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164:, Bolivia. Such is the case of the "Comparsa de Morenos de los Veleros" born in 1913 and "Comparsa de los Morenos" of 1924 founded by Aymara migrant families and that come from the ancient dancers of the "comparsa de morenos" of the mid-century XIX, finally adopts the name of Morenada in 1950 and 1954, respectively.
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valley to be marketed in the mining centers of Oruro. The dance morenada would originate by imitating the treading of the grapes in the Oruro wineries and the barrel-shaped costumes would represent the barrel that contains the wine. At first sight this makes the theory seem extremely unprovable, but
106:
also declared
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the same institution and in all the folkloric entrances that are held in most of the towns, localities, and in many of the neighborhoods of each of the cities of Bolivia ( in the city of La Paz there are at least 246 annual folkloric entries,
93:
Morenada is one of the most representative dances of
Bolivian culture. This importance stands out for the dissemination of dance and music in the patron and civic festivals in different regions of the country. The morenada was declared Cultural Heritage of Bolivia in 2011, through Law No. 135, for
304:
In the colonial era of the
Viceroyalty of Peru, there is already a black population register in the Puno highlands, as documented in 1602 Ludovico Bertonio, an Italian Jesuit based in Juli, Puno. "To these blacks, the Andean population called them: Ch'ara or yanaruna.58 And to the pronounced geta
156:
dressed up as black people and representing characters like the caporal and the black troop. The "morenos" dance evokes the days of the colony. He was born precisely in the brotherhoods of slaves from Africa who mocked the dances of the white lords.
308:
Another hypothesis comes from the
Department of Puno in Peru, on the shores of Lake Titicaca (Puno). At the beginning of the 20th century, the presence of brunettes in devotion to the Virgen de la Candelaria is described in newspapers of the time:
225:
the first chants in the
Morenada allude to the African slaves who worked in winemaking. In addition, if one goes far enough back in history, one can discover that there were Afro-Bolivians working in vineyards - in other regions, such as
629:
114:, and is part of the Feast of the Virgin of La Candelaria, Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. It is also practiced and disseminated in the departments of Tacna and Moquegua due to the presence of Aymara population.
276:", as the Morenada in this region also is called. Some murals about 200–300 years old were found in the region, showing Morenada dancers and there still is a strong tradition of making elaborately embroidered Morenada costumes.
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Dance whose origin dates back to the colonial era and is inspired by the slave trade, from the transfer of black people brought by the
Spanish conquerors to work as workers in the silver mines in the
320:“The most sumptuous presentation of brunettes is due in the calendar to the first days of February. It is an indigenous offering to the Virgin of the Candelaria, patron of Puno ”(El Pueblo, 1923)
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they had, they said: Lakha llint'a. At the beginning of the 17th century, according to
Gonzales Holguín and Bertonio, the Africans were I alluded to them interchangeably as blacks or brunettes.
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98:, in honor of the Virgen del Socavón, declared a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. It can also be performed appreciate mainly in the
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and cultural organizations, the authorities and the
Chilean population recognize and affirm that the morenada is a Bolivian dance of Bolivian origin.
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are frequently associated with the rattling of the slaves' chains. However, there is no evidence that these
African slaves actually worked in the
615:
229:. Nowadays there might not be any Afro-Bolivians left where there are wineyards, but when the dance was created, there might have been.
579:
560:
1163:
409:
184:. The enormous tongue of the dark masks is meant to represent the physical state of these mines workers and the rattling of the
1957:
314:"Yesterday ... Three games of brunettes and numerous indigenous, have traveled the streets of the town" (El Eco de Puno, 1912)
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Then, the dance of the "morenos", changes its name in a historical process of acceptance of it, towards all social classes in
772:
1909:
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317:"From this morning they continue to travel the streets, the moorings, doing the usual home visits" (El Eco de Puno, 1916)
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1937:
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468:
140:, mostly by the Bolivian Immigrant Community. The Argentine population states that the morenada is a Bolivian dance.
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its recognized importance at national and national level international. In turn, this dance is performed during the
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323:“The attendance of numerous“ morenos ”troupes gave the festival a tone of deep joy” (El Eco de Puno, 1932)
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1536:
748:"La Morenada, Una Danza Afroaltiplánica » Sociedad | Diario los Andes » Noticias Puno Perú"
220:. This theory holds that African slaves made wine in Oruro with grapes collected and transferred from the
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is an Andean folk dance whose origins are still under debate. This dance is practiced mainly in
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678:"Entrada folklórica boliviana de la festividad de la Virgen de Copacabana en Buenos Aires"
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The most commonly shared theory says that the dance was inspired by the sufferings of the
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495:"Las danzas típicas conquistaron al público en la Gran Parada y Desfile Cívico Militar"
440:"Danzas folclóricas se lucen por primera vez en el desfile de Fiestas Patrias del Perú"
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and in recent years with
Bolivian immigration in Chile, Argentina and other countries.
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660:"Una mirada documental y caleidoscópica al baile de la morenada en Buenos Aires"
645:"Bailar con fe: Folkloric Devotional Practice in a Bolivian Immigrant Community"
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561:"Puno vivió fiesta de danzas en honor a la Virgen de la Candelaria | PERU"
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In Peru, la morenada is a typical dance in the Peruvian highlands, in the Puno
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A second theory relates the Morenada to the African slaves who settled in the
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715:"Sumarán otra danza tradicional para venerar a la patrona de los bolivianos"
546:"Escenificando el origen de la Morenada presentarán fiesta de la Candelaria"
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Morenada mask showing exaggerated features to represent the physical state.
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African, European and Native American communities in Bolivia and Peru
580:"Puno vivió fiesta de danzas en honor a la Virgen de la Candelaria"
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608:"Fiesta de Virgen de Copacabana tendrá 23 bloques de morenadas"
469:"Danzas, música y gallardía en un desfile con sabor a Perú"
192:, although there is much evidence that they worked in the
630:"Reconocen danzas de Bolivia que se interpretan en Chile"
521:"Gaceta Oficial del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia"
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34:
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734:""Morenada" tradicional de Bolivia en Argentina"
467:Salinas, Eduardo; Robles, Joel (30 July 2018).
311:
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260:The third theory relates the Morenada to the
8:
1917:Hispanic-influenced music in the Philippines
414:"La Morenada Patrimonio Cultural de Bolivia"
300:dancers between the centuries 19th and 20th.
256:dancers between the centuries 17th and 18th.
123:Carnaval Internacional con la Fuerza del Sol
176:brought to Bolivia in order to work in the
107:in each of which the morenada is danced) .
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121:, the morenada is practiced mainly in the
18:
280:African population of the Puno highlands
272:claim to be the place of origin of the "
401:
332:
702:(in Spanish). Clarín. 13 October 2012.
578:Fernández, Carlos (11 February 2018).
559:Fernández, Carlos (11 February 2018).
144:Theories about the origin of the dance
7:
732:Burbano, Edison (12 November 2013).
696:"Fiesta de colores en la 9 de julio"
501:(in European Spanish). 30 July 2018
448:(in European Spanish). 29 July 2018
370:Morenada Bellavista parade at the
14:
658:Rodríguez, Andres (11 May 2018).
386:Morenada Laykakota parade at the
296:depicting what is believed to be
252:depicting what is believed to be
410:Ministerio de Culturas y Turismo
379:
363:
347:
335:
168:African slavery in Potosí theory
233:Cave paintings in La Paz theory
1:
721:(in Spanish). Diario de Cuyo.
250:Los Andes Province (Bolivia)
196:(mint) in the production of
152:, recently initiated by the
1974:
736:(in Spanish). Las2Orillas.
288:Moreno in the locality of
208:Winemaking in Oruro theory
136:the morenada is danced in
612:www.diariosinfronteras.pe
66:
684:(in Spanish). eabolivia.
647:. Instituto Hemisférico.
719:www.diariodecuyo.com.ar
354:Morenada parade at the
1958:Native American dances
326:
301:
257:
475:(in European Spanish)
445:Ministerio de Cultura
287:
240:
100:Fiesta del Gran Poder
788:Music genres in the
420:on 27 September 2018
1751:Afro-Peruvian music
1074:Afro-Peruvian music
244:in the locality of
150:Viceroyalty of Peru
35:Typical instruments
1938:Culture of Bolivia
1657:Charanga-vallenata
1089:Son de los Diablos
548:. 12 January 2013.
412:(29 August 2018).
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713:Juarez, Fabiana.
643:Carmona, Alicia.
268:. Places such as
194:Casa de la Moneda
96:Carnaval de Oruro
76:
75:
16:Andean folk dance
1965:
1819:Canción melódica
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1433:Traditional folk
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1049:Paraguayan polka
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202:domestic service
68:Music of Bolivia
27:Cultural origins
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1807:Other genres
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588:(in Spanish)
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525:the original
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503:. Retrieved
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473:La República
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62:Other topics
1905:Latin music
1829:Contradanza
1721:Tecnocumbia
1696:New Chilean
1681:Bullerengue
1537:Cha-cha-cha
1470:jalisciense
1460:Mexican Son
1344:Alternative
1307:Nuevo tango
1206:Duranguense
1154:Nueva trova
999:Alternative
953:Latin urban
811:Carnavalito
592:6 September
585:El Comercio
565:El Comercio
424:25 December
216:region for
1932:Categories
1889:Villancico
1771:Latin jazz
1744:Afro-Latin
1701:Panamanian
1631:Son cubano
1424:Venezuelan
1384:Latin rock
1379:Ecuadorian
1039:Chamarrita
1032:Litoraleña
1019:Panamanian
1009:Moombahton
915:Isa (from
531:2019-12-25
505:24 October
479:24 October
452:24 October
396:References
274:Fish Dance
227:Chuquisaca
1910:subgenres
1849:Pasacalle
1824:Christian
1814:Aguinaldo
1686:Colombian
1676:Argentine
1653:Vallenato
1624:romántica
1607:Guaguancó
1487:Zamacueca
1440:Chacarera
1419:Uruguayan
1399:Nueva ola
1374:Dominican
1364:Colombian
1349:Argentine
1317:Bandoneon
1139:Colombian
1126:Latin pop
1116:Zamacueca
1094:Toro Mata
1014:Neoperreo
991:Reggaeton
938:Tajaraste
933:Pasodoble
928:Malagueña
270:Achacachi
246:Chirapaca
134:Argentina
47:bass drum
1766:Candombe
1706:Peruvian
1597:Pachanga
1592:Méringue
1587:Merengue
1577:Guaracha
1562:Cuarteto
1552:Charanga
1542:Champeta
1514:Tropical
1497:Marinera
1465:huasteco
1404:Peruvian
1302:Neotango
1249:Candombe
1226:Ranchera
1216:Mariachi
1179:Conjunto
1164:Regional
1101:Marinera
1044:Guarania
1004:Bachatón
943:Zarzuela
884:Cantiñas
879:Bulerías
869:Flamenco
864:Fandango
826:Morenada
816:Diablada
298:Morenada
254:Morenada
186:Matracas
80:Morenada
22:Morenada
1898:Related
1854:Pasillo
1834:Criolla
1788:Milonga
1731:Cachaca
1726:Villera
1691:Mexican
1636:montuno
1572:Guajira
1547:Changüí
1532:Calypso
1522:Bachata
1475:jarocho
1414:Spanish
1394:Mexican
1359:Chilean
1354:Chicano
1292:Milonga
1264:Milonga
1201:Grupera
1184:Norteño
1174:Corrido
1166:Mexican
1144:Mexican
1106:Tondero
1079:Festejo
1054:Chamamé
976:R&B
961:Hip hop
874:Alboreá
806:Bambuco
664:El PAÍS
329:Gallery
200:and in
84:Bolivia
51:trumpet
39:Matraca
1864:Pregón
1844:Décima
1793:Tambor
1783:Mapalé
1668:Cumbia
1567:Danzón
1527:Bolero
1482:Tonada
1455:Joropo
1233:Trival
1221:Jarabe
1194:Tejano
1189:Nortec
1134:Ballad
971:Reggae
821:Huayno
798:Andean
266:La Paz
262:Aymara
222:La Paz
182:Potosí
154:Aymara
112:region
104:La Paz
43:cymbal
1859:Plena
1839:Danza
1756:Bomba
1711:Porro
1648:Trova
1643:Timba
1614:Salsa
1602:Rumba
1582:Mambo
1557:Conga
1502:Zamba
1492:Cueca
1389:Metal
1369:Cuban
1279:Tango
1269:Murga
1254:Cueca
1211:Banda
1084:Landó
966:House
911:Folia
904:Soleá
899:Saeta
859:Copla
836:Tinku
356:Oruro
214:Oruro
198:coins
190:mines
162:Oruro
127:Arica
119:Chile
1874:Seis
1619:dura
1450:Gato
1336:Rock
1297:Vals
1111:Vals
981:Trap
923:Jota
831:Saya
594:2018
507:2018
481:2018
454:2018
426:2019
388:Puno
372:Puno
294:Puno
290:Ichu
88:Peru
78:The
55:tuba
1716:Rap
499:RPP
180:of
132:In
125:in
117:In
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