757:. Differences in pottery manufacture and burial customs found by archaeologists suggest the two groups had been isolated from each other for quite some time. The narratives record that the Pacaha and Casqui claimed they had been at war for many generations. The many years of fighting had led to a stalemate, where neither group was able to get the upper hand. Attacks were only carried out when the aggressor felt confident of success. The Pacaha controlled more territory and had a larger population than the Casqui. Chief Pacaha was younger than the Casqui chief, however, and seemingly had more to lose from the continued aggressive Casqui attacks.
648:. Shortly after infants were born, they were strapped to a special carrier which deformed their skulls as they grew. Many of the skeletal remains found at the Nodena site had deformed skulls, of the type defined as fronto-occipital deformation, flattening of the forehead and the back of the head. Of 123 skulls found by Dr. Hampson, only six could be considered "normal", meaning they did not show the signs of head deformation. The functioning of the brain is not affected by cranial deformation, but the overall shape of the skull bones is. This practice was performed by many Native American tribes into historic times, including the
489:
813:
warning of the planned attack and decided to return the looted items and issue an apology in order to stave off retribution from the combined
Spanish and Pacaha force. De Soto arranged a dinner for the two leaders and arranged a peace treaty between the two groups. As a gesture of gratitude for the arrangement of peace and also to outdo his rival, who had only presented a daughter to de Soto, Chief Pacaha presented de Soto with one of his wives, one of his sisters, and another woman from his tribe. The de Soto expedition stayed at Pacaha's village for approximately 40 days.
498:
507:
616:
480:
358:
331:
340:
349:
781:
706:
17:
107:
629:
598:
607:
804:
De Soto encountered the Casqui tribe first. When he pressed on to visit the Pacaha, many of the Casqui people followed him. Many of the Pacaha, seeing the approach of their enemy, fled to a fortified island in the river, with many drowning in the attempt. The Casqui who had followed de Soto proceeded
660:
Family cemeteries with burials occurring in groups of 15 to 20 or more were found at some Nodena phase sites. Burials were in the extended position, lying on their backs, with most oriented on a north–south axis. The Nodena phase people also left grave offerings for the afterlife with their deceased.
812:
De Soto contacted Chief Pacaha and convinced him that he had nothing to do with the attack and that the expedition's intentions were peaceful. De Soto even assured the Pacaha that the expedition would help the Pacaha attack the Casqui to punish them for their subterfuge. The Casqui received advance
221:
and was occupied from 1350 to 1541 CE. It features a large mound and village, as well as a cemetery area. The site was excavated by amateur archaeologist Leo O. Anderson and
Professor Carl Chapman from 1954 to 1968, they published the first material on the site in 1955. The site has yielded the
862:
Attempts have been made to link the Nodena people to historic groups by analyzing words recorded in the de Soto narratives and pottery from archaeological sites. Because of their presence in the area, the Quapaw were long considered a viable candidate. More recent analysis has focused on the
99:
323:
image on the effigy head pot pictured), although it is rare in Nodena pottery. Women were probably the makers of pottery, as in most other Native
American cultures. The grave of a woman at the Nodena site contained 11 polishing pebbles and a mushroom shaped pottery
290:
shell as a tempering agent, and is not as smooth and polished as other varieties. Other examples found there are much finer, with a finer ground shell as a temper, some instances being so finely ground as to look untempered. Shapes and decoration were varied in the
469:. Two different types of Nodena points were made, the Nodena Elliptical and the Nodena Banks varieties. The Banks variety has a straight base, as opposed to the bi-point shape of the Nodena Elliptical. The Banks variety is named for the
816:
The
Hernando de Soto expedition records are the only historical records of Chief Pacaha and his people. Their later history remains uncertain. By the time of the next documented European presence in the area in 1673 by the
3008:
900:
661:
Graves included a bowl and a bottle near the heads of the deceased, usually of the finer variety of effigy pottery. Sometimes tools were also included, as one woman's grave contained pottery making implements.
837:
and the upsetting of the local balance of power by the
Spaniards is thought to have contributed to the depopulation of the region described by the de Soto expedition as the most populous they had seen in
410:, spear points, and arrow heads. A popular arrow head style is known as the Nodena point, a delicate leaf like shape. Sandstone was also ground and polished into a discoidal shape for use in the game of
733:. The archaeological and ethnohistorical records suggest that the groups were rival or politically allied polities, with no neutral parties, engaged in internecine conquest warfare. The presence of
809:, and steal everything they could. Approximately one hundred and fifty Pacaha warriors were decapitated and their heads placed on poles outside the temple, replacing the heads of Casqui warriors.
1308:
299:
vessels depicting human heads, animals, and hunters and their prey. Pottery made by the Nodena people was built up from strips of clay, and then smoothed out by the potter, much like other
4015:
4086:
3041:
846:
In Aquixo, and Casqui, and Pacaha, they saw the best villages seen up to that time, better stockaded and fortified, and the people were of finer quality, excepting those of
551:. The Spaniards described groves of wild fruit and nut bearing trees, implying that the Nodena must have left them standing when clearing other trees for the cultivation of
1461:
2204:
1301:
3063:
1340:
319:
for black were used to paint the pottery, with a red on white swastika design being particularly popular. Sometimes incising was used (an example is the incised
3584:
2194:
4127:
4122:
232:(3 M 55) - also known as the Blytheville Mound, Chickasaw Mound, Gosnell Place and the Big Mound. Added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
4060:
2237:
1294:
3689:
1127:
246:
that is the largest and most intact Late
Mississippian Nodena phase village site within the Central Mississippi Valley. It also shows evidence of later
3759:
3549:
3034:
2247:
3654:
681:
were in the area at the time of the de Soto
Entrada, and the related group of phases present in the region may have all been Tunican speakers, with
3449:
1868:
1864:
697:. Attempts have been made to connect pottery styles and words from the de Soto narratives with historic tribes, but have so far been unsuccessful.
1013:
3524:
3459:
3439:
1320:
3664:
1509:
1431:
1185:
86:
Expedition is believed to have visited several sites in the Nodena phase in the early 1540s, which is usually identified as the
Province of
3027:
1708:
4117:
4045:
4020:
4000:
3434:
2882:
1886:
1698:
1673:
1605:
1451:
3794:
3574:
3399:
2006:
1635:
1610:
1514:
123:
53:
1052:
944:
3539:
2451:
1688:
4040:
4005:
3970:
3809:
3679:
3529:
3484:
2958:
1796:
1529:
890:
754:
488:
65:
3950:
3744:
3719:
3639:
3331:
3075:
2471:
2036:
1421:
1411:
641:
61:
1266:
417:
Nodena points are an exquisitely made willow leaf-shaped flint blades named for the Nodena site that are diagnostic of the
2788:
2540:
2416:
2179:
1991:
1539:
1476:
1456:
277:
3955:
3504:
2819:
2798:
2357:
2317:
2101:
1723:
1678:
1585:
1554:
1093:
880:
741:
and the absence of isolated single-family dwellings and smaller hamlets among the local phases suggests such a state of
678:
151:
222:
largest number of
Spanish artifacts of any prehistoric site in Southeastern Missouri. Finds at the site included glass
4050:
3819:
3404:
3389:
3263:
2751:
2725:
2550:
2486:
2436:
1761:
1728:
1335:
1233:
1044:
895:
547:. The de Soto chroniclers described the area as being under heavy cultivation, and the most populous they had seen in
497:
375:
214:
3659:
3414:
2347:
2232:
2214:
2066:
2001:
1248:
1204:
797:
3829:
2106:
1436:
1036:
932:
745:
existed. According to the de Soto narratives, Pacaha had been at war for some time with a neighboring group, the
418:
181:
171:
1615:
3764:
3619:
3589:
3148:
2510:
2282:
2252:
1986:
1177:
506:
1131:
44:
which dates from about 1400–1650 CE. The Nodena phase is known from a collection of villages along the
4055:
3789:
3779:
3739:
3614:
3346:
3281:
2968:
2778:
2658:
2605:
2555:
2466:
2141:
2136:
2096:
1228:(1994). "The Art of War in the Sixteenth Century Central Mississippi Valley". In Patricia B. Kwachka (ed.).
1107:
615:
300:
197:(3 Ct 7). The Bradley Site and its nearby cluster of towns and villages (3 Ct 9, 3 Ct 43, 3 Ct 14, 3 Ct 17,
1791:
722:
3724:
3444:
3291:
3234:
3168:
3153:
2951:
2633:
2199:
1931:
1683:
1668:
1595:
968:
446:
167:
4112:
3918:
3852:
3799:
3694:
3361:
3326:
3316:
3257:
2184:
1926:
1891:
1534:
1324:
885:
479:
243:
127:
41:
3594:
1746:
937:
Nodena-An account of 90 years of archaeological investigation in southeast
Mississippi County, Arkansas
726:
636:
showing a Chinookans woman with a deformed skull and an infant in a cradle designed to deform the skull
357:
177:
3489:
3341:
3213:
2998:
2921:
2116:
1951:
1481:
1426:
769:
239:
163:
29:
1590:
330:
251:
3980:
3276:
3203:
3178:
3143:
3123:
2926:
2887:
2834:
2585:
2535:
2520:
2456:
2441:
2394:
2156:
2046:
1876:
1776:
1663:
2761:
1225:
705:
339:
194:
98:
4065:
3877:
3609:
3604:
3464:
3311:
3247:
3228:
3163:
3158:
3090:
2973:
2615:
2530:
2431:
2384:
2287:
2267:
2174:
2091:
2026:
1961:
1369:
3183:
1152:
470:
371:
198:
16:
4091:
3892:
3599:
3356:
3336:
3118:
3050:
2824:
2814:
2720:
2575:
2461:
2426:
2374:
2342:
2307:
2302:
2242:
2224:
2189:
2131:
2081:
2041:
1956:
1751:
1713:
1658:
1441:
1404:
1181:
1048:
940:
818:
686:
556:
407:
348:
255:
229:
159:
49:
45:
1286:
4035:
3872:
3824:
3774:
3714:
3629:
3554:
3544:
3519:
3474:
3321:
3271:
3252:
3242:
3193:
3188:
2856:
2851:
2839:
2783:
2773:
2600:
2404:
2322:
2257:
1966:
1813:
1786:
1756:
1559:
1549:
785:
780:
765:
750:
674:
425:
periods over a large section of the American Midwest and South. Examples have been found in
383:
147:
119:
115:
83:
69:
250:
occupation. Like many Mississippian settlements, it is located on the bank of a river, the
3928:
3882:
3634:
3579:
3569:
3429:
3351:
3208:
3138:
3133:
3113:
3080:
2963:
2904:
2861:
2844:
2829:
2590:
2560:
2292:
2056:
2021:
2011:
1971:
1693:
1640:
1600:
1524:
1486:
1359:
1319:
742:
670:
645:
4010:
3995:
3985:
3887:
3624:
3454:
3409:
3306:
3218:
3173:
3003:
2936:
2931:
2866:
2648:
2515:
2362:
2086:
1936:
1911:
1901:
1416:
682:
528:
259:
4106:
3867:
3862:
3754:
3704:
3699:
3684:
3674:
3669:
3419:
3296:
3108:
3085:
2946:
2766:
2695:
2653:
2610:
2570:
2545:
2399:
2332:
2327:
2297:
2146:
2121:
2031:
1981:
1896:
1833:
1766:
1519:
1466:
1374:
1247:
Smith, Marvin T. (1994). "Aboriginal Depopulation in the Post Contact Southeast". In
864:
822:
806:
576:
568:
304:
4070:
4025:
3975:
3965:
3945:
3913:
3814:
3769:
3749:
3534:
3514:
3479:
3394:
3379:
3198:
3070:
2993:
2793:
2756:
2625:
2525:
2476:
2379:
2337:
2111:
2076:
1941:
1916:
1843:
1828:
1818:
1718:
1703:
1620:
1575:
988:
847:
761:
718:
714:
426:
422:
223:
3923:
3804:
3784:
3649:
3509:
3499:
3384:
3128:
2894:
2746:
2690:
2638:
2352:
2209:
1996:
1906:
1850:
1801:
1580:
1471:
1446:
1399:
1384:
1270:
1253:
The Forgotten Centuries-Indians and Europeans in the American South 1521 to 1704
1174:
Stone Age Spear and Arrow Points of the Midcontinental and Eastern United States
868:
789:
730:
473:, near Wapanocca Lake (see illustration for distribution and diagram of types).
395:
139:
106:
1068:
370:
Nodena phase peoples traded with other groups to the west and northwest in the
3960:
3857:
3729:
3644:
3559:
3469:
3019:
2643:
2595:
2565:
2505:
2312:
2071:
1881:
1823:
1781:
1771:
1625:
1504:
628:
584:
523:
agriculture, as well as other food crops originating in the Americas, such as
403:
379:
235:
64:
and were members of a continent wide trade and religious network known as the
3734:
3564:
2715:
2705:
2685:
2580:
2389:
2277:
2169:
1946:
1630:
1544:
633:
597:
544:
532:
442:
430:
391:
143:
1267:"A narrative of de Soto's Expedition based on the diary of Rodrigo Ranjel"
606:
226:, a Clarksdale bell, iron knife fragments and part of a brass book binder.
166:, archaeologist and owner of the plantation on which the site is located.
3933:
3897:
3847:
3709:
3494:
2941:
2909:
2126:
2051:
1394:
1389:
830:
793:
749:. The Casqui are thought to have had their principal town at a site near
734:
690:
560:
458:
454:
316:
312:
292:
218:
205:
capital and the other nearby villages visited by the de Soto expedition.
37:
33:
805:
to sack the village, desecrate the temple and the remains of the Pacaha
3940:
3424:
3301:
3223:
2916:
2899:
2730:
2710:
2164:
2061:
1379:
834:
689:
and the beginning of the historic period, the area was occupied by the
649:
580:
572:
466:
462:
450:
411:
378:
areas for usable stone to make tools. Because of the conditions of the
155:
1108:"National Register of Historic Places-Arkansas(AR)-Mississippi County"
1039:(1990). "The Nodena Phase". In Dye, David H.; Cox, Cheryl Ann (eds.).
960:
3286:
2497:
2367:
2016:
1921:
826:
746:
694:
588:
564:
536:
434:
387:
308:
296:
295:
pottery, from brightly colored abstract spiral designs, to elaborate
287:
247:
202:
87:
1230:
Perspectives on the Southeast-Linguistics, Archaeology, Ethnohistory
901:
List of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition
685:
speakers to their west and south. But by the time of later European
995:. Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism, Division of State Parks
114:
Nodena phase sites are found in three geographic subdistricts: the
4030:
2700:
2446:
1976:
1838:
779:
704:
627:
552:
540:
524:
520:
399:
80:
73:
57:
15:
286:
variety. It was buff colored, contains large fragments of ground
3990:
738:
438:
320:
3023:
1290:
461:, protohistoric Quapaw sites in Arkansas, as well as sites in
772:, now identified as the Belle Meade and Walls phase peoples.
102:
Artists conception of the Nodena site ca. 1539, by Herb Roe
162:. The Nodena site was discovered and first documented by
193:
The largest site in the Wapanocca Lake district is the
760:
Other groups mentioned in the narratives were clearly
709:
Capital of the Casqui Province, illustration by H. Roe
825:
expedition, the region was populated sparsely by the
713:
Other contemporaneous groups in the area include the
1014:"National Museum of the American Indian:Item detail"
3906:
3838:
3370:
3099:
2875:
2807:
2739:
2678:
2671:
2624:
2496:
2485:
2415:
2266:
2223:
2155:
1863:
1737:
1649:
1568:
1495:
1358:
1349:
1153:"Archaeology at Eaker-Blytheville Research Station"
1031:
1029:
939:. Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series.
382:where they lived, no stone was available locally.
282:Most pottery found at the Nodena sites is of the
20:The Nodena phase and some of its associated sites
1199:
1197:
1128:"National Historic Landmarks Program-Eaker Site"
829:. The introduction of European diseases such as
519:The people of Nodena were intensely involved in
844:
764:of the Pacaha polity. Two such groups were the
1220:
1218:
1088:Michael John O'Brien; W. Raymond Wood (1998).
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
262:, although it is rumored to have once had one.
3035:
1302:
796:, up to the point de Soto died, based on the
539:. They also gathered wild foodstuffs such as
8:
993:Archeological Collection of Nodena Artifacts
394:were turned into a variety of tools such as
76:shells, and other exotic goods to the area.
258:. The Eaker site is large but has no known
3042:
3028:
3020:
2675:
2493:
1355:
1309:
1295:
1287:
3550:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
989:"Hampson Archeological Museum State Park"
640:The people of the Nodena phase practiced
201:) are considered good candidates for the
965:Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies
217:(23 Pm 5) - The site is in southeastern
105:
97:
1041:Towns and Temples Along the Mississippi
911:
652:, although it later fell out of favor.
593:
475:
326:
303:in the Eastern America area where the
146:for the Nodena phase, located east of
1209:Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun
701:Relationship with neighboring peoples
575:was practiced as well as fishing for
170:from this site are on display in the
7:
669:The peoples of Nodena were probably
4128:Native American history of Missouri
4123:Native American history of Arkansas
4021:Norse colonization of North America
753:at the location of the present-day
1325:Mississippian and related cultures
14:
871:valley by the late 17th century.
1318:
1251:; Carmen Chaves, Tesser (eds.).
614:
605:
596:
505:
496:
487:
478:
356:
347:
338:
329:
4041:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
2959:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
891:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
867:, who were living in the Lower
755:Parkin Archeological State Park
677:speaking. It is known that the
66:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
1341:Timeline of Mississippi valley
1255:. University of Georgia Press.
1211:. University of Georgia Press.
642:artificial cranial deformation
62:artificial cranial deformation
1:
2541:Grand Village of the Illinois
278:Mississippian culture pottery
4006:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
3956:Eastern Agricultural Complex
2318:Grand Village of the Natchez
1094:University of Missouri Press
961:"The Virtual Hampson Museum"
881:History of the Tunica people
856:RODRIGO RANJEL 1547–49
3390:Bandelier National Monument
3264:List of Mississippian sites
3051:Pre-Columbian North America
1336:List of Mississippian sites
1234:University of Georgia Press
1045:University of Alabama Press
896:List of Mississippian sites
776:Effects of European contact
215:Campbell Archeological Site
56:. They practiced extensive
4144:
4118:Late Mississippian culture
3810:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
3415:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
3124:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
1090:The prehistory of Missouri
967:. University of Arkansas,
737:, earthen embankments and
402:, abraders, hammerstones,
275:
189:Wapanocca Lake subdistrict
4079:
4051:Three Sisters agriculture
3057:
2986:
1331:
788:expedition route through
307:was unknown. Slips using
180:(3 Ms 78) - excavated by
172:Hampson Museum State Park
142:- The Nodena site is the
134:Wilson-Joiner subdistrict
3590:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
3149:Buttermilk Creek complex
2253:Naval Live Oaks Cemetery
1178:Indiana University Press
1172:Noel D. Justice (1995).
284:Mississippian Bell Plain
3790:Town Creek Indian Mound
3760:Sierra de San Francisco
3615:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
2883:Ballgame (Southeastern)
2779:Long-nosed god maskette
2659:SunWatch Indian Village
2606:Roche-a-Cri Petroglyphs
2467:Ka-Do-Ha Indian Village
315:for red, and sometimes
238:(3 Ms 105) - A site on
209:Blytheville subdistrict
3445:Coso Rock Art District
3332:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
3235:List of Hopewell sites
2634:Alligator Effigy Mound
2248:Hickory Ridge Cemetery
2200:Leon-Jefferson culture
1596:Caborn-Welborn culture
1069:"Campbell Site, 23PM5"
969:Fayetteville, Arkansas
860:
801:
710:
637:
447:Caborn-Welborn culture
111:
103:
21:
3853:Arlington Springs Man
3695:Portsmouth Earthworks
1363:and Upper Mississippi
886:Mississippian culture
783:
708:
631:
244:Blytheville, Arkansas
109:
101:
42:Mississippian culture
19:
4061:Transoceanic contact
3951:Container Revolution
3525:Gila Cliff Dwellings
3490:Etowah Indian Mounds
2922:Earth/fertility cult
2626:Fort Ancient culture
1510:Dogtooth Bend Mounds
1496:Lower Ohio River and
1482:Steed-Kisker culture
1180:. pp. 230–232.
687:contact in the 1670s
515:Agriculture and food
380:floodplain geography
240:Eaker Air Force Base
164:Dr. James K. Hampson
30:archaeological phase
3981:Green Corn Ceremony
3795:Turkey River Mounds
3585:Lake Jackson Mounds
3405:Blue Spring Shelter
2927:Green Corn Ceremony
2487:Upper Mississippian
2437:Blue Spring Shelter
2157:Fort Walton culture
1611:Hovey Lake District
632:Painting by artist
4066:Underwater panther
3740:Rosenstock Village
3610:Marmes Rockshelter
3595:L'Anse aux Meadows
3009:de Soto Expedition
2974:Underwater panther
2820:Central Algonquian
2531:Fisher Mound Group
2175:Apalachee Province
2142:Waddells Mill Pond
1205:Hudson, Charles M.
1047:. pp. 69–97.
802:
784:A map showing the
711:
638:
419:Late Mississippian
408:mortar and pestles
152:Mississippi County
112:
104:
94:Settlement pattern
22:
4100:
4099:
4092:Pre-Columbian era
3893:Spirit Cave mummy
3690:Plum Bayou Mounds
3600:Lynch Quarry Site
3119:Ancient Beringian
3017:
3016:
2982:
2981:
2667:
2666:
2283:Atchafalaya Basin
2225:Pensacola culture
2190:Fort Walton Mound
2082:Punk Rock Shelter
2042:Mouse Creek phase
1865:South Appalachian
1859:
1858:
1738:Central and Lower
1679:Castalian Springs
1669:Brentwood Library
1569:Middle Ohio River
1422:Emerald Acropolis
1187:978-0-253-20985-6
798:Charles M. Hudson
727:Belle Meade phase
555:. The hunting of
256:St. Francis Basin
230:Chickasawba Mound
182:Clarence B. Moore
160:Mississippi River
110:Chickasawba Mound
50:Missouri Bootheel
46:Mississippi River
36:and southeastern
4135:
4036:Projectile point
3873:Leanderthal Lady
3800:Upward Sun River
3775:Stallings Island
3765:Shell ring sites
3715:Recapture Canyon
3630:Moorehead Circle
3475:El Fin del Mundo
3460:Cueva de la Olla
3266:
3253:Maritime Archaic
3237:
3067:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3021:
2784:Mill Creek chert
2774:Duck River cache
2676:
2494:
2258:Pensacola people
2052:Muscogee (Creek)
1892:Bell Field Mound
1606:Hovey Lake-Klein
1560:Wickliffe Mounds
1535:Rowlandton Mound
1452:Lunsford-Pulcher
1356:
1323:
1322:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1269:. Archived from
1263:
1257:
1256:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1130:. Archived from
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
985:
979:
978:
976:
975:
957:
951:
950:
929:
858:
624:Head deformation
618:
609:
600:
509:
500:
491:
482:
360:
351:
342:
333:
178:Pecan Point site
148:Wilson, Arkansas
84:Hernando de Soto
68:, which brought
60:agriculture and
4143:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4087:Genetic history
4075:
3929:Ceremonial pipe
3902:
3883:Minnesota Woman
3840:
3834:
3655:Ocmulgee Mounds
3635:Morrison Mounds
3580:Kolomoki Mounds
3570:Kimball Village
3430:Candelaria Cave
3372:
3366:
3347:Suwannee Valley
3282:Old Cordilleran
3262:
3233:
3101:
3095:
3061:
3053:
3048:
3018:
3013:
2999:Clarksdale bell
2978:
2964:Stone box grave
2905:Ceremonial pipe
2871:
2830:Mobilian Jargon
2803:
2735:
2663:
2620:
2488:
2481:
2418:
2411:
2269:
2262:
2219:
2151:
2097:Rucker's Bottom
1887:Beaverdam Creek
1867:
1855:
1739:
1733:
1694:Hiwassee Island
1651:
1645:
1636:Welborn Village
1564:
1525:Millstone Bluff
1498:Confluence area
1497:
1491:
1487:Sugarloaf Mound
1427:Emmons Cemetery
1362:
1360:American Bottom
1351:
1345:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1285:
1276:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1249:Charles, Hudson
1246:
1245:
1241:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1007:
998:
996:
987:
986:
982:
973:
971:
959:
958:
954:
947:
931:
930:
913:
909:
877:
859:
854:
778:
743:endemic warfare
703:
667:
658:
646:head flattening
626:
619:
610:
601:
517:
510:
501:
492:
483:
376:Ozark Highlands
372:Crowley's Ridge
368:
366:Lithic industry
361:
352:
343:
334:
280:
274:
269:
211:
191:
184:in 1910 or 1911
136:
96:
12:
11:
5:
4141:
4139:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4105:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4011:Mound Builders
4008:
4003:
3998:
3996:Medicine wheel
3993:
3988:
3986:Horned Serpent
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3725:Roberts Island
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3660:Old Stone Fort
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3625:Moaning Cavern
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3575:Kincaid Mounds
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3455:Cuarenta Casas
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3410:Bluefish Caves
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3371:Archaeological
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3169:Caloosahatchee
3166:
3161:
3156:
3154:Caborn-Welborn
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3100:Archaeological
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3024:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3004:Mound Builders
3001:
2996:
2991:
2990:Related topics
2987:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2952:Village bundle
2944:
2939:
2937:Platform mound
2934:
2932:Horned Serpent
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2799:Stone statuary
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2649:Leo Petroglyph
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2586:Moccasin Bluff
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2536:Gentleman Farm
2533:
2528:
2523:
2521:Carcajou Point
2518:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2491:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2452:Caddoan Mounds
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2238:Dauphin Island
2235:
2229:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1912:Bussell Island
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:Beasley Mounds
1661:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1515:Kincaid Mounds
1512:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1432:Horseshoe Lake
1429:
1424:
1419:
1417:Dickson Mounds
1414:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1284:
1283:
1258:
1239:
1214:
1193:
1186:
1164:
1144:
1119:
1099:
1096:. p. 335.
1080:
1060:
1053:
1025:
1005:
980:
952:
945:
910:
908:
905:
904:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
876:
873:
852:
777:
774:
702:
699:
691:Dhegiha Siouan
666:
663:
657:
656:Burial customs
654:
625:
622:
621:
620:
613:
611:
604:
602:
595:
557:whitetail deer
516:
513:
512:
511:
504:
502:
495:
493:
486:
484:
477:
367:
364:
363:
362:
355:
353:
346:
344:
337:
335:
328:
276:Main article:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
263:
252:Pemiscot Bayou
233:
227:
210:
207:
190:
187:
186:
185:
175:
135:
132:
130:subdistricts.
124:Wapanocca Lake
95:
92:
54:Wapanocca Lake
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4140:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3971:Falcon dancer
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:Miscellaneous
3905:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3878:Melbourne Man
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3868:La Brea Woman
3866:
3864:
3863:Kennewick Man
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3755:Serpent Mound
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3705:Pueblo Bonito
3703:
3701:
3700:Poverty Point
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Pinson Mounds
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3675:Painted Bluff
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3555:Horr's Island
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3485:Effigy Mounds
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:Crystal River
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3362:Weeden Island
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3327:Safety Harbor
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:Poverty Point
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3297:Paleo-Indians
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3258:Mississippian
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2947:Sacred bundle
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2767:Wulfing cache
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2752:Copper plates
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Three Sisters
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2696:Little barley
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2654:Serpent Mound
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2616:Summer Island
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2419:Mississippian
2414:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2270:Mississippian
2265:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:Corbin–Tucker
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:Roods Landing
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:Moccasin Bend
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:Hoojah Branch
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1869:Mississippian
1866:
1862:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1792:Menard-Hodges
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1729:Swallow Bluff
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1650:Tennessee and
1648:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:Marshall Site
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1352:Mississippian
1348:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1273:on 2009-03-17
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1165:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1134:on 2009-08-13
1133:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1054:0-8173-0455-X
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1015:
1009:
1006:
994:
990:
984:
981:
970:
966:
962:
956:
953:
948:
946:1-56349-057-9
942:
938:
934:
933:Morse, Dan F.
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
912:
906:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
874:
872:
870:
866:
865:Tunica people
857:
851:
849:
843:
841:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
814:
810:
808:
799:
795:
791:
787:
782:
775:
773:
771:
767:
763:
762:vassal states
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
707:
700:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
664:
662:
655:
653:
651:
647:
643:
635:
630:
623:
617:
612:
608:
603:
599:
594:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:alligator gar
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
514:
508:
503:
499:
494:
490:
485:
481:
476:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:Protohistoric
420:
415:
413:
409:
406:, drillbits,
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
365:
359:
354:
350:
345:
341:
336:
332:
327:
325:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:potters wheel
302:
298:
294:
289:
285:
279:
271:
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
224:chevron beads
220:
216:
213:
212:
208:
206:
204:
200:
196:
188:
183:
179:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
138:
137:
133:
131:
129:
125:
121:
117:
108:
100:
93:
91:
89:
85:
82:
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
18:
4113:Nodena Phase
4071:Water glyphs
4026:Oasisamerica
4016:N.A.G.P.R.A.
3976:Folsom point
3966:Effigy mound
3946:Clovis point
3914:Aridoamerica
3815:Wickiup Hill
3770:Spiro Mounds
3750:Salmon Ruins
3745:Russell Cave
3540:Helen Blazes
3535:Grimes Point
3515:Fort Juelson
3505:Fort Ancient
3480:El Vallecito
3440:Chaco Canyon
3380:Angel Mounds
3342:Steed-Kisker
3292:Paleo-Arctic
3214:Glacial Kame
3199:Fort Ancient
3091:Post-Classic
3062:
2994:Chevron bead
2900:Burial mound
2794:Shell gorget
2762:Spiro plates
2757:Rogan plates
2576:Knoll Spring
2551:Hartley Fort
2511:Beattie Park
2395:Transylvania
2233:Bottle Creek
2195:Lake Jackson
2077:Pisgah phase
2007:Little Egypt
1957:Garden Creek
1942:Dallas phase
1829:Tipton phase
1807:Nodena phase
1806:
1704:Mound Bottom
1689:Fewkes Group
1674:Brick Church
1576:Angel Mounds
1442:Kuhn Station
1437:John Chapman
1275:. Retrieved
1271:the original
1261:
1252:
1242:
1229:
1226:David H. Dye
1208:
1173:
1167:
1156:. Retrieved
1147:
1136:. Retrieved
1132:the original
1122:
1111:. Retrieved
1102:
1089:
1083:
1072:. Retrieved
1063:
1040:
1017:. Retrieved
1008:
997:. Retrieved
992:
983:
972:. Retrieved
964:
955:
936:
861:
855:
848:Cofitachequi
845:
839:
815:
811:
807:honored dead
803:
759:
723:Menard phase
719:Tipton phase
715:Parkin phase
712:
668:
659:
639:
548:
518:
427:Dallas phase
416:
369:
283:
281:
195:Bradley site
192:
158:bend of the
113:
78:
48:between the
40:of the Late
26:Nodena phase
25:
23:
4056:Thunderbird
3924:Black drink
3888:Peñon woman
3825:Winterville
3805:Velda Mound
3785:Taos Pueblo
3680:Parkin Park
3665:Orwell site
3650:Nodena site
3545:Holly Bluff
3520:Four Mounds
3510:Fort Center
3435:Casa Grande
3385:Anzick site
3277:Monongahela
3204:Fort Walton
3179:Coles Creek
3144:Belle Glade
3129:Anishinaabe
2969:Thunderbird
2895:Black drink
2747:Emmons mask
2691:Chenopodium
2679:Agriculture
2601:Plum Island
2556:Hotel Plaza
2405:Winterville
2385:Scott Place
2323:Holly Bluff
2243:Fort Walton
1997:Lamar phase
1851:Walls phase
1747:Belle Meade
1740:Mississippi
1684:Dunbar Cave
1586:Annis Mound
1581:Angel phase
1555:Ware Mounds
1550:Twin Mounds
1400:Ramey state
1385:Monks Mound
869:Yazoo River
800:map of 1997
790:Mississippi
731:Walls phase
398:, chisels,
311:for white,
140:Nodena site
128:Blytheville
32:in eastern
4107:Categories
4001:Metallurgy
3961:Eden point
3858:Buhl Woman
3730:Rock Eagle
3720:River Styx
3645:Mummy Cave
3640:Moundville
3620:Mesa Verde
3605:Marksville
3352:Tchefuncte
3312:Plaquemine
3248:Las Palmas
3164:Calf Creek
3159:Cades Pond
2706:Marshelder
2591:Oak Forest
2561:Hoxie Farm
2375:Pocahontas
2268:Plaquemine
2205:Letchworth
2137:Town Creek
2072:Park Mound
2037:Moundville
2022:Mandeville
2012:Long Swamp
1972:Jere Shine
1824:Quigualtam
1772:Chucalissa
1659:Backusburg
1652:Cumberland
1641:Yankeetown
1626:Slack Farm
1601:Ellerbusch
1505:Adams site
1412:Cloverdale
1277:2010-01-08
1158:2009-05-31
1138:2009-05-31
1113:2010-01-06
1074:2010-01-01
1037:Morse, Dan
1019:2010-01-06
999:2010-01-08
974:2010-01-08
907:References
840:La Florida
549:La Florida
545:persimmons
533:sunflowers
471:Banks site
236:Eaker site
199:Banks site
174:in Wilson.
126:, and the
4046:Stickball
3735:Rock Hawk
3565:Key Marco
3357:Troyville
3337:St. Johns
3322:Red Ocher
3081:Formative
2835:Muskogean
2808:Languages
2721:Sunflower
2581:Mero site
2516:Blood Run
2170:Apalachee
2117:Summerour
2057:Nacoochee
1814:Owl Creek
1709:Riverview
1699:Link Farm
1591:Bone Bank
1545:Turk Site
1540:Towosahgy
1405:Woodhenge
819:Marquette
735:palisades
693:speaking
634:Paul Kane
449:sites in
443:Wisconsin
437:sites in
431:Tennessee
429:sites in
392:sandstone
168:Artifacts
144:type site
3934:Chanunpa
3919:Ballgame
3898:Vero man
3848:Anzick-1
3820:Windover
3780:SunWatch
3710:Rassawek
3530:Glenwood
3420:Brewster
3272:Mogollon
3243:La Jolla
3229:Hopewell
3189:Deptford
3102:cultures
2942:Red Horn
2910:Chanunpa
2888:Northern
2876:Religion
2857:Timucuan
2825:Cherokee
2611:Schwerdt
2571:Juntunen
2546:Griesmer
2489:cultures
2442:Bluffton
2328:Jaketown
2293:Fitzhugh
2147:Wilbanks
2127:Tomotley
2102:Savannah
2067:Ocmulgee
2047:Mulberry
1982:Joe Bell
1902:Biltmore
1897:Bessemer
1762:Campbell
1724:Old Town
1530:Orr-Herl
1467:Orendorf
1462:Mitchell
1395:Mound 72
1390:Mound 34
1375:Big Eddy
1207:(1997).
935:(1973).
875:See also
853:—
831:smallpox
794:Arkansas
770:Quizquiz
768:and the
665:Language
561:squirrel
459:Kentucky
455:Illinois
317:graphite
313:hematite
293:mortuary
219:Missouri
38:Missouri
34:Arkansas
4083:Related
3941:Chunkey
3841:remains
3830:Wupatki
3670:Paquime
3560:Huápoca
3425:Cahokia
3395:Bastian
3302:Patayan
3224:Hohokam
3209:Fremont
3184:ComondĂş
3139:Baytown
3134:Avonlea
3114:Alachua
3086:Classic
3076:Archaic
3064:Periods
2917:Chunkey
2862:Tunican
2840:Natchez
2815:Caddoan
2789:Pottery
2740:Artwork
2731:Tobacco
2711:Pumpkin
2672:Culture
2526:Fifield
2457:Gahagan
2432:Belcher
2417:Caddoan
2400:Venable
2363:Natchez
2348:Mazique
2303:Fosters
2298:Flowery
2288:Emerald
2165:Anhaica
2122:Taskigi
2087:Rembert
2062:Nikwasi
2027:McMahan
2002:Liddell
1877:Adamson
1787:Janet's
1777:Denmark
1752:Boone's
1714:Sellars
1621:Prather
1380:Cahokia
1370:Aztalan
835:measles
823:Jolliet
786:de Soto
683:Caddoan
671:Tunican
650:Choctaw
589:mussels
581:catfish
573:mallard
467:Florida
463:Alabama
451:Indiana
412:chunkey
301:pottery
272:Pottery
267:Culture
254:in the
156:meander
81:Spanish
3500:Folsom
3465:Cutler
3400:Benson
3287:Oneota
3219:Glades
3194:Folsom
3174:Clovis
3071:Lithic
2852:Siouan
2845:Taensa
2716:Squash
2639:Clover
2498:Oneota
2472:Keller
2462:Hughes
2427:Battle
2368:Taensa
2353:Medora
2343:Mangum
2338:Julice
2333:Jordan
2180:Cayson
2112:Sixtoe
2107:Shiloh
2017:Mabila
1952:Etowah
1932:Citico
1922:Chiaha
1917:Chauga
1834:Tunica
1819:Parkin
1802:Nodena
1797:Murphy
1767:Carson
1616:Murphy
1472:Sleeth
1457:McCune
1447:Larson
1350:Middle
1184:
1051:
943:
827:Quapaw
792:, and
766:Aquixo
751:Parkin
747:Casqui
695:Quapaw
679:Tunica
675:Siouan
587:, and
571:, and
569:turkey
565:rabbit
541:pecans
537:gourds
529:squash
465:, and
457:, and
435:Oneota
390:, and
388:basalt
324:anvil.
321:raptor
309:galena
297:effigy
288:mussel
248:Quapaw
203:Pacaha
122:, the
120:Joiner
116:Wilson
88:Pacaha
28:is an
4031:Piasa
3839:Human
3470:Eaker
3373:sites
3307:Plano
3109:Adena
2867:Yuchi
2701:Maize
2686:Beans
2644:Dodge
2596:Palos
2566:Huber
2506:Anker
2477:Spiro
2447:Caddo
2380:Routh
2313:Glass
2308:Ghost
2210:Velda
2132:Toqua
1992:Lamar
1977:Joara
1967:Irene
1937:Coosa
1927:Chota
1907:Blair
1882:Avery
1844:Yazoo
1839:Koroa
1782:Eaker
1719:Obion
1477:Starr
739:moats
553:maize
525:beans
521:maize
400:adzes
396:celts
384:Chert
260:mound
242:near
154:on a
74:whelk
70:chert
58:maize
3991:Kiva
2390:Sims
2358:Mott
2278:Anna
1987:King
1947:Dyar
1757:Boyd
1631:Tolu
1182:ISBN
1049:ISBN
941:ISBN
833:and
821:and
729:and
585:drum
543:and
535:and
441:and
439:Iowa
421:and
404:hoes
374:and
79:The
52:and
24:The
3495:Eva
2215:Yon
673:or
644:or
150:in
4109::
1232:.
1217:^
1196:^
1176:.
1092:.
1043:.
1028:^
991:.
963:.
914:^
842:.
725:,
721:,
717:,
591:.
583:,
579:,
567:,
563:,
559:,
531:,
527:,
453:,
445:,
433:,
386:,
90:.
72:,
3043:e
3036:t
3029:v
1310:e
1303:t
1296:v
1280:.
1236:.
1190:.
1161:.
1141:.
1116:.
1077:.
1057:.
1022:.
1002:.
977:.
949:.
850:.
414:.
118:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
