2795:
473:
35:
963:. As Libya was discontented with the technology the USSR wanted to provide them with, the Belgian nuclear company Belgonucleaire was asked to take over the contract. However, due to objection from the United States for concerns regarding misuse of nuclear weapons development, Belgonucleaire refused and Libya asked the USSR again. In the end, the project was stopped during its planning phase in 1986.
1042:
1028:
974:
signed an agreement on peaceful uses of atomic energy, and in July 2007, they signed a memorandum of understanding related to building a mid-sized nuclear plant with Areva reactor for seawater desalination. This deal was opposed by
Germany. This was followed by a memorandum with Canada, to share
686:
In 2019, Libya consumed 271 billion cubic feet (Bcf) of natural gas, approximately half of its domestic production. The power sector predominantly accounts for the country's domestic natural gas demand, representing roughly 90% of its consumption in 2020.
990:
reached an estimated output of 32 terawatt-hours (TWh). The primary fuel sources for electricity generation in Libya are natural gas, accounting for 67%, and oil, contributing 33%. Diesel and fuel oil are the main petroleum sources utilized in
108:
and exports, directly impacting the national economy and its contributions to the global oil market. The sector's future is closely tied to the resolution of political conflicts and the effective management of its vast hydrocarbon resources.
490:. In 2007, Libya was the world's 10th largest oil exporter, with 73 Mt in oil exports. As of 2009, Europe's share of Libya's oil exports was 78%. Domestically, the primary energy use in Libya was 237 TWh and 37 TWh per million persons.
1493:
1011:
in hospitals and public lighting projects. The government has set a target of sourcing 22% of its electricity from renewables by 2030 to diversify its energy mix. Libya's solar potential has drawn foreign investment, with
1002:
In 2021, Libya generated a total of 34,629 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of electricity, with non-renewable sources accounting for 34,621 GWh, representing almost 100% of the total generation. Renewable sources, notably
793:
In 2024, Libya experienced a significant decline in natural gas production, with projections indicating further substantial decreases by 2025, particularly affecting the Wafa and Bouri fields.
999:
sometimes turn to crude oil when imported refined products are unavailable. Owing to frequent blackouts, many businesses in Libya depend on diesel-fired generators as a backup power source.
1441:
832:
through the
Renewable Energy Authority of Libya. The Libya Renewable Energy Strategic Plan 2013–2025, released in 2012, sets a goal of 10% renewable energy contribution to the country's
129:, the world population grew 5.3%, and the Libyan population grew 9.4%. As a net exporter of oil, Libya's energy production was also stimulated by growing populations in countries like
1354:
560:
In 2010, 28% of Libyan oil exports went to Italy (over 284,000 barrels a day). In 2009, Europe's share of total Libyan oil exports were around 78%. Other importers in 2009 included
683:
By the end of 2021, Libya possessed proved natural gas reserves totaling 53 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), ranking fifth in Africa, behind
Nigeria, Algeria, Mozambique, and Egypt.
2896:
1170:
93:
1906:
925:
The country has a high potential for wind and solar energy. Construction has begun on a 100 MW solar power plant in the town of Kufra in southeastern Libya.
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1326:
1214:
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1203:
3282:
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168:. Furthermore, in 2020, the combined revenues from oil and natural gas exports constituted approximately 73% of Libya's total export value.
1225:
3249:
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2323:
100:. Despite its abundant resources, the energy industry in Libya has faced significant challenges due to political instability following the
3277:
3259:
3365:
2700:
1289:
1247:
1236:
2136:
2782:
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1007:, had a minimal impact, contributing only 8 GWh. The country's solar power sector primarily consists of small-scale endeavors like
1784:
2933:
554:
2328:
3141:
2918:
1055:
3188:
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171:
In 2020, the total energy supply (TES) primarily came from oil and gas, which contributed 53% and 43%, respectively, while
2928:
2903:
2720:
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1911:
3329:
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1608:
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118:
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1412:
978:
In 2010, prior to the death of
Muammar Gaddafi, Libya confirmed that it intended to create a nuclear energy sector.
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2201:
1966:
1060:
472:
105:
101:
3166:
2513:
2423:
2313:
2081:
1901:
3347:
2747:
2695:
2076:
2066:
1951:
1871:
987:
2016:
1322:
1211:
3287:
3108:
3055:
3019:
2981:
2943:
2850:
2650:
2233:
1971:
1936:
1814:
1200:
481:
161:
3407:
2192:
2179:
2170:
3264:
3009:
2976:
2948:
2725:
2715:
2166:
2141:
2061:
2026:
2011:
1996:
1886:
1623:
1266:
813:
498:
2096:
117:
From 2004 to 2008, Libyan energy production increased by 21.5% and energy exports increased by 27%.
3359:
2938:
2710:
1386:
837:
3244:
3209:
3181:
3060:
3029:
2886:
2845:
2830:
2825:
2803:
2116:
2091:
1941:
1916:
1881:
1866:
1467:"The Truth Behind the Paris Agreement Climate Pledges – "Insufficient to Address Climate Change""
1222:
165:
77:
69:
1689:
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3353:
3234:
3103:
3095:
3075:
2869:
2855:
2730:
2188:
2101:
2071:
2056:
2041:
2031:
2021:
1986:
1981:
1931:
1876:
1851:
538:
122:
3401:
3383:
3239:
3219:
3134:
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3024:
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2757:
2682:
2111:
2106:
2046:
2001:
1961:
1856:
1837:
1664:
1631:
959:. The reactors were intended to serve a dual-use for electric power generation and seawater
948:
829:
546:
476:
Oil is the major natural resource of Libya, with estimated reserves of 43.6 billion barrels.
81:
975:
nuclear medicine, desalinization technology and co-operation over nuclear energy research.
836:
by 2025. Renewable energy will come from wind, concentrated solar power, photovoltaic, and
3389:
3229:
3224:
3065:
2740:
2705:
2086:
2036:
1976:
1956:
1946:
1921:
1861:
1330:
1309:
1293:
1285:
1273:
1251:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1218:
1207:
1196:
1188:+ 2012 as in March 2014 is comparable to previous years statistical calculation criteria,
1185:
1174:
844:
805:
97:
1118:
1627:
48:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
3377:
3341:
3150:
3115:
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2006:
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802:
17:
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3423:
3174:
3070:
2840:
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2690:
1047:
1013:
956:
565:
3155:
2996:
1033:
992:
960:
142:
1732:
1714:
1004:
157:
84:. As of 2021, Libya is recognized as the seventh-largest crude oil producer in
1023:
996:
843:
Libya is among 13 countries that have not submitted climate pledges under the
833:
534:
526:
506:
172:
955:-440 reactors, each delivering 440 megawatts (MW) of electrical power on the
816:. This pipeline plays a key role in connecting Libyan gas fields directly to
1041:
1008:
530:
518:
176:
153:
1639:
2225:
1267:"In a pure coincidence, Gaddafi impeded U.S. oil interests before the war"
947:
In the late 1970s Libya signed a contract with the Soviet nuclear company
164:, in 2021, oil revenues alone accounted for an estimated 98% of the total
812:, which sourced 4% of its natural gas imports from Libya in 2023 via the
104:
that began in 2011. These challenges have led to frequent disruptions in
1442:"National Plan for Developing the Renewable Energy in Libya (2013-2025)"
522:
971:
941:
817:
569:
89:
73:
1523:"Libya begins construction of 100MW solar power plant in Kufra town"
152:
Libya's economy heavily depends on revenue generated from exporting
1806:
2767:
2673:
967:
809:
561:
550:
510:
471:
146:
138:
134:
130:
3197:
952:
934:
514:
487:
85:
3302:
3170:
2646:
2229:
1810:
1736:
1119:"International - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)"
502:
96:
and 39% of Africa's, marking it as a key player in the global
28:
1276:, Glenn Greenwald. Salon. 11 June 2011. Accessed 11 June 2011
1413:"Libya Renewable Energy Strategic Plan 2013-2025 – Policies"
542:
88:
and ranks third in total petroleum liquids production in
2642:
1325:
Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48
940:
Libya has a Soviet-designed 10 MWt research reactor in
1492:
IRENA, International
Renewable Energy Agency (2024).
1016:
intending to develop 500 MW of solar power projects.
446:
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses
797:
International
Importance and Pipeline Infrastructure
3042:
2963:
2868:
2802:
2681:
2567:
2542:
2261:
2150:
2125:
1844:
849:
513:one. Other major producers in the country include
3198:Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
501:of Libya. The biggest oil producers in Libya are
1785:"Libya moving forward with nuclear power plans"
179:comprised 100% of the renewable energy supply.
454:calculation criteria changed, numbers updated
3314:
3182:
2658:
2241:
1822:
1609:"Nuclear desalination: history and prospects"
1257:October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
1154:International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
8:
851:Total renewable energy capacity, 2014-2023 (
1166:IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics
1082:"Country Analysis Executive Summary: Libya"
121:in Libya was likely driven by industry and
3321:
3307:
3299:
3189:
3175:
3167:
3048:
2969:
2874:
2808:
2665:
2651:
2643:
2248:
2234:
2226:
1829:
1815:
1807:
691:Natural gas production from 2011 to 2021 (
1578:"Nuclear Power Reactor Details - LIBYA-2"
1548:"Nuclear Power Reactor Details - LIBYA-1"
1303:
1301:
689:
574:
184:
181:
3283:OPEC Fund for International Development
1355:"bp Statistical Review of World Energy"
1072:
125:. During this period, according to the
1349:
1347:
1341:Financial Times 23 February 2011 p. 24
444:
92:. The country holds 3% of the world's
80:, which serves as the backbone of the
1435:
1433:
1387:"Libya Confronts Gas Deficit in 2025"
1381:
1379:
72:, consumption, import, and export of
7:
1759:"Canada and Libya look to cooperate"
1494:"RENEWABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2024"
1141:
1139:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1733:"Germans attack Libya nuclear deal"
1715:"Libya in 'milestone' nuclear deal"
2701:Islamic Tripolitania and Cyrenaica
1307:Libyan chaos threatens oil crisis
801:Libyan natural gas is crucial for
576:Oil production from 2011 to 2021 (
76:, with a significant focus on the
25:
995:, although facilities located at
828:The government of Libya promotes
555:Oil & Natural Gas Corporation
2793:
2554:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2324:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2137:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1907:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1286:Key world energy statistics 2009
1040:
1026:
175:accounted for approximately 4%.
33:
2897:Foreign relations under Gaddafi
1179:2014 (2012R as in November 2015
1056:List of power stations in Libya
133:(12.2% growth in that period),
1323:IEA Key energy statistics 2011
68:primarily revolves around the
1:
3332:and primary energy 2008 (TWh)
2904:Government of National Accord
1636:10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00148-5
933:Libya became a member of the
3330:Energy in the OPEC countries
2909:Government of National Unity
1607:Megahed, Mohamed M. (2001).
3278:List of secretaries general
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
370:
367:
364:
361:
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355:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
127:International Energy Agency
119:Domestic energy consumption
3446:
1690:"Libya Nuclear Chronology"
1527:Construction Review Online
505:, an Italian company, and
479:
421:
398:
375:
352:
329:
306:
283:
260:
237:
3337:
3273:
3205:
3128:
3051:
2972:
2877:
2811:
2791:
42:This article needs to be
3015:National Oil Corporation
2934:House of Representatives
2309:Central African Republic
1892:Central African Republic
1665:"Libyan Nuclear Weapons"
1521:Alhaji (19 March 2020).
1195:2 September 2014 at the
495:National Oil Corporation
2256:Energy policy of Africa
1329:27 October 2011 at the
1250:12 October 2009 at the
1228:11 October 2010 at the
1217:27 October 2011 at the
1061:Oil megaprojects (2011)
18:Nuclear energy in Libya
1584:. IAEA. Archived from
1554:. IAEA. Archived from
1446:African Power Platform
1292:7 October 2013 at the
1239:7 October 2013 at the
1147:"Energy Profile Libya"
988:electricity generation
477:
3288:OPEC Reference Basket
3250:Republic of the Congo
2929:High Council of State
2469:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2329:Republic of the Congo
2052:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1912:Republic of the Congo
944:that was built 1981.
486:Libya is a member of
482:Oil reserves in Libya
475:
3366:United Arab Emirates
3260:United Arab Emirates
3010:Great Man-Made River
2914:Presidential Council
2726:Italian Tripolitania
2721:Italian colonization
1313:23 February 2011 p.2
1272:27 July 2011 at the
1206:9 March 2013 at the
1184:5 April 2015 at the
1173:4 March 2016 at the
814:Greenstream pipeline
162:Libya's Central Bank
2763:Libya under Gaddafi
2711:Hospitaller Tripoli
2544:States with limited
2127:States with limited
1628:2001Desal.135..169M
1391:Energy Intelligence
1364:(71 ed.). 2022
856:
838:solar water heating
808:, particularly for
696:
581:
166:government revenues
94:proven oil reserves
2924:Head of government
1789:World Nuclear News
1763:World Nuclear News
1669:GlobalSecurity.org
1080:EIA (9 May 2022).
850:
690:
575:
478:
78:petroleum industry
3417:
3416:
3296:
3295:
3215:Equatorial Guinea
3164:
3163:
3124:
3123:
3038:
3037:
2959:
2958:
2892:Foreign relations
2864:
2863:
2753:Allied occupation
2731:Italian Cyrenaica
2640:
2639:
2571:other territories
2344:Equatorial Guinea
2223:
2222:
2154:other territories
1927:Equatorial Guinea
1838:Energy in Africa
1473:. 5 November 2019
1440:Marques, Filipa.
986:In 2019, Libya's
923:
922:
791:
790:
676:
675:
539:Sirte Oil Company
499:state oil company
460:
459:
455:
447:
123:population growth
63:
62:
16:(Redirected from
3437:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3300:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3168:
3144:
3137:
3049:
3000:
2970:
2875:
2809:
2797:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2644:
2632:
2631:(United Kingdom)
2627:Tristan da Cunha
2623:Ascension Island
2615:
2602:
2593:
2569:Dependencies and
2262:Sovereign states
2250:
2243:
2236:
2227:
2215:
2214:(United Kingdom)
2210:Tristan da Cunha
2206:Ascension Island
2198:
2185:
2176:
2152:Dependencies and
1845:Sovereign states
1831:
1824:
1817:
1808:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1791:. 8 January 2010
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1721:. 16 March 2006.
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1694:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1644:
1638:. Archived from
1613:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1498:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1437:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1359:
1351:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1320:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1283:
1277:
1264:
1258:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1156:. 8 August 2023.
1151:
1143:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1115:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1029:
949:Atomenergoexport
857:
830:renewable energy
697:
582:
547:Hess Corporation
449:
445:
185:Energy in Libya
182:
58:
55:
49:
37:
36:
29:
21:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3430:Energy in Libya
3420:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3333:
3327:
3297:
3292:
3269:
3201:
3195:
3165:
3160:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3120:
3091:Public holidays
3034:
2998:
2955:
2860:
2798:
2789:
2783:2014–2020
2741:Libyan genocide
2706:Spanish Tripoli
2677:
2671:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2613:
2600:
2591:
2572:
2570:
2563:
2547:
2545:
2538:
2257:
2254:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2196:
2183:
2174:
2155:
2153:
2146:
2130:
2128:
2121:
1840:
1835:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1742:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1645:on 15 July 2007
1642:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1331:Wayback Machine
1321:
1317:
1310:Financial Times
1306:
1299:
1294:Wayback Machine
1284:
1280:
1274:Wayback Machine
1265:
1261:
1252:Wayback Machine
1241:Wayback Machine
1230:Wayback Machine
1219:Wayback Machine
1208:Wayback Machine
1197:Wayback Machine
1186:Wayback Machine
1175:Wayback Machine
1165:
1161:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1103:
1093:
1091:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1022:
984:
931:
845:Paris Agreement
826:
806:energy security
799:
681:
484:
470:
465:
453:
210:
160:. According to
115:
66:Energy in Libya
59:
53:
50:
47:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3443:
3441:
3433:
3432:
3422:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3303:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3171:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2994:
2989:
2987:Communications
2984:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2846:Municipalities
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2770:
2768:State of Libya
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2616:
2603:
2594:
2580:Canary Islands
2576:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2199:
2186:
2177:
2163:Canary Islands
2159:
2158:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1776:
1765:. 31 July 2009
1750:
1739:. 27 July 2007
1724:
1706:
1681:
1656:
1599:
1588:on 4 June 2011
1569:
1558:on 4 June 2011
1539:
1513:
1484:
1458:
1429:
1404:
1375:
1343:
1334:
1315:
1297:
1278:
1259:
1159:
1135:
1101:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1037:
1021:
1018:
983:
980:
930:
927:
921:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
889:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
825:
822:
798:
795:
789:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
754:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
680:
677:
674:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
639:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
469:
466:
464:
463:Energy sources
461:
458:
457:
451:
442:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
422:Change 2004-10
419:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
396:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
373:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
350:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
327:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
304:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
281:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
258:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
235:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
114:
111:
106:oil production
82:Libyan economy
61:
60:
41:
39:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3442:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3331:
3324:
3319:
3317:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3199:
3192:
3187:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3071:Libyan Arabic
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2919:Head of state
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2841:Libyan Desert
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2773:Libyan Crisis
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:The Holocaust
2746:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:Italian Libya
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2384:Guinea-Bissau
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1967:Guinea-Bissau
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1600:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1514:
1502:
1501:www.irena.org
1495:
1488:
1485:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1393:. 14 May 2024
1392:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1363:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1073:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1048:Energy portal
1043:
1038:
1035:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1014:TotalEnergies
1010:
1006:
1000:
998:
994:
989:
981:
979:
976:
973:
969:
964:
962:
958:
957:Gulf of Sirte
954:
950:
945:
943:
938:
936:
928:
926:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
890:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
858:
854:
848:
846:
841:
839:
835:
831:
823:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
804:
796:
794:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
755:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
694:
688:
684:
678:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
640:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
579:
573:
571:
567:
566:United States
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
483:
474:
467:
462:
456:
443:
420:
397:
374:
351:
328:
305:
282:
259:
236:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
215:
214:
206:
203:
200:
197:
195:Prim. energy
194:
191:
189:
188:
183:
180:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
112:
110:
107:
103:
99:
98:energy sector
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
57:
45:
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
3395:
3348:Saudi Arabia
3255:Saudi Arabia
3056:Demographics
3020:Oil reserves
3004:
2982:Central Bank
2944:Human rights
2882:Constitution
2851:Subdivisions
2619:Saint Helena
2590:
2494:South Africa
2484:Sierra Leone
2289:Burkina Faso
2202:Saint Helena
2173:
2077:South Africa
2067:Sierra Leone
1991:
1872:Burkina Faso
1793:. Retrieved
1788:
1779:
1767:. Retrieved
1762:
1753:
1741:. Retrieved
1727:
1718:
1709:
1699:14 September
1697:. Retrieved
1684:
1674:14 September
1672:. Retrieved
1668:
1659:
1649:14 September
1647:. Retrieved
1640:the original
1622:(1–3): 173.
1619:
1616:Desalination
1615:
1602:
1592:14 September
1590:. Retrieved
1586:the original
1581:
1572:
1562:14 September
1560:. Retrieved
1556:the original
1551:
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1526:
1516:
1504:. Retrieved
1500:
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1471:SciTechDaily
1470:
1461:
1449:. Retrieved
1445:
1420:. Retrieved
1416:
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1390:
1366:. Retrieved
1361:
1337:
1318:
1308:
1281:
1262:
1162:
1153:
1126:. Retrieved
1122:
1092:. Retrieved
1088:
1075:
1034:Libya portal
1001:
993:power plants
985:
977:
965:
961:desalination
946:
939:
932:
924:
852:
842:
827:
800:
792:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
692:
685:
682:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
577:
559:
492:
485:
448:
204:Electricity
170:
151:
145:(2.9%), and
143:Saudi Arabia
116:
65:
64:
51:
43:
26:
2977:Agriculture
2546:recognition
2499:South Sudan
2389:Ivory Coast
2129:recognition
2082:South Sudan
1972:Ivory Coast
1123:www.eia.gov
1089:www.eia.gov
1005:solar power
982:Electricity
679:Natural gas
564:(10%), the
198:Production
158:natural gas
3076:Literature
2999:(currency)
2836:Ecoregions
2601:(Portugal)
2559:Somaliland
2479:Seychelles
2444:Mozambique
2429:Mauritania
2414:Madagascar
2369:The Gambia
2304:Cape Verde
2184:(Portugal)
2142:Somaliland
2062:Seychelles
2027:Mozambique
2012:Mauritania
1997:Madagascar
1952:The Gambia
1887:Cape Verde
1362:www.bp.com
1067:References
1009:mini-grids
997:oil fields
834:energy mix
824:Renewables
568:(5%), and
535:Nippon Oil
527:ExxonMobil
507:Repsol YPF
480:See also:
450:2012R = CO
211:-emission
173:renewables
70:production
3360:Venezuela
3265:Venezuela
3061:Education
3030:Transport
2992:Companies
2887:Elections
2831:Districts
2804:Geography
2434:Mauritius
2017:Mauritius
1288:page 23
937:in 1963.
531:Pertamina
519:Petrobras
177:Bioenergy
154:crude oil
141:(16.4%),
137:(13.4%),
102:civil war
54:June 2012
3424:Category
3151:Category
3109:Olympics
3104:Football
3096:Religion
2939:Military
2870:Politics
2856:Wildlife
2625: /
2621: /
2614:(France)
2608: /
2586: /
2582: /
2534:Zimbabwe
2509:Tanzania
2359:Ethiopia
2354:Eswatini
2334:Djibouti
2299:Cameroon
2284:Botswana
2208: /
2204: /
2197:(France)
2191: /
2169: /
2165: /
2117:Zimbabwe
2092:Tanzania
1942:Ethiopia
1937:Eswatini
1917:Djibouti
1882:Cameroon
1867:Botswana
1795:23 April
1769:23 April
1743:4 August
1719:BBC News
1327:Archived
1290:Archived
1270:Archived
1248:Archived
1237:Archived
1226:Archived
1215:Archived
1204:Archived
1193:Archived
1182:Archived
1171:Archived
1128:13 April
1020:See also
966:In 2006
951:for two
803:European
218:Million
113:Overview
3408:Ecuador
3372:Algeria
3354:Nigeria
3245:Nigeria
3210:Algeria
3135:Outline
3100:Sports
3044:Culture
3025:Tourism
2965:Economy
2826:Climate
2816:Borders
2758:Kingdom
2716:Ottoman
2691:Ancient
2683:History
2610:RĂ©union
2606:Mayotte
2597:Madeira
2592:(Spain)
2588:Melilla
2519:Tunisia
2489:Somalia
2474:Senegal
2459:Nigeria
2449:Namibia
2439:Morocco
2404:Liberia
2399:Lesotho
2349:Eritrea
2319:Comoros
2294:Burundi
2269:Algeria
2193:RĂ©union
2189:Mayotte
2180:Madeira
2175:(Spain)
2171:Melilla
2102:Tunisia
2072:Somalia
2057:Senegal
2042:Nigeria
2032:Namibia
2022:Morocco
1987:Liberia
1982:Lesotho
1932:Eritrea
1902:Comoros
1877:Burundi
1852:Algeria
1624:Bibcode
1532:10 June
1477:11 June
1451:10 June
1422:10 June
929:Nuclear
523:Gazprom
511:Spanish
497:is the
201:Export
192:Capita
44:updated
3402:Angola
3384:Kuwait
3235:Kuwait
3200:(OPEC)
3156:Portal
3066:Health
3005:Energy
2997:Dinar
2821:Cities
2676:
2629:
2612:
2599:
2529:Zambia
2524:Uganda
2464:Rwanda
2419:Malawi
2379:Guinea
2274:Angola
2212:
2195:
2182:
2112:Zambia
2107:Uganda
2047:Rwanda
2002:Malawi
1962:Guinea
1857:Angola
1506:16 May
1397:15 May
1368:15 May
1094:15 May
972:France
942:Tajura
818:Sicily
672:1,269
666:1,228
663:1,165
648:1,048
645:1,539
572:(3%).
570:Brazil
553:, and
440:18.6%
417:43.23
394:44.20
371:34.89
348:51.61
325:50.05
302:44,85
279:43,13
256:43,51
149:(3%).
90:Africa
74:energy
3396:Libya
3390:Qatar
3356:1,293
3350:1,879
3344:2,350
3240:Libya
3220:Gabon
3142:Index
3116:Women
3086:Music
3081:Media
2696:Roman
2674:Libya
2584:Ceuta
2504:Sudan
2454:Niger
2409:Libya
2394:Kenya
2374:Ghana
2364:Gabon
2339:Egypt
2279:Benin
2167:Ceuta
2087:Sudan
2037:Niger
1992:Libya
1977:Kenya
1957:Ghana
1947:Gabon
1922:Egypt
1862:Benin
1695:. NTI
1693:(PDF)
1643:(PDF)
1612:(PDF)
1497:(PDF)
1358:(PDF)
1150:(PDF)
1085:(PDF)
968:Libya
887:2023
884:2022
881:2021
878:2020
875:2019
872:2018
869:2017
866:2016
863:2015
860:2014
810:Italy
787:12.4
784:12.1
781:13.5
778:13.2
775:13.6
772:14.8
769:14.7
766:11.8
763:12.2
760:11.6
562:China
551:JAPEX
437:87.7%
425:10.8%
414:24.58
391:29.58
385:1,009
376:2012R
368:23.96
345:27.14
339:1,030
322:26.12
316:1,013
299:24,61
293:1,206
276:23,88
270:1,181
253:14,46
147:Italy
139:Sudan
135:Yemen
131:Egypt
3378:Iraq
3342:Iran
3230:Iraq
3225:Iran
2949:LGBT
2778:2011
2514:Togo
2424:Mali
2314:Chad
2097:Togo
2007:Mali
1897:Chad
1797:2013
1771:2013
1745:2007
1701:2013
1676:2013
1651:2013
1594:2013
1582:PRIS
1564:2013
1552:PRIS
1534:2020
1508:2024
1479:2020
1453:2020
1424:2020
1399:2024
1370:2024
1245:2006
1234:2009
1223:2010
1212:2011
1201:2012
1190:2013
1168:2015
1130:2024
1096:2024
970:and
953:VVER
935:IAEA
757:7.5
751:2021
746:2020
741:2019
736:2018
731:2017
726:2016
721:2015
716:2014
711:2013
706:2012
701:2011
669:425
660:929
657:412
654:437
651:518
642:516
636:2021
631:2020
626:2019
621:2018
616:2017
611:2016
606:2015
601:2014
596:2013
591:2012
586:2011
515:BASF
509:, a
493:The
488:OPEC
434:2.9%
431:3.7%
428:5.3%
402:6.20
399:2013
379:6.16
356:6.42
353:2012
333:6.36
330:2010
310:6.42
307:2009
287:6.28
284:2008
264:6.16
261:2007
241:5.74
238:2004
230:TWh
227:TWh
224:TWh
221:TWh
156:and
86:OPEC
3410:120
3404:128
3398:212
3392:281
3386:306
3380:395
3374:431
3368:680
3362:745
1737:BBC
1632:doi
1620:135
1417:IEA
1255:IEA
1199:,
693:bcm
578:kbd
503:Eni
468:Oil
411:515
408:718
405:198
388:803
382:199
365:203
362:360
359:155
342:803
336:223
319:772
313:237
296:991
290:212
273:971
267:207
250:780
247:993
244:212
233:Mt
3426::
1787:.
1761:.
1735:.
1717:.
1667:.
1630:.
1618:.
1614:.
1580:.
1550:.
1525:.
1499:.
1469:.
1444:.
1432:^
1415:.
1389:.
1378:^
1360:.
1346:^
1300:^
1243:,
1232:,
1221:,
1210:,
1177:,
1152:.
1138:^
1121:.
1104:^
1087:.
919:8
916:6
913:6
910:5
907:5
904:5
901:5
898:5
895:5
892:5
855:)
853:MW
847:.
840:.
820:.
695:)
580:)
557:.
549:,
545:,
543:BP
541:,
537:,
533:,
529:,
525:,
521:,
517:,
207:CO
3322:e
3315:t
3308:v
3190:e
3183:t
3176:v
2666:e
2659:t
2652:v
2249:e
2242:t
2235:v
1830:e
1823:t
1816:v
1799:.
1773:.
1747:.
1703:.
1678:.
1653:.
1634::
1626::
1596:.
1566:.
1536:.
1510:.
1481:.
1455:.
1426:.
1401:.
1372:.
1132:.
1098:.
452:2
209:2
56:)
52:(
46:.
20:)
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