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634:) in Indigenous cultures can be somewhat different than in mainstream Western philosophy. Native American epistemology is also found in ceremonies, community traditions and observation of nature and natural symbolism, in addition to more common academic approaches. Emphasis on Indigenous language and culture is a vital component of Native American epistemology, with language seen as essential to understanding psychology and different states of consciousness.
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840:. According to James Maffie, Nahua metaphysics posited that teotl is "a single, vital, dynamic, vivifying, eternally self-generating and self-conceiving as well as self-regenerating and self-reconceiving sacred energy or force". This force was seen as the all-encompassing life force of the universe and as the universe itself.
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Coyote is wandering around in his usual way when he comes upon a prairie dog town. The prairie dogs laugh and curse at him. Coyote gets angry and wants revenge. The sun is high in the sky. Coyote decides that he wants clouds to come. He is starting to hate the prairie dogs and so thinks about rain.
721:
In North
America, Indigenous groups North of Mesoamerica often lack pre-colonial written histories. However, some oral traditions survived colonization. A common symbol for these groups were the six directions. Many considered the directions east, west, north, south, up, and down to be sacred to
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Eventually, the entire land is flooded. Coyote's mistake is not letting what is right guide his actions, but instead acting entirely on his own motivations. This is a reminder that one must be careful about what one desires, and must keep in mind the things around us and how we relate to them.
733:, translating roughly to "the Hopi path of life". It entails behaving with a peaceful disposition, cooperation, humility, and respect. Hopi philosophy teaches that life is a journey, to be lived in harmony with the natural world. Thus, the Hopi believe that following
896:. They are expressed as various polarities or dualities (such as male–female, dark–light, life and death, above and below) which interdependently contribute to the harmonious whole that is the universe through the process of reciprocity and mutual exchange called
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are very reluctant to share their traditional philosophical and spiritual worldviews with outsiders. This can be attributed to several factors, among them abuse of trust by early anthropologists and colonial
Spanish intolerance for traditional Puebloan religions.
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is an
Indigenous American person who practices philosophy and draws upon the history, culture, language, and traditions of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Many different traditions of philosophy exist in the Americas, and have from Precolumbian times.
616:('spiritual power'). According to Whiteley (1998), for the Native Americans, "mind is critically informed by transcendental experience (dreams, visions and so on) as well as by reason." The practices to access these transcendental experiences are termed
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people who established a large and sophisticated empire in central Mexico prior to being conquered by the
Spanish. Mesoamerican thought and philosophy is notable for its extensive usage of metaphor to explain abstract concepts.
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Hester and Cheney have written about the strong link between nature and the interpretation of knowledge within Native
American cultures. They believe that the mind interacts with the environment in a very active, conscious way.
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system as teachers of philosophy, theology, astronomy, poetry, law, music, morality and history. Young Inca nobles were educated in these disciplines at the state college of Yacha-huasi in
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will lead to positive outcomes not only in interpersonal relationships, but also in interactions with nature, for example ensuring sufficient rainfall and a good harvest.
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872:. Incan philosophy (as well as the broader category of Andean thought) held that the universe is animated by a single dynamic life force (sometimes termed
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Burkhart, Brian Yazzie (2003). "What Coyote and Thales Can Teach Us: An
Outline of American Indian Epistemology". In Waters, Anne (ed.).
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The Aztecs thought of philosophy in more or less pragmatic and practical terms. A central feature of Aztec philosophy was the concept of
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their understanding of the world. Some believe that this symbol cements a sense of place among the
Indigenous groups who share it.
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proverb "the middle good is necessary". The Nahua worldview posited the concept of an ultimate universal energy or force called
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Aztec philosophers developed theories of metaphysics, epistemology, values, and aesthetics. Aztec ethics was focused on seeking
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philosophical thought consists of a wide variety of beliefs and traditions among different
American cultures. Among some of
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Perhaps the best documented philosophical tradition of the
Precolumbian and early colonial era is that of the Aztecs, a
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Cultural
Foundations and Interventions in Latino/a Mental Health: History, Theory and within Group Differences
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and Cuauhtencoztli. These authors were also poets and some of their work has survived in the original
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The study of knowledge, belief, and the ways in which people acquire and process information (aka
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Waters, Anne (2003). "Language Matters: Nondiscrete Nonbinary Dualism". In Waters, Anne (ed.).
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Indigenous Philosophy and World Politics: Cosmopolitical Contributions from across the Americas
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Parry, M.L.; Canziani, O.F.; Palutikof, J.P.; van der Linden, P.J.; Hanson, C.E. (2007).
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Barnhardt, R. (2005). "Indigenous knowledge systems and Alaska Native ways of knowing".
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Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Nahuatl Mind – Miguel León Portilla
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term for the animating force of the cosmos and an ever-acting and dynamic mover.
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An Illustrated Dictionary of the Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya
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Yanantin and Masintin in the Andean World: Complementary Dualism in Modern Peru
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1020:"Communities as both Ecological and Social entities in Native American thought"
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by V. F. Cordova, Kathleen Dean Moore, Kurt Peters, Ted Jojola, Amber Lacy".
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Coyote says, "I wish there were rain at my feet." And that is what happened.
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and fragmentary texts. Some of these philosophers are known by name, such as
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Climate Change 2007: Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
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941:"I want the rain up to my waist," he then says. And that is what happened.
938:"I want the rain up to my knees," Coyote says. And that is what happened.
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1463:. By Nuccetelli, Susana; Schutte, Ofelia; Bueno, Otávio. Wiley Blackwell.
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688: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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communities, there is a belief in a metaphysical principle called the '
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Coyote says, "I wish it would rain on me." And that is what happened.
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789:('those who know something') and its ideas are preserved in various
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Teachings from the American Earth: Indian Religion and Philosophy
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1308:"Why Care about Nezahualcoyotl? Veritism and Nahua Philosophy"
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was an intellectual tradition developed by individuals called
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also had an elite class of philosopher-scholars termed the
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How It Is: The Native American Philosophy of V. F. Cordova
1603:
How it is: The Native American philosophy of VF Cordova
1601:
Moore, K.D.; Peters, K.; Jojola, T.; Lacy, A. (2007).
27:
Philosophies of the first inhabitants of the Americas
1459:
Maffie, James (2013). "Pre-Columbian Philosophies".
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Adames, Hector Y.; Chavez-Dueñas, Nayeli Y. (2016).
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Academic Brian Yazzie Burkhart shares this story of
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in theological terms could also symbolize a type of
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900:. The Inca worldview also included the belief in a
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946:Burkhart terms this the principle of relatedness.
1616:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 625–666.
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1281:(PhD dissertation). Arizona State University.
1147:"Newsletter on American Indians in Philosophy"
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1632:American Indian Thought: Philosophical Essays
1552:American Indian Thought: Philosophical Essays
1520:American Indian Thought: Philosophical Essays
610:). Another widely shared concept was that of
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2425:Constitution of the United States of America
1176:"Hopi Indians - Anthropology - iResearchNet"
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1156:: American Philosophical Association. 2002
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868:, where they also learned the art of the
704:Learn how and when to remove this message
646:Anne Waters has described a "nondiscrete
1535:(1st pbk. ed.). Thames and Hudson.
1500:
1488:
1461:A Companion to Latin American Philosophy
1094:"Truth and Native American epistemology"
1621:Tedlock, D.; Tedlock, B., eds. (1992).
1573:The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy
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1582:Anthropology & Education Quarterly
1425:from the original on 12 November 2021.
1288:from the original on 18 November 2021.
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1034:Southeastern Oklahoma State University
2706:Organization of American States (OAS)
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1250:from the original on 17 December 2019
1208:. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
7:
2419:American Declaration of Independence
1397:"Accountant-Historians of the Incas"
1066:. Ottawa, Canada: 17. Archived from
978:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
686:adding citations to reliable sources
650:of being" in the context of gender.
2633:Countries and dependent territories
1554:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 97–115.
1367:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1206:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1064:National Working Group on Education
1007:from the original on 6 August 2020.
3076:Indigenous culture of the Americas
1711:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
1639:Younker, Jason (2008). "Review of
1522:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 15–26.
569:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
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1312:Philosophy of the Social Sciences
515:Social and political philosophers
2532:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
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1373:from the original on 25 May 2020
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1318:(1). Sage Publications: 71–91.
1092:Hester, L.; Cheney, J. (2001).
673:needs additional citations for
3071:Indigenous American philosophy
1227:Portilla, Miguel LeĂłn (1990).
729:, there is a concept known as
561:Indigenous American philosophy
1:
1404:Accounting Historians Journal
1395:Yeakel, John A. (Fall 1983).
2943:Philosophy (indigenous)
1625:. W.W. Norton & Company.
1569:"Native American Philosophy"
1443:. Routledge. pp. 20–21.
1306:Maffie, James (March 2002).
991:10.4324/9780415249126-N078-1
973:"Native American philosophy"
2446:Mexican War of Independence
1645:Oregon Historical Quarterly
1527:Miller, Mary Ellen (1997).
971:Whiteley, Peter M. (1998).
929:Just then a cloud appears.
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2701:North American Union (NAU)
2563:Three Mile Island accident
1630:Waters, Anne, ed. (2003).
1334:10.1177/004839310203200104
1027:Native American Symposium
1018:Pierotti, Raymond (2003).
860:who were important in the
807:Tochihuitzin coyolchiuhqui
18:Native American philosophy
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1474:Webb, Hillary S. (2012).
1416:10.2308/0148-4184.10.2.39
1113:10.1080/02691720110093333
836:can be seen as a form of
262:Middle Eastern philosophy
2377:Peopling of the Americas
1055:Battiste, Marie (2002).
740:As a rule, contemporary
626:Epistemology and Science
2976:Countries by population
2938:Music (indigenous)
2716:Transatlantic relations
2466:Canadian Confederation
1230:Use of "Tlamatini" in
1154:University of Delaware
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573:Indigenous philosopher
485:Aesthetic philosophers
2456:California Gold Rush
2407:British North America
2392:European colonization
2037:European colonization
1657:10.1353/ohq.2008.0048
66:Philosophy portal
2696:American imperialism
2451:Mexican–American War
1750:Solutrean hypothesis
1348:on 18 November 2021.
983:Taylor & Francis
682:improve this article
584:U.S. Native American
510:Philosophers of mind
2431:American Revolution
2136:Trinidad and Tobago
1575:. Oxford Handbooks.
1101:Social Epistemology
654:Regional traditions
580:Indigenous-American
520:Women in philosophy
250:Indigenous American
33:Part of a series on
2993:indigenous peoples
2756:Telecommunications
2569:Iran–Contra affair
2503:Stock market crash
2471:Mexican Revolution
2436:Louisiana Purchase
2296:In popular culture
2047:Columbian exchange
2042:Population history
1768:Mythology/Religion
1634:. Wiley-Blackwell.
1567:Arola, A. (2011).
1363:"Aztec Philosophy"
1202:"Aztec Philosophy"
642:Ontology of gender
213:Eastern philosophy
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2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2766:Transportation
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2645:Extreme points
2642:
2641:
2640:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2595:(2001–present)
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2544:Apollo program
2541:
2535:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362: articles
2358:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2235:
2233:
2232:Related topics
2229:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1829:Medicine wheel
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1735:Classification
1732:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1651:(4): 641–642.
1636:
1627:
1618:
1607:
1598:
1577:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1547:
1541:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1493:
1481:
1466:
1446:
1428:
1384:
1351:
1291:
1261:
1242:
1219:
1193:
1181:
1167:
1138:
1126:
1107:(4): 319–334.
1083:
1046:
1032:. Durant, OK:
1010:
999:
959:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
917:
914:
862:Inca education
845:
842:
795:Nezahualcoyotl
750:
747:
742:Pueblo peoples
718:
715:
712:
711:
670:
668:
661:
655:
652:
643:
640:
627:
624:
607:gitche manitou
556:
555:
553:
552:
545:
538:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
505:Metaphysicians
502:
497:
492:
487:
481:
475:
474:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
433:Metaphilosophy
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
403:
402:
397:
392:
387:
381:
375:
374:
373:
370:
369:
364:
363:
362:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
318:
317:
311:
310:
309:
308:
307:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
271:
270:
269:
259:
258:
257:
247:
246:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
210:
209:
208:
203:
198:
185:
184:
178:
177:
176:
175:
174:
173:
168:
158:
153:
148:
143:
142:
141:
136:
123:
122:
114:
108:
107:
106:
103:
102:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
54:
51:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3088:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2988:Ethnic groups
2986:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2810:
2809:Minimum wages
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2638:by population
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2593:War on terror
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2414:Turtle Island
2412:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2382:Paleo-Indians
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2360:North America
2354:
2349:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2151:South America
2148:
2142:
2141:United States
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2068:North America
2065:
2062:
2058:Modern groups
2056:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2026:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:South America
1919:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1844:Turtle Island
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:North America
1800:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1725:Paleo-Indians
1723:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1542:9780500279281
1538:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1503:, p. 16.
1502:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1277:
1276:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1249:
1245:
1243:9780806122953
1239:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1223:
1220:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:Miller (1997)
1185:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1155:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1136:, p. 97.
1135:
1134:Waters (2003)
1130:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1084:
1073:on 2023-04-17
1069:
1065:
1058:
1050:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1002:
1000:9780415250696
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
979:
974:
967:
965:
961:
954:
949:
947:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
925:
923:
915:
913:
911:
910:reincarnation
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
880:, as well as
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
844:South America
843:
841:
839:
835:
834:
829:
828:
823:
819:
818:tlamatiliztli
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:Aztec codices
788:
787:
782:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
756:
748:
746:
743:
738:
736:
735:hopivotskwani
732:
731:hopivotskwani
728:
723:
717:North America
716:
708:
705:
697:
687:
683:
677:
676:
671:This section
669:
665:
660:
659:
653:
651:
649:
641:
639:
635:
633:
625:
623:
621:
620:
615:
614:
609:
608:
603:
599:
598:
597:wakȟáŋ tȟáŋka
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
574:
570:
566:
562:
551:
546:
544:
539:
537:
532:
531:
529:
528:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
482:
478:
472:
471:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
448:Phenomenology
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
382:
378:
372:
371:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
321:
320:
319:
316:
312:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
276:
275:
272:
268:
265:
264:
263:
260:
256:
253:
252:
251:
248:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
215:
214:
211:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
192:
189:
188:
187:
186:
183:
179:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
140:
139:Ancient Greek
137:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
126:
125:
124:
121:
117:
111:
105:
104:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
67:
56:
55:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
2968:Demographics
2942:
2931:Social media
2884:Architecture
2775:Countries by
2587:9/11 attacks
2515:World War II
2498:Cristero War
2315:
2308:
2280:
2030:colonization
1834:The red road
1824:Medicine man
1819:Great Spirit
1648:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1612:
1602:
1585:
1581:
1572:
1551:
1530:
1519:
1496:
1484:
1475:
1469:
1460:
1440:
1410:(2): 39–51.
1407:
1403:
1375:. Retrieved
1366:
1346:the original
1315:
1311:
1274:
1254:December 12,
1252:. Retrieved
1233:
1229:
1222:
1210:. Retrieved
1205:
1196:
1184:
1170:
1160:December 24,
1158:. Retrieved
1141:
1129:
1104:
1100:
1086:
1075:. Retrieved
1068:the original
1063:
1049:
1038:the original
1030:
1026:
1013:
977:
944:
940:
937:
934:
931:
927:
919:
916:Coyote tales
897:
885:
881:
877:
873:
857:
853:
847:
831:
825:
817:
815:
784:
779:
770:
762:
760:
752:
739:
734:
730:
724:
720:
700:
694:October 2020
691:
680:Please help
675:verification
672:
645:
636:
632:epistemology
629:
617:
611:
606:
595:
588:Great Spirit
578:
572:
560:
559:
477:Philosophers
385:Epistemology
249:
206:South Africa
161:Contemporary
110:Philosophies
3007:Immigration
2898:Mass media
2746:Agriculture
2523:(1947–1991)
2517:(1939–1945)
2489:(1918–1920)
2487:Spanish flu
2483:(1914–1918)
2481:World War I
2441:War of 1812
2239:Ethnobotany
2096:El Salvador
1998:Visual arts
1867:Cosmovision
1853:Mesoamerica
1814:Fifth World
1775:Mythologies
1740:Archaeology
1718:Pre-history
1588:(1): 8–23.
1377:25 December
1212:24 December
902:creator God
799:Aquiauhtzin
400:Metaphysics
315:By religion
171:Continental
151:Renaissance
3065:Categories
2922:Newspapers
2912:Video game
2907:Television
2842:endangered
2792:per capita
2557:Oil crisis
2402:New France
2281:Philosophy
2086:Costa Rica
2060:by country
1891:Variations
1882:World tree
1839:Totem pole
1809:Arborglyph
1077:2018-04-26
950:References
854:amawtakuna
803:Xayacamach
725:Among the
602:Algonquian
565:philosophy
408:Aesthetics
97:Categories
39:Philosophy
2926:magazines
2894:Etiquette
2877:Sculpture
2837:Languages
2665:Mountains
2616:Geography
2549:Apollo 11
2461:Civil War
2397:New Spain
2276:Movements
2271:Languages
2219:Venezuela
2164:Argentina
2126:Nicaragua
2106:Guatemala
2101:Greenland
1788:Religions
1673:245850581
1342:144901245
1320:CiteSeerX
1121:144297754
955:Citations
906:Viracocha
838:Pantheism
786:tlamatini
775:pantheism
619:shamanism
500:Logicians
495:Ethicists
453:Political
413:Education
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228:Indonesia
182:By region
120:By period
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2872:Painting
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2521:Cold War
2310:Category
2266:Identity
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87:Glossary
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2607:(2020–)
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767:Nahuatl
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1860:Common
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922:Coyote
908:) and
613:orenda
592:Siouan
390:Ethics
359:Taoist
354:Jewish
294:German
289:French
223:Indian
156:Modern
2917:Radio
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1993:Music
1960:Andes
1908:Olmec
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1669:S2CID
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395:Logic
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233:Japan
196:Egypt
82:Lists
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2155:list
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1590:doi
1412:doi
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987:doi
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