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For cells to function properly, they must organize themselves in space and interact mechanically with their environment... Eucaryotic cells have developed... the cytoskeleton... pulls the chromosomes apart at mitosis and then splits the dividing cell into two... drives and guides intracellular
431:
403:
499:
195:. This motility is brought about by the contraction of smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract which mix the luminal contents with various secretions (segmentation) and move contents through the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus (peristalsis).
58:
Motility is observed in animals, microorganisms, and even some plant structures, playing crucial roles in activities such as foraging, reproduction, and cellular functions. It is genetically determined but can be influenced by environmental factors.
483:
89:
Motility also includes physiological processes like gastrointestinal movements and peristalsis. Understanding motility is important in biology, medicine, and ecology, as it impacts processes ranging from bacterial behavior to ecosystem dynamics.
117:
means a lifeform that can be moved but only passively; sessile organisms including plants and fungi often have vagile parts such as fruits, seeds, or spores which may be dispersed by other agents such as wind, water, or other organisms.
784:
E. Cooper, Chris; C. Brown, Guy (October 2008). "The inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase by the gases carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide: chemical mechanism and physiological significance".
213:
227:
induce cells to move through liquid and over surfaces, divide into new cells, and the cytoskeleton guides the transport of organelles within the cell. This video captures stained cytoskeletons from the cross section of a leaf of
534:
1056:
traffic of organelles... enables cells such as sperm to swim and others, such as fibroblasts and white blood cells, to crawl across surfaces. It exhibits wide range of movement
722:. The cell's origin and environment that determine which transcription factors are active within a cell, and, hence, which genes are turned on, and which proteins are produced.
55:
to move independently using metabolic energy. This biological concept encompasses movement at various levels, from whole organisms to cells and subcellular components.
471:
896:
Cooke, Steven J.; Thorstad, Eva B.; Hinch, Scott G. (March 2004). "Activity and energetics of free-swimming fish: insights from electromyogram telemetry".
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It assists in the circulation of blood and protects and confines the visceral organs. It also provides the main shaping component of the human form.
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1230:
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743:
592:
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Division of the cytoplasm, known as cytokinesis, follows telophase. During division, cell organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts
869:
Krohn, Martha M.; Boisdair, Daniel (May 1994). "Use of a Stereo-video System to
Estimate the Energy Expenditure of Free-swimming Fish".
711:
1205:
922:
We encourage the continued development and refinement of devices for monitoring the activity and energetics of free-swimming fish
106:, the state of organisms that do not possess a means of self-locomotion and are normally immobile. Motility differs from
611:
the cytoplasm in half (Figure 3.15). In plant cells, the Golgi apparatus forms vesicles of new cell wall materials which
67:
960:
Acoustic telemetry was used to monitor ambient water temperature and tissue temperature in free-swimming bluefin tuna (
672:
169:
660:"capacity of movement," 1827, from French motilité (1827), from Latin mot-, stem of movere "to move" (see move (v.)).
1244:. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendons. Ligaments attach bones to other bones, to hold them together.
192:
934:
Carey, Francis G.; Lawson, Kenneth D. (February 1973). "Temperature regulation in free-swimming bluefin tuna".
78:. These cellular movements can be directed by external stimuli, a phenomenon known as taxis. Examples include
1039:
Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Juian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter (2008). "16".
1301:
184:
161:
75:
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293:, a form of motility used by bacteria to crawl over surfaces using grappling hook-like filaments called
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All cells can be considered motile for having the ability to divide into two new daughter cells.
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Protozoa are microscopic, one-celled organisms that can be free-living or parasitic in nature.
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The new atlas of the human body : a full color guide to the structure of the body
1200:(8th. ed.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers. p. 395.
168:
in multicellular organs and tissue are also considered instances of motility, as with
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forming the new plasma membranes and cell walls between the two cells (Figure 3.17).
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Muscles give the ability for voluntary movement, and involuntary movement as in
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The record speeds cheetahs hold are owed in large to their muscle motility.
955:
517:
505:
493:. The roots grow away from light. This is known as negative phototropism.
309:
149:
99:
52:
62:
In multicellular organisms, motility is facilitated by systems like the
845:
273:
157:
133:
and musculoskeletal system provide the majority of mammalian motility.
102:
to move independently, using metabolic energy, can be contrasted with
17:
1225:. Broughton-in-Furness: Coordination Group Publications. p. 50.
1223:
A2-level biology : the revision guide : exam board: Edexcel
489:
The shoots of plants move by growing towards light. This is known as
450:
446:
414:
141:
70:
systems, while at the cellular level, it involves mechanisms such as
1026:
Vander's Human
Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function (14th ed)
882:
970:], 1758) over periods ranging from a few hours to several days.
277:
bacterium, which swims by rotating a helical prokaryotic flagellum)
1145:
1070:"Amoeboid Cells Use Protrusions for Walking, Gliding and Swimming"
438:
328:
294:
208:
126:
36:
720:
any change in cell shape is preceded by a change in gene activity
183:
Motility includes an organism's ability to move food through its
462:
252:
1259:
Vannini, Vanio; Jolly, Richard T.; Pogliani, Giuliano (1994).
966:
524:. Note that this cartoon is not an accurate representation of
245:, a crawling-like movement, which also makes swimming possible
1246:
Skeletal muscles contract and relax to move bones at a joint.
1024:
Wildmarier, Eric P.; Raff, Hershel; Strang, Kevin T. (2016).
603:
evenly between the cells. In animal cells, division is by
238:
At the cellular level, different modes of movement exist:
1043:(5th ed.). New York: Garland Science. p. 965.
828:
P.H. Hamming; N.J. Overeem; J. Huskens (November 2019).
144:
are motile, though some are vagile, described as having
607:
of the plasma membrane at the equator of the spindle, '
125:, but may be affected by environmental factors such as
1276:
The muscle mass is not just concerned with locomotion.
1238:
Skeletal muscle is the type of muscle you use to move
587:(6th ed.). London: Hodder Murray. p. 111.
461:
play a more important role in transporting sperm to
372:
along the direction of the gravitational force (see
615:of the spindle, known as the cell plate. Here, the
871:Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
706:. San Diego, California: Kales Press. p. 75.
263:, a swimming-like motion (observed for example in
176:are commonly called free-swimming, and motile non-
583:Clegg, Chris (2008). "3.2 Cells make organisms".
540:Motility at the sub-cellular level. This depicts
1133:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
333:Events perceived as movements can be directed:
187:. There are two types of intestinal motility –
1221:Parsons, Richard (2009). "Unit 5 Section 1".
386:along a gradient of cell adhesion sites (see
8:
704:Coming to life: how genes drive development
1129:"On the swimming of Dictyostelium amoebae"
313:, or under specific circumstances such as
1172:
1162:
1144:
1103:
1093:
1028:. New York, NY: McGraw Hill. p. 528.
936:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A
853:
787:Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes
267:, propelled by the regular beat of their
1263:. London: Chancellor Press. p. 25.
110:, the ability of an object to be moved.
82:(movement along chemical gradients) and
1008:-overview Intestinal Motility Disorders
575:
399:
301:Many cells are not motile, for example
27:Ability to move using metabolic energy
698:Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane (2006).
613:collect along the line of the equator
7:
1242:bicep and triceps move the lower arm
1127:Bae, A. J.; Bodenschatz, E. (2010).
1068:Van Haastert, Peter J. M. (2011).
344:along a temperature gradient (see
180:organisms are called free-living.
25:
830:"Influenza as a molecular walker"
358:along a magnetic field line (see
86:(movement in response to light).
918:10.1111/j.1467-2960.2004.00136.x
738:. Harlow: Pearson. p. 138.
533:
498:
482:
470:
430:
402:
763:. Harlow: Pearson. p. 67.
379:along a rigidity gradient (see
337:along a chemical gradient (see
164:are motile; some mechanisms of
1:
1041:Molecular biology of the cell
985:. Centers for Disease Control
673:"Botanical Nerd Word: Vagile"
656:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
365:along an electric field (see
1095:10.1371/journal.pone.0027532
948:10.1016/0300-9629(73)90490-8
759:Fullick, Ann (2009). "6.1".
734:Fullick, Ann (2009). "7.1".
421:, motility is a synonym for
351:along a light gradient (see
98:Motility, the ability of an
251:, enabling movement of the
1320:
677:torontobotanicalgarden.ca/
326:
202:
29:
799:10.1007/s10863-008-9166-6
700:"6 Form and Form Changes"
170:gastrointestinal motility
761:Edexcel A2-level biology
736:Edexcel A2-level biology
548:molecular process using
30:Not to be confused with
1196:Gilbert, Scott (2006).
1164:10.1073/pnas.1011900107
445:to help them swim. The
162:multicellular organisms
585:Edexcel biology for AS
457:linings of the female
417:. At the level of the
235:
156:, including even some
123:genetically determined
45:
1198:Developmental biology
491:positive phototropism
393:along other cells or
304:Klebsiella pneumoniae
220:
51:is the ability of an
40:
718:During development,
231:Arabidopsis thaliana
76:flagellar propulsion
1155:2010PNAS..107E.165B
1086:2011PLoSO...627532V
964:Linneaus [
910:2004AqFF....5...21C
520:by extending their
459:reproductive system
898:Fish and Fisheries
846:10.1039/C9SC05149J
601:become distributed
291:twitching motility
261:flagellar motility
236:
146:passive locomotion
46:
1270:978-1-85152-984-1
1232:978-1-84762-264-8
1050:978-0-8153-4106-2
983:"About Parasites"
770:978-1-4082-0602-7
745:978-1-4082-0602-7
679:. 7 November 2016
617:vesicles coalesce
594:978-0-340-96623-5
286:swarming motility
243:amoeboid movement
218:
138:animal locomotion
72:amoeboid movement
16:(Redirected from
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316:Yersinia pestis
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185:digestive tract
136:In addition to
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68:musculoskeletal
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1139:(44): E165–6.
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1080:(11): e27532.
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942:(2): 375–392.
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713:978-0979845604
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564:Cell migration
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154:microorganisms
131:nervous system
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42:Cell division.
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989:29 September
987:. Retrieved
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921:
904:(1): 21–52.
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840:(1): 27–36.
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683:29 September
681:. Retrieved
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638:. Retrieved
626:
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584:
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526:phagocytosis
367:galvanotaxis
360:magnetotaxis
332:
314:
308:
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300:
295:type IV pili
272:
237:
229:
193:segmentation
182:
135:
121:Motility is
120:
114:
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107:
97:
88:
61:
57:
48:
47:
1240:, e.g. the
544:- a motile
542:translation
522:pseudopodia
510:macrophages
395:biopolymers
346:thermotaxis
265:spermatozoa
256:growth cone
189:peristalsis
94:Definitions
1297:Physiology
1291:Categories
632:"Motility"
605:in-tucking
570:References
423:locomotion
388:haptotaxis
374:gravitaxis
353:phototaxis
339:chemotaxis
327:See also:
222:Eukaryotic
203:See also:
166:fluid flow
152:and other
84:phototaxis
80:chemotaxis
1146:1008.3709
1013:eMedicine
609:pinching'
546:nanoscale
506:Monocytes
455:fallopian
443:flagellum
381:durotaxis
323:Movements
271:, or the
269:flagellum
249:filopodia
178:parasitic
172:. Motile
113:The term
104:sessility
1183:20921382
1114:22096590
1074:PLOS ONE
815:13682333
807:18839291
640:10 March
558:See also
518:Bacteria
447:cervical
415:reflexes
310:Shigella
150:bacteria
115:vagility
108:mobility
100:organism
53:organism
49:Motility
1174:2973909
1151:Bibcode
1105:3212573
1082:Bibcode
956:4145757
906:Bibcode
855:7021193
516:engulf
512:of the
451:uterine
274:E. coli
158:viruses
148:. Many
142:animals
140:, most
64:nervous
1267:
1229:
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1102:
1047:
954:
852:
813:
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767:
742:
710:
591:
453:, and
253:axonal
160:, and
129:. The
127:toxins
18:Motile
1141:arXiv
811:S2CID
635:(PDF)
439:sperm
437:Most
329:Taxis
1265:ISBN
1227:ISBN
1202:ISBN
1179:PMID
1110:PMID
1045:ISBN
991:2020
952:PMID
803:PMID
765:ISBN
740:ISBN
708:ISBN
685:2020
642:2018
589:ISBN
508:and
413:and
307:and
191:and
74:and
66:and
1169:PMC
1159:doi
1137:107
1100:PMC
1090:doi
1011:at
967:sic
944:doi
914:doi
879:doi
850:PMC
842:doi
795:doi
463:ova
1293::
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1235:.
1177:.
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950:.
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