1037:
843:
698:
406:
1003:
57:
33:
991:. After a 33-year absence, Morocco rejoined on 30 January 2017, despite 9 member states voting against, but 39 supporting. Morocco was re-admitted with the understanding that Western Sahara will remain an AU member. The membership of relatively wealthy Morocco was welcomed by many members, as the AU has been criticized for being overly dependent on non-African donor funding.
1018:
705:
The fortifications were progressively built by
Moroccan forces starting in 1980, with help from South African, South Korean, and Israeli advisors, and formally ending on 16 April 1987. The wall was built in six stages, and the area behind the wall was expanded from a small area near Morocco in the
1382:
Until now, no mention has been made in the media or international politics of the fact that
Morocco has had a 'security wall' for more than twenty years, consisting of meters high sand mountains, bunkers, barbed wire barriers and minefields. The structure is 2,500 kilometers long (longer than the
555:
throughout. The barrier minebelt that runs along the structure is thought to be the longest continuous minefield in the world. Military bases, artillery posts and airfields dot the
Moroccan-controlled side of the wall at regular intervals, and
1348:
1329:
1319:
1404:
1707:
Produced by the United
Nations, showing the deployment of the MINURSO mission as of January 2014. Map No. 3691 Rev. 72 United Nations, January 2014 (Colour), Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Cartographic
609:
are also positioned throughout the berm. The radars are estimated to have a range of between 60 and 80 km (37 and 50 mi) into the
Polisario-controlled territory, and are generally utilized to locate
976:, the annexation of Western Sahara by Morocco has attracted somewhat more attention. Algeria supports the Polisario Front "in its long-running desert war to oppose Moroccan control of the disputed area". The
92:
668:
Significant lines of fortifications also lie deep within the
Moroccan-controlled area. Their exact number and location have been ignored and not well understood until 2004 by international commentators.
326:
500:
336:
253:
862:. The Polisario Front and the MINURSO rescued several dozen lost in the desert, who had run out of water. Others died of thirst. By October, the Polisario had received 22 immigrants in
1306:
Rev. 53 United
Nations, October 2006 (Colour), Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Cartographic Section. Depicts the deployment of the MINURSO mission, as well as the wall location.
1535:
1346:
331:
1327:
1316:
1679:
944:
Effectively, after the completion of the wall, Morocco has controlled the bulk of
Western Sahara territory that lies to the north and west of it, calling these the kingdom's "
1752:
1396:
936:
explosion. The incident happened when
Leibeit and dozens of young Sahrawis crossed the line into a minefield while aiming to throw stones to the other side of the wall.
392:
187:
956:", which comprises all areas to the east of the barrier. Units from the United Nations mission MINURSO separate the two sides, and enforce cease-fire regulations.
630:
In all, six lines of berms have been constructed. The main ("external") line of fortifications extends for about 2,500 km (1,600 mi). It runs east from
504:
1127:
248:
193:
575:/hill throughout the territory. Spaced out over every 5 km (3.1 mi) are big, small and medium bases, with approximately 35â40 troops at each
1506:
1604:
1579:
1482:
1383:
Great Wall of China) and aims to keep
Polisario guerrillas out of Morocco and the part of Western Sahara occupied by that country since 1976.
385:
1557:
639:
1426:
1221:
1532:
1452:
1777:
1726:
1704:
1299:
1767:
1478:
341:
172:
115:
662:
1675:
1099:
1747:
949:
481:
378:
366:
1359:, over 200 km (125 miles) north of the main external berm along the southern border. (Google Maps, as of 30 November 2006)
1192:
1151:
902:
Since 2008, a demonstration called "The Thousand Column" is held annually in the desert against the barrier by international
307:
1369:
1275:
977:
243:
1772:
1757:
1654:
1326:
for a section of the wall in Moroccan territory. The northernmost fort that is clearly distinguishable can be seen here
965:
317:
177:
167:
105:
1002:
932:
During the 2009 demonstration, a teenage Sahrawi refugee named Ibrahim Hussein Leibeit lost half of his right leg in a
1762:
1626:
86:
1119:
1171:
1247:
842:
906:
activists and Sahrawi refugees. In the 2008 demonstration, more than 2,000 people (most of them Sahrawis and
285:
238:
233:
48:
919:
794:
697:
435:
361:
228:
1503:
1042:
278:
665:
as it approaches Morocco. A section extends about 200 km (120 mi) into southeastern Morocco.
1611:
1588:
730:
594:
1601:
405:
1638:
1576:
929:
accorded by the UN and the parts in 1991, and the end of the Moroccan occupation of the territory.
496:
ended its colonial occupation in 1975, from the Moroccan-controlled western part of the territory.
447:
1345:
For example, a sand berm with fortifications much like on the main external line can be seen here
1554:
953:
945:
923:
859:
855:
598:
477:
469:
465:
223:
151:
146:
141:
81:
1430:
1205:
1017:
1213:
1095:
911:
734:
706:
north to most of the western and central part of the country gradually. The walls built were:
485:
351:
295:
56:
1296:
1513:
1085:
576:
535:
The fortifications lie in uninhabited or very sparsely inhabited territory. They consist of
507:(UNHCR), in some places the wall extends several kilometers into internationally recognized
273:
1658:
1630:
1608:
1583:
1561:
1539:
1510:
1352:
1333:
1323:
1303:
1279:
1155:
623:
619:
489:
473:
426:
346:
131:
100:
76:
1742:
1564:
1284:
1050:
611:
540:
457:
218:
110:
71:
1736:
1060:
1055:
988:
981:
851:
786:
738:
647:
136:
1148:
701:
System of the Moroccan Walls in Western Sahara with chronology of their construction
903:
798:
790:
567:
Physically, the berm is a 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high wall (with a backing
1716:
32:
1652:"Self Determination Struggle in the Western Sahara Continues to Challenge the UN"
1377:
634:
on the coast in the extreme south of Western Sahara near the Mauritanian town of
579:
and groups of 10 soldiers spaced out over the distance as well. About 4 km (
560:
masts and other electronic surveillance equipment scan the areas in front of it.
714:
658:
in Moroccan-held territory, before turning east and again closely following the
290:
1272:
1504:
Una cadena humana de mĂĄs de 2.000 personas pide el derribo del muro del SĂĄhara
1456:
1032:
926:
891:
846:
Sahrawi women hold a protest in Western Sahara on the eastern side of the wall
830:
820:
635:
631:
615:
508:
409:
Protesters carrying Polisario flags in front of the Western Sahara berm (2011)
356:
1651:
1217:
1106:
However, with the completion of the Moroccan separation wall in the 1980s,...
1082:
World of Walls: The Structure, Roles and Effectiveness of Separation Barriers
614:
onto detected Polisario forces. Information from the radar is processed by a
452:'sand wall'), is an approximately 2,700 km-long (1,700 mi)
17:
907:
871:
722:
677:
552:
1711:
1623:
1120:"Build a wall across the Sahara? That's crazy â but someone still did it"
1090:
933:
915:
879:
867:
863:
802:
726:
681:
673:
213:
1542:
883:
858:
detained in northern Morocco to the eastern side of the wall, into the
776:
758:
659:
461:
182:
1721:
1372:[Moroccan security wall has been undisputed for two decades].
1167:
1356:
1243:
1009:
973:
875:
816:
812:
772:
762:
748:
655:
643:
568:
1397:"Morocco PM says Western Sahara wall at centre of dispute completed"
27:
Separation barrier dividing the disputed territory of Western Sahara
563:
The following is one observer's description of the berm from 2001:
969:
887:
841:
718:
696:
651:
606:
602:
572:
557:
548:
493:
404:
31:
642:
for about 200 km (120 mi), before turning north beyond
1429:(in Spanish). Diario de CĂłrdoba. 17 October 2005. Archived from
544:
536:
453:
1080:
Saddiki, Said (October 2017), "5. The Wall of Western Sahara",
713:(August 1980 â June 1982) surrounding the "useful triangle" of
484:) on the east. The main function of the barriers is to exclude
1517:
984:(AU) and United Nations have proposed negotiated solutions.
922:
demanding the demolition of the wall, the celebration of the
492:, who have sought Western Saharan independence since before
1705:
Map of Western Sahara, with the location of the wall marked
501:
United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
1577:
Screenings in The Devilâs Garden: The Sahara Film Festival
1533:
Demonstration in Western Sahara against Moroccan Army Wall
1370:"Marokkaanse veiligheidsmuur al twee decennia onomstreden"
1376:(in Dutch). The Hague. 2 February 2004. Archived from
672:
All major settlements in Western Sahara, the capital
547:
about 3 m (10 ft) in height, with bunkers,
741:
renegade mercenaries (c. 500 km (310 mi)).
654:, again crossing Mauritanian territory and reaching
440:
964:Western attention to the wall, and to the Moroccan
1676:"Morocco rejoins the African Union after 33 years"
1267:
1265:
854:accelerated the expulsion (begun in late 2004) of
1717:Landmine Monitor, LM Report 2006, Western Sahara
1641:Federal Research Division (retrieved 1 May 2006).
605:, etc). A series of overlapping fixed and mobile
646:. It then runs generally northeastward, leaving
571:), which rides along a topographical high point/
1729:â Created by the United Nations MINURSO mission
1206:"Country Profiles â Morocco and Western Sahara"
565:
505:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
386:
8:
890:, etc.), except a group of 48 who were from
593: mi) behind each major post there is a
1624:"Security Problems with Neighboring States"
771:(December 1984 â January 1985) surrounding
747:(December 1983 â January 1984) surrounding
1753:Buildings and structures in Western Sahara
829:(NovemberâDecember 2020) from 6th wall to
393:
379:
39:
1722:Landmine Monitor, LM Report 2006, Algeria
1712:Landmine Monitor, LM Report 2006, Morocco
1089:
1084:, Open Book Publishers, pp. 97â120,
987:The AU's stance on Western Sahara led to
968:in general, has been minimal, apart from
1665:, September 2003 (retrieved 1 May 2006).
1481:(in Spanish). El PaĂs. 19 October 2005.
1336:. (Google Maps, as of 30 November 2006)
1072:
998:
833:frontier (c. 14 km (8.7 mi)).
316:
264:
204:
159:
123:
63:
47:
1479:"De Bangladesh al desierto del SĂĄhara"
1395:Eljechtimi, Ahmed (17 November 2020).
1168:"Western Sahara Atlas Map â June 2006"
1130:from the original on 24 September 2018
805:experts (c. 670 km (420 mi))
1663:Foreign Policy in Focus Policy Report
1317:this satellite montage at Google Maps
684:lie far into the Moroccan-held side.
7:
1635:Country Studies/Area Handbook Series
1250:from the original on 18 October 2017
989:Morocco's exit from the organization
874:. They were from African countries (
757:(April 1984 â May 1984) surrounding
1224:from the original on 29 August 2012
1118:Maclean, Ruth (22 September 2018).
468:the Moroccan-controlled areas (the
430:
1650:Williams, Ian and Zunes, Stephen,
1453:"El Polisario busca desaparecidos"
1407:from the original on 20 April 2022
811:(FebruaryâApril 1987) surrounding
173:Political status of Western Sahara
95:Saguia el Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab
25:
1682:from the original on 24 June 2017
1485:from the original on 12 July 2023
1174:from the original on 28 July 2011
952:controls the mostly uninhabited "
898:The Thousand Column demonstration
785:(MayâSeptember 1985) surrounding
618:-based commander, who contacts a
525:Western Sahara separation barrier
1035:
1016:
1001:
950:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
482:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
460:and the southwestern portion of
55:
1678:. Al Jazeera. 31 January 2017.
960:External reactions and opinions
823:(c. 550 km (340 mi)).
779:(c. 380 km (240 mi)).
765:(c. 320 km (200 mi)).
751:(c. 300 km (190 mi)).
456:running south to north through
93:Movement for the Liberation of
1:
1614:, Issue 427, 10 November 2009
1602:The Berlin Wall of the Desert
978:Organization of African Unity
36:The berm visible from the air
966:annexation of Western Sahara
519:The wall is also called the
415:Moroccan Western Sahara Wall
178:Foreign relations of Morocco
168:Annexation of Western Sahara
106:Sahrawi National Union Party
1297:United Nations Map No. 3691
850:In the summer of 2005, the
638:, closely parallelling the
499:According to maps from the
441:
87:Moroccan Army of Liberation
1794:
1778:Politics of Western Sahara
1355:, reaching the coast near
1273:Milestones of the conflict
1768:Borders of Western Sahara
1538:23 September 2015 at the
1283:, page 2. Website of the
948:". The Polisario-founded
797:, again with the help of
729:, built with the help of
597:, which includes backing
1629:21 November 2010 at the
1592:, Issue 422, 20 May 2009
1278:21 February 2007 at the
1748:Western Sahara conflict
1555:Ibrahim Hussein Leibeit
1154:27 October 2007 at the
838:2005 expulsion incident
733:military engineers and
472:) on the west from the
49:Western Sahara conflict
43:Part of a series on the
1657:9 January 2007 at the
1607:3 January 2013 at the
1582:3 January 2013 at the
1374:CIDI Israel Newsletter
1302:23 August 2017 at the
1210:Journal of Mine Action
847:
702:
628:
410:
362:Manhasset negotiations
194:Royal Advisory Council
37:
1560:17 March 2014 at the
1509:17 March 2014 at the
1149:Deployment of MINURSO
1043:Western Sahara portal
918:, and others) made a
845:
700:
408:
337:UN referendum mission
234:Independence Intifada
35:
1612:New Internationalist
1589:New Internationalist
1427:"Patada al desierto"
1380:on 9 February 2005.
1351:12 July 2023 at the
1332:12 July 2023 at the
1322:12 July 2023 at the
1091:10.11647/obp.0121.06
1067:References and notes
1023:Wall south of Mahbes
442:al-jidÄr ar-ramliyya
342:ICJ Advisory Opinion
249:2020âpresent clashes
244:Arab Spring protests
188:Politics of the SADR
1773:Politics of Morocco
1758:Separation barriers
1639:Library of Congress
595:rapid reaction post
521:Western Sahara berm
476:-controlled areas (
332:UN visiting mission
286:Sahrawi nationality
196:for Saharan Affairs
116:Partition agreement
1763:Borders of Morocco
946:Southern Provinces
924:self-determination
856:illegal immigrants
848:
703:
640:Mauritanian border
531:Physical structure
470:Southern Provinces
423:Moroccan sand wall
421:, also called the
411:
224:Western Sahara War
147:Tiris al-Gharbiyya
142:Southern Provinces
82:Greater Mauritania
38:
1520:), 22 March 2008
1459:. 18 October 2005
503:(MINURSO) or the
451:
439:
403:
402:
367:Autonomy Proposal
352:Houston Agreement
296:Moroccan settlers
16:(Redirected from
1785:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1672:
1666:
1648:
1642:
1621:
1615:
1599:
1593:
1574:
1568:
1552:
1546:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1366:
1360:
1343:
1337:
1313:
1307:
1294:
1288:
1287:MINURSO mission.
1269:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1201:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1164:
1158:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1093:
1077:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1020:
1005:
592:
591:
587:
584:
577:observation post
488:fighters of the
446:
444:
434:
432:
395:
388:
381:
59:
40:
21:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1733:
1732:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1659:Wayback Machine
1649:
1645:
1631:Wayback Machine
1622:
1618:
1609:Wayback Machine
1600:
1596:
1584:Wayback Machine
1575:
1571:
1562:Wayback Machine
1553:
1549:
1540:Wayback Machine
1531:
1527:
1521:
1511:Wayback Machine
1502:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1433:on 21 July 2011
1425:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1353:Wayback Machine
1344:
1340:
1334:Wayback Machine
1324:Wayback Machine
1314:
1310:
1304:Wayback Machine
1295:
1291:
1280:Wayback Machine
1270:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1204:McCoull, Chad.
1203:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1156:Wayback Machine
1147:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1024:
1021:
1012:
1006:
997:
962:
942:
900:
840:
695:
690:
589:
585:
582:
580:
533:
517:
490:Polisario Front
399:
347:Settlement Plan
312:
260:
198:
195:
132:Saguia el-Hamra
101:Polisario Front
97:
94:
77:Greater Morocco
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1791:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1700:
1699:External links
1697:
1694:
1693:
1667:
1643:
1616:
1594:
1569:
1565:Focus Features
1547:
1545:, 9 April 2009
1525:
1496:
1470:
1455:(in Spanish).
1444:
1418:
1387:
1361:
1338:
1315:See also e.g.
1308:
1289:
1285:United Nations
1261:
1244:"ARSO Website"
1235:
1196:
1185:
1159:
1141:
1110:
1100:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1051:Defensive wall
1047:
1046:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1015:
1013:
1007:
1000:
996:
993:
961:
958:
941:
938:
899:
896:
839:
836:
835:
834:
824:
806:
780:
766:
752:
742:
694:
691:
689:
686:
624:artillery unit
612:artillery fire
532:
529:
516:
513:
458:Western Sahara
401:
400:
398:
397:
390:
383:
375:
372:
371:
370:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
327:UN resolutions
321:
320:
314:
313:
311:
310:
305:
300:
299:
298:
288:
283:
282:
281:
270:
267:
266:
262:
261:
259:
258:
257:
256:
246:
241:
236:
231:
229:First Intifada
226:
221:
219:Zemla Intifada
216:
210:
207:
206:
202:
201:
200:
199:
192:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
162:
161:
157:
156:
155:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
126:
125:
121:
120:
119:
118:
113:
111:Madrid Accords
108:
103:
98:
91:
89:
84:
79:
74:
72:Spanish Sahara
66:
65:
61:
60:
52:
51:
45:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1790:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1567:, 28 May 2009
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1142:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1101:9781783743681
1097:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1073:
1066:
1062:
1061:Wall of Shame
1059:
1057:
1056:List of walls
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1033:
1028:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1008:Wall east of
1004:
999:
994:
992:
990:
985:
983:
982:African Union
979:
975:
971:
967:
959:
957:
955:
951:
947:
939:
937:
935:
930:
928:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
897:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
852:Moroccan Army
844:
837:
832:
828:
825:
822:
818:
814:
810:
807:
804:
800:
799:South African
796:
792:
788:
787:Guelta Zemmur
784:
781:
778:
774:
770:
767:
764:
760:
756:
753:
750:
746:
743:
740:
736:
732:
731:South African
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
709:
708:
707:
699:
692:
687:
685:
683:
679:
675:
670:
666:
664:
661:
657:
653:
649:
648:Guelta Zemmur
645:
641:
637:
633:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
604:
600:
599:mobile forces
596:
578:
574:
570:
564:
561:
559:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
530:
528:
526:
522:
514:
512:
510:
506:
502:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
449:
443:
437:
431:ۧÙۏۯۧ۱ ۧÙ۱Ù
ÙÙ
428:
424:
420:
416:
407:
396:
391:
389:
384:
382:
377:
376:
374:
373:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
323:
322:
319:
318:Peace process
315:
309:
306:
304:
303:Moroccan Wall
301:
297:
294:
293:
292:
289:
287:
284:
280:
277:
276:
275:
272:
271:
269:
268:
263:
255:
252:
251:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
209:
208:
203:
197:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
165:
164:
163:
158:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
129:
128:
127:
122:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
96:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
69:
68:
67:
62:
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
42:
41:
34:
30:
19:
18:Moroccan Wall
1684:. Retrieved
1670:
1662:
1646:
1634:
1619:
1597:
1587:
1572:
1550:
1528:
1522:(in Spanish)
1499:
1487:. Retrieved
1473:
1461:. Retrieved
1447:
1435:. Retrieved
1431:the original
1421:
1409:. Retrieved
1400:
1390:
1381:
1378:the original
1373:
1364:
1341:
1311:
1292:
1271:
1252:. Retrieved
1238:
1226:. Retrieved
1209:
1199:
1188:
1178:14 September
1176:. Retrieved
1162:
1144:
1134:25 September
1132:. Retrieved
1124:the Guardian
1123:
1113:
1105:
1081:
1075:
986:
963:
943:
931:
904:human rights
901:
849:
826:
808:
791:Bir Anzarane
782:
768:
754:
744:
710:
704:
693:Construction
671:
667:
629:
566:
562:
534:
524:
520:
518:
498:
480:, nominally
422:
418:
414:
412:
308:Human rights
302:
29:
1228:27 November
920:human chain
910:, but also
831:Mauritanian
511:territory.
509:Mauritanian
291:Green March
1737:Categories
1489:28 October
927:referendum
892:Bangladesh
870:and 97 in
821:Bir Ganduz
735:Portuguese
721:, and the
676:, and the
636:Nouadhibou
632:Guerguerat
357:Baker Plan
239:Gdeim Izik
137:RĂo de Oro
64:Background
1218:2154-1485
954:Free Zone
912:Algerians
908:Spaniards
872:Bir Lehlu
860:Free Zone
725:mines at
723:phosphate
678:phosphate
553:landmines
543:walls or
486:guerrilla
478:Free Zone
474:Polisario
466:separates
436:romanized
152:Free Zone
1680:Archived
1655:Archived
1627:Archived
1605:Archived
1580:Archived
1558:Archived
1536:Archived
1514:El Mundo
1507:Archived
1483:Archived
1411:20 April
1405:Archived
1349:Archived
1330:Archived
1320:Archived
1300:Archived
1276:Archived
1254:13 April
1248:Archived
1222:Archived
1172:Archived
1152:Archived
1128:Archived
1029:See also
934:landmine
916:Italians
880:Cameroon
868:Tifariti
866:, 46 in
864:Mehaires
827:7th wall
809:6th wall
783:5th wall
769:4th wall
755:3rd wall
745:2nd wall
727:Bou Craa
715:El AaiĂșn
711:1st wall
682:Bou Craa
680:mine at
674:Laayoune
660:Algerian
523:and the
274:Refugees
254:Timeline
214:Ifni War
160:Politics
1727:Profile
1708:Section
1686:23 June
1543:Demotix
1457:El PaĂs
1401:Reuters
1193:MINURSO
995:Gallery
884:Nigeria
803:Israeli
777:Farciya
759:Jdiriya
688:History
622:-based
616:forward
588:⁄
462:Morocco
450:
438::
417:or the
205:Clashes
183:Makhzen
124:Regions
1463:28 May
1437:28 May
1357:Imlili
1216:
1098:
1010:Mahbes
974:Africa
940:Effect
876:Gambia
819:, and
817:Tichla
813:Auserd
795:Dakhla
793:, and
773:Mahbes
763:Haouza
749:Amgala
739:French
663:border
656:Haouza
644:Tichla
607:radars
569:trench
551:, and
549:fences
427:Arabic
265:Issues
1743:Walls
972:. In
970:Spain
888:Ghana
719:Smara
652:Smara
603:tanks
573:ridge
558:radar
545:berms
541:stone
515:Names
494:Spain
464:. It
279:camps
1688:2017
1491:2010
1465:2010
1439:2010
1413:2022
1256:2008
1230:2010
1214:ISSN
1180:2010
1136:2018
1096:ISBN
801:and
775:and
761:and
737:and
650:and
620:rear
539:and
537:sand
454:berm
448:lit.
419:Berm
413:The
1518:EFE
1086:doi
1739::
1661:,
1637:,
1633:,
1586:,
1403:.
1399:.
1264:^
1246:.
1220:.
1212:.
1208:.
1170:.
1126:.
1122:.
1104:,
1094:,
914:,
894:.
886:,
882:,
878:,
815:,
789:,
717:,
527:.
445:,
433:,
429::
1690:.
1516:(
1493:.
1467:.
1441:.
1415:.
1258:.
1232:.
1182:.
1138:.
1088::
980:/
626:.
601:(
590:2
586:1
583:+
581:2
425:(
394:e
387:t
380:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
