119:
194:
The typical example used to explain the need for the
Neuberg approach involves comparing two pairs, whose results only differ with respect to one hand. On this single hand, Pair A competes against 10 other pairs and beats them all, whereas pair B competes against 50 other pairs, beating 33 and losing
232:
If you play a board, and a different play of the same board was cancelled involving a weak pair that you would probably have beaten, the
Neuberg formula does not compensate you for your cancelled (presumed) victory. However, it compensates you had the different play of the board involved a stronger
190:
A result achieved by a pair on a board played fewer times is a less reliable, higher variance, estimate of the pair's performance than a result achieved on a board played more times. It is baseless to suggest that giving the less-played board an equal contribution increases fairness; in fact it has
204:
Pair 'B's victory is, in fact, the only fair outcome, since, in the referenced example, pair 'B' has beaten a higher proportion of opposing scores (533/1050) than pair 'A' (510/1010) has. Nonetheless, the documents advocating
Neuberg formula portray this outcome as unfair, for reasons that they do
214:
It is unclear whether GĂ©rard
Neuberg actually believed that applying the Neuberg formula increased fairness, or if the formulation was merely an exercise to find the best possible protocol for scaling Matchpoints in a theoretical situation where one wanted each board to contribute equally, for
31:
scores achieved on boards which have been played fewer times than other boards. Originally developed by GĂ©rard
Neuberg of France, its objective is to achieve a formula for the final score of every pair to which each hand they have played contributes with equal weight.
249:
The rounding method means that two pairs with the same total unrounded scores can end up with different total rounded scores, and be ranked accordingly. This is not that unusual. The solution is to round the total scores, not the per-board
35:
Although the objective behind the formula is of questionable soundness, the formula itself follows from well-defined mathematical assumptions, and is almost universally applied in computer-scored bridge tournaments.
269:
The formula can also be used for example in a club competition when it is desired to give equal weight to scores achieved over a number of sessions, but there were different numbers of tables at each session.
73:
Multiply by the number of times the board should have been played (this should be the same number for all the boards in the tournament) and divide by the number of times it was actually played.
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261:
The formula was developed by GĂ©rard
Neuberg, a French mathematician. He died at the end of 2016: there is a brief obituary in the French Bridge Federation magazine (January 2017) .
70:
Add 1 to the number of match points scored. (If the North
American match point system is in use, where each comparison is worth one point rather than two, add a half-point instead.)
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195:
to 17. The non-Neuberg approach, of comparing each pair with the maximum they could have achieved, results in pair 'B' achieving a higher final score than pair 'A'.
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one or more plays of that board had to be cancelled because of irregularities, entailing explicit percentage assignments for those plays.
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the opposite effect, making it more likely for a pair to win or lose the event by chance, rather than skill.
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not carefully express. Applying the
Neuberg formula puts pair 'A' first, which is actually not fair.
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336:"l'as de trèfle : le magazin de la Fédération Français de Bridge : Janvier 2017"
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The scores are usually then rounded to the nearest 0.1, so 4.8 and 10.7 respectively.
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312:"Match-pointing boards with an unequal number of scores : The Neuberg formula"
288:"Match-pointing boards with an unequal number of scores : The Neuberg formula"
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147:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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39:
A board might have been played fewer times than others because:
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1613:
List of bridge people with
Knowledge (XXG) (English) articles
181:
reason to give equal weight to boards played fewer times
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Failure to account for diverse partnership strengths
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76:Then subtract 1 (or ½, whichever was added above).
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101:Then (9+1) x (7/6) - 1 = 10.6667 (out of 12).
8:
95:Then (4+1) x (7/6) - 1 = 4.8333 (out of 12).
1956:World Transnational Open Teams Championship
2269:
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1992:European Universities Bridge Championships
1856:Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games
1851:Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games
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2211:United States Bridge Championships - Open
1987:Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships
233:pair that would have probably beaten you.
163:Learn how and when to remove this message
98:Pair Y scored 9 match points (out of 10).
92:Pair X scored 4 match points (out of 10).
1771:List of contract bridge governing bodies
279:
1830:List of bridge competitions and awards
1431:List of nationality transfers in sport
2320:25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know
2201:Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams
1766:International Mind Sports Association
7:
2004:North American bridge Championships:
2355:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge
2151:North American Bridge Championships
2362:Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand
2066:Keohane North American Swiss Teams
14:
2393:List of contract bridge magazines
698:Optimum contract and par contract
494:Glossary of contract bridge terms
89:Most other boards played 7 times.
117:
2191:Smith Life Master Women's Pairs
1946:World Senior Teams Championship
1941:World Senior Pairs Championship
1916:World Junior Teams Championship
1911:World Junior Pairs Championship
1786:United States Bridge Federation
1781:South African Bridge Federation
1716:American Contract Bridge League
1252:Non-simultaneous double squeeze
2221:Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs
2086:Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs
2076:Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs
2016:Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs
1961:World Women Pairs Championship
1931:World Mixed Teams Championship
1926:World Mixed Pairs Championship
1426:List of contract bridge people
1034:Principle of restricted choice
1:
2341:Contract Bridge for Beginners
2280:List of contract bridge books
1936:World Open Pairs Championship
1618:List of bridge administrators
16:Match pointing scores formula
2226:Wagar Women's Knockout Teams
2111:Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams
2011:ACBL King or Queen of Bridge
1906:World IMP Pairs Championship
2206:Truscott Senior Swiss Teams
2141:Non-Life Master Swiss Teams
2121:Nail Life Master Open Pairs
2081:Machlin Women's Swiss Teams
2026:Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match
1776:Norwegian Bridge Federation
1761:Hungarian Bridge Federation
1726:Brazilian Bridge Federation
1711:American Bridge Association
1277:Simultaneous double squeeze
935:List of bidding conventions
143:the claims made and adding
2498:
2307:Terence Reese bibliography
2263:Publications and resources
1901:World Bridge Championships
1741:Canadian Bridge Federation
1731:Bridge Federation of India
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504:History of contract bridge
479:Duplicate bridge movements
2297:Edwin Kantar bibliography
2268:
2257:
2146:Norman Kay Platinum Pairs
1818:
1807:
1421:ACBL Youngest Life Master
1409:
1398:
962:
951:
728:Quantitative notrump bids
718:Principle of fast arrival
586:
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27:is a method of adjusting
2327:Bridge Squeezes Complete
2302:Hugh Kelsey bibliography
2031:Fall National Open Pairs
1404:People and organizations
509:Laws of Duplicate Bridge
2236:Whitehead Women's Pairs
2061:Jacoby Open Swiss Teams
1921:World Mind Sports Games
1791:World Bridge Federation
1746:Dutch Bridge Federation
1680:Galatasaray Bridge Team
974:List of play techniques
809:List of bidding systems
469:Contract bridge diagram
177:Mistaken objective: No
23:pairs tournaments, the
2369:Right Through the Pack
2101:Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs
1886:Triple crown of bridge
1861:Cavendish Invitational
1756:European Bridge League
1690:Portland Club (London)
1623:List of bridge writers
1292:Stepping-stone squeeze
1237:Entry-shifting squeeze
874:Kaplan–Sheinwold
778:Useful space principle
317:. English Bridge Union
293:. English Bridge Union
2181:Senior Knockout Teams
2176:Roth Open Swiss Teams
1736:British Bridge League
869:Highly unusual method
844:Bridge World Standard
86:Board played 6 times.
47:was not completed, or
2376:Tickets to the Devil
2171:Rockwell Mixed Pairs
2156:North American Pairs
2126:National 199er Pairs
2056:Hilliard Mixed Pairs
2051:Grand National Teams
1881:Senior Bowl (bridge)
1751:English Bridge Union
1685:Melville Bridge Club
713:Prepared opening bid
2437:Grand Slam (BBC TV)
2241:Young LM–1500 Pairs
2136:National 99er Pairs
2131:National 49er Pairs
2021:Bruce LM–5000 Pairs
1951:World Team Olympiad
1436:Bridge Headquarters
1282:Single-suit squeeze
1257:Progressive squeeze
1222:Criss-cross squeeze
678:Law of total tricks
549:Traveling scoreslip
2348:Design for Bidding
2285:Master Point Press
2231:Wernher Open Pairs
2186:Silodor Open Pairs
1970:National and Zonal
1665:Bridge Base Online
1445:Players by country
1324:Suit combinations:
1173:Morton's fork coup
919:Strong club system
738:Sacrifice (bridge)
683:Losing-Trick Count
603:Balancing (bridge)
539:Singaporean bridge
449:Cheating in bridge
429:Bridge Murder case
128:possibly contains
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2453:Bridge Base Basic
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2216:Vanderbilt Trophy
2116:Mott-Smith Trophy
2096:Master Individual
1997:Gold Cup (bridge)
1866:Computer Olympiad
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1798:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1267:Saturated squeeze
1153:Deschapelles coup
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914:Standard American
839:Bridge Base Basic
743:Shooting (bridge)
668:Honor point count
623:Bridge convention
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130:original research
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2161:Red Ribbon Pairs
2071:Lebhar IMP Pairs
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1704:Governing bodies
1411:
1400:
1352:Journalist leads
1331:Suit combination
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1247:Knockout squeeze
1217:Compound squeeze
1207:Cannibal squeeze
1202:Backwash squeeze
1197:
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1014:Grosvenor gambit
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814:2/1 game forcing
733:Reverse (bridge)
643:Five-card majors
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474:Duplicate bridge
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2406:Bridge d'Italia
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2292:Bibliographies:
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2041:Fishbein Trophy
2036:Fast Open Pairs
2003:
2002:
1965:
1896:WBF Youth Award
1834:
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1347:Forcing defense
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1143:Coup en passant
1133:Belladonna coup
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1069:Trump promotion
1024:Percentage play
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849:Canapé (bridge)
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673:Inverted minors
663:Hand evaluation
633:Convention card
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524:Neuberg formula
464:Contract bridge
459:Computer bridge
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1302:Triple squeeze
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1272:Simple squeeze
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1262:Pseudo-squeeze
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894:Precision Club
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824:Bidding system
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257:GĂ©rard Neuberg
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1362:Rule of 10-12
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1340:Defender play
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1178:Scissors coup
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1039:Probabilities
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419:Bridge-O-Rama
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126:This section
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69:
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26:
22:
2430:TV and Radio
2418:
2411:
2404:
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2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2289:
2046:Goren Trophy
2001:
1846:Bermuda Bowl
1382:Smith signal
1357:Opening lead
1321:
1312:Vice squeeze
1287:Squeeze play
1192:
1158:Devil's coup
1113:
1094:
1059:Smother play
1029:Pin (bridge)
994:Card reading
909:Säffle Spade
904:Romex system
879:Little Major
788:Weak two bid
783:Void (cards)
768:Three suiter
653:Forcing pass
523:
514:Masterpoints
439:Bridge whist
330:
319:. Retrieved
306:
295:. Retrieved
282:
268:
260:
240:
222:
178:
176:
159:
153:October 2022
150:
127:
65:
52:phantom pair
50:there was a
38:
34:
24:
18:
1977:Buffett Cup
1675:Crockford's
1644:Dallas Aces
1606:Other lists
1587:Switzerland
1557:New Zealand
1492:Netherlands
1188:Vienna coup
1109:Safety play
928:Conventions
889:Polish Club
854:Carrot Club
834:Boring Club
758:Strong pass
723:Psychic bid
648:Forcing bid
608:Bidding box
29:match point
2400:Magazines:
2091:Marcus Cup
1891:Venice Cup
1695:Savoy Club
1367:Rule of 11
1183:Trump coup
899:Roman Club
793:Zar Points
773:Two suiter
753:Stolen bid
693:Minor suit
688:Major suit
519:Minibridge
321:2017-02-15
297:2017-02-15
265:Other uses
137:improve it
109:Criticisms
2386:Magazines
2166:Reisinger
1649:Four Aces
1639:Blue Team
1452:Australia
1195:Squeezes:
1128:Bath coup
984:Beer card
957:Card play
829:Blue Club
444:Bridgette
141:verifying
2476:Category
2196:Spingold
1567:Pakistan
1472:Bulgaria
1074:Uppercut
1054:Shooting
864:Fantunes
703:Overcall
658:Game try
392:Overview
241:Rounding
179:a priori
45:movement
1823:General
1532:Ireland
1522:Hungary
1517:Germany
1507:Fiction
1502:England
1487:Denmark
1467:Britain
1457:Austria
1414:General
1104:Finesse
1019:Hold up
1004:Endplay
967:General
884:Moscito
802:Systems
708:Preempt
638:Cue bid
591:General
581:Bidding
559:Vugraph
489:Goulash
454:Chicago
402:General
250:scores.
135:Please
81:Example
62:Details
2314:Books:
1592:Taiwan
1582:Sweden
1577:Russia
1572:Poland
1562:Norway
1552:Monaco
1547:Mexico
1537:Israel
1512:France
1477:Canada
1462:Brazil
1377:Signal
1116:Coups:
1097:Basic:
1044:Revoke
534:Screen
2273:Books
1839:World
1658:Clubs
1632:Teams
1542:Italy
1527:India
1497:Egypt
1482:China
1064:Tempo
1009:Entry
989:Caddy
554:Trump
339:(PDF)
315:(PDF)
291:(PDF)
1138:Coup
1049:Ruff
999:Duck
859:EHAA
819:Acol
544:Suit
54:, or
43:the
139:by
19:In
2478::
372:e
365:t
358:v
341:.
324:.
300:.
225:.
183:.
166:)
160:(
155:)
151:(
133:.
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