ovadiah of Bartenura
3550:on 23 September 2015
2211:triconsonantal roots
1014:Afroasiatic language
720:Babylonian captivity
61:Render of the word "
8115:Languages of Israel
8095:Canaanite languages
7891:Judeo-Yazdi–Kermani
6404:Ashurian and Hatran
6008:Brown–Driver–Briggs
5215:Tel Aviv University
5172:Zuckermann, Ghil'ad
4890:Zuckermann, Ghil'ad
4803:Linguistic Typology
4343:1:2 and in Mishnah
3936:Contemporary Hebrew
3787:Kuzar, Ron (2001),
2327:Palestinian dialect
2253:verb–subject–object
2249:subject–verb–object
994:shoshanat ha-melekh
591:expatriate Israelis
502:, a dialect of the
7919:Jewish Koine Greek
7779:Judaeo-Piedmontese
7526:Judaeo-Palestinian
7371:Reading traditions
7025:Harari–East Gurage
6476:Jewish Palestinian
5857:Law of attenuation
5367:Reading traditions
5228:by David Steinberg
5182:Palgrave Macmillan
4913:2019-06-13 at the
4898:Palgrave Macmillan
4423:2015-09-24 at the
4233:Nathan ben Abraham
4037:2023-07-01 at the
3981:2015-06-11 at the
3880:on 4 November 2013
3853:on 4 November 2013
3790:Hebrew and Zionism
3374:. Safa-ivrit.org.
3347:. Safa-ivrit.org.
3320:. Safa-ivrit.org.
3293:. Safa-ivrit.org.
3263:. Safa-ivrit.org.
2302:Ghil'ad Zuckermann
1036:Hebrew as well as
900:Haim Nahman Bialik
777:Eliezer Ben-Yehuda
749:and literary use.
662:Ghil'ad Zuckermann
553:in the context of
551:Jewish nationality
539:Eliezer Ben-Yehuda
469:Canaanite language
8077:
8076:
8071:extinct languages
8008:Judaeo-Papiamento
7962:
7961:
7840:Judaeo-Portuguese
7738:
7737:
7601:
7600:
7411:
7410:
7281:
7280:
7252:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7179:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7171:
7170:
7068:
7067:
6878:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6716:
6715:
6691:
6690:
6647:
6646:
6619:Koy Sanjaq Jewish
6411:Jewish Babylonian
6332:
6331:
6065:Semitic languages
6031:
6030:
5887:Verbal morphology
5826:
5825:
5344:
5163:978-3-447-03063-2
5139:978-3-11-025158-6
5118:978-0-226-72603-8
5094:978-0-931464-10-2
5022:978-90-04-10646-8
5001:978-965-493-601-9
4980:978-3-11-037725-5
4950:978-965-448-323-0
4943:. Tel Aviv: CET.
4770:5 (1), pp. 57–71.
4546:(18th ed., 2015)
4371:Ben-Zvi Institute
4189:'s commentary on
4134:978-0-8047-3540-7
4109:Palestine Mandate
4094:978-1-135-58242-5
4066:978-1-107-39446-9
3946:978-3-11-080483-6
3753:978-3-11-087910-0
3661:978-3-11-025158-6
3370:אתר השפה העברית.
3248:
3247:
3107:
3096:
2950:
2176:
2175:
1121:Sin and Shin dots
1026:Northwest Semitic
982:Anemone coronaria
804:Ottoman Palestine
773:Jews of Palestine
735:Bar Kokhba revolt
547:Hebrew literature
473:national language
434:עִבְרִית חֲדָשָׁה
415:rendering support
395:
394:
278:Regulated by
151:Northwest Semitic
16:(Redirected from
8127:
8110:Language revival
8105:Jewish languages
7988:Judaeo-Malayalam
7902:Judeo-Golpaygani
7847:Judaeo-Aragonese
7765:Judaeo-Livornese
7621:
7612:
7337:
7328:
7315:Jewish languages
7308:
7301:
7294:
7285:
7077:
7001:
6992:
6952:
6943:
6889:
6757:northern dialect
6535:
6524:
6377:Biblical Aramaic
6370:Imperial Aramaic
6352:
6343:
6241:Nabataean Arabic
6158:
6149:
6124:Canaano-Akkadian
6058:
6051:
6044:
6035:
5977:Unicode and HTML
5443:
5431:
5423:
5415:
5396:
5341:northern dialect
5338:
5270:
5263:
5256:
5247:
5195:
5167:
5143:
5122:
5098:
5079:Peter T. Daniels
5070:
5049:
5039:
5026:
5005:
4994:. Magnes Press.
4984:
4963:
4954:
4927:
4923:
4917:
4887:
4881:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4835:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4815:
4800:
4791:
4785:
4777:
4771:
4763:
4757:
4751:
4745:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4706:
4700:
4693:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4651:
4645:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4572:
4566:
4559:
4550:
4549:
4535:
4526:
4520:
4514:
4499:
4493:
4485:
4466:
4460:
4455:Roberto Garvia,
4453:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4411:
4405:
4399:
4388:
4382:
4368:
4367:
4334:
4328:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4279:
4278:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4244:
4243:
4221:
4215:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4149:Even-Shoshan, A.
4145:
4139:
4138:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4078:
4072:
4070:
4047:
4041:
4028:
4022:
4003:
3997:
3994:
3988:
3973:
3967:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3930:
3924:
3918:
3907:
3901:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3876:. Archived from
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3849:. Archived from
3836:
3830:
3823:Solomon Birnbaum
3820:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3724:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3549:
3542:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3517:
3510:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3457:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3430:on 11 March 2011
3416:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3286:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3256:
3240:
3231:Ancient Egyptian
3221:
3216:
3215:
3204:
3203:
3187:
3182:
3181:
3170:
3165:
3164:
3151:
3150:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3105:
3094:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3056:
3051:
3050:
3039:
3034:
3033:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2989:
2988:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2948:
2943:
2942:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2898:
2893:
2892:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2853:
2848:
2847:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2807:
2802:
2801:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2759:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2723:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2692:
2687:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2653:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2618:
2617:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2576:
2575:
2566:
2560:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2533:
2532:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2365:
2279:
2278:
2273:definite article
2219:affixed patterns
2154:
2104:
2096:Transliteration
2091:
2082:
2074:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2020:
2011:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1789:
1781:
1772:
1764:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1709:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1354:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1179:. The consonant
1178:
1170:
1162:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1139:). The letters "
1112:Matres lectionis
996:
990:
974:
973:
968:
946:
932:
931:
914:
913:
897:
889:
869:
861:
853:
845:
831:
825:
819:
659:
634:
633:
621:
620:
520:Jewish languages
504:Aramaic language
477:language revival
461:Hebrew's revival
446:
441:
436:
435:
403:
388:
382:
376:
366:
357:
341:
334:
325:
324:
316:
307:
306:
298:
269:
267:
266:
240:
220:
125:
67:vowel diacritics
59:
50:
49:
47:
30:
21:
8135:
8134:
8130:
8129:
8128:
8126:
8125:
8124:
8100:Hebrew language
8080:
8079:
8078:
8073:
8060:
8027:
7998:Judaeo-Georgian
7958:
7907:
7852:
7819:Judeo-Provençal
7734:
7706:
7597:
7550:
7541:Judaeo-Tunisian
7521:Judaeo-Moroccan
7514:Judaeo-Baghdadi
7504:Judaeo-Egyptian
7499:Judaeo-Algerian
7485:
7476:Lishanid Noshan
7407:
7366:
7317:
7312:
7282:
7277:
7244:
7167:
7098:
7064:
7020:
7004:Amharic–Argobba
6996:
6983:
6934:
6895:
6870:
6808:
6712:
6687:
6643:
6592:
6588:Urmia Christian
6529:
6518:
6511:
6426:
6389:
6328:
6288:Egyptian Arabic
6274:
6270:Modern Standard
6253:
6138:
6100:
6067:
6062:
6032:
6027:
5986:Reference works
5981:
5916:
5912:Vav-consecutive
5861:
5840:Biblical Hebrew
5822:
5769:
5754:Mater lectionis
5726:
5626:
5503:
5457:
5434:
5429:
5421:
5413:
5392:
5362:
5324:
5279:
5277:Hebrew language
5274:
5219:Hebrew Today –
5202:
5192:
5170:
5164:
5146:
5140:
5125:
5119:
5101:
5095:
5087:. Eisenbrauns.
5073:
5052:
5042:Studia Semitica
5037:
5029:
5023:
5008:
5002:
4987:
4981:
4966:
4957:
4951:
4938:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4920:
4915:Wayback Machine
4888:
4884:
4876:Li, Charles N.
4875:
4871:
4861:
4859:
4852:
4837:
4836:
4829:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4798:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4778:
4774:
4764:
4760:
4752:
4748:
4739:
4735:
4728:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4694:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4668:
4660:. Eisenbrauns.
4653:
4652:
4648:
4639:
4635:
4628:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4598:
4596:
4589:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4560:
4553:
4547:
4536:
4529:
4521:
4517:
4486:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4454:
4450:
4440:
4438:
4428:
4425:Wayback Machine
4389:
4385:
4363:(Hebrew title:
4335:
4331:
4293:Solomon Sirilio
4289:Ziziphus jujuba
4269:
4265:
4222:
4218:
4184:
4180:
4165:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4135:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4107:
4103:
4095:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4067:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4039:Wayback Machine
4029:
4025:
4004:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3983:Wayback Machine
3976:Hebrew language
3974:
3970:
3958:
3954:
3947:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3919:
3910:
3902:
3893:
3883:
3881:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3854:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3821:
3817:
3808:
3806:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3771:
3769:
3754:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3717:
3706:
3704:
3689:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3662:
3640:"Modern Hebrew"
3637:
3636:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3613:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3583:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3508:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3401:Biblical Hebrew
3397:
3392:
3391:
3381:
3379:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3288:
3287:
3280:
3270:
3268:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3207:temple servant
3156:inflamed wound
3152:
3118:
3108:
3104:
3097:
3093:
3083:
2982:to sleep deeply
2947:
2927:
2757:
2725:
2717:Ottoman Turkish
2647:Moroccan Arabic
2639:
2461:
2319:
2300:. According to
2294:
2271:other than the
2261:auxiliary verbs
2245:
2237:
2231:
2199:
2187:
2181:
1717:
1704:
1677:
1664:
1644:
1566:Cursive letter
1533:
1522:
1499:
1488:
1471:
1404:Printed letter
1109:, or by use of
1085:Hebrew alphabet
1081:
1075:Hebrew alphabet
1073:Main articles:
1071:
1010:
1002:Yemenite Hebrew
798:were made from
761:
755:
705:Medieval Hebrew
692:Mishnaic Hebrew
683:Biblical Hebrew
676:
674:Hebrew language
670:
653:
647:Biblical Hebrew
614:
549:and a distinct
500:Western Aramaic
465:State of Israel
457:Hebrew language
447:), also called
424:
423:
422:
413:Without proper
404:
391:
390:
386:
384:
380:
378:
374:
372:
353:
337:
330:
320:
319:
312:
302:
301:
294:
264:
262:
259:
252:Official status
247:(national form)
241:
236:
227:
225:Hebrew alphabet
221:
216:
210:
204:Medieval Hebrew
199:Mishnaic Hebrew
194:Biblical Hebrew
189:
182:
146:Central Semitic
126:
123:Language family
121:
115:
96:
95:Native speakers
78:Southern Levant
69:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8133:
8131:
8123:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8082:
8081:
8075:
8074:
8065:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8058:
8048:
8037:
8035:
8033:Sign languages
8029:
8028:
8026:
8025:
8015:
8005:
7995:
7985:
7970:
7968:
7964:
7963:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7956:
7949:Judaeo-Marathi
7942:
7930:
7915:
7913:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7905:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7862:
7860:
7858:Judaeo-Iranian
7854:
7853:
7851:
7850:
7843:
7836:
7829:
7822:
7815:
7808:
7807:
7806:
7805:
7804:
7792:Judaeo-Spanish
7789:
7788:
7787:
7782:
7775:
7772:Judaeo-Mantuan
7768:
7759:Judaeo-Italian
7756:
7753:Judaeo-Catalan
7748:
7746:
7744:Judaeo-Romance
7740:
7739:
7736:
7735:
7733:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7716:
7714:
7712:Jewish English
7708:
7707:
7705:
7704:
7699:
7698:
7697:
7690:
7688:Judeo-Alsatian
7680:
7679:
7678:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7640:
7638:
7618:
7609:
7603:
7602:
7599:
7598:
7596:
7595:
7585:
7569:
7558:
7556:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7517:
7516:
7506:
7501:
7495:
7493:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7452:
7451:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7421:
7419:
7417:Judaeo-Aramaic
7413:
7412:
7409:
7408:
7406:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7374:
7372:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7343:
7341:
7334:
7325:
7319:
7318:
7313:
7311:
7310:
7303:
7296:
7288:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7275:
7268:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7209:
7202:
7195:
7189:
7187:
7181:
7180:
7177:
7176:
7173:
7172:
7169:
7168:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7163:
7162:
7161:
7158:
7155:
7152:
7149:
7139:
7134:
7133:
7132:
7119:
7114:
7106:
7104:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7096:
7091:
7083:
7081:
7074:
7070:
7069:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7062:
7057:
7056:
7055:
7050:
7049:
7048:
7045:
7042:
7028:
7026:
7022:
7021:
7019:
7018:
7013:
7007:
7005:
6998:
6989:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6981:
6976:
6975:
6974:
6969:
6958:
6956:
6949:
6940:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6901:
6899:
6886:
6880:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6861:
6854:
6847:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6831:
6816:
6814:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6806:
6805:
6804:
6790:
6783:
6782:
6781:
6776:
6769:
6762:
6761:
6760:
6741:
6734:
6726:
6724:
6718:
6717:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6710:
6705:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6692:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6674:
6673:
6668:
6655:
6653:
6649:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6600:
6598:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6590:
6585:
6584:
6583:
6580:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6541:
6539:
6532:
6521:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6495:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6479:
6472:
6465:
6453:
6446:
6438:
6436:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6407:
6399:
6397:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6387:
6384:Middle Aramaic
6380:
6373:
6366:
6358:
6356:
6349:
6340:
6334:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6312:
6295:
6290:
6284:
6282:
6280:Dialect groups
6276:
6275:
6273:
6272:
6267:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6251:
6244:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6207:
6200:
6193:
6179:
6172:
6164:
6162:
6155:
6146:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6129:
6128:
6127:
6112:
6110:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6091:
6081:
6075:
6073:
6069:
6068:
6063:
6061:
6060:
6053:
6046:
6038:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6018:
6011:
6004:
5997:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5961:modern Israeli
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5924:
5922:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5883:
5882:
5877:
5871:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5852:
5850:Philippi's law
5847:
5842:
5836:
5834:
5828:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5779:
5777:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5767:
5765:Plene scriptum
5762:
5757:
5750:
5736:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5636:
5634:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5513:
5511:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5465:
5463:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5449:
5447:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5424:
5416:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5265:
5258:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5229:
5223:
5217:
5208:
5201:
5200:External links
5198:
5197:
5196:
5191:978-1403917232
5190:
5168:
5162:
5144:
5138:
5123:
5117:
5103:Haiim B. Rosén
5099:
5093:
5071:
5055:Hebrew Studies
5050:
5027:
5021:
5006:
5000:
4985:
4979:
4973:. De Gruyter.
4964:
4955:
4949:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4918:
4906:978-1403917232
4882:
4869:
4850:
4827:
4809:(3): 439–470.
4786:
4772:
4758:
4746:
4740:Wexler, Paul,
4733:
4726:
4701:
4695:Reshef, Yael.
4685:
4666:
4646:
4633:
4626:
4606:
4587:
4567:
4551:
4527:
4515:
4500:, s.v. citing
4461:
4459:, 2015, p. 164
4448:
4383:
4359:; Zohar Amar,
4329:
4263:
4257:; Zohar Amar,
4216:
4178:
4163:
4151:, ed. (2003).
4140:
4133:
4113:
4101:
4093:
4073:
4065:
4051:Hobsbawm, Eric
4042:
4023:
4010:and Tannaitic
3998:
3989:
3968:
3960:Zuckermann, G.
3952:
3945:
3925:
3908:
3891:
3864:
3831:
3815:
3779:
3752:
3732:
3687:
3667:
3660:
3630:
3611:
3591:
3582:978-0521016520
3581:
3561:
3529:
3494:
3482:
3452:
3441:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3362:
3343:bitFormation.
3335:
3316:bitFormation.
3308:
3289:bitFormation.
3278:
3259:bitFormation.
3250:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3233:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3217:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3145:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3101:
3088:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
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3040:
3035:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3015:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2994:
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2990:
2983:
2980:
2975:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2952:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2932:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2901:to make a mess
2899:
2894:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2849:
2842:
2839:
2834:
2826:
2825:
2824:veil, curtain
2822:
2819:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2803:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2772:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2719:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2667:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2649:
2644:
2641:
2640:nerd, "square"
2636:
2631:
2623:
2622:
2621:date, history
2619:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2597:
2594:
2589:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2570:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2548:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2527:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2494:
2489:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2455:
2453:exhaust system
2450:
2445:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2417:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2343:Judaeo-Spanish
2318:
2315:
2310:hapax legomena
2298:belles-lettres
2293:
2290:
2244:
2241:
2233:Main article:
2230:
2227:
2201:Modern Hebrew
2198:
2195:
2183:Main article:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2083:
2066:
2047:
2038:
2029:
2012:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1922:
1886:
1877:
1858:
1849:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1773:
1756:
1755:Pronunciation
1752:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1710:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1670:
1657:
1650:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1527:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1493:
1482:
1476:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1097:Aramaic script
1087:, which is an
1079:Cursive Hebrew
1070:
1067:
1058:koiné language
1024:branch of the
1018:Semitic family
1009:
1008:Classification
1006:
953:Cucurbita pepo
757:Main article:
754:
751:
712:
711:
708:
702:
689:
672:Main article:
669:
666:
651:Haiim B. Rosén
613:
610:
563:fled to Israel
524:Jewish liturgy
512:Judaeo-Spanish
449:Israeli Hebrew
417:, you may see
405:
398:
397:
396:
393:
392:
385:
379:
373:
368:
367:
359:
358:
351:
343:
342:
335:
327:
326:
317:
309:
308:
299:
291:
290:
289:Language codes
286:
285:
280:
274:
273:
260:
257:
254:
253:
249:
248:
242:
235:
232:
231:
229:Hebrew Braille
222:
218:Writing system
215:
212:
211:
209:
208:
207:
206:
192:
190:
187:
184:
183:
181:
180:
179:
178:
177:
176:
175:
174:
173:
172:
171:
170:
169:
168:
129:
127:
120:
117:
116:
114:
113:
107:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
60:
52:
51:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8132:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8090:Modern Hebrew
8088:
8087:
8085:
8072:
8068:
8063:
8056:
8052:
8049:
8046:
8042:
8039:
8038:
8036:
8034:
8030:
8023:
8019:
8016:
8013:
8009:
8006:
8003:
7999:
7996:
7993:
7989:
7986:
7983:
7979:
7975:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7965:
7954:
7950:
7946:
7943:
7940:
7936:
7935:
7931:
7928:
7924:
7920:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7910:
7904:
7903:
7899:
7897:
7896:Judeo-Kashani
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7886:Judeo-Shirazi
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7876:Judeo-Persian
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7863:
7861:
7859:
7855:
7849:
7848:
7844:
7842:
7841:
7837:
7835:
7834:
7833:Judaeo-French
7830:
7828:
7827:
7823:
7821:
7820:
7816:
7814:
7813:
7809:
7803:
7800:
7799:
7798:
7795:
7794:
7793:
7790:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7780:
7776:
7774:
7773:
7769:
7767:
7766:
7762:
7761:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7754:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7745:
7741:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7713:
7709:
7703:
7702:Scots-Yiddish
7700:
7696:
7695:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7685:
7684:
7681:
7677:
7676:
7675:Klezmer-loshn
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7646:
7645:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7635:
7630:
7626:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7607:Indo-European
7604:
7593:
7589:
7588:Judaeo-Berber
7586:
7583:
7579:
7578:
7573:
7570:
7567:
7563:
7560:
7559:
7557:
7553:
7547:
7546:Judaeo-Yemeni
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7536:Judaeo-Syrian
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7515:
7512:
7511:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7492:
7491:Judaeo-Arabic
7488:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7450:
7449:
7445:
7444:
7443:
7442:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7418:
7414:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7369:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7344:
7342:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7320:
7316:
7309:
7304:
7302:
7297:
7295:
7290:
7289:
7286:
7273:
7269:
7266:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7255:
7241:
7240:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7222:
7221:
7217:
7216:
7215:
7214:
7210:
7208:
7207:
7203:
7201:
7200:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7182:
7159:
7156:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7144:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7125:
7124:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7112:
7108:
7107:
7105:
7101:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7089:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7078:
7075:
7071:
7061:
7058:
7054:
7051:
7046:
7043:
7040:
7039:
7038:
7035:
7034:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7023:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7008:
7006:
7002:
6999:
6993:
6990:
6986:
6980:
6977:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6963:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6947:Ethio-Semitic
6944:
6941:
6937:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6881:
6867:
6866:
6862:
6860:
6859:
6855:
6853:
6852:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6836:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6825:
6824:
6823:
6822:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6811:
6803:
6802:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6795:
6791:
6789:
6788:
6784:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6774:
6770:
6768:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6758:
6754:
6753:
6752:
6751:
6747:
6746:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6735:
6733:
6732:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6719:
6709:
6708:Judeo-Aramaic
6706:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6666:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6650:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6595:
6589:
6586:
6581:
6578:
6577:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6514:
6506:
6505:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6484:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6473:
6471:
6470:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6435:
6434:
6429:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6408:
6406:
6405:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6392:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6367:
6365:
6364:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6335:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6305:
6304:Siculo-Arabic
6301:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6277:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6250:
6249:
6245:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6222:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6199:
6198:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6187:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6141:
6135:
6134:
6130:
6126:
6125:
6121:
6120:
6119:
6118:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6070:
6066:
6059:
6054:
6052:
6047:
6045:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6024:
6023:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5984:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5892:Semitic roots
5890:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5845:Modern Hebrew
5843:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5829:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5760:Abbreviations
5758:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5729:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5697:Kubutz/shuruk
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
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5031:Matras, Yaron
5028:
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4857:
4853:
4851:9781136781353
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4727:9789004106468
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4710:Olga Kapeliuk
4705:
4702:
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4667:9781575060217
4663:
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4404:
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4379:965-217-174-3
4376:
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4324:Brustbeerbaum
4314:
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4096:
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4087:. Routledge.
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3688:0-415-29813-X
3684:
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3518:on 9 May 2018
3514:
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3180:אַדְרִיכָלוּת
3177:
3175:
3172:
3167:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3146:
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3141:
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2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2329:and from the
2328:
2324:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2282:noun adjuncts
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2257:prepositional
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2148:
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2098:
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2080:
2072:
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2026:
2018:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1993:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1968:
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1944:
1938:
1928:
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1199:
1196:
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1184:
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1168:
1160:
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1126:
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1118:
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1108:
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1080:
1076:
1068:
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1054:
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1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1005:
1003:
998:
995:
989:
984:
983:
978:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
949:summer squash
945:
940:
936:
926:
922:
918:
908:
903:
901:
896:
895:
888:
887:
881:
880:
875:
874:
868:
867:
860:
859:
852:
851:
844:
843:
837:
836:
830:
824:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
769:lingua franca
766:
760:
752:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:
721:
717:
709:
706:
703:
701:
697:
693:
690:
688:
684:
681:
680:
679:
675:
667:
665:
663:
657:
652:
648:
644:
643:periodization
639:
637:
628:
624:
623:ʿivrít ħadašá
611:
609:
607:
603:
598:
596:
595:diaspora Jews
592:
588:
584:
583:Israeli Arabs
580:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
496:Jewish people
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
440:
439:ʿĪvrīt ḥadašá
430:
429:Modern Hebrew
426:
420:
416:
412:
410:
402:
371:
365:
360:
356:
352:
350:
349:
344:
340:
336:
333:
328:
323:
318:
315:
310:
305:
300:
297:
292:
287:
284:
281:
279:
275:
272:
261:
255:
250:
246:
245:Signed Hebrew
243:
239:
233:
230:
226:
223:
219:
213:
205:
202:
201:
200:
197:
196:
195:
191:
185:
167:
166:Modern Hebrew
164:
163:
162:
159:
158:
157:
154:
153:
152:
149:
148:
147:
144:
143:
142:
139:
138:
137:
134:
133:
132:
128:
124:
118:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
58:
53:
41:
36:
33:Modern Hebrew
31:
19:
8066:
8018:Judaeo-Malay
7932:
7900:
7845:
7838:
7831:
7826:Judeo-Gascon
7824:
7817:
7810:
7785:Judaeo-Roman
7777:
7770:
7763:
7751:
7692:
7673:
7632:
7575:
7566:Ethiosemitic
7509:Judaeo-Iraqi
7471:Lishán Didán
7466:Lishana Deni
7446:
7439:
7361:
7260:
7237:
7218:
7211:
7204:
7197:
7109:
7086:
6863:
6856:
6849:
6842:
6833:
6826:
6819:
6799:
6792:
6785:
6778:
6771:
6764:
6755:
6748:
6736:
6729:
6663:
6634:Urmia Jewish
6502:
6497:
6490:
6481:
6474:
6467:
6460:
6455:
6448:
6441:
6431:
6409:
6402:
6382:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6319:Mesopotamian
6302:
6246:
6239:
6230:
6223:
6216:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6169:Proto-Arabic
6167:
6131:
6122:
6115:
6105:
6020:
6013:
6006:
5999:
5992:
5808:Inverted nun
5793:Cantillation
5752:
5722:Sin/Shin dot
5494:Paleo-Hebrew
5357:
5315:from English
5176:
5152:
5148:Wexler, Paul
5128:
5107:
5083:
5058:
5054:
5045:
5041:
5011:
4990:
4969:
4959:
4940:
4933:Bibliography
4921:
4885:
4877:
4872:
4860:. Retrieved
4840:
4818:. Retrieved
4806:
4802:
4789:
4781:
4775:
4767:
4761:
4754:
4749:
4741:
4736:
4717:
4704:
4696:
4676:. Retrieved
4656:
4649:
4641:
4636:
4616:
4609:
4597:. Retrieved
4577:
4570:
4562:
4541:
4518:
4508:
4473:
4464:
4456:
4451:
4439:. Retrieved
4414:Ze'ev Yavetz
4403:oraḥ kevīsha
4386:
4360:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4332:
4312:
4296:
4288:
4271:
4270:Zohar Amar,
4266:
4258:
4246:
4236:
4228:
4219:
4196:27:6, where
4193:
4181:
4152:
4143:
4123:
4116:
4104:
4083:
4076:
4055:
4045:
4026:
4021:literature."
4015:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3992:
3985:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3935:
3928:
3882:. Retrieved
3878:the original
3867:
3855:. Retrieved
3851:the original
3846:Israel Hayom
3844:
3834:
3826:
3818:
3807:, retrieved
3789:
3782:
3770:. Retrieved
3742:
3735:
3712:
3705:. Retrieved
3677:
3670:
3643:
3633:
3621:. Retrieved
3601:
3594:
3586:
3571:
3564:
3552:. Retrieved
3545:the original
3532:
3520:. Retrieved
3513:the original
3497:
3490:
3485:
3473:. Retrieved
3464:
3455:
3444:
3432:. Retrieved
3428:the original
3423:
3414:
3380:. Retrieved
3365:
3353:. Retrieved
3338:
3326:. Retrieved
3311:
3299:. Retrieved
3269:. Retrieved
3254:
3235:
3191:architecture
3186:/adʁiχaˈlut/
3136:stupid woman
3025:putty knife
2869:shoddy work
2856:to moonlight
2320:
2307:
2295:
2246:
2238:
2222:
2214:
2200:
2188:
2131:y, i, e, ei
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1110:
1104:
1092:
1082:
1055:
1011:
999:
980:
956:
952:
941:'. The word
924:
906:
904:
877:
871:
833:
820:(sing.) and
785:
762:
728:
713:
687:Hebrew Bible
677:
640:
635:
626:
622:
615:
599:
575:
567:Judeo-Arabic
536:
518:, and other
508:Judeo-Arabic
481:
452:
448:
428:
427:
425:
406:
369:
346:
238:Signed forms
165:
141:West Semitic
131:Afro-Asiatic
88:Israeli Jews
8045:German Sign
7812:Judeo-Latin
7694:Lachoudisch
7323:Afroasiatic
7199:Hadramautic
7185:Old Arabian
7122:West Gurage
7032:East Gurage
6678:Neo-Mandaic
6456:Palestinian
6363:Old Aramaic
5813:Shekel sign
5775:Punctuation
5740:with Niqqud
5650:Palestinian
5439:Orthography
5419:Palestinian
4433:. Haaretz.
4327:('jujube').
4248:Sefer Arukh
4237:Baba Metzia
4231:1:4; Rabbi
3623:18 February
3149:פּוֹשׂטֵימה
3126:פּוּסְטֵמָה
3059:rubber band
3010:putty knife
2999:שְׁפַּכְטֵל
2928:essentially
2691:the father/
2638:geek, wimp,
2569:to have fun
2371:derivatives
2269:determiners
2191:pharyngeals
2119:v, u, o, w
1147:", "
1143:", "
779:then led a
724:Old Aramaic
654: [
486:within the
409:Hebrew text
188:Early forms
112:: 4 million
106:: 5 million
8084:Categories
8002:Kartvelian
7953:Indo-Aryan
7945:Judeo-Urdu
7228:Rijal Alma
7213:Qatabanian
6851:Himyaritic
6794:Phoenician
6355:Historical
6324:Peninsular
6225:Taymanitic
6176:Old Arabic
6161:Historical
5963:literature
5783:Diacritics
5645:Babylonian
5427:Babylonian
5048:: 145–193.
4599:1 November
4543:Ethnologue
4502:Maimonides
4299:1:4, s.v.
4239:7:9, s.v.
4185:Cf. Rabbi
3904:Dekel 2014
3884:2 November
3857:2 November
3762:1089437441
3465:Ethnologue
3449:Dekel 2014
3407:References
3169:/adʁiˈχal/
3163:אַדְרִיכָל
3132:/pusˈtema/
3117:carbonated
3082:carbonated
3049:גּוּמִיָּה
3005:/ˈʃpaχtel/
2967:deep sleep
2882:/balaˈɡan/
2841:shoddy job
2837:/χalˈtura/
2831:חַלְטוּרָה
2775:/alaχˈson/
2769:אֲלַכְסוֹן
2710:forthright
2693:my father
2607:/teʔeˈreχ/
2592:/taʔaˈriχ/
2586:תַּאֲרִיךְ
2265:adjectives
2243:Word order
2203:morphology
2197:Morphology
2125:kh, ch, h
957:cylindrica
771:among the
765:Old Yishuv
747:liturgical
668:Background
619:עברית חדשה
492:vernacular
482:Hebrew, a
451:or simply
46:עברית חדשה
8069:indicate
7992:Dravidian
7871:Judeo-Tat
7720:Yeshivish
7669:Udmurtish
7664:Ukrainish
7649:Galitzish
7378:Ashkenazi
7272:varieties
7263:indicate
7142:Sebat Bet
6892:Eastern (
6844:Deir Alla
6722:Canaanite
6629:Trans-Zab
6614:Inter-Zab
6538:Christian
6492:Palmyrene
6483:Samaritan
6450:Nabataean
6338:Northwest
6293:Levantine
6265:Classical
6190:Dadanitic
5832:Phonology
5803:Gershayim
5655:Samaritan
5430:(extinct)
5422:(extinct)
5414:(extinct)
5406:Samaritan
5374:Ashkenazi
5284:Overviews
5015:. BRILL.
4490:cite book
4482:783455868
4357:783455868
4308:azufaifas
4285:783455868
4229:Baba Kama
4012:midrashim
3721:cite book
3382:26 August
3355:26 August
3328:26 August
3301:26 August
3271:26 August
3174:architect
3119:beverage
3055:/ɡumiˈja/
2926:directly/
2922:/ˈtaχles/
2916:תַּכְלֶ׳ס
2897:/bilˈɡen/
2891:בִּלְגֵּן
2852:/χilˈteʁ/
2779:diagonal
2742:/parˈdes/
2736:פַּרְדֵּס
2601:תֶּאֱרַךְ
2579:pleasure
2475:/ˈdidʒej/
2317:Loanwords
2179:Phonology
1042:Ashkenazi
1022:Canaanite
961:New World
788:morphemes
743:the exile
559:Holocaust
348:Glottolog
332:ISO 639-3
314:ISO 639-2
296:ISO 639-1
156:Canaanite
84:Ethnicity
7974:Krymchak
7927:Hellenic
7725:Yinglish
7629:dialects
7616:Germanic
7582:Cushitic
7481:Betanure
7448:Galilean
7435:Talmudic
7425:Biblical
7403:Tiberian
7398:Yemenite
7383:Sephardi
7357:Medieval
7352:Mishnaic
7347:Biblical
7220:Awsanian
7103:Tt-group
6979:Tigrinya
6858:Samalian
6835:Galilean
6828:Ugaritic
6773:Medieval
6766:Mishnaic
6750:Biblical
6731:Ammonite
6624:Sanandaj
6609:Betanure
6582:Chaldean
6579:Assyrian
6565:Qaraqosh
6555:Hértevin
6469:Galilean
6443:Lebanese
6298:Maghrebi
6258:Literary
6232:Thamudic
6218:Safaitic
6204:Hasaitic
6197:Dumaitic
6117:Akkadian
6072:Branches
5972:Surnames
5948:Keyboard
5921:Academic
5907:Segolate
5902:Suffixes
5897:Prefixes
5875:Biblical
5818:Numerals
5732:Spelling
5640:Tiberian
5509:Alphabet
5499:Solitreo
5489:Crowning
5453:Biblical
5411:Tiberian
5401:Yemenite
5379:Sephardi
5353:Medieval
5348:Mishnaic
5336:Biblical
5320:Gematria
5296:Alphabet
5291:Language
5174:(2003).
5150:(1990).
5105:(1962).
5077:(1983).
5067:27913706
4911:Archived
4892:(2003),
4856:Archived
4811:Archived
4712:(1996).
4672:Archived
4593:Archived
4510:Kil'ayim
4472:(2015).
4470:Amar, Z.
4441:27 March
4435:Archived
4421:Archived
4397:mesillah
4390:Compare
4381:(Hebrew)
4313:Tosephta
4187:Hai Gaon
4173:55071836
4053:(2012).
4035:Archived
4008:baraitot
3979:Archived
3803:archived
3766:Archived
3701:Archived
3697:57470923
3617:Archived
3469:Archived
3461:"Hebrew"
3420:"Hebrew"
3395:See also
3376:Archived
3349:Archived
3322:Archived
3295:Archived
3265:Archived
3196:Akkadian
3084:beverage
3078:/ɡaˈzoz/
3022:Spachtel
2978:/χaˈʁap/
2876:בָּלָגָן
2810:curtain
2806:/viˈlon/
2729:correct
2706:/ˈdugri/
2565:/kiˈjef/
2537:really!?
2518:really!?
2508:וַאלְלָה
2492:/diˈdʒe/
2448:/eɡˈzoz/
2442:אֶגְזוֹז
2407:meaning
2404:spelling
2401:language
2368:loanword
2286:genitive
2207:Biblical
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1526:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1492:
1481:
1475:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1069:Alphabet
1050:Haskalah
1046:Medieval
1038:Sephardi
1034:Biblical
1030:Mishnaic
944:kishū’īm
907:bardelas
850:mishmish
823:garbayim
741:. After
731:died out
355:hebr1245
8067:Italics
8022:Malayic
7934:Knaanic
7923:Yevanic
7866:Bukhori
7802:Tetuani
7797:Haketia
7730:Heblish
7683:Western
7659:Poylish
7654:Litvish
7644:Eastern
7625:Yiddish
7461:Hulaulá
7456:Barzani
7393:Italian
7388:Mizrahi
7265:extinct
7261:Italics
7206:Minaean
7131:Endegen
7080:N-group
7041:Inneqor
7016:Argobba
7011:Amharic
6967:Dahalik
6939:Western
6930:Soqotri
6910:Ḥarsusi
6905:Baṭḥari
6896:Arabian
6821:Amorite
6787:Moabite
6738:Edomite
6703:Armazic
6683:Western
6659:Central
6604:Barzani
6530:eastern
6519:Aramaic
6433:Western
6417:Mandaic
6395:Eastern
6347:Aramaic
6310:Maltese
6211:Hismaic
6144:Central
6133:Eblaite
6089:Central
5957:ancient
5933:Academy
5928:Revival
5867:Grammar
5744:missing
5484:Cursive
5474:Braille
5462:Scripts
5389:Mizrahi
5384:Italian
5301:History
5081:(ed.).
4862:20 June
4820:13 July
4744:: 1990.
4678:20 June
4506:Mishnah
4345:Terumot
4341:Kila'im
4338:Mishnah
4302:השיזפין
4297:Kila'im
4251:, s.v.
4211:ğuwārib
4205:ampalya
4191:Mishnah
4017:Amoraim
3475:12 July
3227:
3153:postema
3113:gazeuse
3091:Turkish
3072:גָּזוֹז
3065:rubber
3038:/ˈɡumi/
3032:גּוּמִי
2957:חְרוֹפּ
2935:Yiddish
2905:балаган
2865:халтура
2860:Russian
2846:חִלְטֵר
2813:
2800:וִילוֹן
2782:
2762:garden
2753:Avestan
2746:orchard
2724:
2700:דוּגרִי
2688:
2681:Aramaic
2654:
2611:to date
2561:
2559:כַּיֵּף
2514:/ˈwala/
2462:system
2460:exhaust
2431:English
2424:goodbye
2398:meaning
2387:meaning
2374:origin
2359:English
2355:Russian
2339:Yiddish
2335:Aramaic
2292:Lexicon
2223:mishkal
2217:) with
2215:shoresh
2160:ts, tz
1532:
1521:
1498:
1487:
1470:
1101:cursive
1093:Ashurit
1016:of the
988:kalanit
977:Aramaic
930:שְׁזִיף
925:shezīph
921:cheetah
858:kusbara
829:ğuwārib
800:Yiddish
796:calques
753:Revival
729:Hebrew
722:, when
696:Mishnah
555:Zionism
532:extinct
516:Yiddish
494:of the
136:Semitic
48:
7982:Turkic
7978:Karaim
7967:Others
7939:Slavic
7912:Others
7634:argots
7592:Berber
7555:Others
7430:Targum
7362:Modern
7332:Hebrew
7239:Sabaic
7233:Razihi
7137:Mesqan
7111:Mesmes
7060:Harari
7047:Wolane
7044:Ulbare
7037:Siltʼe
6997:versal
6995:Trans-
6925:Shehri
6915:Hobyot
6894:Modern
6865:Sutean
6813:Others
6779:Modern
6744:Hebrew
6696:Others
6671:Turoyo
6665:Mlaḥsô
6652:Others
6597:Jewish
6570:Senaya
6550:Bohtan
6545:Barwar
6528:North-
6504:Siryon
6498:Syrian
6422:Syriac
6153:Arabic
5953:Hebrew
5880:Modern
5798:Geresh
5707:Mappiq
5702:Dagesh
5687:Kamatz
5632:Niqqud
5587:Samech
5479:Ashuri
5394:Syrian
5358:Modern
5188:
5180:. UK:
5160:
5136:
5115:
5091:
5065:
5019:
4998:
4977:
4947:
4904:
4848:
4724:
4664:
4624:
4585:
4538:Hebrew
4480:
4409:kevīsh
4377:
4355:
4318:שיזפין
4283:
4242:הפרדלס
4199:אמפליא
4171:
4161:
4131:
4091:
4063:
3943:
3809:10 May
3772:10 May
3760:
3750:
3707:10 May
3695:
3685:
3658:
3609:
3579:
3554:24 May
3522:24 May
3224:fleet
3220:/t͡si/
3202:𒀵𒂍𒃲
3143:Ladino
3139:
3099:French
3087:
3043:rubber
3018:German
3014:
2992:snore
2972:חָרַפּ
2963:/χʁop/
2931:
2909:chaos
2821:vēlum
2793:slope
2790:λοξός
2749:
2713:
2677:
2670:/ˈaba/
2664:אַבָּא
2643:
2634:/χnun/
2628:חְנוּן
2525:Arabic
2521:
2469:דיג׳יי
2457:
2427:
2390:Hebrew
2379:Hebrew
2351:Polish
2347:German
2323:Arabic
2280:, and
2229:Syntax
2169:sh, s
2134:k, kh
1333:Samech
1153:Geresh
1117:Dagesh
1106:Nikkud
1020:, the
939:jujube
923:'; or
894:rayḥan
879:hummus
873:lubiya
842:zaatar
792:idioms
700:Talmud
627:Hebrew
587:Arabic
543:revive
453:Hebrew
387:
381:
375:
271:Israel
268:
161:Hebrew
74:Region
63:shalom
7577:Qwara
7572:Kayla
7562:Geʽez
7193:Faifi
7160:Gyeto
7154:Gumer
7147:Chaha
7117:Muher
7094:Soddo
7088:Gafat
7073:Outer
6988:South
6972:Tigre
6962:Geʽez
6955:North
6920:Mehri
6884:South
6801:Punic
6639:Zakho
6575:Suret
6094:South
5967:Names
5943:Ulpan
5938:Study
5788:Meteg
5712:Maqaf
5692:Holam
5682:Pataḥ
5677:Segol
5672:Tzere
5667:Hiriq
5602:Tsadi
5572:Lamed
5547:Zayin
5532:Dalet
5527:Gimel
5469:Rashi
5063:JSTOR
5038:(PDF)
4814:(PDF)
4799:(PDF)
4392:Rashi
4277:שזפין
4254:ברדלס
4194:Kelim
3548:(PDF)
3541:(PDF)
3516:(PDF)
3509:(PDF)
3434:1 May
3244:ship
3103:gazoz
3062:Gummi
2987:כראָפ
2941:תכלית
2817:Latin
2786:Greek
2726:doğrı
2722:طوغری
2657:snot
2652:خنونة
2616:تاريخ
2551:/kef/
2545:כֵּיף
2531:والله
2500:to DJ
2496:to DJ
2486:דיג׳ה
2420:/baj/
2157:p, f
2107:b, v
1360:Tzadi
1306:Lamed
1261:Zayin
1234:Dalet
1225:Gimel
1201:Name
1193:]
1189:[
1185:]
1181:[
1177:]
1173:[
1169:]
1165:[
1161:]
1157:[
1089:abjad
966:kǝvīš
955:var.
917:hyena
912:ברדלס
886:gezer
866:ḥilba
817:gerev
739:Judea
658:]
645:from
636:Ivrit
632:עברית
7340:Eras
7157:Gura
7151:Ezha
7127:Inor
6517:Neo-
6107:East
6084:West
6079:East
5748:full
5717:Rafe
5662:Shva
5617:Shin
5612:Resh
5592:Ayin
5517:Alef
5446:Eras
5329:Eras
5186:ISBN
5158:ISBN
5134:ISBN
5113:ISBN
5089:ISBN
5017:ISBN
4996:ISBN
4975:ISBN
4945:ISBN
4902:ISBN
4864:2015
4846:ISBN
4822:2021
4722:ISBN
4680:2015
4662:ISBN
4622:ISBN
4601:2020
4583:ISBN
4496:link
4478:OCLC
4443:2017
4375:ISBN
4353:OCLC
4281:OCLC
4169:OCLC
4159:ISBN
4129:ISBN
4089:ISBN
4061:ISBN
3941:ISBN
3886:2013
3859:2013
3811:2023
3774:2023
3758:OCLC
3748:ISBN
3727:link
3709:2023
3693:OCLC
3683:ISBN
3656:ISBN
3625:2021
3607:ISBN
3577:ISBN
3556:2018
3524:2018
3477:2018
3436:2017
3384:2014
3357:2014
3330:2014
3303:2014
3273:2014
3106:from
3095:from
2946:goal
2886:mess
2596:date
2435:bye
2414:בַּי
1387:Shin
1378:Resh
1342:Ayin
1270:Chet
1207:Alef
1133:shin
1119:and
1099:. A
1077:and
1048:and
1040:and
1032:and
972:כביש
935:plum
835:nana
794:and
698:and
612:Name
7053:Zay
5622:Tav
5607:Kuf
5597:Pei
5582:Nun
5577:Mem
5567:Kaf
5562:Yud
5557:Tet
5552:Ḥet
5542:Vav
5537:Hei
5522:Bet
5234:by
5213:by
4540:at
4513:5:8
4504:on
4369:),
4291:);
3795:doi
3648:doi
3238:ḏꜣy
3214:צִי
3110:eau
2686:אבא
2674:dad
2574:كيف
2555:fun
2394:IPA
2383:IPA
2333:),
2149:',
2099:',
2034:t͡s
1396:Tav
1369:Kof
1324:Nun
1315:Mem
1297:Kaf
1288:Yod
1279:Tet
1252:Vav
1216:Bet
1183:t͡ʃ
1167:d͡ʒ
1159:t͡ʃ
1137:sin
1129:vet
1125:bet
638:).
593:or
561:or
339:heb
322:heb
8086::
7947:,
7921:,
5959:/
5955:/
5746:/
5742:/
5313:/
5184:.
5059:45
5057:.
5046:16
5044:.
5040:.
4900:.
4896:.
4854:.
4830:^
4807:17
4805:.
4801:.
4688:^
4670:.
4591:.
4554:^
4530:^
4492:}}
4488:{{
4427:;
4245:;
4167:.
3911:^
3894:^
3843:.
3825:,
3801:,
3764:.
3756:.
3723:}}
3719:{{
3711:.
3699:.
3691:.
3654:.
3615:.
3585:.
3467:.
3463:.
3422:.
3281:^
2480:DJ
2357:,
2353:,
2349:,
2345:,
2341:,
2337:,
2304::
2277:ה-
2267:,
2172:t
2166:r
2163:k
2146:s
2143:n
2140:m
2137:l
2128:t
2122:z
2116:h
2113:d
2110:g
2075:,
2021:,
2004:,
1931:,
1915:i̯
1903:,
1895:,
1841:,
1833:,
1782:,
1765:,
1351:Pe
1243:He
1171:,
1163:,
1149:ז׳
1145:ג׳
1141:צ׳
1131:,
1004:.
902:.
890:,
882:,
876:,
870:,
862:,
854:,
846:,
838:,
775:.
656:he
649:.
608:.
597:.
526:,
514:,
510:,
479:.
304:he
110:L2
104:L1
8057:)
8053:(
8047:)
8043:(
8024:)
8020:(
8014:)
8010:(
8004:)
8000:(
7994:)
7990:(
7984:)
7980:(
7976:/
7955:)
7951:(
7941:)
7937:(
7929:)
7925:(
7637:)
7631:/
7627:(
7594:)
7590:(
7584:)
7580:(
7574:/
7568:)
7564:(
7307:e
7300:t
7293:v
6898:)
6057:e
6050:t
6043:v
5397:)
5391:(
5343:)
5339:(
5269:e
5262:t
5255:v
5194:.
5166:.
5142:.
5121:.
5097:.
5069:.
5025:.
5004:.
4983:.
4953:.
4866:.
4824:.
4730:.
4682:.
4630:.
4603:.
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