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130:. Although, it is a benign condition, it is associated with cosmetic concerns and may also cause problems during breastfeeding. Hyperkeratosis may last indefinitely, if left untreated. The treatment consists of surgical methods or topical medications.
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of the nipple, areola or both. It is an uncommon skin condition, with only 150 reported cases to date. It may occur in both genders. However, 80% of the cases have been reported in females primarily within the
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126:, aggravates during pregnancy and subsides after delivery. Some cases have been reported in individuals who underwent
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Meyler's Side
Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions
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is a condition in which there is a development of a warty thickening and
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of the condition is unclear. In women, it usually occurs after
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Riley, Christopher A.; Badri, Talel; Hafsi, Wissem (2022),
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78:. It is dose-dependently induced as an effect of
209:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
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310:Adipomastia (lipomastia, pseudogynecomastia)
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203:"Hyperkeratosis Of The Nipple And Areola"
150:Hormones and Vitamins in Cancer Treatment
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174:Jeffrey K. Aronson (15 October 2015).
441:Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia
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147:Aurel Lupulescu (24 October 1990).
102:Hyperkeratosis of Nipple and Areola
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180:. Elsevier Science. pp. 2–.
16:Darkening of the nipple or areola
82:and can occur normally during
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153:. CRC Press. pp. 41–.
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345:Chronic cystic mastitis
340:Duct ectasia of breast
285:Granulomatous mastitis
301:Physiological changes
280:Nonpuerperal mastitis
116:third decade of life
64:areolar pigmentation
33:Areolar pigmentation
405:Nipple pigmentation
352:Dense breast tissue
70:(darkening) of the
60:Nipple pigmentation
25:Nipple pigmentation
335:Breast hypertrophy
330:Breast engorgement
290:Subareolar abscess
96:high-dose estrogen
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187:978-0-444-53716-4
160:978-0-8493-5973-6
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19:Medical condition
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393:Nipple discharge
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128:estrogen therapy
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498:Breast diseases
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426:Breast hematoma
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388:Inverted nipple
383:Cracked nipples
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120:pathophsiology
107:Hyperkeratosis
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503:Breastfeeding
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462:Fat necrosis
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398:Galactorrhea
357:Gynecomastia
268:Inflammation
218:, retrieved
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111:pigmentation
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68:pigmentation
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513:Gynaecology
436:Galactocele
431:Breast lump
421:Breast cyst
367:Micromastia
362:Mammoplasia
320:Anisomastia
92:side effect
44:Dermatology
30:Other names
492:Categories
220:2023-03-04
207:StatPearls
134:References
98:therapy.
84:pregnancy
80:estrogens
39:Specialty
508:Hormones
275:Mastitis
215:29083675
90:or as a
477:Tension
315:Amastia
124:puberty
518:Nipple
472:Ptosis
457:Amazia
414:Masses
376:Nipple
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76:areola
72:nipple
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450:Other
467:Pain
211:PMID
182:ISBN
155:ISBN
86:and
94:of
74:or
66:is
62:or
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