178:
170:
59:
590:"Likewise, Clement and Naum, the first born in Moesia and the second with family ties in both Moesia and Dalmatia, escaped for safety to Belgrade, capital of Moesia Prima, then in Bulgaria." For more: Eurasian Studies Yearbook, Volume 70, Eurolingua, 1998,
471:), a treatise on Slavic literacy written in Old Church Slavonic, thought to be composed shortly after 893. The piece calls for the creation of a common Slavic alphabet. In 893, shortly after his rise to power, the new Bulgarian ruler
379:
became increasingly more hostile. After a brief period of imprisonment due to the ongoing conflict with the German clerics, Naum, together with some of the missionaries (including
Clement of Ohrid and Angelar) headed to Bulgaria.
424:
as a way to preserve the political independence of
Bulgaria. With such views, Boris made arrangements for the establishment of two literary academies where theology was to be taught in the Slavonic language.
355:, is still used by many languages today. The missionaries also wrote the first Slavic Civil Code, which was used in Great Moravia. However, the missionary work ran into opposition from
308:
503:, which later received his name. He died there in 910 and Clement initiated the process of his canonization. In this way Naum became the first "native" saint of Bulgaria.
566:
In
English: Life of St. Naum, Vitaes of the Saints. St. Synod Publishing, Sofia, 1991, edited by Parthenios, Bishop Levkiyski and Archimndrite Dr. Athanasios (Bonchev).
445:. The development of Old Church Slavonic literacy had the effect of preventing the assimilation into the neighboring cultures and promoted the formation of a distinct
564:Житие на Свети Наум; Жития на светиите. Синодално издателство, София, 1991 година, под редакцията на Партений, епископ Левкийски и архимандрит д-р Атанасий (Бончев).
491:. To replace Clement in Ohrid, Simeon sent Naum, who until then had been active in Preslav. Afterwards, Naum continued Clement's work at Ohrid, another important
499:
was created in the
Preslav literary school, and was adopted in Bulgaria, possibly following Naum's initiative. In 905 Naum founded a monastery on the shores of
461:(according to other sources, Gorazd was already dead by that time). In Bulgaria, he spent the next 25 years of his life. Naum was one of the founders of the
228:
954:
531:
to be buried in it. Saint Naum's original feast day was
December 23, but in 1727 on the authority of the Archbishop of Ohrid, it was changed to June 20.
718:
John Van
Antwerp Fine, The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century, University of Michigan Press, 1991,
608:
The early medieval
Balkans: a critical survey from the sixth to the late twelfth century, John Van Antwerp Fine, University of Michigan Press, 1991
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904:
894:
511:
The cults towards him are revered particularly in the region of Ohrid. It spread in the first half of the 18th century with the development of
465:
where he worked between 886 and 893. The most reliable first-hand account of the activities at the time in Pliska is "An
Account of Letters" (
924:
919:
939:
766:
706:
682:
662:
637:
615:
735:
Kiril Petkov, The Voices of
Medieval Bulgaria, Seventh-Fifteenth Century: The Records of a Bygone Culture, Volume 5, BRILL, 2008,
949:
909:
644:
934:
812:
The A to Z of the
Orthodox Church, Michael Prokurat, Alexander Golitzin, Michael D. Peterson, Rowman & Littlefield, 2010,
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856:
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783:
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clerics who opposed their efforts to create a Slavic liturgy. By 885, the two main patrons for the missionaries,
256:
118:
944:
259:
after its foundation in the 9th century. The mission of Naum played significant role by transformation of the
914:
752:
Kantor, Marvin (1983). Medieval Slavic Lives of Saints and Princes. The University of Michigan Press. p. 65.
181:
156:
114:
177:
571:
542:
516:
462:
426:
393:
343:, ordained along with two other disciples of Cyril and Methodius, Gorazd and Clement of Ohrid, by bishops
248:
232:
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88:
492:
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252:
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Information about his early life is scarce. According to the Second Life of Saint Naum, he grew up in
884:
558:
360:
284:
323:
For the next 22 years, he worked with Cyril and Methodius and other missionaries in translating the
889:
795:
Curta, Florin, Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250, Cambridge University Press, 2006,
421:
397:
351:, the first alphabet to match the specific features of the Slavic language. Its descendant script,
348:
328:
292:
236:
196:
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Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250, Florin Curta, Cambridge University Press, 2006,
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655:
Monks and Laymen in Byzantium, 843-1118, Rosemary Morris, Cambridge University Press, 2003
496:
372:
352:
336:
244:
152:
675:
Historical dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Dimitar Bechev, Scarecrow Press, 2009
868:
Robert Elsie, The Christian Saints of Albania; Balkanistica, issue 13 (2000), pp. 35-57.
524:
480:
413:
347:
and Gauderic. For the purpose of the mission to Moravia, the missionaries devised the
223:(c. 830 – December 23, 910), was a medieval Bulgarian writer and missionary among the
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also went on pilgrimage to the monastery of Saint Naum, believing their saint
500:
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138:
420:
clergy. Fearing growing Byzantine influence Boris viewed the adoption of the
761:
Who are the Macedonians? Hugh Poulton, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000,
698:
512:
831:
Historical Dictionary of Byzantium, John H. Rosser, Scarecrow Press, 2012,
389:
368:
260:
778:
A short history of modern Bulgaria, R. J. Crampton, CUP Archive, 1987,
484:
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58:
430:
375:, as well as Cyril and Methodius had died, and the pressure from the
275:, which was the Byzantine designation for Bulgaria. According to the
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identity. Naum moved initially to the capital Pliska together with
697:, Cornell Paperbacks: Slavic studies, history, political science,
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438:
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and some other sources, Naum took part in the historic mission to
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as a center of Orthodox culture and with the development of the
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The national question in Yugoslavia: origins, history, politics
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184:, resting place of Naum, located in North Macedonia
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128:
110:
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73:
68:
45:
632:. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. pp. 48–49.
255:. He was among the first saints declared by the
8:
519:. His name became more popular and reached
412:the religious ceremonies were conducted in
239:and is associated with the creation of the
57:
42:
583:
483:, where Clement was ordained bishop of
173:Southeastern Europe in the 9th century.
559:Virtual Panoramas of St. Naum in Ohrid
339:. In 867 or 868 he became a priest in
247:. Naum was among the founders of the
7:
523:and even Vienna. The members of the
701:, Cornell University Press, 1988,
137:Monastery of Saint Naum in Ohrid (
69:Wonderworker, Apostle of the Slavs
25:
955:Founders of Christian monasteries
251:. Afterwards Naum worked at the
235:. He was among the disciples of
319:Great Moravia and Lower Panonia
29:Bulgarian writer and missionary
900:10th-century Bulgarian writers
337:Principality of Lower Pannonia
1:
905:10th-century Christian saints
895:9th-century Bulgarian writers
400:. Bulgaria was ruled then by
77:
925:Saints of medieval Macedonia
429:was founded in the capital,
396:, welcomed the disciples of
920:Old Church Slavonic writers
628:Obolensky, Dimitri (1994).
211:
155:), 20 May and 23 December (
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940:Medieval Bulgarian saints
572:Macedonian Tourism Portal
493:centre of Slavic learning
257:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
200:
119:Eastern Catholic Churches
56:
427:The first of the schools
227:, considered one of the
950:Preslav Literary School
910:Eastern Orthodox saints
630:Byzantium and the Slavs
388:In 886 the governor of
182:Monastery of Saint Naum
157:Revised Julian calendar
115:Eastern Orthodox Church
935:Bulgarian male writers
549:, is named after him.
543:South Shetland Islands
517:Archbishopric of Ohrid
477:ecclesiastical council
463:Pliska Literary School
384:First Bulgarian Empire
249:Pliska Literary School
233:First Bulgarian Empire
185:
174:
151:5 January and 3 July (
105:First Bulgarian Empire
89:First Bulgarian Empire
960:Ohrid Literary School
495:. In these years the
315:missionaries in 863.
253:Ohrid Literary School
180:
172:
361:Rastislav of Moravia
285:Theophylact of Ohrid
479:in the new capital
441:, in the region of
422:Old Church Slavonic
404:, who converted to
398:Cyril and Methodius
349:Glagolitic alphabet
331:and promoted it in
329:Old Church Slavonic
293:Cyril and Methodius
237:Cyril and Methodius
408:in 864. After the
295:, their disciples
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175:
161:Gregorian calendar
63:Icon of Saint Naum
930:People from Ohrid
539:Livingston Island
435:the second school
263:into Bulgarians.
261:local Early Slavs
215:), also known as
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111:Venerated in
32:For the computer
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535:St. Naum Peak
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123:Latin Church
38:Naum (chess)
34:chess engine
26:
885:830s births
529:Sarı Saltık
521:Mount Athos
468:O pismenech
402:Knyaz Boris
367:and Prince
277:hagiography
890:910 deaths
879:Categories
857:0521815398
837:0810875675
818:0810876027
801:0521815398
784:0521273234
741:9004168311
724:0472081497
596:0931922623
578:References
547:Antarctica
501:Lake Ohrid
392:, then in
311:and other
241:Glagolitic
212:Sveti Naum
201:Свети Наум
197:Macedonian
139:Sveti Naum
81: 830
859:, p. 214.
743:, p. 161.
709:, p. 309.
699:Ivo Banac
685:, p. 159.
618:, p. 128.
513:Moscopole
447:Bulgarian
418:Byzantine
206:romanized
193:Bulgarian
665:, p. 25.
598:, p. 56.
485:Drembica
394:Bulgaria
390:Belgrade
353:Cyrillic
345:Formosus
841:p. 342.
786:, p. 5.
541:in the
481:Preslav
455:Angelar
451:Clement
305:Angelar
231:of the
208::
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835:
821:p. 91.
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507:Legacy
489:Velika
459:Gorazd
433:, and
431:Pliska
357:German
313:Slavic
297:Gorazd
273:Moesia
132:shrine
130:Major
85:Moesia
36:, see
439:Ohrid
416:by a
414:Greek
369:Koceľ
327:into
325:Bible
225:Slavs
147:Feast
101:Ohrid
47:Saint
853:ISBN
833:ISBN
814:ISBN
797:ISBN
780:ISBN
763:ISBN
737:ISBN
720:ISBN
703:ISBN
679:ISBN
659:ISBN
634:ISBN
612:ISBN
592:ISBN
487:and
341:Rome
335:and
309:Sava
307:and
267:Life
243:and
195:and
189:Naum
95:Died
74:Born
51:Naum
537:on
437:in
371:of
363:of
283:by
279:of
219:or
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191:(
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40:.
20:)
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