335:
162:
350:
33:
381:
304:
404:
315:
366:
210:
72:
reestablished control over the region. Altogether, more than two million people were killed in
Belarus during the three years of Nazi occupation, around a quarter of the region's population, or even as high as three million killed or thirty percent of the population, including 500,000 to 550,000 Jews
299:
deliberately provoked German reprisals, partly accounting for the high death toll, this conclusion has been disputed. A 2017 study focusing on the logistics of mass killing found "that Soviet partisan attacks against German personnel provoked reprisals against civilians but that attacks against
183:
movement emerged. Hiding in the woods and swamps, the partisans inflicted heavy damage to German supply lines and communications, disrupting railway tracks, bridges, telegraph wires, attacking supply depots, fuel dumps and transports, and ambushing Axis soldiers. In one of the most successful
152:
territory was occupied by the
Germans by the end of August 1941. With Poland regarding the Soviet annexation as illegal, the majority of Polish citizens did not ask for Soviet citizenship from 1939 to 1941, and as a result were Polish citizens under Soviet and later German occupation.
1170:
1163:
109:
on 17 September 1939. More than 100,000 people of different ethnic backgrounds, mostly Poles and Jews in West
Belarus, were imprisoned, executed or transported to the eastern USSR by Soviet authorities before the German invasion. The
1156:
1886:
300:
railroads had the opposite effect. Where partisans focused on disrupting German supply lines rather than killing
Germans, occupying forces conducted fewer reprisals, burned fewer houses, and killed fewer people."
598:
In total, Belarus lost a quarter of its pre-war population in the Second World War, including practically all its intellectual elite. About 9,200 villages and 1,200,000 houses were destroyed. The major towns of
416:
251:
The German invasion and occupation resulted in heavy human casualties, with some 380,000 people deported for slave labour, and the mass murder of hundreds of thousands more civilians. The ethnically
259:. At least 5,295 Byelorussian settlements were destroyed by the Nazis and some or all their inhabitants killed (out of 9,200 settlements that were burned or otherwise destroyed in Belarus during
904:
421:
3045:
2613:
426:
231:
3171:
2798:
77:. In total, on the territory of modern Belarus, more than 9,200 villages and settlements, and 682,000 buildings were destroyed and burned, with some settlements burned several times.
607:
lost over 80% of their buildings and city infrastructure. For the defense against the
Germans, and the tenacity during the German occupation, the capital Minsk was awarded the title
1876:
952:
431:
2334:
2179:
983:(Fall 2016) 17#4 pp 805–835; examines popular behaviour in Byelorussia under the Germans, using oral history, letters of complaint, memoirs and secret police and party reports.
2608:
2562:
3120:
334:
192:
were destroyed. To fight partisan activity, the
Germans had to withdraw considerable forces behind their front line. On 22 June 1944, the huge Soviet Strategic Offensive
3100:
3065:
2253:
673:
102:
61:
2457:
161:
648:
349:
131:
3130:
2936:
2906:
2889:
2931:
1920:
398:
32:
2864:
93:
in the 1941 borders as a whole. Polish historiography insists on special, even separate treatment for the East Lands of the Poland in the 1921 borders (alias "
2729:
2946:
3176:
3156:
3125:
3105:
2823:
1142:
549:
which did not evacuate east ahead of the German advance was killed during the
Holocaust by bullet. The list of eradicated Jewish ghettos in Nazi-Soviet
380:
303:
1943:
354:
174:
3060:
2420:
1955:
1189:
554:
436:
3151:
2915:
2164:
2088:
1788:
3186:
2485:
2159:
2033:
1863:
403:
86:
49:
2803:
1910:
1900:
1778:
887:
818:
783:
1998:
503:
3166:
2593:
2450:
2108:
314:
85:
The Soviet and
Belarusian historiographies study the subject of German occupation in the context of contemporary Belarus, regarded as the
1768:
2739:
2220:
2043:
1658:
365:
3181:
3018:
2894:
2505:
1122:
1099:
1075:
1056:
1037:
970:
643:
255:
Byelorussian population was intended to be exterminated, expelled, or enslaved as part of the German ethnic cleansing operation named
2966:
3115:
3040:
2986:
2734:
2676:
2643:
2567:
2500:
1915:
1018:
2381:
1773:
1798:
571:
Later in 1944, 30 German-trained
Belarusians were airdropped behind the Soviet front line to spark disarray. These were known as "
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3072:
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1212:
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1803:
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1395:
166:
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allies invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. Eastern
Belarus suffered particularly heavily during the fighting and German
2154:
2028:
3095:
3050:
2633:
2623:
2258:
2083:
1360:
999:
546:
1808:
840:
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2661:
2638:
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2139:
1755:
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1454:
566:
451:
1763:
3110:
2991:
2981:
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2707:
2681:
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2008:
2003:
1978:
1881:
1871:
1793:
632:
74:
3001:
2961:
2956:
2686:
2618:
2263:
2174:
1474:
463:
369:
699:
323:
3077:
3035:
3023:
2996:
2951:
2884:
2628:
2603:
2530:
2515:
2510:
2273:
2268:
2134:
1993:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1597:
1507:
446:
319:
57:
2294:
2113:
2018:
1148:
3013:
3006:
2778:
2598:
2552:
1905:
222:
106:
732:
3028:
2941:
2813:
2788:
2717:
2588:
1988:
1325:
1310:
609:
658:
2309:
3055:
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2926:
2921:
2911:
2879:
2874:
2869:
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2144:
2093:
2038:
2013:
1721:
1582:
1572:
1537:
584:
307:
115:
65:
2712:
2666:
2583:
2535:
1744:
1726:
1577:
1345:
961:
2818:
1925:
1562:
2793:
2751:
2520:
2490:
1948:
1567:
1557:
1487:
1459:
1547:
1542:
468:
1113:
Defiance: The Bielski Partisans, The Story of the Largest Armed Resistance by Jews During World War II
2828:
2417:
2376:
2339:
2204:
1849:
1532:
1502:
1482:
1464:
1411:
1385:
1380:
1300:
709:
576:
532:
483:
41:
2396:
2048:
318:
On the way to the railway station in Minsk young people from Belarus march past the chairman of the
2149:
1676:
1587:
1492:
1415:
1280:
1265:
1255:
276:
193:
145:
53:
45:
879:
2236:
1833:
1716:
1668:
1552:
1497:
1421:
1305:
1245:
992:
Kalkulierte Morde: die deutsche Wirtschafts- und Vernichtungspolitik in Weißrußland 1941 bis 1944
932:
800:
545:, created by the Germans shortly after the invasion began. Almost the whole, previously numerous
488:
338:
2435:
2391:
1681:
2540:
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1370:
1295:
1250:
1118:
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478:
473:
290:
286:
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119:
2495:
2412:
1290:
1260:
1030:
The Politics of Illusion and Empire: German Occupation Policy in the Soviet Union, 1942-1943
916:
875:
498:
296:
2773:
2078:
2068:
1696:
1686:
1315:
1204:
686:
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342:
256:
180:
17:
209:
2118:
2053:
1894:
1890:
1691:
1512:
905:"External Resources and Indiscriminate Violence: Evidence from German-Occupied Belarus"
807:
GENOCIDE OF THE BELARUSIAN PEOPLE: INFORMATIONAL AND ANALYTICAL MATERIALS AND DOCUMENTS
704:
614:
538:
441:
3145:
2058:
1375:
1365:
1335:
1320:
1275:
663:
619:
936:
2901:
2023:
1390:
1235:
1180:
679:
542:
493:
260:
137:
98:
90:
69:
572:
179:
In the early days of the occupation, a powerful and increasingly well-coordinated
773:
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extending eastward toward the border with the Soviet Belarus can be found at the
2329:
1350:
1285:
848:
141:
2371:
2169:
1355:
1340:
1240:
1138:
1089:
920:
802:ГЕНОЦИД БЕЛОРУССКОГО НАРОДА: ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ И ДОКУМЕНТЫ
185:
1111:
928:
2849:
2722:
1437:
1270:
1230:
579:. They had some initial success due to disorganization in the rear guard of
872:
Economic Aspects of Genocides, Other Mass Atrocities, and Their Preventions
136:
After twenty months of Soviet rule in Western Belarus and Western Ukraine,
748:"World War II -- 60 Years After: Legacy Still Casts Shadow Across Belarus"
2386:
1330:
1049:
The Kings and the Pawns: Collaboration in Byelorussia during World War II
747:
580:
184:
partisan sabotage actions of the entire Second World War, the so-called
604:
373:
189:
149:
813:(in Russian and English). Минск: Издательство «Беларусь». p. 36.
1818:
1011:"Our Glorious Past": Lukashenka's Belarus and the Great Patriotic War
728:
264:
196:
was launched, finally regaining all of Belarus by the end of August.
1983:
962:
Marching into Darkness: The Wehrmacht and the Holocaust in Belarus
600:
402:
385:
379:
364:
358:
348:
333:
327:
313:
302:
252:
160:
595:
infiltrated these units and neutralized them by the end of 1946.
2063:
592:
417:
14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Galicia (1st Ukrainian)
188:
diversion of 30 July 1943, four German trains with supplies and
148:. Following bloody encirclement battles, all of the present-day
111:
2439:
1152:
326:. They are going to be trained in Germany for military action,
203:
399:
Foreign relations of the Axis of World War II § Belarus
422:
29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS RONA (1st Russian)
60:
in 1941, and in 1943, the German authorities allowed local
52:
until it was fully liberated in August 1944 as a result of
427:
30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Belarusian)
870:
Zhukov, Yuri M. (2016). "On the Logistics of Violence".
981:
Kritika: Explorations in Russian & Eurasian History
227:
953:
Bibliography of the history of Belarus and Byelorussia
432:
30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Russian)
116:
killed more than 1,000 prisoners in June and July 1941
56:. The western parts of Byelorussia became part of the
1068:
Stalin's Guerrillas: Soviet Partisans in World War II
979:
Exeler, Franziska. "What Did You Do during the War?"
832:
830:
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2837:
2700:
2654:
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2405:
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2357:
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1971:
1964:
1936:
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1842:
1826:
1817:
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1709:
1667:
1651:
1642:
1596:
1525:
1473:
1447:
1434:
1404:
1223:
1201:
1188:
1117:(4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
36:
Mogilev Jews assembled for forced labour, July 1941
1110:
2804:Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, and British North Borneo
674:Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union
3172:Military history of Belarus during World War II
649:Military history of Belarus during World War II
132:Military history of Belarus during World War II
541:before the conclusion of World War II was the
27:Nazi occupation of Belarus during World War II
2467:History of World War II by region and country
2451:
1164:
874:. Oxford University Press. pp. 399–424.
8:
2234:
1435:
1210:
1202:
1091:Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin
567:Consequences of German Nazism § Belarus
44:started on 22 June 1941 and led to a German
2458:
2444:
2436:
2361:
2243:
1968:
1823:
1751:
1664:
1648:
1593:
1470:
1444:
1220:
1198:
1171:
1157:
1149:
1143:European Holocaust Research Infrastructure
295:Although some historians have argued that
1070:. Lawrence, Kan.: Univ. Press of Kansas.
880:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199378296.003.0018
729:"The tragedy of Khatyn - Genocide policy"
583:. Other Belarusian units slipped through
267:had their entire population annihilated.
175:Belarusian resistance during World War II
778:. Harvard University Press. p. 28.
555:Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland
437:36th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS
31:
994:(1st ed.). Hamburg: Hamburger Ed.
965:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
720:
772:Waitman Wade Beorn (January 6, 2014).
89:(BSSR), a constituent republic of the
87:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
384:Mass murder of Soviet civilians near
64:to set up a regional government, the
7:
847:. SMC "Khatyn". 2005. Archived from
735:from the original on March 10, 2015.
903:Zhukov, Yuri M. (January 1, 2017).
263:), and more than 600 villages like
169:captured near Minsk is marched west
42:German invasion of the Soviet Union
1028:Mulligan, Timothy Patrick (1988).
841:"Genocide policy. Punitive action"
644:Maly Trostenets extermination camp
25:
3177:World War II occupied territories
3157:1944 disestablishments in Belarus
1606:Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe
2094:Serbia (Commissioner Government)
746:Donovan, Jeffrey (May 4, 2005).
640:: slaughter of Belarus civilians
208:
2074:Norway (Administrative Council)
613:after the war. The fortress of
103:were incorporated into the BSSR
3152:1941 establishments in Belarus
1:
2099:Serbia (Council of Ministers)
537:The largest Jewish ghetto in
452:Byelorussian Auxiliary Police
1872:Army Group Rear Area Command
1179:Administrative divisions in
1013:. Stuttgart: Ibidem-Verlag.
959:Beorn, Waitman Wade (2014).
633:Eastern Front (World War II)
547:Jewish population of Belarus
515:Other units and participants
3167:German military occupations
2254:Belgium and Northern France
1877:Belgium and Northern France
464:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
370:Belarusian Auxiliary Police
339:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
221:to comply with Knowledge's
3203:
1756:Civil Administration Areas
1361:Southern Hanover–Brunswick
1009:Marples, David R. (2014).
950:
564:
530:
447:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
396:
320:Belarusian Central Council
280:
274:
172:
129:
58:Reichskommissariat Ostland
18:Nazi occupation of Belarus
3187:Belarus–Germany relations
3182:Jewish Belarusian history
1626:North Brabant and Limburg
1621:South Holland and Zeeland
1616:North Holland and Utrecht
1611:Gelderland and Overijssel
1094:. New York: Basic Books.
1066:Slepyan, Kenneth (2006).
921:10.1017/S0043887116000137
799:Шведа, А.И., ed. (2022).
591:erupted in 1945. But the
1864:Military administrations
1396:Württemberg-Hohenzollern
234:may contain suggestions.
219:may need to be rewritten
68:, that lasted until the
3162:Belarus in World War II
575:" ("Black Cat") led by
308:Belarusian Central Rada
114:(Soviet secret police)
66:Belarusian Central Rada
2235:
1965:Puppet administrations
1769:Carinthia and Carniola
1436:
1211:
1203:
1183:and German occupations
1051:. New York: Berghahn.
775:Marching into Darkness
617:was awarded the title
458:Notable Nazi personnel
412:
389:
377:
362:
346:
331:
311:
170:
37:
1416:Reichsfestung Belgrad
1109:Tec, Nechama (2009).
1047:Rein, Leonid (2013).
1032:. New York: Praeger.
659:Narodowe Siły Zbrojne
406:
383:
368:
355:Belarusian resistance
352:
337:
317:
306:
281:Further information:
164:
35:
2418:Strength Through Joy
2377:Weather Station Kurt
2079:Norway (Quisling II)
1326:Munich–Upper Bavaria
1311:March of Brandenburg
851:on December 21, 2018
731:. SMC Khatyn. 2005.
533:Holocaust in Belarus
75:Holocaust in Belarus
2916:Carpathian Ruthenia
2237:Reichskommissariats
2069:Norway (Quisling I)
1999:Chechnya-Ingushetia
1659:Bohemia and Moravia
1644:Partial annexations
1455:Danzig–West Prussia
310:, Minsk, June 1943.
194:Operation Bagration
54:Operation Bagration
46:military occupation
2506:French West Africa
2486:British Somaliland
1669:General Government
1346:Schleswig-Holstein
988:Gerlach, Christian
700:Radasłaŭ Astroŭski
489:Bronislav Kaminski
413:
390:
378:
363:
347:
332:
324:Radasłaŭ Astroŭski
312:
171:
118:, for example, in
38:
3139:
3138:
2730:Dutch East Indies
2568:Southern Rhodesia
2501:French Somaliland
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2353:
2352:
2323:Other occupations
2318:
2317:
2229:
2228:
1944:Adriatic Littoral
1937:Operational Zones
1858:
1857:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1705:
1704:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1521:
1520:
1430:
1429:
889:978-0-19-937829-6
820:978-985-01-1534-8
785:978-0-674-72660-4
654:Operation Tempest
585:Białowieża Forest
521:Army Group Centre
509:Jakob Sporrenberg
479:Curt von Gottberg
474:Oskar Dirlewanger
345:, Minsk, ca. 1943
291:Operation Cottbus
287:Operation Hornung
283:Operation Bamberg
249:
248:
223:quality standards
105:after the Soviet
16:(Redirected from
3194:
2890:Military history
2644:Native Americans
2460:
2453:
2446:
2437:
2362:
2244:
2240:
1969:
1956:Alpine Foothills
1824:
1774:Gebiet Bialystok
1752:
1665:
1649:
1594:
1508:Tyrol–Vorarlberg
1471:
1445:
1441:
1386:Westphalia-South
1381:Westphalia-North
1301:Magdeburg-Anhalt
1221:
1216:
1208:
1199:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1150:
1128:
1116:
1105:
1081:
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1043:
1024:
1005:
976:
941:
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894:
893:
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824:
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796:
790:
789:
769:
763:
762:
760:
758:
743:
737:
736:
725:
499:Anthony Sawoniuk
297:Soviet partisans
277:Bandenbekämpfung
244:
241:
235:
212:
204:
21:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3131:Pacific Islands
3126:Solomon Islands
3106:Gilbert Islands
3088:
3082:
3061:Channel Islands
2833:
2696:
2650:
2572:
2469:
2464:
2434:
2425:
2421:holiday resorts
2401:
2349:
2314:
2278:
2225:
2209:
2123:
1960:
1932:
1854:
1838:
1813:
1746:
1731:
1701:
1663:
1630:
1592:
1517:
1469:
1426:
1400:
1281:Halle-Merseburg
1266:Electoral Hesse
1256:Eastern Hanover
1193:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1135:
1125:
1108:
1102:
1086:Snyder, Timothy
1084:
1078:
1065:
1059:
1046:
1040:
1027:
1021:
1008:
1002:
986:
973:
958:
955:
949:
947:Further reading
944:
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771:
770:
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756:
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745:
744:
740:
727:
726:
722:
718:
696:
687:Fortress of War
669:Soviet partisan
638:Khatyn massacre
629:
587:and full scale
569:
563:
561:Post-occupation
551:occupied Poland
535:
529:
517:
469:Gustavs Celmiņš
460:
409:Walter Schimana
401:
395:
343:Ordnungspolizei
293:
279:
273:
257:Generalplan Ost
245:
239:
236:
226:
213:
202:
181:Soviet partisan
177:
159:
134:
128:
95:Kresy Wschodnie
83:
73:as part of the
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3063:
3058:
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3051:British Empire
3046:United Kingdom
3043:
3038:
3033:
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3031:
3026:
3021:
3019:Basque Country
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3010:
3009:
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664:Slutsk Affair
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62:collaborators
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19:
3073:Vatican City
2992:Soviet Union
2740:West Sumatra
2609:Newfoundland
2563:South Africa
2558:Sierra Leone
2536:North Africa
2382:Schatzgräber
1804:West Prussia
1784:Lower Styria
1722:Holland (SS)
1493:Upper Danube
1488:Lower Danube
1291:Hesse-Nassau
1261:East Prussia
1231:Baden-Alsace
1194:Nazi Germany
1192:divisions of
1181:Nazi Germany
1112:
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991:
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915:(1): 54–97.
912:
908:
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865:
853:. Retrieved
849:the original
844:
837:(in English)
806:
801:
794:
774:
767:
755:. Retrieved
751:
741:
723:
685:
680:Come and See
678:
618:
608:
597:
570:
543:Minsk Ghetto
536:
504:Karl Schäfer
494:Wilhelm Kube
361:, 1942/1943.
330:, June 1944.
322:, Professor
294:
271:Partisan war
261:World War II
250:
237:
228:You can help
218:
178:
165:A column of
138:Nazi Germany
135:
99:West Belarus
94:
91:Soviet Union
84:
39:
29:
3121:New Zealand
3087:Oceania and
3041:Switzerland
3002:Byelorussia
2957:Netherlands
2799:Philippines
2639:Puerto Rico
2594:El Salvador
2259:Netherlands
2059:Netherlands
1799:Sudetenland
1747:occupations
1583:Vistulaland
1460:Sudetenland
1412:Prinz-Eugen
1316:Mecklenburg
240:August 2016
190:Tiger tanks
167:Soviet POWs
50:Byelorussia
3146:Categories
3116:New Guinea
3096:Antarctica
3089:Antarctica
3078:Yugoslavia
2997:Azerbaijan
2952:Luxembourg
2735:New Guinea
2634:New Mexico
2624:California
2531:Madagascar
2516:Gold Coast
2511:The Gambia
2392:Bassgeiger
2372:New Swabia
2340:San Marino
2165:Montenegro
2089:Montenegro
1911:Luxembourg
1789:Luxembourg
1573:Vandalland
1538:Beskidland
1465:Wartheland
1438:Reichsgaus
1251:Düsseldorf
1001:3930908638
855:August 26,
393:Nazi units
200:War crimes
186:Asipovichy
157:Occupation
146:occupation
81:Background
3101:Australia
3066:Gibraltar
3024:Catalonia
2947:Lithuania
2809:Singapore
2757:Indochina
2747:Hong Kong
2723:Manchuria
2692:Venezuela
2662:Argentina
2599:Greenland
2553:Nyasaland
2413:Nordstern
2397:Edelweiss
2305:Turkestan
2295:Don-Volga
2195:Turkestan
2145:Cossackia
2084:Macedonia
2044:Lithuania
1949:Ljubljana
1834:Bialystok
1819:Districts
1483:Carinthia
1376:Weser-Ems
1366:Thuringia
1336:Pomerania
1321:Moselland
1276:Franconia
929:0043-8871
845:Khatyn.by
757:March 21,
610:Hero City
573:Čorny Kot
557:article.
527:Holocaust
353:A hanged
232:talk page
101:), which
2987:Slovenia
2982:Slovakia
2972:Portugal
2860:Bulgaria
2814:Thailand
2789:Mongolia
2762:Cambodia
2682:Suriname
2672:Colombia
2496:Ethiopia
2406:Proposed
2387:Holzauge
2290:Caucasia
2283:Proposed
2221:Brittany
2214:Proposed
2205:Wallonia
2190:Slovakia
2140:Bulgaria
2114:Wallonia
2104:Slovakia
2019:Flanders
1901:Slovakia
1850:Brussels
1843:Proposed
1809:Zichenau
1779:Lorraine
1727:Lombardy
1710:Proposed
1598:Westland
1588:Wallonia
1568:Nordmark
1563:Gothland
1553:Flanders
1548:Burgundy
1526:Proposed
1498:Salzburg
1405:Proposed
1391:Westmark
1331:NSDAP/AO
1236:Bayreuth
1213:Altreich
1088:(2012).
990:(2000).
937:41023436
733:Archived
627:See also
581:Red Army
357:member,
140:and its
126:Invasion
120:Chervyen
97:" alias
3029:Galicia
3007:Ukraine
2977:Romania
2927:Ireland
2922:Iceland
2912:Hungary
2902:Germany
2880:Finland
2875:Estonia
2870:Denmark
2855:Belgium
2850:Austria
2845:Albania
2687:Uruguay
2619:Arizona
2546:Morocco
2541:Tunisia
2526:Liberia
2365:Founded
2345:Tunisia
2330:Finland
2300:Muscovy
2274:Ukraine
2269:Ostland
2247:Founded
2200:Ukraine
2170:Romania
2160:Hungary
2135:Belarus
2109:Ukraine
2034:Hungary
2014:Denmark
2004:Croatia
1994:Belarus
1989:Austria
1979:Albania
1972:Founded
1882:Croatia
1827:Founded
1677:Galicia
1652:Founded
1558:Galicia
1543:Brabant
1475:Austria
1448:Founded
1422:Holland
1351:Silesia
1286:Hamburg
1224:Founded
1139:Belarus
605:Vitebsk
374:Mohylew
150:Belarus
70:Soviets
3036:Sweden
2967:Poland
2962:Norway
2937:Latvia
2907:Greece
2885:France
2838:Europe
2824:Turkey
2784:Malaya
2713:Ceylon
2667:Brazil
2629:Nevada
2604:Mexico
2584:Canada
2474:Africa
2335:Monaco
2264:Norway
2185:Serbia
2155:Greece
2150:France
2128:Exiled
2029:Greece
2024:France
1921:Serbia
1916:Poland
1906:Greece
1887:France
1764:Alsace
1745:German
1697:Warsaw
1687:Lublin
1682:Kraków
1578:Venice
1513:Vienna
1503:Styria
1356:Swabia
1341:Saxony
1241:Berlin
1145:(EHRI)
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782:
694:People
388:, 1943
289:, and
265:Khatyn
253:Slavic
230:. The
3111:Nauru
3056:Wales
3014:Spain
2932:Italy
2819:Tibet
2794:Nepal
2779:Japan
2752:India
2718:China
2708:Burma
2521:Kenya
2491:Egypt
2358:Other
2054:Lokot
2049:Lepel
2039:Italy
1926:Banat
1794:Posen
1692:Radom
1533:Banat
1271:Essen
933:S2CID
811:(PDF)
805:[
716:Notes
615:Brest
601:Minsk
386:Minsk
359:Minsk
328:Minsk
2829:Tuva
2774:Iraq
2769:Iran
2701:Asia
2589:Cuba
2310:Ural
2064:Nias
1984:Asch
1205:Gaus
1119:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1072:ISBN
1053:ISBN
1034:ISBN
1015:ISBN
996:ISBN
967:ISBN
925:ISSN
884:ISBN
857:2006
815:ISBN
780:ISBN
759:2024
603:and
593:NKVD
341:and
142:Axis
112:NKVD
40:The
1141:at
917:doi
876:doi
48:of
3148::
1893:‧
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