938:
from 6 MHz to 8 MHz, and with representatives estimating a further "two, three or five months" to increase the frequency to 10 MHz. Two unspecified chips of the five in the chipset were reported to be the cause of these problems. An early 1985 article about the 32016-based
Whitechapel MG-1 workstation noted that the 32081 memory management unit was "suffering from bugs" and had been situated on its own board providing hardware fixes. In 1986, Texas Instruments announced a "fully qualified 10 MHz TI32000 32-bit microprocessor chip set" consisting of the TI32016 CPU and TI32082 memory management unit as 48-pin devices, the TI32201 timing control unit and TI32081 floating-point unit as 24-pin devices, and the TI32202 interrupt control unit as a 40-pin device, with the five-device chipset "priced at $ 289 in 100-unit quantities".
1253:
space for the useful BitBLT instruction set, which significantly improves the performance in laser printer operations, making this 60,000 transistor chip faster than the 200,000 transistor MC68020. The NS32CG160 is the CG16 with timers and DMA peripherals, while the NS32FV/FX16x chips have extra DSP functionality on top of the CG16 BitBLT core for the Fax/Answering
Machine market. They are complemented by the NS32532 based NS32GX32 later. Unlike the previous chips, there was no extra hardware. The NS32GX32 is the NS32532 without the MMU sold at an attractive price for embedded system. In the beginning, this was just a remarked chip. It is unclear if the chip was redesigned for lower-cost production.
934:
quantities for several months", with the floating point co-processor sampling "this month". Although a 1982 introduction post-dates the 68k by about two years, the 68k was not yet being widely used in the market and the 32016 generated significant interest. Unfortunately, the early versions were filled with bugs and could rarely be run at their rated speed. By 1984, after two years, the errata list still contained items specifying uncontrollable conditions that would result in the processor coming to a halt, forcing a reset.
341:
998:
1125:
1023:
1006:
1137:
1271:
1307:
1295:
1283:
1113:
1101:
1089:
1077:
1065:
77:
36:
179:
1257:
application of the NS32032 was as part of a "fault-tolerant transaction system" employing "two 32032s in parallel and comparing results on alternate memory cycles to detect soft errors". The NS32132 chip allows a pair of CPUs to be connected to the same memory system, without much change of the PCB. Prototype systems were built by
902:, and variable-length byte-aligned instruction encoding. Addressing modes can involve up to two displacements and two memory indirections per operand as well as scaled indexing, making the longest conceivable instruction 23 bytes. The actual number of instructions is much lower than that of contemporary RISC processors.
1220:, and performance was exceptional at the time. Competing solutions could render about one new page per minute, but the Swordfish demo unit would print out sixteen pages per minute, limited only by the laser-engine mechanics. On each page it would print out how much time it was idling, waiting for the engine to complete.
1252:
chips. Especially the NS32CG16 should be noted. The key difference between this and the NS32C016 is the integration of the expensive TCU (Timing
Control Unit) which generates the needed two-phase clock from a crystal, and the removal of the floating point coprocessor support, which freed up microcode
1013:
While often compared to the 68k's instruction set, this was rejected by NSC employees; one of the key marketing phrases of the time was "Elegance is
Everything", comparing the highly orthogonal Series 32000 to the "kludge". One key difference is Motorola's use of address registers and data registers,
933:
package. It may have been the first 32-bit chip to reach mass production and sale (at least according to
National's marketing). In a report in a June 1983 publication, however, it was remarked that National was "promising production quantities this summer" of 16032 parts, having been "shipping sample
937:
The original product roadmap envisaged 6 MHz and 10 MHz parts during 1983 and 12 MHz and 14 MHz parts during 1984. However, press reports in 1984 indicated difficulties in keeping to this roadmap, with it reportedly having taken five months to increase the frequency of the parts
392:
support for up to 16 MB physical memory. The NS16008 was a cut-down version with an 8-bit external data path and no virtual memory support, which had a reduced pin count and was thus somewhat easier to implement. Early announcements of the family included the NS16016 with a 16-bit data bus, and
1256:
Datasheets exist for an NS32132, apparently designed for multiprocessor systems. This is the NS32032 extended with an arbiter. The bus usage of the NS32032 is about 50 percent, owing to its very compact instruction set, or its very slow pipeline as competitors would phrase it. Indeed, one suggested
905:
Unlike some other processors, autoincrement of the base register is not provided; the only exception is a "top of stack" addressing modes that pop sources and push destinations. Uniquely, the size of the displacement is encoded in its most significant bits: 0, 10 and 11 preceded 7-, 14- and 30-bit
1832:
All address-data registers are available to all instructions. Thus, the compiler has freedom in its use of the registers and needn't do much housekeeping. The architecture also enables address-data registers to be used as accumulators, data registers, and address pointers. This represents a great
1030:
The 32032 was introduced in 1984. It is almost completely compatible with the 32016, but features a 32-bit data bus (although keeping the 24-bit address bus) for somewhat faster performance, described as "minicomputer performance" comparable with that of a VAX-11 system. There was also a 32008, a
400:
At the same time, National
Semiconductor also announced two future versions, the NS32032 and NS32132. The former was essentially a version of the NS16032 with a 32-bit external data bus, allowing it to read data at twice the rate. This was project to be released in 1984. The NS32132 was a version
286:
for arithmetic operations on data, and thus took twice as long to perform those arithmetic operations. However, the 32016 contained many bugs and often could not be run at its rated speed. These problems, and the presence of the otherwise similar 68000 which had been available since 1980, led to
1223:
The
Swordfish die is huge, and it was eventually decided to drop the project altogether, and the product never went into production. The lessons from the Swordfish were used for the CompactRISC designs. In the beginning, there were both a CompactRISC-32 and a CompactRISC-16, designed using "Z".
1152:
In 1985, National Semi introduced the NS32332, a much-improved version of the 32032. From the datasheet, the enhancements include "the addition of new dedicated addressing hardware (consisting of a high speed ALU, a barrel shifter and an address register), a very efficient increased (20 bytes)
993:
Virtual Memory, which is the most unusual feature compared to the segmented memory approach used by the competition, and has become the standard for how microprocessors are designed today. The architecture supports an instruction restart mechanism on a page fault, which is much cleaner than the
1490:
Syte
Information Technology Model 300 – NS32032-based Unix graphics workstation, several such "multiple tightly coupled microcomputers organized in a mainframe architecture" comprising the Syte Series 3000 "micro-mainframe" running the Global Environment Manager to manage multiple virtual
1208:
and arrived in about 1990. Swordfish has an integrated floating point unit, timers, DMA controllers and other peripherals not normally available in microprocessors. It has a 64-bit data bus and is internally overclocked from 25 to 50 MHz. The chief architect of the
Swordfish is
1164:
National Semi introduced the NS32532 in early 1987. Running at 20-, 25- & 30-MHz, it was a complete redesign of the internal implementation with a five-stage pipeline, an integrated Cache/MMU and improved memory performance, making it about twice as performant as the competing
1050:
and NS32202 Interrupt
Controllers. With the full set plus memory chips and peripherals, it was feasible to build a 32-bit computer system capable of supporting modern multi-tasking operating systems, something that had previously been possible only on expensive minicomputers and
926:(ALU), which controls much of the overall processing task, was only 16-bit. This meant it had to cycle 32-bit data through the ALU twice to complete an operation. In contrast, the NS32000 has a 32-bit ALU, so that 16-bit and 32-bit instructions take the same time to complete.
1232:
Versions of the older NS32000 line for low-cost products such as the NS32CG16, NS32CG160, NS32FV16, NS32FX161, NS32FX164 and the NS32AM160/1/3, all based on the NS302CG16 were introduced from 1987 and onwards. These processors had some success in the
1153:
instruction prefetch queue, a new system/memory bus interface/protocol, increased efficiency slave processor protocol and finally enhancements of microcode." There was also a new NS32382 MMU, NS32381 FPU and the (very rare) NS32310 interface to a
371:
National took DEC to court in California to ensure the legality of the design, but when DEC had the lawsuit moved to Massachusetts, DEC's home state, the lawsuit was dropped and the Series 32000 architecture was developed instead. Although the new
1224:
National never brought a chip to the market with the CompactRISC-32 core. National's Research department worked with the University of Michigan to develop the first synthesizable Verilog Model, and Verilog was used from the CR16C and onwards.
383:
The original processor family consisted of the NS16032 CPU and a NS16C032 low-power variant, both having a 16-bit data path and so requiring two machine cycles to load a single 32-bit word. Both could be used with the NS16082
1573:
We have recently renamed our 32-bit microprocessor products from the NS16000 family to Series 32000. This program was effective immediately following the signing of Texas Instruments, Inc. as our second source for the Series
941:
National changed its design methodology to make it possible to get the part into production and a design system based on the language "Z" was co-developed with the University of Tel-Aviv, close to the "NSC" design centre in
909:
General-purpose operands are specified using a 5-bit field. To this can be added an index byte (specifying the index register and 5-bit base address), and up to 2 variable-length displacements per operand.
1541:. Fully software-compatible with an NS32532 CPU with N32381 FPU, it is significantly faster when implemented on an FPGA, both operating at a higher clock rate and using fewer cycles per instruction.
1833:
improvement over machines that permit only a few registers to serve as address pointers, creating a bottleneck in address calculations, a very important function in high-level language programming.
918:
The first chip in the series was originally referred to as the 16032, but later renamed 32016 to emphasize its 32-bit internals. This contrasts it with its primary competitor in this space, 1979's
1157:
FPA. The aggregate performance boost of the NS32332 from these enhancements only made it 50 percent faster than the original NS32032, and therefore less than that of the main competitor, the
364:, or one register against a value in memory, two values in memory, or use the register as an offset against an address. This flexibility was considered the paragon of design in the era of
1181:, which was considered faster than the NS32532. For floating-point, the NS32532 used the existing NS32381 or the NS32580 interface to a Weitek FPA. The NS32532 was the basis of the
1014:
with instructions only working on either address or data registers. The Series 32000 has general-purpose registers, described as "address-data" registers in technical documentation.
2142:
294:
which was essentially a bug-fixed 32016 with an external 32-bit data bus. While it offered about 50% better speed than the 32016, it was outperformed by the 32-bit
906:
signed displacements. (Although the processors are otherwise consistently little-endian, displacements in the instruction stream are stored in big-endian order).
958:
designs. However, by the times the fruit of these efforts were being felt in the design, numerous 68k machines were already on the market, notably the
1765:
1213:, who went on to manage the architectural team designing the Pentium. The Pentium internal microarchitecture is similar to the preceding Swordfish.
380:" design philosophy. That is, every instruction could be used with any type of data. Articles of the time also referred to this as "symmetrical".
1196:
The semi-mythical NS32732 (sometimes called NS32764), envisioned as the high-performance successor to the NS32532, never came to the market.
401:
with a 29-bit internal addresses and 32-bit external, allowing it to address a complete 4 GB of memory. It was to be released in 1985.
1185:, a "public domain" hardware project, and one of the few to produce a useful machine running a real operating system (in this case,
237:
219:
160:
63:
895:
365:
1422:
Lauterbach Incircuit Emulator ICE (System Controller 32-bit, first version in 1996, max 16 MB ZIP20-RAM, Z180 to serve Ethernet)
2147:
994:
Motorola approach to dump the internal status on a page fault, which has to be read back, before the instruction is continued.
1655:
1558:
2106:
98:
348:
The NS32000 series traces its history to an effort by National Semiconductor to produce a single-chip implementation of the
1970:
373:
353:
1817:
1173:. At this stage RISC architectures were starting to make inroads, and the main competitors became the now equally dead
1323:
141:
197:
113:
1846:
1518:
377:
321:(CPU) space. Instead, the basic 32000 architecture was combined with several support systems and relaunched as the
87:
1124:
1336:- a separate expansion for the BBC Micro providing the NS32016 capabilities from the Acorn Cambridge Workstation
1455:
1333:
120:
94:
49:
1996:
1031:
32016 with a data bus cut down to 8-bits wide for low-cost applications. It is philosophically similar to the
2022:
1712:
318:
1943:
1136:
1879:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1043:
986:
385:
263:
189:
127:
923:
283:
1917:
2116:
1791:
1628:
1261:
in Sweden, but did not perform as well as the single-CPU MC68020 system designed by the same company.
340:
2111:
1872:
1047:
1893:
868:
The processors have 8 general-purpose 32-bit registers, plus a series of special-purpose registers:
109:
1682:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1270:
1210:
1039:
982:
930:
1738:
1491:
environments on each processor node, with Syte eventually failing before initial product shipments
1052:
361:
1306:
1294:
1282:
1112:
1100:
1088:
1076:
1064:
2121:
1397:
1258:
17:
887:
A typical processor status register, with a low-order user byte and a high-order system byte.
2076:
1497:
2087:
1592:
1351:
1205:
974:
966:
955:
899:
325:
1032:
959:
919:
812:
389:
303:
295:
279:
259:
282:
had 32-bit registers and instructions to perform 32-bit arithmetic, but used a 16-bit
2136:
1478:
Siemens MX500-75/-85 – NS32532 (2-8x CPUs; Sequent Boards / MX500-90 uses 2-12x i486)
1234:
1217:
990:
834:
306:
by almost two times, but by this time most interest in microprocessors had turned to
134:
997:
1363:
1357:
1345:
1022:
1005:
201:
55:
1587:
1472:
978:
970:
329:
76:
1482:
1339:
851:
394:
266:. The first member of the family came to market in 1982, briefly known as the
356:(ISA), in which any instruction can be applied to any data. For instance, an
1538:
1467:
Siemens MX300-05/-10/-15/-30 – NS32332 (−05/-10) or NS32532 (−15/-30) under
1403:
1327:
829:
1038:
National also produced a series of related support chips like the NS32081
898:
model, with 2-operand instructions, memory-to-memory operations, flexible
274:. It was the first general-purpose microprocessor on the market that used
1873:"NS32532-20/NS32532-25/NS32532-30 High-Performance 32-Bit Microprocessor"
1512:
1506:
1413:
1407:
943:
310:
platforms and this otherwise excellent design saw almost no use as well.
2059:
1534:
1461:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1158:
947:
393:
both the NS16008 and NS16016 were to feature an emulation mode for the
2126:
2047:
881:
Link base register for dynamically linked modules (object orientation)
404:
All of these could also be used with the NS16081 floating point unit.
1485:
1190:
1170:
1154:
349:
275:
1446:
Opus Systems Opus532.32 Personal Mainframe – NS32032 PC Add-On Board
328:. This had some success in the market before it was replaced by the
989:
to be attached as peers to the main processor. The MMU is based on
1847:"The 32-bit flexible workstation: one supplier's answer for users"
1468:
1449:
1406:– Some early models used the NS32081 FPU as a coprocessor for the
1391:
1246:
1186:
1182:
1021:
1004:
996:
339:
1443:
Opus Systems Opus516 Personal Mainframe – NS32016 PC Add-On Board
1249:
951:
352:
architecture. The VAX is well known for its highly "orthogonal"
307:
2090:, August 1985, pp 120–136; Part 2, BYTE, September 1985, p 116.
922:(68k). The 68k used 32-bit instructions and registers, but its
1242:
1238:
172:
70:
29:
1997:"Multiple operating systems coexist on multiprocessor system"
2129:, an excellent "fan site" and home of the M32632 FPGA clone.
1629:"The National Semiconductor NS16000 Microprocessor Family"
1204:
A derivative of the NS32732 called Swordfish was aimed at
1494:
Tektronix 6130 and 6250 Workstation – NS32016 and NS32032
1416:(previously A-Tech and then UBI) Label Printer – NS32CG16
2082:
Trevor G. Marshall, George Scolaro and David L. Rand:
2071:
Trevor G. Marshall, George Scolaro and David L. Rand:
1354:
Multimax – NS32032, NS32332 and NS32532 Multiprocessor
878:
Static base register, for referencing global variables
875:
Stack pointer (one each for user and supervisor modes)
317:, but eventually gave up attempting to compete in the
1822:. Texas Instruments Incorporated. 1985. pp. 2–24
1458:
Balance – NS32016, NS32032 and NS32332 multiprocessor
1390:
General Robotics Corp. Python – NS32032 & N32016
376:
was not VAX-11 compatible, it did retain its highly "
290:
Several improved versions followed, including 1985's
954:, but has a Pascal-like syntax and is optimized for
313:
National was working on further improvements in the
1500:
Eternity Series – NS32032 w/ NS32016 I/O processor
397:running at four times the speed of that processor.
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
302:, released in 1987, outperformed the contemporary
1772:. Vol. 10, no. 2. pp. 379–382, 384
946:, Israel. The "Z" language is similar to today's
1216:The focus of Swordfish was high-end Postscript
1977:. pp. 97–100, 102, 104–106, 108–110, 112
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1588:"Design Philosophy Behind Motorola's MC68000"
1533:In June 2015, Udo Möller released a complete
8:
2127:National Semiconductor's Series 32000 Family
1662:. Vol. 8, no. 10. pp. 266–276
1434:ICM-332-1 – NS32332 w/ NS32016 I/O processor
929:The 32016 first shipped in 1982 in a 46-pin
200:. There might be a discussion about this on
1706:
1704:
1419:Labtam Unix System NS32032 and NS32332 CPUs
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1971:"Thirty-Two Bit Micros Power Workstations"
1563:. National Semiconductor Corporation. 1984
1537:implementation of an NS32000 processor on
1440:SYS32/20 – NS32016 PC add-on board w/ Unix
962:, and the 32016 never saw widespread use.
891:(Additional system registers not listed).
360:instruction might add the contents of two
1713:"Super-microprocessors - a status report"
1635:. Vol. 8, no. 4. pp. 53–66
1241:market, despite intense competition from
981:interface, allowing coprocessors such as
238:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
894:The instruction set is very much in the
1550:
1342:LBP-8 Mark III Laser Printer – NS32CG16
1263:
1057:
2143:National Semiconductor microprocessors
1719:. Vol. 6, no. 6. p. 190
1681:Cole, Bernard Conrad (November 1981).
1400:VME532 – NS32532 VME Card (with cache)
411:
1503:Trinity College Workstation – NS32332
7:
99:adding citations to reliable sources
1745:. No. 24. July 1984. p. 7
1515:9200 network controller – NS32CG160
25:
1969:Mokhoff, Nicolas (15 June 1984).
1586:Starnes, Thomas W. (April 1983).
1509:9020 network controller – NS32332
1484:– NS32016, used to cross-develop
1481:Symmetric Computer Systems S/375
1318:Machines using the NS32000 series
366:complex instruction set computers
45:This article has multiple issues.
2073:The Definicon DSI-32 Coprocessor
1764:Pountain, Dick (February 1985).
1654:Tilson, Michael (October 1983).
1334:BBC Micro 32016 Second Processor
1305:
1293:
1281:
1269:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1075:
1063:
965:The 32016 has a 16-bit external
177:
75:
34:
2107:Data book NS32000 family (1986)
1739:"Acorn dispels superchip doubt"
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1044:Memory Management Units (MMUs)
18:National Semiconductor NS32016
1:
2003:. March 1984. pp. 30, 32
1944:"Opus: UNIX Music To PC Ears"
1656:"Moving Unix to New Machines"
1560:Series 32000 Software Catalog
298:, released a year prior. The
2084:The DSI-32 Coprocessor Board
1130:NS32202 Interrupt controller
374:instruction set architecture
354:instruction set architecture
1950:. February 1986. p. 83
1798:. 16 June 1986. p. 130
1627:Leedy, Glenn (April 1983).
1524:Whitechapel MG200 – NS32332
1326:– NS32016 (with 6502-based
1324:Acorn Cambridge Workstation
332:architecture in mid-1990s.
2164:
2029:. November 1984. p. 8
1895:CPU 32016 Technical Manual
1845:Rada, Col (18 June 1984).
1819:TI32000 Family Data Manual
1348:32016 – NS32016 S-100 Card
1048:Direct Memory Access (DMA)
699:
656:
560:
465:
287:little use in the market.
1924:. April 1985. p. 441
1918:"IBM PC UNIX Coprocessor"
1596:. Vol. 8, no. 4
1035:, and equally unpopular.
684:
681:
666:
663:
642:
639:
624:
621:
606:
603:
588:
585:
570:
567:
549:
538:
527:
516:
505:
494:
483:
472:
254:, sometimes known as the
1711:Libes, Sol (June 1983).
1683:"Advances in CPU Design"
1471:(MX300-55 and later use
388:, which provided 24-bit
2048:M32632 32-bit Processor
1853:. pp. 35–37, 39–40
1717:Personal Computer World
701:Program Status Register
319:central processing unit
2148:32-bit microprocessors
2023:"Syte fades from view"
1880:National Semiconductor
1438:National Semiconductor
1432:National Semiconductor
1426:National Semiconductor
1387:workstation – NS32GX32
1366:Emulator III – NS32016
1142:NS32203 DMA controller
1027:
1026:NS32032 microprocessor
1010:
1002:
1001:NS32016 microprocessor
386:memory management unit
345:
344:NS32008 microprocessor
264:National Semiconductor
2079:, Aug/September 1985,
1380:workstation – NS32532
1373:workstation – NS32032
1025:
1008:
1000:
977:. It also includes a
924:arithmetic logic unit
343:
278:data internally: the
27:32-bit microprocessor
973:, and a full 32-bit
969:, a 24-bit external
270:before becoming the
190:confusing or unclear
95:improve this article
1766:"Realizing a Dream"
1040:Floating Point Unit
599:ointer (interrupt)
414:
413:NS 32000 registers
362:processor registers
198:clarify the article
2060:M32632 Performance
1428:ICM-3216 – NS32016
1028:
1011:
1003:
412:
346:
866:
865:
862:
861:
695:
694:
467:General registers
258:, is a series of
248:
247:
240:
230:
229:
222:
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
16:(Redirected from
2155:
2077:Micro Cornucopia
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2045:
2039:
2038:
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2019:
2013:
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1898:. CompuPro. 1984
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1689:. pp. 94–97
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1583:
1577:
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1555:
1498:Tolerant Systems
1464:PC-MX2 – NS32016
1309:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1206:embedded systems
1139:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1079:
1067:
900:addressing modes
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2062:(cpu-ns32k.net)
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2054:
2050:(OpenCores.org)
2046:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2027:Computer Design
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2001:Computer Design
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1042:(FPU), NS32082
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975:instruction set
960:Apple Macintosh
956:two-phase clock
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884:Program counter
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186:This article
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151:February 2015
143:
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112: –
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2100:
2099:
2083:
2072:
2055:
2043:
2031:. Retrieved
2026:
2017:
2005:. Retrieved
2000:
1991:
1979:. Retrieved
1974:
1964:
1952:. Retrieved
1947:
1938:
1926:. Retrieved
1921:
1912:
1900:. Retrieved
1894:
1888:
1867:
1855:. Retrieved
1850:
1840:
1831:
1824:. Retrieved
1818:
1812:
1800:. Retrieved
1795:
1792:"Components"
1786:
1774:. Retrieved
1769:
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1742:
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1716:
1691:. Retrieved
1686:
1676:
1664:. Retrieved
1659:
1649:
1637:. Retrieved
1632:
1598:. Retrieved
1591:
1581:
1572:
1565:. Retrieved
1559:
1553:
1532:
1364:E-mu Systems
1358:E-mu Systems
1276:NS32C016 CPU
1259:Diab Data AB
1255:
1231:
1222:
1215:
1203:
1195:
1163:
1151:
1148:32332, 32532
1037:
1029:
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964:
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928:
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476:
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459:
408:Architecture
403:
399:
382:
370:
347:
322:
314:
312:
299:
291:
289:
271:
267:
262:produced by
255:
251:
249:
234:
216:
207:
196:Please help
187:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
2086:. Part 1,
1948:UNIX Review
1776:18 December
1519:Whitechapel
1383:ETH Zürich
1376:ETH Zürich
1369:ETH Zürich
1312:NS32532 CPU
1300:NS32382 MMU
1288:NS32381 FPU
1118:NS32082 MMU
1106:NS32081 FPU
1094:NS32032 CPU
1082:NS16081 FPU
1070:NS16032 CPU
1009:NS32081 FPU
979:coprocessor
971:address bus
330:CompactRISC
210:August 2021
2137:Categories
2101:Datasheets
1826:8 November
1802:9 February
1743:Acorn User
1723:17 October
1666:31 January
1600:2018-06-19
1567:8 November
1545:References
1265:Die photos
1059:Die photos
1053:mainframes
1046:, NS32203
664:0000 0000
640:0000 0000
622:0000 0000
604:0000 0000
586:0000 0000
568:0000 0000
556:egister 7
545:egister 6
534:egister 5
523:egister 4
512:egister 3
501:egister 2
490:egister 1
479:egister 0
395:Intel 8080
378:orthogonal
192:to readers
121:newspapers
50:improve it
1749:28 August
1639:22 August
1539:OpenCores
1452:– NS32532
1404:IBM RT PC
1328:BBC Micro
1200:Swordfish
323:Swordfish
110:"NS32000"
56:talk page
2117:NS32C032
1857:10 March
1513:Teklogix
1507:Teklogix
1414:Intermec
1408:IBM ROMP
1398:Heurikon
1346:CompuPro
967:data bus
944:Herzliya
643:INTBASE
368:(CISC).
2122:NS32381
2112:NS32532
2033:5 March
2007:5 March
1981:5 March
1954:24 June
1928:24 June
1902:9 March
1882:. 1995.
1770:Byte UK
1693:2 March
1535:Verilog
1462:Siemens
1456:Sequent
1385:Ceres-3
1378:Ceres-2
1179:MC88000
1175:AM29000
1167:MC68030
1159:MC68020
1033:MC68008
948:Verilog
797:
707:
682:
677:ounter
673:rogram
649:errupt
635:ointer
252:NS32000
188:may be
135:scholar
1574:32000.
1529:Legacy
1486:386BSD
1352:Encore
1228:Others
1191:NetBSD
1171:i80386
1155:Weitek
613:tatic
451:. . .
443:. . .
435:. . .
427:. . .
350:VAX-11
276:32-bit
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
1876:(PDF)
1469:SINIX
1450:PC532
1392:Q-Bus
1371:Ceres
1340:Canon
1330:host)
1247:Intel
1187:Minix
1183:PC532
1018:32032
914:32016
631:rame
595:tack
577:tack
315:32732
300:32532
292:32032
272:32016
268:16032
142:JSTOR
128:books
2088:BYTE
2035:2024
2009:2024
1983:2024
1956:2022
1930:2022
1922:Byte
1904:2022
1859:2022
1828:2021
1804:2022
1778:2020
1751:2020
1725:2020
1695:2023
1668:2015
1660:BYTE
1641:2020
1633:BYTE
1593:Byte
1569:2021
1473:i486
1394:card
1250:RISC
1245:and
1237:and
1177:and
1169:and
987:MMUs
985:and
983:FPUs
952:VHDL
950:and
896:CISC
685:MOD
651:Base
617:ase
589:SP0
571:SP1
308:RISC
250:The
114:news
2075:.
1243:AMD
1239:fax
1193:).
1189:or
931:DIP
857:PSR
689:Mod
667:PC
647:Int
625:FP
607:SB
550:R7
539:R6
528:R5
517:R4
506:R3
495:R2
484:R1
473:R0
358:ADD
284:ALU
256:32k
97:by
2139::
2025:.
1999:.
1973:.
1946:.
1920:.
1878:.
1849:.
1830:.
1794:.
1768:.
1741:.
1715:.
1703:^
1685:.
1658:.
1631:.
1609:^
1590:.
1571:.
1161:.
1055:.
848:T
845:L
842:–
839:–
826:N
823:U
820:S
817:P
809:–
806:–
803:–
800:–
59:.
2037:.
2011:.
1985:.
1958:.
1932:.
1906:.
1861:.
1806:.
1780:.
1753:.
1727:.
1697:.
1670:.
1643:.
1603:.
1475:)
852:C
835:F
830:Z
813:I
786:0
781:1
776:2
771:3
766:4
761:5
756:6
751:7
746:8
741:9
736:0
731:1
726:2
721:3
716:4
711:5
675:C
671:P
633:P
629:F
615:B
611:S
597:P
593:S
579:P
575:S
554:R
543:R
532:R
521:R
510:R
499:R
488:R
477:R
455:0
447:7
439:5
431:3
423:1
241:)
235:(
223:)
217:(
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208:(
204:.
194:.
164:)
158:(
153:)
149:(
139:·
132:·
125:·
118:·
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
