Knowledge (XXG)

New Zealand bittern

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up, almost perpendicular; I should say this is the proper position for the bird to be placed in when stuffed. When speaking of lagoons as the places where they are to be found, I may mention that I caught one about two miles in the bush, on the bank of a creek; but the creek led to a lagoon. They live on small fishes or the roots of reeds; I should say the latter, because at the very place where I caught one I observed the reeds turned up and the roots gone. They are very solitary, and always found alone, and they stand for hours in one place. I heard a person say that he had opened one and found a large egg in it. They breed on the ground in very obscure places; I never heard their cry.
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They are to be found on the salt-water lagoons on the seashore, always hugging the timbered side of the same. I have seen them in two positions, viz.:— standing on the bank of the lagoon, with their heads bent forward, studiously watching the water; at other times I have seen them standing straight
395:
Although a small bittern, the species was larger (length about 14.75 inches (38 cm)) than the little bittern (25–36 cm). Few specimens are known, and of these doubt exists even about the sex of some, making published descriptions unreliable. Differences from the little bittern
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Two calls were recorded by Buller, a "peculiar snapping cry" as an alarm call, and a "cry not unlike that of a kingfisher, though not so loud".
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by Paul Martinson. Artwork produced for the book Extinct Birds of New Zealand by Alan Tennyson, Te Papa Press, Wellington, 2006
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include a larger buff patch on the upper wing, black upper parts streaked light brown, under parts streaked dark brown and
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Purdie, A.C. (1871). "On a (supposed) new species of Bittern from the Lake District".
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Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 1: Ratites to Ducks
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In recent times, the bird is only known with certainty to have inhabited the
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Holotype from the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
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quotes a Mr Docherty, who was familiar with the bird in Westland:
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New Zealand Little Bittern / Kaoriki. Ixobrychus novaezelandiae.
371:) of Australia and New Guinea, though it was first described by 121: 2133: 819: 609:. Paul Martinson. Wellington, N.Z.: Te Papa Press. p. 40. 1886: 1429: 638:
Potts, T.H. (1871). "On the Birds of NEW Zealand (Part II)".
428:. The first scientific specimen was reportedly obtained at 355:
The species has sometimes been regarded as a subspecies of
713:. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. pp. 1045–1046. 681:
The lost world of the moa: prehistoric life of New Zealand
550: 548: 424:, reports of living birds may have been of misidentified 704: 702: 700: 2095: 2142: 1831: 1711: 1585: 1360: 1236: 853: 771:(2nd ed.). Wellington: Reed. pp. 397–398. 336:). The scientific species name also has numerous 531:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697307A93607264.en 38:New Zealand bittern (adult and juvenile males) 831: 559:. Wellington: Te Papa Press. pp. 40–41. 481:and worms in captivity, when given in water. 8: 679:Worthy, T. H. & Holdaway, R. N. (2002). 2081: 2064: 2052: 2035: 2023: 1981: 1959: 1922: 1905: 1868: 1856: 1844: 1819: 1807: 1785: 1748: 1726: 1699: 1687: 1670: 1658: 1646: 1629: 1612: 1600: 1573: 1561: 1549: 1537: 1525: 1513: 1501: 1489: 1472: 1460: 1448: 1411: 1399: 1387: 1375: 1348: 1331: 1309: 1297: 1285: 1273: 1261: 1249: 1215: 1203: 1191: 1179: 1162: 1150: 1138: 1126: 1114: 1102: 1090: 1073: 1061: 1039: 1027: 1010: 998: 986: 974: 962: 950: 938: 926: 914: 902: 890: 878: 866: 340:. This species was formerly placed in the 2130: 838: 824: 816: 709:Marchant, S.; Higgins, P.J., eds. (1991). 312:and was last recorded alive in the 1890s. 53: 29: 20: 762: 760: 745:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa 683:. Indiana University Press. p. 244. 640:Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 555:Tennyson, A. & Martinson, P. (2006). 529: 662:Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 655: 653: 578: 576: 2102: 498: 412:of New Zealand, with most records from 436:in 1836, but is now untraceable. The 785:A History of the Birds of New Zealand 586:A history of the birds of New Zealand 7: 2348:fa1f1ada-7e9e-4ab2-b359-e58fa1484007 598: 596: 517:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 477:The bittern is recorded as eating 14: 262:Ixobrychus minutus novaezelandiae 2117: 2105: 1990:North Island little spotted kiwi 1227: 78: 506:BirdLife International (2016). 420:remains have been found in the 1941:North Island stout-legged wren 1936:South Island stout-legged wren 1: 2423:IUCN Red List extinct species 782:Buller, Walter Lowry (1888). 603:Tennyson, Alan J. D. (2006). 2443:Extinct birds of New Zealand 606:Extinct birds of New Zealand 583:Walter Lawry Buller (1888). 557:Extinct birds of New Zealand 2438:Bird extinctions since 1500 444:was taken from the head of 432:in the North Island by the 363:), or conspecific with the 265:Mathews & Iredale, 1913 2464: 2338:new-zealand-little-bittern 2061:New Zealand owlet-nightjar 1135:South Island oystercatcher 373:Alexander Callender Purdie 320:New Zealand little bittern 2400:Ixobrychus-novaezelandiae 2188:Ixobrychus_novaezelandiae 2174:Ixobrychus novaezelandiae 2144:Ixobrychus novaezelandiae 1902:Auckland Island merganser 1225: 737:Ixobrychus novaezelandiae 510:Ixobrychus novaezelandiae 318:for this species include 296:and enigmatic species of 210: 203: 181: 174: 75:Scientific classification 73: 51: 42: 37: 28: 23: 1914:Chatham Island merganser 1481:Northern royal albatross 1469:New Zealand storm petrel 524:: e.T22697307A93607264. 404:Distribution and habitat 16:Extinct species of heron 2448:Birds described in 1871 1534:South Island saddleback 1522:North Island saddleback 1498:Orange-fronted parakeet 1270:North Island brown kiwi 767:Oliver, W.R.B. (1955). 289:Botaurus novaezelandiae 188:Botaurus novaezelandiae 2082: 2065: 2053: 2036: 2024: 1982: 1960: 1923: 1906: 1869: 1857: 1845: 1820: 1808: 1786: 1749: 1727: 1700: 1688: 1671: 1659: 1647: 1630: 1613: 1601: 1574: 1562: 1550: 1538: 1526: 1514: 1502: 1490: 1473: 1461: 1449: 1445:New Zealand fairy tern 1412: 1400: 1388: 1376: 1349: 1332: 1310: 1298: 1286: 1274: 1262: 1250: 1216: 1204: 1192: 1180: 1176:Variable oystercatcher 1163: 1151: 1139: 1127: 1115: 1103: 1091: 1074: 1062: 1040: 1028: 1011: 999: 987: 975: 963: 951: 939: 927: 915: 903: 891: 879: 867: 470: 377:Ardeola novaezelandiae 246:Ardeola novaezelandiae 167:B. novaezelandiae 2369:Paleobiology Database 2073:New Zealand musk duck 2020:Scarlett's shearwater 1897:South Island adzebill 1892:North Island adzebill 1782:Erect-crested penguin 1626:Chatham oystercatcher 1457:New Zealand king shag 1099:New Zealand rock wren 465: 442:Museum of New Zealand 426:Australasian bitterns 1723:Antipodean albatross 1713:Subantarctic islands 1036:New Zealand dotterel 935:Double-banded plover 847:Birds of New Zealand 365:black-backed bittern 24:New Zealand bittern 2032:North Island takahē 1907:rakiraki maungahuka 1853:New Zealand bittern 1841:South Island piopio 1794:Reischek's parakeet 1440:South Island kōkako 1435:North Island kōkako 1323:South Island takahē 1306:Yellow-eyed penguin 1294:Southern brown kiwi 1258:Little spotted kiwi 589:. pp. 136–138. 385:Dupetor flavicollis 284:New Zealand bittern 270:Dupetor flavicollis 45:Conservation status 2000:South Island snipe 1995:North Island snipe 1816:Subantarctic snipe 1767:Campbell albatross 1757:Antipodes parakeet 1701:kawau o rangihaute 1372:Black-fronted tern 1246:Great spotted kiwi 1188:White-fronted tern 1053:North Island robin 1048:South Island robin 1007:Long-tailed cuckoo 947:New Zealand falcon 743:Collections Online 249:A. C. Purdie, 1871 2410: 2409: 2356:Open Tree of Life 2136:Taxon identifiers 2093: 2092: 2044:New Zealand goose 1865:New Zealand quail 1609:Chatham albatross 1328:Fiordland penguin 1070:Paradise shelduck 1058:New Zealand scaup 995:Sacred kingfisher 983:Grey-faced petrel 875:Black-billed gull 769:New Zealand Birds 690:978-0-253-34034-4 616:978-0-909010-21-8 434:Reverend Mr Stack 383:, which he named 280: 279: 274: 266: 258: 250: 242: 234: 226: 218: 68: 2455: 2403: 2402: 2390: 2389: 2377: 2376: 2364: 2363: 2351: 2350: 2341: 2340: 2331: 2330: 2318: 2317: 2305: 2304: 2292: 2291: 2279: 2278: 2266: 2265: 2253: 2252: 2240: 2239: 2227: 2226: 2217: 2216: 2204: 2203: 2201:051759B5DD3761F1 2191: 2190: 2178: 2177: 2176: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2131: 2122: 2121: 2120: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2101: 2085: 2078:New Zealand swan 2068: 2056: 2039: 2027: 1985: 1963: 1931:Long-billed wren 1926: 1909: 1872: 1860: 1848: 1823: 1811: 1789: 1752: 1730: 1703: 1691: 1674: 1662: 1650: 1638:Chatham parakeet 1633: 1621:Chatham gerygone 1616: 1604: 1577: 1565: 1553: 1541: 1529: 1517: 1505: 1493: 1476: 1464: 1452: 1415: 1403: 1391: 1379: 1352: 1335: 1313: 1301: 1289: 1277: 1265: 1253: 1231: 1219: 1207: 1195: 1183: 1166: 1154: 1142: 1130: 1118: 1106: 1094: 1077: 1065: 1043: 1031: 1014: 1002: 990: 978: 966: 954: 942: 930: 918: 911:Buff-banded rail 906: 894: 882: 870: 840: 833: 826: 817: 790: 789: 779: 773: 772: 764: 755: 754: 752: 750: 731: 725: 724: 706: 695: 694: 676: 670: 669: 657: 648: 647: 635: 629: 628: 600: 591: 590: 580: 571: 570: 552: 543: 542: 540: 538: 533: 503: 440:specimen in the 361:Botaurus minutus 273:P. L. Horn, 1980 272: 264: 256: 254:Ardetta maculata 248: 240: 232: 224: 222:Ardetta punctata 216: 190: 186: 83: 82: 62: 57: 56: 33: 21: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2453: 2452: 2413: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2398: 2393: 2385: 2380: 2372: 2367: 2359: 2354: 2346: 2344: 2336: 2334: 2326: 2321: 2313: 2308: 2300: 2295: 2287: 2282: 2274: 2269: 2261: 2256: 2248: 2243: 2235: 2230: 2222: 2220: 2212: 2207: 2199: 2194: 2186: 2181: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2138: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2106: 2104: 2096: 2094: 2089: 1973:Waitaha penguin 1968:Chatham penguin 1833: 1827: 1715: 1707: 1589: 1587:Chatham Islands 1581: 1510:Red-billed gull 1503:kākāriki karaka 1364: 1362: 1356: 1238: 1232: 1223: 855: 849: 844: 799: 794: 793: 781: 780: 776: 766: 765: 758: 748: 746: 733: 732: 728: 721: 708: 707: 698: 691: 678: 677: 673: 659: 658: 651: 637: 636: 632: 617: 602: 601: 594: 582: 581: 574: 567: 554: 553: 546: 536: 534: 505: 504: 500: 495: 487: 475: 458: 406: 393: 369:Botaurus dubius 353: 338:junior synonyms 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birds 1359: 1351: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1312: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1283: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1268: 1264: 1263:kiwi pukupuku 1259: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1241: 1235: 1230: 1218: 1213: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1157: 1153: 1148: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1121: 1117: 1116:pīpīwharauroa 1112: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1076: 1071: 1068: 1064: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1013: 1008: 1005: 1001: 996: 993: 989: 984: 981: 977: 972: 969: 965: 960: 957: 953: 948: 945: 941: 936: 933: 929: 924: 921: 917: 912: 909: 905: 900: 897: 893: 888: 887:Brown creeper 885: 881: 876: 873: 869: 864: 861: 860: 858: 852: 848: 841: 836: 834: 829: 827: 822: 821: 818: 812: 810: 806: 804: 801: 800: 796: 787: 786: 778: 775: 770: 763: 761: 757: 744: 740: 738: 730: 727: 722: 720:0-19-553244-9 716: 712: 705: 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1946:Lyall's wren 1852: 1799:Snares snipe 1667:Chatham shag 1546:Shore plover 1420:Foveaux shag 1345:Blue penguin 1282:Okarito kiwi 1147:Spotted shag 1075:pūtangitangi 971:Grey warbler 808: 784: 777: 768: 747:. Retrieved 742: 736: 729: 710: 680: 674: 665: 661: 643: 639: 633: 605: 585: 556: 535:. Retrieved 521: 515: 509: 501: 488: 476: 466: 459: 422:North Island 416:. Although 410:South Island 407: 394: 384: 381:Lake Poukawa 376: 368: 360: 354: 344: 328: 327: 323: 319: 316:Common names 314: 288: 287: 283: 281: 269: 261: 257:Buller, 1873 253: 245: 241:Bonap., 1855 237: 229: 221: 217:Vieill, 1817 213: 187: 182: 166: 165: 152: 18: 2284:iNaturalist 2168:Wikispecies 2124:New Zealand 2066:ruru hinapō 1762:Bounty shag 1597:Black robin 1384:Black stilt 1217:ngutuparore 1181:tōrea pango 1092:tītipounamu 1041:tūturiwhatu 916:moho-pererū 739:; holotype" 537:11 November 391:Description 375:in 1871 as 310:New Zealand 233:Gould, 1848 2417:Categories 2395:Xeno-canto 2054:manutahora 2010:Snipe-rail 1924:mātuhituhi 1570:Yellowhead 1558:Stitchbird 1486:Otago shag 1474:takahikare 1361:Endangered 1237:Flightless 1152:pārekareka 964:pīwakawaka 899:Brown teal 493:References 345:Ixobrychus 304:. It was 225:Gray, 1844 1809:pokotiwha 1696:Pitt shag 1551:tūturuatu 1515:tarāpunga 1462:kawau tūī 1396:Blue duck 1377:tarapiroe 1205:pōpokotea 1200:Whitehead 1123:Silvereye 668:: 99–100. 646:: 59–109. 456:Behaviour 418:subfossil 160:Species: 98:Kingdom: 92:Eukaryota 2433:Bitterns 2428:Botaurus 2328:22697307 2302:10840874 2263:45517758 2214:22697307 2209:BirdLife 2153:Wikidata 1919:Bushwren 1821:tutukiwi 1450:tara-iti 1408:Fernbird 1365:(flying) 1164:miromiro 1104:pīwauwau 1087:Rifleman 1029:pīhoihoi 976:riroriro 952:kārearea 940:pohowera 923:Dabchick 880:tarāpuka 868:korimako 863:Bellbird 625:80016906 438:holotype 430:Tauranga 414:Westland 351:Taxonomy 302:Ardeidae 292:) is an 205:Synonyms 153:Botaurus 142:Ardeidae 138:Family: 112:Chordata 108:Phylum: 102:Animalia 88:Domain: 65:IUCN 3.1 2361:3596761 2276:2480846 2250:nezbit1 2224:nezbit1 2196:Avibase 2159:Q888549 2098:Portals 1983:kērangi 1858:kaoriki 1832:Extinct 1648:ranguru 1299:tokoeka 1212:Wrybill 1063:pāpango 1012:koekoeā 959:Fantail 749:16 July 479:mudfish 473:Feeding 400:-buff. 329:kaoriki 306:endemic 294:extinct 198:, 1871) 185:† 164:† 148:Genus: 128:Order: 118:Class: 63: ( 60:Extinct 2387:225909 2374:401710 2345:NZOR: 2335:NZBO: 2315:824075 2025:ōiruki 1961:whēkau 1870:koreke 1846:piopio 1602:karure 1491:Matapo 1413:mātātā 1350:kororā 1333:tawaki 1318:Kākāpō 1159:Tomtit 1128:tauhou 1082:Pūkeko 1019:Kererū 1000:kōtare 928:weweia 904:pāteke 892:pipipi 854:Common 717:  687:  623:  613:  563:  398:rufous 326:, and 196:Purdie 2382:WoRMS 2297:IRMNG 2245:eBird 2237:3QFVD 2221:BOW: 2112:Birds 2083:poūwa 1834:birds 1728:Toroa 1716:birds 1689:tāiko 1672:papua 1660:parea 1631:tōrea 1614:toroa 1590:birds 1575:mōhua 1539:tīeke 1527:tīeke 1311:hoiho 1275:roroa 1251:roroa 1239:birds 1140:tōrea 1024:Pipit 856:birds 485:Voice 450:Otago 342:genus 334:Māori 298:heron 2323:IUCN 2310:ITIS 2289:5006 2271:GBIF 2037:moho 1877:Huia 1563:hihi 1425:Kākā 1401:whio 1389:kakī 1340:Weka 1287:rowi 1193:tara 751:2010 715:ISBN 685:ISBN 621:OCLC 611:ISBN 561:ISBN 539:2021 522:2016 282:The 122:Aves 2258:EoL 2232:CoL 2183:ADW 1887:Moa 1430:Kea 1171:Tūī 526:doi 448:in 308:to 2419:: 2397:: 2384:: 2371:: 2358:: 2325:: 2312:: 2299:: 2286:: 2273:: 2260:: 2247:: 2234:: 2211:: 2198:: 2185:: 2170:: 2155:: 988:ōi 759:^ 741:. 699:^ 664:. 652:^ 642:. 619:. 595:^ 575:^ 547:^ 520:. 514:. 347:. 322:, 2100:: 2086:) 2080:( 2069:) 2063:( 2057:) 2051:( 2040:) 2034:( 2028:) 2022:( 1986:) 1980:( 1964:) 1958:( 1927:) 1921:( 1910:) 1904:( 1873:) 1867:( 1861:) 1855:( 1849:) 1843:( 1824:) 1818:( 1812:) 1806:( 1790:) 1784:( 1753:) 1747:( 1731:) 1725:( 1704:) 1698:( 1692:) 1686:( 1675:) 1669:( 1663:) 1657:( 1651:) 1645:( 1634:) 1628:( 1617:) 1611:( 1605:) 1599:( 1578:) 1572:( 1566:) 1560:( 1554:) 1548:( 1542:) 1536:( 1530:) 1524:( 1518:) 1512:( 1506:) 1500:( 1494:) 1488:( 1477:) 1471:( 1465:) 1459:( 1453:) 1447:( 1416:) 1410:( 1404:) 1398:( 1392:) 1386:( 1380:) 1374:( 1353:) 1347:( 1336:) 1330:( 1314:) 1308:( 1302:) 1296:( 1290:) 1284:( 1278:) 1272:( 1266:) 1260:( 1254:) 1248:( 1220:) 1214:( 1208:) 1202:( 1196:) 1190:( 1184:) 1178:( 1167:) 1161:( 1155:) 1149:( 1143:) 1137:( 1131:) 1125:( 1119:) 1113:( 1107:) 1101:( 1095:) 1089:( 1078:) 1072:( 1066:) 1060:( 1044:) 1038:( 1032:) 1026:( 1015:) 1009:( 1003:) 997:( 991:) 985:( 979:) 973:( 967:) 961:( 955:) 949:( 943:) 937:( 931:) 925:( 919:) 913:( 907:) 901:( 895:) 889:( 883:) 877:( 871:) 865:( 839:e 832:t 825:v 753:. 735:" 723:. 693:. 666:3 644:3 627:. 569:. 541:. 528:: 512:" 508:" 367:( 359:( 332:( 286:( 194:( 67:)

Index


Conservation status
Extinct
IUCN 3.1
Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Eukaryota
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Pelecaniformes
Ardeidae
Botaurus
Binomial name
Purdie
Synonyms
extinct
heron
Ardeidae
endemic
New Zealand
Common names
Māori
junior synonyms
genus
little bittern
black-backed bittern
Alexander Callender Purdie
Lake Poukawa
rufous

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