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abnormal speech characteristics: hypernasal resonance, excessive nasal airflow including nasal air escape and nasal turbulence (also called nasal rustle), and absence of or weak intra-oral air pressure for oral pressure
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No absolute contraindications exist for nasoendoscopy; and, while the procedure is relatively safe, the exact risk of the procedure depends on the skill and experience of the endoscope operator.
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Tabaee A., Hsu A. K., Kacker A. (2011.) "Indications, technique, safety, and accuracy of office-based nasal endoscopy with biopsy for sinonasal neoplasm",
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Makarawo T. P., Howe D., Chan S. K. (2011.) "Is routine nasoendoscopy warranted in epistaxis patients after removal of nasal packing?",
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Pegoraro-Krook M. I., Dutka-Souza J. C., Marino V. C. (2008.) "Nasoendoscopy of velopharynx before and during diagnostic therapy",
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85:, routine nasoendoscopy is not necessarily indicated. However, widely accepted indications for nasoendoscopy include:
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64:. It can provide information to evaluate speech and velopharyngeal function or dysfunction, as in diseases such as
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patient is being considered for pharyngoplasty, maxillary advancement or speech prosthesis.
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difficulty maintaining intra-oral air pressure and velopharyngeal closure during speech;
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patient has known or suspected abnormality of palate or velopharynx; and,
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limited progress with speech therapy to establish oral pressure sounds;
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Anatomy & Physiology for Speech, Language, and
Hearing
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Nasoendoscopy
Procedure - White Memorial Medical Center
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140:Seikel J. A., King D. W., Drumright D. G. (2010.)
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60:camera on a flexible tube passed through the
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107:Contraindications, complications, and safety
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81:After removal of nasal packing following
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36:In speech pathology and medicine,
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522:Speech and language pathology
146:, Cengage Learning, p. 290.
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199:- Macmillan Cancer Support
482:Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
477:
315:Genioglossus advancement
181:Int Forum Allergy Rhinol
413:Pharyngeal flap surgery
371:Template:Periodontology
345:Template:Endodontology
16:Endoscopic examination
66:sinonasal carcinomas
44:examination of the
310:Lingual frenectomy
512:Medical diagnosis
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469:Uvulopalatoplasty
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272:Labial frenectomy
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30:exam of the nose
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191:External links
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157:Allergy Rhinol
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129:J App Oral Sci
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22:Nasoendoscopy
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408:Palatoplasty
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287:Cheiloplasty
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197:Nasendoscopy
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159:, 2(1):12-5.
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320:Glossectomy
90:consonants;
77:Indications
58:fiber optic
46:velopharynx
501:Categories
386:Oropharynx
234:Procedures
115:References
54:CCD camera
48:, or the
42:endoscopic
507:Endoscopy
464:Uvulotomy
83:epistaxis
72:Procedure
277:Lip lift
358:gingiva
242:pharynx
62:nostril
40:is the
27:Purpose
425:tonsil
397:palate
299:tongue
453:uvula
332:teeth
250:Mouth
238:mouth
56:or a
517:Nose
368:see
342:see
240:and
50:nose
261:lip
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68:.
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226:e
219:t
212:v
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