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Naʼvi grammar

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Since Naʼvi does not make the distinction between long and short vowels, if the application of an affix results in two of the same vowels in a row, it usually is shortened to one. There is also some nasal assimilation of place. Specific affixes listed hereafter will list there variants. Many prefixes
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When an infix is added to a Naʼvi syllable, the infix goes after the initial consonant but before the vowel. There are three positions where an infix is added: the pre-first preposition, which goes immediately before the first position, the first position, which goes in the penultimate syllable, and
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Naʼvi pronouns have the same declension as any other noun. The pronouns are declined for four persons: 1st person inclusive, 1st person exclusive, 2nd person, and 3rd person animate. Most of the plural forms of the various pronouns are made from the addition of the number prefixes to the singular.
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is used to form question words when attached to a noun, which means which. It can go before or after the noun, and it causes lenition if placed before the noun. If it is a prefix, and the noun is plural, they will combine and become
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The powers of eight are combined with special prefixes to create multiples of powers of eight. These are the first syllable of the corresponding number, except for 1, which has none, and 2, which has
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Naʼvi has a few modal verbs, which when used, they must take the tense affixes and the modified verb must take the general subjunctive. The subject of the modal verb takes the intransitive case.
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Adpositions may go before or after the noun they modify. If it is before, then it is a separate word, but if after, it is an enclitic attached to the noun. For example, "with you" may either be
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the second position, which goes in the final syllable. If the verb is monosyllabic, all three positions go after each other. If the verb is a compound, the infixes only go in the head
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noun is the ergative or accusative of the phrase it modifies, it is not present in the relative clause. If the head of the relative clause uses any other case or adposition, a
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prefix causes a word to undergo lenition, the prefix may be dropped and the modified stem is also considered the general plural, and is known as the short plural.
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Naʼvi verbs primarily use affixes to modify their meaning. They do not conjugate for person, but for tense. Each affix has a specific location.
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and future tenses, and that mark for the general, imperfective, and perfective aspects The first type are the regular ones
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Naʼvi does not have grammatical gender, but it has two suffixes that indicate the gender of a noun: the feminine suffix
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is used to indicate that the speaker is uncertain of the accuracy of his or her statement. There is also the
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There are four infixes in this category, two indicating affect, two indicating speaker judgement. The infix
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affix. Adjectives can go before or after the noun that they modify. If the adjective is before the noun
735: 701:. When a causative verb is used, the ergative becomes the dative, and the accusative remains as it is. 1801: 4534: 4067: 3993: 3912: 3621: 3606: 3296: 3180: 2911: 2877: 2752: 2541: 2458: 2227: 1258:, which can go at the beginning or end of a clause (it has no e if it occurs at the end of a clause. 1247: 4687: 4682: 4289: 4131: 4003: 3579: 2931: 2894: 2662: 2584: 2325: 2094: 1463:(which is often omitted) and takes the relevant case. A counter-factual conditional uses the words 452: 34: 4478: 4421: 4264: 4169: 3935: 3862: 3822: 3807: 3789: 3751: 3601: 3551: 3479: 3281: 3200: 3190: 3030: 3016: 2757: 2737: 2682: 2560: 2465: 2451: 2284: 2192: 2176: 1432: 1428: 25: 4345: 4677: 4641: 4593: 4368: 4340: 4322: 4302: 4159: 4042: 3988: 3877: 3867: 3812: 3711: 3659: 3611: 3596: 3559: 3137: 3050: 3022: 2986: 2949: 2882: 2762: 2555: 2472: 2395: 2296: 456: 20: 3444: 4501: 4439: 4383: 4378: 4330: 4234: 4229: 4154: 4077: 4057: 4032: 4024: 3965: 3940: 3930: 3925: 3842: 3799: 3776: 3766: 3756: 3698: 3636: 3236: 3195: 3185: 3075: 3055: 2976: 2964: 2850: 2767: 2594: 2368: 2308: 1706:
Frommer (Language Log), Phonetics and Phonology: 5. Phonetic detail and phonology: Lenition
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indicates that the subject (ergative) is able to perform the verb. It is negated with
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Frommer (Language Log), Word Classes and Morphology: 1. Nouns: Number: Short plurals
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There are four types of tense infixes, which mark for the past, near past, general,
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is a phonological change that is the result of the application of certain prefixes:
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on nouns ending with consonants. The object of a transitive verb takes the
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is deleted (except for 1), and the initial consonant undergoes lenition.
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Naʼvi has a singular, dual, trial and plural number. The dual prefix is
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makes the noun refer to the state of the noun to which it is attached.
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Conventional notation uses + to denote a prefix that causes lenition.
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Ordinals of the aforementioned numbers can be formed with the suffix
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indicates that the speaker is unhappy about the verb. The variant
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which means a type, sort or class of the noun it is attached to.
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which means that the subject of an intransitive verb takes the
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affix is usually dropped. When it is used is after the prefix
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for the consequent, and uses the subjunctive in both clauses
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Nouns can be turned into adjective modifiers with the prefix
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indicate that the speaker is happy about the verb. The infix
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Grammar of the fictional Naʼvi language from the movie Avatar
2095:"Zun . . . Zel: Counterfactual Conditionalss | Naviteri.org" 1038:
becomes a suffix, and if the adjective is after the noun,
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indicates distal dexis. When used as a plural, it becomes
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La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea
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creates a noun indicating the ability to do the verb.
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Horen Lìʼfyayä leNaʼvi: A Reference Grammar of Naʼvi
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The subject of a transitive verb takes the 440:teacher {} {male teacher} {} {female teacher} 368: 8: 278:marks the noun as indefinite (i.e. "some"). 1861:"Spring Vocabulary, Part 2 | Naʼviteri.org" 3547: 3467: 3453: 3445: 2618: 2533: 2519: 2511: 2167: 2153: 2145: 2117: 2115: 1824: 1822: 1459:case, then the consequent goes after the 1395:, and the indefinite personal pronoun is 1104:There are two prefixes that mark ability 966:chef.INTR want food.ACC them.ERG eat.SBJV 847:There are also a few subjunctive infixes 1845: 1843: 1493: 1298: 849: 826: 740: 3350:Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues 1699: 1676: 1112:. These turn a verb into an adjective 2349:Nothing Is Lost (You Give Me Strength) 1795: 1793: 563:on nouns ending with a consonant. The 1591:, but there are a few irregularities 1387:The singular inanimate 3rd person is 1089:Naʼvi has an active participle infix 824:There are two future intent infixes. 7: 202:. When used as a plural, it becomes 1479:Naʼvi's native number system is an 1093:, and the passive participle infix 969:The chef wants them to eat the food 1618:Frommer, Paul (19 December 2009). 591:on nouns ending with a vowel, and 559:on nouns ending with a vowel, and 483:on nouns ending with a consonant. 14: 3357:In the Land of Invented Languages 1176:can also be used in the sense of 607:turns a verb into an agent noun. 479:on nouns ending with a vowel and 2495: 2494: 2021:"Number in Naʼvi | Naviteri.org" 1030:Adjectives are created with the 651:, in combination with the infix 467:on nouns ending with vowels and 2093:Frommer, Paul (30 April 2013). 1975:Frommer, Paul (22 March 2009). 1859:Frommer, Paul (31 March 2012). 1443:A conditional is use the words 19:The grammar of the constructed 4738:Grammars of artistic languages 2019:Frommer, Paul (30 July 2011). 1800:Frommer, Paul (11 July 2010). 595:on nouns ending with a vowel. 1: 3429:List of constructed languages 1168:are not required to have the 1156:The Naʼvi copula is the verb 1594:Naʼvi also has the numbers ' 1608:as loanwords from English. 1451:. The condition goes after 900:emyu new syuvet ayfol yivom 390:. These are not mandatory. 4754: 1253: 662: 369: 176:person {} people {} people 118:and the general plural is 23:was created for the movie 3486: 3434:List of language creators 3419: 2490: 1368: 1351: 1323: 1317: 1301: 1250:are formed with the word 717:, it always comes first ( 386:and the masculine suffix 262:There is also the prefix 2411:Toruk – The First Flight 1483:one. The numbers 0-7, 10 437:karyu → karyuan → karyue 4198:Central Atlas Tamazight 3406:Interlingue/Interlingua 2573:International auxiliary 2479:Edgar Rice Burroughs's 2417:Pandora – The World of 1666:, Edited by Mark Miller 1164:Adjectives linked with 959:emyu new syuvet ayfol y 713:. When it is used with 709:The reflexive infix is 697:The causative infix is 575:, or nouns ending with 312:friend {} {some friend} 3111:Middle-earth languages 1467:for the condition and 540:I.ERG you.ACC {to see} 3386:Esperanto/Interlingua 3287:Esperanto orthography 2866:Pan-Germanic language 2648:Communicationssprache 2542:Constructed languages 37:, primarily affixing 2878:Pan-Romance language 2753:Latino sine flexione 2377:Frontiers of Pandora 1230:{to be} 3SG.DAT name 655:, forms the gerund. 641:{to swim} {} swimmer 326:/endearment suffix. 173:tute → aysute → sute 3828:Old Church Slavonic 2895:Pan-Slavic language 2433:Na'vi River Journey 1828:Miller, Appendix. H 1687:in the noun section 1683:See exception with 453:tripartite language 240:fish {} {this fish} 237:payoang → fìpayoang 198:indicates proximal 4693:Lingua Franca Nova 4336:Classical Japanese 3282:Constructed script 2758:Lingua Franca Nova 2738:International Sign 2466:Aliens vs. Avatars 2452:Dances with Smurfs 2285:Pandoran biosphere 2280:Fictional universe 2205:box office records 2121:Miller, Appendix A 2062:Annis, § 3.2.2.7-9 2009:Annis, § 5.1.2.1-2 1643:Annis, William S. 1433:resumptive pronoun 1100:Ability adjectives 688:Pre-first position 357:utral → utraltsyìp 4720: 4719: 4374:Classical Chinese 4019: 4018: 3480:world's languages 3442: 3441: 3297:Tolkien's scripts 3270: 3269: 2987:Logopandecteision 2950:Dutton Speedwords 2883:Neolatino Romance 2763:Lingwa de planeta 2508: 2507: 2473:Arctesthes avatar 2459:This Ain't Avatar 2428:Flight of Passage 2396:The Art of Avatar 2080:Annis, § 6.19.1-2 2071:Annis, § 6.18.1-2 1920:Annis § 6.8.3.1-3 1884:Annis, § 3.6.1.4. 1566: 1565: 1385: 1384: 1002:is used behind i 886: 885: 876:-iyev- (or -ìyev) 845: 844: 822: 821: 457:intransitive case 4745: 4389:Mandarin Chinese 4220:Levantine Arabic 3548: 3469: 3462: 3455: 3446: 3391:Esperanto/Novial 3215:Ritual and other 3056:Elvish languages 2977:Lingua generalis 2965:Astrolinguistics 2619: 2535: 2528: 2521: 2512: 2498: 2497: 2342:The Way of Water 2213:The Way of Water 2169: 2162: 2155: 2146: 2140: 2137: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2119: 2110: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2099:www.naviteri.org 2090: 2081: 2078: 2072: 2069: 2063: 2060: 2054: 2051: 2045: 2044:Annis, § 6.4.4.3 2042: 2036: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2025:www.naviteri.org 2016: 2010: 2007: 2001: 2000:Annis, § 3.5.1.1 1998: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1981:www.naviteri.org 1972: 1966: 1965:Annis, § 3.6.3.3 1963: 1957: 1954: 1948: 1945: 1939: 1936: 1930: 1927: 1921: 1918: 1912: 1909: 1903: 1900: 1894: 1891: 1885: 1882: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1865:www.naviteri.org 1856: 1850: 1847: 1838: 1837:Annis, § 5.8.1.4 1835: 1829: 1826: 1817: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1806:www.naviteri.org 1797: 1788: 1785: 1779: 1776: 1770: 1767: 1761: 1758: 1752: 1749: 1743: 1740: 1734: 1731: 1725: 1724:Annis, § 2.1.4.3 1722: 1716: 1713: 1707: 1704: 1688: 1681: 1664:Naʼvi Dictionary 1660: 1658: 1656: 1651: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1626:. Archived from 1494: 1455:, and takes the 1419:Relative clauses 1299: 1256: 1255: 1248:Yes–no questions 1211: 1207: 1172:affix. The verb 955: 940: 929: 910: 850: 827: 741: 665: 664: 517: 503: 372: 371: 4753: 4752: 4748: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4743: 4742: 4723: 4722: 4721: 4716: 4697: 4664: 4636: 4618: 4586:Native American 4579: 4549: 4521: 4483: 4454: 4426: 4403: 4350: 4317: 4284: 4239: 4179: 4125: 4072: 4015: 3977: 3907: 3872: 3794: 3771: 3693: 3672:Scottish Gaelic 3631: 3537: 3482: 3473: 3443: 3438: 3415: 3396:Ido/Interlingua 3369: 3343:Bridge of Words 3318: 3266: 3210: 3020: 3011: 2926: 2827: 2748:Langue nouvelle 2624: 2614: 2612: 2606: 2544: 2539: 2509: 2504: 2486: 2439: 2383: 2356: 2313: 2268: 2242: 2180: 2173: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2120: 2113: 2103: 2101: 2092: 2091: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2039: 2029: 2027: 2018: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1985: 1983: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1951: 1947:Annis § 2.3.5.2 1946: 1942: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1919: 1915: 1911:Annis § 3.6.3.1 1910: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1893:Annis § 6.1.1.2 1892: 1888: 1883: 1879: 1869: 1867: 1858: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1841: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1820: 1810: 1808: 1799: 1798: 1791: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1719: 1714: 1710: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1691: 1682: 1678: 1673: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1642: 1633: 1631: 1630:on 20 June 2013 1617: 1614: 1530: 1524: 1490: 1486: 1477: 1441: 1421: 1405: 1293: 1264: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1233:s/he has a name 1221: 1213: 1196: 1188: 1185: 1154: 1118: 1102: 1087: 1028: 1023: 976: 971: 957: 942: 931: 920: 912: 901: 898: 891: 732: 727: 707: 695: 690: 681: 673: 645: 638:slele → sleleyu 636: 628: 620: 612: 601: 545: 527: 519: 505: 491: 490:oel ngati tse'a 488: 475:case, which is 449: 444: 435: 427: 419: 411: 403: 395: 380: 364: 355: 347: 339: 331: 316: 307: 299: 291: 283: 272: 260: 244: 235: 227: 219: 211: 192: 186:means "every". 180: 171: 163: 155: 147: 139: 131: 114:, the trial is 108: 103: 98: 89: 52: 47: 45:Morphophonology 17: 12: 11: 5: 4751: 4749: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4733:Na'vi language 4725: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4708: 4706: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4674: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4646: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4634: 4628: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4590: 4588: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4577: 4572: 4571: 4570: 4559: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4531: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4493: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4465: 4463: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4436: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4419: 4413: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4360: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4327: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4294: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4261: 4260: 4249: 4247: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4211: 4210: 4200: 4195: 4189: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4136: 4134: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4082: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4029: 4027: 4021: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4013: 4008: 4007: 4006: 4001: 3991: 3985: 3983: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3975: 3974: 3973: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3917: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3905: 3904: 3903: 3893: 3888: 3882: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3848:Serbo-Croatian 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3804: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3792: 3787: 3781: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3748: 3747: 3742: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3722:Istro-Romanian 3719: 3714: 3709: 3703: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3690: 3689: 3684: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3652: 3647: 3641: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3583: 3582: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3556: 3554: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3536: 3535: 3534: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3498: 3493: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3474: 3472: 3471: 3464: 3457: 3449: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3377: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3367: 3360: 3353: 3346: 3339: 3332: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3316: 3315: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3278: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3134: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3027: 3025: 3013: 3012: 3010: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2997:Real Character 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2973: 2972: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2936: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2908: 2907: 2902: 2892: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2875: 2874: 2873: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2837: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2703: 2702: 2701: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2629: 2627: 2616: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2552: 2550: 2549:Classification 2546: 2545: 2540: 2538: 2537: 2530: 2523: 2515: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2502: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2484: 2476: 2469: 2462: 2455: 2447: 2445: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2435: 2430: 2414: 2407: 2399: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2384: 2382: 2381: 2373: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2354: 2353: 2352: 2338: 2337: 2336: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2314: 2312: 2311: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2297:Naʼvi language 2294: 2293: 2292: 2287: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2269: 2267: 2266: 2261: 2259:Miles Quaritch 2256: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2243: 2241: 2240: 2232: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2209: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2181: 2174: 2172: 2171: 2164: 2157: 2149: 2142: 2141: 2132: 2130:Annis, § 4.1.* 2123: 2111: 2082: 2073: 2064: 2055: 2053:Annis, § 3.2.2 2046: 2037: 2011: 2002: 1993: 1967: 1958: 1949: 1940: 1938:Annis, § 2.3.3 1931: 1922: 1913: 1904: 1895: 1886: 1877: 1851: 1839: 1830: 1818: 1789: 1780: 1771: 1769:Annis, § 3.3.4 1762: 1753: 1751:Annis, § 3.1.3 1744: 1742:Annis, § 2.3.4 1735: 1733:Annis, § 2.3.1 1726: 1717: 1708: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1675: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1661: 1640: 1613: 1610: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1488: 1484: 1476: 1473: 1440: 1437: 1420: 1417: 1404: 1401: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1287: 1263: 1260: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1214: 1197: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1153: 1150: 1144:, they become 1117: 1114: 1101: 1098: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1070: 1069: 1044:the long river 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 975: 972: 943: 932: 921: 913: 902: 899: 896: 895: 890: 887: 884: 883: 880: 877: 874: 871: 867: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 843: 842: 839: 835: 834: 831: 820: 819: 816: 813: 810: 807: 804: 800: 799: 796: 793: 790: 787: 784: 780: 779: 776: 773: 770: 767: 764: 760: 759: 756: 753: 750: 747: 744: 731: 728: 726: 723: 706: 703: 694: 691: 689: 686: 680: 677: 672: 669: 629: 621: 613: 610: 609: 600: 597: 520: 506: 492: 489: 486: 485: 448: 445: 433:female teacher 428: 420: 412: 404: 396: 393: 392: 379: 376: 348: 340: 332: 329: 328: 309:eylan → eylano 300: 292: 284: 281: 280: 271: 268: 259: 256: 228: 220: 212: 209: 208: 191: 188: 164: 156: 148: 140: 132: 129: 128: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 88: 85: 81: 80: 77: 74: 71: 68: 65: 62: 51: 48: 46: 43: 21:Naʼvi language 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4750: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4700: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4667: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4639: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4582: 4576: 4573: 4569: 4566: 4565: 4564: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4486: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4457: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4409:Austroasiatic 4406: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4320: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4287: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4254: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4242: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4128: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4022: 4012: 4009: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3996: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3972: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3902: 3899: 3898: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3797: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3581: 3578: 3577: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3543:Indo-European 3540: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3496:Orthographies 3494: 3492: 3489: 3488: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3470: 3465: 3463: 3458: 3456: 3451: 3450: 3447: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3418: 3412: 3411:Lojban/Loglan 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3381:Esperanto/Ido 3379: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3361: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3345: 3344: 3340: 3338: 3337: 3336:A Secret Vice 3333: 3331: 3330:Esperantology 3328: 3327: 3325: 3321: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3242:Lingua ignota 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3036:Belter Creole 3034: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3018: 3014: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2945:Basic English 2943: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2897: 2896: 2893: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2830: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2813:Universalglot 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2718:Idiom Neutral 2716: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2707: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2623:International 2620: 2617: 2609: 2601: 2600:Philosophical 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2574: 2571: 2567: 2566:Language game 2564: 2562: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2536: 2531: 2529: 2524: 2522: 2517: 2516: 2513: 2501: 2493: 2492: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2477: 2475: 2474: 2470: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2421: 2420: 2415: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2406: 2405: 2400: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2350: 2346: 2345: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2282: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2230: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2170: 2165: 2163: 2158: 2156: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2139:Annis § 4.2.1 2136: 2133: 2127: 2124: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2100: 2096: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2077: 2074: 2068: 2065: 2059: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2041: 2038: 2026: 2022: 2015: 2012: 2006: 2003: 1997: 1994: 1982: 1978: 1971: 1968: 1962: 1959: 1953: 1950: 1944: 1941: 1935: 1932: 1929:Annis § 3.6.4 1926: 1923: 1917: 1914: 1908: 1905: 1902:Annis § 3.6.3 1899: 1896: 1890: 1887: 1881: 1878: 1866: 1862: 1855: 1852: 1849:Annis § 3.1.1 1846: 1844: 1840: 1834: 1831: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1807: 1803: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1787:Annis § 3.3.2 1784: 1781: 1778:Annis § 3.3.1 1775: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1757: 1754: 1748: 1745: 1739: 1736: 1730: 1727: 1721: 1718: 1712: 1709: 1703: 1700: 1694: 1686: 1680: 1677: 1670: 1665: 1662: 1648: 1647: 1641: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1615: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1526: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1482: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1290: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1249: 1242: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1220: 1217: 1212: 1203: 1202: 1195: 1192: 1187:lu poru tstxo 1181: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1115: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1099: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1084: 1079: 1075: 1074: 1073: 1067: 1063: 1062: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1025: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1003: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 973: 970: 967: 964: 962: 956: 950: 948: 941: 935: 930: 924: 919: 916: 911: 905: 894: 888: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 868: 865:Imperfective 864: 861: 858: 855: 852: 851: 848: 840: 837: 836: 832: 829: 828: 825: 817: 814: 811: 808: 805: 803:Imperfective 802: 801: 797: 794: 791: 788: 785: 782: 781: 777: 774: 771: 768: 765: 762: 761: 757: 754: 751: 748: 745: 743: 742: 739: 737: 730:Tense infixes 729: 724: 722: 720: 716: 712: 704: 702: 700: 692: 687: 685: 678: 676: 670: 668: 666: 656: 654: 650: 644: 642: 639: 635: 632: 627: 624: 619: 616: 608: 606: 598: 596: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 544: 541: 538: 536: 532: 526: 523: 518: 512: 511: 504: 498: 497: 484: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 461:ergative case 458: 454: 446: 443: 441: 438: 434: 431: 426: 423: 418: 415: 410: 407: 402: 399: 391: 389: 385: 377: 375: 373: 363: 361: 358: 354: 351: 346: 343: 338: 335: 327: 325: 322:is used as a 321: 315: 313: 310: 306: 303: 298: 295: 290: 287: 279: 277: 269: 267: 265: 257: 255: 253: 249: 243: 241: 238: 234: 231: 226: 223: 218: 215: 207: 205: 201: 197: 189: 187: 185: 179: 177: 174: 170: 167: 162: 159: 154: 151: 146: 143: 138: 135: 127: 125: 121: 117: 113: 105: 100: 95: 93: 87:Other effects 86: 84: 78: 75: 72: 69: 67:kx (/k'/) → k 66: 64:tx (/t'/) → t 63: 61:px (/p'/) → p 60: 59: 58: 56: 49: 44: 42: 40: 39:agglutinative 36: 32: 28: 27: 22: 4654: 4535:Massachusett 4489:Austronesian 4356:Sino-Tibetan 3622:West Frisian 3521:Prepositions 3500: 3362: 3355: 3348: 3341: 3334: 3292:Sitelen Pona 3163: 2699:esperantidos 2668:Esperanto II 2590:Experimental 2480: 2471: 2464: 2457: 2425: 2418: 2409: 2403: 2394: 2375: 2367: 2340: 2324: 2301: 2234: 2228:Fire and Ash 2226: 2211: 2191: 2175: 2135: 2126: 2102:. 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Retrieved 1628:the original 1624:Language Log 1623: 1605: 1602: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1588: 1586: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1567: 1487:(8), and 100 1478: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1442: 1439:Conditionals 1424: 1422: 1412: 1408: 1406: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1386: 1369:3rd animate 1294: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1267: 1265: 1251: 1246: 1232: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1215: 1204: 1200: 1198: 1193: 1190: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1155: 1145: 1141: 1140:goes before 1137: 1133: 1132:they become 1129: 1125: 1121: 1119: 1109: 1105: 1103: 1094: 1090: 1088: 1077: 1071: 1065: 1057: 1054: 1050: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1029: 1014: 1006: 1004: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 977: 974:2nd position 968: 965: 960: 958: 951: 946: 944: 936: 933: 925: 922: 917: 914: 906: 903: 892: 846: 823: 733: 725:1st position 718: 714: 710: 708: 698: 696: 682: 674: 659: 657: 652: 648: 646: 643: 640: 637: 633: 630: 625: 622: 617: 614: 604: 602: 599:Nominalizers 592: 588: 580: 579:that become 576: 572: 568: 560: 556: 552: 546: 542: 539: 534: 530: 528: 524: 521: 513: 509: 507: 499: 495: 493: 480: 476: 468: 464: 450: 442: 439: 436: 432: 429: 424: 421: 417:male teacher 416: 413: 408: 405: 400: 397: 387: 383: 381: 367: 365: 362: 360:tree {} bush 359: 356: 352: 349: 344: 341: 336: 333: 319: 317: 314: 311: 308: 304: 301: 296: 293: 288: 285: 275: 273: 263: 261: 251: 247: 245: 242: 239: 236: 232: 229: 224: 221: 216: 213: 203: 195: 193: 183: 181: 178: 175: 172: 168: 165: 160: 157: 152: 149: 144: 141: 136: 133: 123: 119: 115: 111: 109: 90: 82: 53: 31:Paul Frommer 24: 18: 4704:constructed 4688:Interlingue 4683:Interlingua 4555:Uto-Aztecan 4245:Niger–Congo 4185:Afroasiatic 3511:Determiners 3491:Phonologies 3374:Comparisons 3252:Palawa kani 3247:Medefaidrin 2922:Weltdeutsch 2912:Runyakitara 2900:Interslavic 2733:Interlingue 2728:Interlingua 2711:Interglossa 2638:Blissymbols 2388:Other media 2361:Video games 2318:Soundtracks 2290:unobtainium 1715:Miller, p.1 1572:instead of 1457:subjunctive 1403:Adpositions 1352:2nd person 1318:1st person 1279:(trial) or 1262:Pe question 1085:Participles 889:Modal verbs 830:Near Future 783:Perfective 755:Near future 736:near future 658:The suffix 647:The prefix 603:The suffix 463:, which is 451:Naʼvi is a 366:The suffix 318:The suffix 305:some friend 274:The suffix 246:The prefix 194:The prefix 182:The prefix 79:' (/ʔ/) → ∅ 73:t or ts → s 4727:Categories 4461:East Asian 4422:Vietnamese 4208:Historical 4170:Mingrelian 3936:Hindustani 3913:Indo-Aryan 3863:Slovincian 3823:Macedonian 3808:Belarusian 3790:Lithuanian 3752:Portuguese 3682:colloquial 3506:Adjectives 3401:Ido/Novial 3222:Balaibalan 2932:Engineered 2788:Pasilingua 2678:Mundolinco 2585:Engineered 2254:Jake Sully 2247:Characters 1695:References 1338:inclusive 1321:exclusive 1283:(plural). 1266:The affix 1116:From nouns 1026:Adjectives 1005:The infix 862:Perfective 473:accusative 350:utraltsyìp 324:diminutive 41:language. 35:tripartite 33:. It is a 4678:Esperanto 4670:auxiliary 4568:Classical 4479:Mongolian 4369:Cantonese 4303:Malayalam 4290:Dravidian 4160:Kabardian 4068:Meänkieli 4043:Hungarian 3868:Ukrainian 3813:Bulgarian 3712:Dalmatian 3612:Ripuarian 3607:Old Norse 3602:Norwegian 3597:Icelandic 3560:Afrikaans 3275:Neography 3201:Verdurian 3171:Syldavian 3166:languages 3164:Star Wars 3158:Spocanian 3041:Brithenig 3031:Atlantean 3017:Fictional 3007:Toki Pona 2856:Eurolengo 2693:Universal 2653:Esperanto 2625:auxiliary 2613:languages 2611:Specific 2561:Fictional 2333:I See You 2220:accolades 2200:accolades 2104:16 August 2030:16 August 1491:(64) are 1435:is used. 1427:. If the 1238:Questions 1136:. If the 1011:honorific 749:Near past 705:Reflexive 693:Causative 679:Positions 543:I see you 233:this fish 230:fìpayoang 4642:artistic 4632:American 4594:Cherokee 4502:Hawaiian 4440:Has Hlai 4384:Kokborok 4379:Dzongkha 4341:Okinawan 4331:Japanese 4235:Ugaritic 4230:Tigrinya 4155:Georgian 4132:European 4058:Livonian 4033:Estonian 3989:Albanian 3966:Sanskrit 3941:Maithili 3931:Gujarati 3926:Bhojpuri 3843:Silesian 3767:Venetian 3757:Romanian 3736:Lombard 3687:literary 3552:Germanic 3526:Pronouns 3501:Grammars 3476:Grammars 3232:Enochian 3191:Valyrian 3181:Tsolyáni 3148:Newspeak 3126:Sindarin 3061:Enchanta 3051:Dothraki 3023:artistic 2960:Kalaba-X 2905:Iazychie 2871:Tutonish 2841:Afrihili 2798:Solresol 2793:Sambahsa 2778:Nal Bino 2688:Romániço 2683:Reformed 2663:Arcaicam 2658:Adjuvilo 2615:by group 2556:Artistic 2500:Category 2369:The Game 2273:Concepts 2236:Avatar 4 1381:ayfo/fo 1304:Singular 1291:Pronouns 1275:(dual), 1021:Suffixes 763:General 587:case is 567:case is 565:genitive 551:case is 270:Suffixes 101:Prefixes 55:Lenition 50:Lenition 4650:Klingon 4604:Miskito 4563:Nahuatl 4517:Tagalog 4507:Ilocano 4497:Cebuano 4432:Kra–Dai 4399:Tibetan 4364:Burmese 4346:Hachijō 4323:Japonic 4298:Kannada 4275:Swahili 4106:Turkmen 4101:Turkish 4048:Ingrian 4038:Finnish 4011:Hittite 3999:Ancient 3961:Punjabi 3946:Marathi 3921:Bengali 3896:Persian 3886:Kurdish 3878:Iranian 3858:Slovene 3838:Russian 3785:Latvian 3762:Spanish 3745:Western 3740:Eastern 3727:Italian 3707:Catalan 3650:Cornish 3627:Yiddish 3617:Swedish 3587:Faroese 3575:English 3478:of the 3312:Tengwar 3257:Yerkish 3237:Eskayan 3196:Venedic 3186:Utopian 3176:Teonaht 3153:Simlish 3131:more... 3116:Adûnaic 3101:Lydnevi 3081:Kobaïan 3076:Klingon 2955:Ithkuil 2888:Romanid 2851:Efatese 2846:Budinos 2823:Volapük 2768:Mondial 2595:Musical 2481:Barsoom 2444:Related 2302:grammar 2264:Neytiri 2216:(2022) 2196:(2009) 1986:11 July 1956:Annis § 1870:12 July 1811:12 July 1655:June 2, 1634:11 July 1612:Sources 1475:Numbers 1347:ayoeng 1313:Plural 1254:srak(e) 1076:kilvan 856:General 833:Future 758:Future 752:General 719:-äpeyk- 634:swimmer 631:sleleyu 618:to swim 585:topical 414:karyuan 401:teacher 214:payoang 4712:Lojban 4702:Other 4660:Quenya 4609:Navajo 4584:Other 4545:Ojibwe 4540:Munsee 4474:Korean 4469:Evenki 4459:Other 4313:Telugu 4265:Herero 4225:Somali 4215:Kabyle 4203:Hebrew 4193:Arabic 4150:Basque 4145:Adyghe 4140:Abkhaz 4130:Other 4111:Uyghur 4091:Kyrgyz 4086:Kazakh 4078:Turkic 4063:Udmurt 4025:Uralic 3951:Nepali 3891:Pashto 3853:Slovak 3833:Polish 3800:Slavic 3777:Baltic 3717:French 3699:Italic 3645:Breton 3637:Celtic 3592:German 3565:Danish 3424:Portal 3307:Sarati 3143:Nadsat 3121:Quenya 3096:Loxian 3091:Lapine 3086:Láadan 3071:Kiliki 3046:Dritok 3021:other 2992:Lojban 2982:Loglan 2970:Lincos 2783:Novial 2743:Kotava 2697:other 2426:Avatar 2419:Avatar 2404:Avatar 2380:(2023) 2372:(2009) 2326:Avatar 2309:Themes 2239:(2029) 2231:(2025) 2193:Avatar 2177:Avatar 1461:tsakrr 1449:tsakrr 1409:hu nga 1364:aynga 1361:pxenga 1344:pxoeng 1243:Yes–no 1178:having 1152:Copula 1068:kilvan 1048:kilvan 1013:infix 923:syuvet 882:-irv- 859:Future 841:-asy- 818:-ary- 798:-aly- 626:  583:. The 549:dative 525:to see 430:karyue 425:  409:  378:Gender 370:-fkeyk 345:  320:-tsyìp 302:eylano 297:  289:friend 225:  200:deixis 190:Deixis 169:people 161:  153:people 150:aysute 145:  137:person 106:Plural 26:Avatar 4655:Naʼvi 4614:Otomi 4599:Inuit 4575:Nawat 4527:Algic 4512:Malay 4417:Khmer 4308:Tamil 4270:Sotho 4258:Pular 4175:Ubykh 4121:Yakut 4116:Uzbek 4096:Tatar 4004:Koine 3994:Greek 3982:Other 3971:Vedic 3901:Tajik 3818:Czech 3732:Latin 3677:Welsh 3655:Irish 3570:Dutch 3531:Verbs 3516:Nouns 3323:Study 3302:Cirth 3227:Damin 3206:Wenja 3138:Naʼvi 3106:Mänti 3066:Kēlen 2861:Guosa 2833:Zonal 2818:Uropi 2808:Unish 2723:Intal 2706:Glosa 2643:Bolak 2578:Zonal 2402:Lego 2185:Films 1671:Notes 1650:(PDF) 1599:eight 1553:pukap 1547:tsìng 1481:octal 1413:ngahu 1389:tsa'u 1378:pxefo 1358:menga 1333:ayoe 1310:Trial 1227:tstxo 1223:lu po 1216:tstxo 1194:to be 1106:tsuk- 1095:-awn- 1051:river 1007:-ats- 1000:-äng- 996:-eng- 988:-eiy- 984:-äng- 937:them. 934:ayfol 926:food. 907:chef. 879:-ilv- 870:-imv- 838:-ìsy- 815:-ìry- 809:-ìrm- 806:-arm- 795:-ìly- 789:-ìlm- 786:-alm- 778:-ay- 715:-eyk- 699:-eyk- 671:Verbs 615:slele 537:tse'a 522:tse'a 447:Cases 398:karyu 334:utral 286:eylan 258:Other 252:tsay+ 96:Nouns 76:k → h 70:p → f 4624:sign 4450:Thai 4394:Mizo 4280:Zulu 4253:Fula 4053:Komi 3956:Odia 3667:Manx 3262:Zaum 2917:Wede 2803:Sona 2633:Babm 2106:2013 2032:2013 1988:2013 1872:2013 1813:2013 1685:-ey- 1657:2013 1636:2013 1606:nine 1603:nayn 1601:and 1562:zam 1556:kinä 1544:pxey 1541:mune 1447:and 1429:head 1375:mefo 1341:oeng 1330:pxoe 1307:Dual 1281:pay+ 1277:pep+ 1273:pem+ 1268:-pe+ 1219:name 1146:kel- 1134:kel- 1091:-us- 1080:ngim 1072:and 1064:ngim 1058:long 1055:ngim 1015:-uy- 992:-ei- 980:-ei- 954:SBJV 952:eat. 918:want 909:INTR 904:emyu 873:-iv- 853:Past 812:-er- 792:-ol- 775:-ìy- 769:-ìm- 766:-am- 746:Past 711:-äp- 663:tswo 653:-us- 593:-ìri 547:The 514:you. 353:bush 337:tree 264:fne- 248:tsa- 217:fish 204:fay+ 184:fra- 166:sute 134:tute 116:pxe+ 4445:Lao 4165:Laz 3660:Old 3580:Old 3019:and 2940:aUI 2773:Neo 2673:Ido 1596:eyt 1589:-ve 1582:vol 1580:of 1574:mu- 1570:me- 1559:vol 1550:mrr 1538:'aw 1535:kew 1527:100 1469:zel 1465:zun 1453:txo 1445:txo 1411:or 1397:fko 1393:sno 1355:nga 1327:moe 1210:DAT 1206:3SG 1184:ex: 1170:-a- 1142:le- 1138:ke- 1130:ke- 1122:le- 1110:ke- 1032:-a- 998:of 990:of 939:ERG 928:ACC 915:new 897:ex: 772:-∅- 611:ex: 605:-yu 589:-ri 581:-iä 577:-ia 569:-yä 561:-ìr 557:-ru 555:or 533:nga 516:ACC 508:nga 502:ERG 487:ex: 481:-ìt 469:-ìl 394:ex: 388:-an 330:ex: 282:ex: 210:ex: 196:fì- 130:ex: 124:ay+ 120:ay+ 112:me+ 29:by 4729:: 3002:Ro 2114:^ 2097:. 2085:^ 2023:. 1979:. 1863:. 1842:^ 1821:^ 1804:. 1792:^ 1622:. 1521:10 1399:. 1372:po 1324:oe 1225:ru 1201:ru 1199:po 1191:lu 1174:lu 1166:lu 1162:lu 1158:lu 1148:. 1126:a- 1060:) 1053:, 1040:a- 1036:-a 1017:. 963:om 961:iv 949:om 947:iv 721:) 649:tì 573:-ä 553:-r 535:ti 529:oe 510:ti 500:I. 494:oe 477:-t 465:-l 384:-e 276:-o 254:. 206:. 3468:e 3461:t 3454:v 2534:e 2527:t 2520:v 2454:" 2450:" 2351:" 2347:" 2335:" 2331:" 2168:e 2161:t 2154:v 2108:. 2034:. 1990:. 1874:. 1815:. 1659:. 1638:. 1578:l 1529:8 1523:8 1518:7 1515:6 1512:5 1509:4 1506:3 1503:2 1500:1 1497:0 1489:8 1485:8 1425:a 1208:. 1078:a 1066:a 1046:( 945:y 660:- 623:→ 531:l 496:l 422:→ 406:→ 342:→ 294:→ 222:→ 158:→ 142:→

Index

Naʼvi language
Avatar
Paul Frommer
tripartite
agglutinative
Lenition
deixis
diminutive
tripartite language
intransitive case
ergative case
accusative
dative
genitive
topical
near future
honorific
Yes–no questions
head
resumptive pronoun
subjunctive
octal
"Language Log » Some highlights of Naʼvi"
the original
Horen Lìʼfyayä leNaʼvi: A Reference Grammar of Naʼvi


"Diminutives; Conversational Expressions | Naviteri.org"

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