4516:
1914:. Studies show that even today, speakers of rural dialects may tend to change their usage in formal settings to approximate the formal written language. This has led to various countercultural movements ranging from the adoption of traditional forms of Oslo dialects among political radicals in Oslo, to movements preserving local dialects. There is widespread and growing acceptance that Norwegian linguistic diversity is worth preserving.
151:
795:
282:
54:
860:
2909:
1921:
personal identity and place of upbringing, and is considered impolite. Not using one's proper dialect would be bordering on awkward in many situations, as it may signal a wish to take on an identity or a background which one does not have. Dialects are also an area from which to derive humour both in professional and household situations.
1950:
One of the most important differences among dialects is which ending, if any, verbs have in the infinitive form. In Old
Norwegian, most verbs had an infinitive ending (-a), and likewise in a modern Norwegian dialect, most of the verbs of the dialect either have or would have had an infinitive ending.
2509:
This shift originated in Old East Norse, which is reflected in the fact that
Swedish and Danish overwhelmingly exhibit this change. Monophthongization in Norway ends on the coast west of Trondheim and extends southeast in a triangle into central Sweden. Some Norwegian dialects, east of Molde, for
2155:
It is, however, present in some spoken dialects north of Oslo, Romsdal, and south and northeast of
Trondheim. The grammatical phenomenon is highly threatened in the mentioned areas, while most speakers of conservative varieties have been highly influenced by the national standard languages, using
1920:
There is no standard dialect for the
Norwegian language as a whole, and all dialects are by now mutually intelligible. Hence, widely different dialects are used frequently and alongside each other, in almost every aspect of society. Criticism of a dialect may be considered criticism of someone's
2156:
only the traditional accusative word form in both cases. Often, though not always, the difference in meaning between the dative and accusative word forms can thus be lost, requiring the speaker to add more words to specify what was actually meant, to avoid potential loss of information.
2665:, Stavanger, and Bergen as centers. The uvular R has also been adopted in aspiring patricians in and around Oslo, to the point that it was for some time fashionable to "import" governesses from the Kristiansand area. In certain regions, such as Oslo, the flap has become realized as a
230:. If not accustomed to a particular dialect, even a native Norwegian speaker may have difficulty understanding it. Dialects can be as local as farm clusters, but many linguists note an ongoing regionalization, diminishing, or even elimination of local variations.
1839:
Owing to geography and climate, Norwegian communities were often isolated from each other until the early 20th century. As a result, local dialects had a tendency to be influenced by each other in singular ways while developing their own idiosyncrasies.
2752:
occurs for the n (IPA ), l (), t () and d () sounds in varying degrees. Areas just south and southwest of
Trondheim palatalize both the main and subordinate syllable in words (e.g., ), but other areas only palatalize the main syllable ().
2556:
in certain dialects. There are two varieties in
Norwegian dialects – one in which the two vowels become identical, the other where they are only similar. Leveling exists only in inland areas in Southern Norway, and areas around Trondheim.
2877:. This is by many considered to be a normal development in language change (although as most language changes, the older generation and more conservative language users often lament the degradation of the language). The
2687:. The uvular R has gained less acceptance in eastern regions, and linguists speculate that dialects that use retroflexes have a "natural defense" against uvular R and thus will not adopt it. However, the dialect of
2214:
Syntax can vary greatly between dialects, and the tense is important for the listener to get the meaning. For instance, a question can be formed without the traditional "asking-words" (how, where, what, who..)
3037:
There is considerable variety in the way the first person singular nominative pronoun is pronounced in
Norwegian dialects. They appear to fall into three groups, within which there are also variations:
3053:, in which the hard 'g' may or may not be included. This is common in most of Southern and Western Norway, Trøndelag, and most of Northern Norway. In some areas of Western Norway, it is common to say
1844:, for example, has characteristics in common with coastal dialects to the west, the dialects of northern Gudbrandsdalen to the south, and other dialects in Sør-Trøndelag from the north. The linguist
2793:
in southwestern Norway has become , while just east in southcentral
Norwegian the final is lost, leaving . The same sequence has been palatalized in Northern Norway, leaving the palatal lateral .
1859:
On the other hand, newly industrialized communities near sources of hydroelectric power have developed dialects consistent with the region but in many ways unique. Studies in such places as
4489:
1917:
The trend today is a regionalisation of the dialects causing smaller dialectal traits to disappear and rural dialects to merge with their nearest larger dialectal variety.
2781:) on the extreme southern coast of Norway, including Kristiansand, Mandal and Stavanger. The same phenomenon appears in Sør-Trøndelag and one area in Nordland.
4590:
4101:
1937:. These criteria generally provide the analytical means for identifying most dialects, though most Norwegians rely on experience to tell them apart.
268:
population learned
Norwegian as a second language). Rather, most people speak in their own local dialect. There is no "standard" spoken Norwegian.
1890:
Similarly, in the early 20th century a dialect closely approximating standard Bokmål arose in and around railway stations. This was known as
3995:
3933:
Authors state that the
Setesdal dialect is "perhaps the most distinctive and most difficult to understand" among all Norwegian dialects.
816:
303:
71:
2825:
Although used less frequently, a subtle shift takes place in conjugating a masculine noun from indefinitive to definitive, e.g., from
2813:
has assimilated to the first across most of Norway, leaving , , and respectively. Western Norway, though not in Bergen, retains the
2538:
in Norwegian) This is a phenomenon in which the root vowel and end vowel in a word approximate each other. For example, the old Norse
4044:
4030:
4009:
2949:
2565:
In all but Oslo and coastal areas just south of the capital, the present tense of certain verbs take on a new vowel (umlaut), e.g.,
842:
373:
137:
4583:
4094:
1566:
354:
118:
4074:
2341:
has shifted two of the traditional diphthongs and innovated four more from long vowels, and, in some cases, also short vowels.
326:
90:
2673:, which exists only in Norway, a few regions in Sweden, and in completely unrelated languages. The sound coexists with other
4786:
4756:
4741:
4056:
3981:
3481:– Oslo, Kristiansand, Bergen, Ålesund, most of Finnmark, Vestfold and lowland parts of Telemark, and some cities in Nordland.
3090:, jè , or jei , in areas around Oslo, and north along the Swedish border, almost to Trondheim, as well as one region in Troms
2236:(in Nynorsk), literally: "How much is the clock?" i.e. "What time is it?" can be put in, among others, the following forms:
1910:
Until the 20th century, upward social mobility in a city like Oslo could in some cases require conforming speech to standard
820:
307:
75:
867:
4842:
4121:
4066:
2872:
2749:
1451:
333:
97:
4701:
4837:
4832:
4576:
4158:
4087:
1905:
2927:
805:
292:
340:
104:
4776:
4542:
935:
674:
824:
809:
311:
296:
64:
4696:
2094:
The split distribution of endings is related to the syllable length of the verb in Old Norse. "Short-syllable" (
2612:
is retained – most of Eastern Norway, the South-Eastern coast, and across to areas north and east of Stavanger.
1724:
1512:
322:
86:
2619:
disappears altogether – Southern tip of Norway, coastal areas north of Bergen, and inland almost to Trondheim.
1390:
1291:
756:
4509:
3853:
2931:
2626:
is retained in certain words but not in others – coastal areas around Trondheim, and most of Northern Norway
520:
509:
407:
246:
3806:
kva, ka, kvaslags, kaslags, kasla, kallas, kalla, kass, kvafor, kafor, kaforein, keslags, kæslags, koffø en
1161:
4716:
4526:
3068:
2977:
2862:
2854:
2838:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2790:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2684:
2670:
2646:
2639:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2515:
2511:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2334:
2330:
2326:
1495:
1394:
1104:
730:
659:
574:
403:
211:
2919:
1173:
4599:
4515:
4314:
4126:
2633:
is retained in certain words and in weak feminine nouns, but not in others – one coast area in Nordland.
1773:
1555:
678:
670:
524:
399:
395:
4395:
4304:
2148:(1848), and use of Norwegian dative as a living grammatical case can be found in a few of the earliest
1934:
1860:
1759:
1372:
1338:
1144:
1093:
941:
931:
744:
723:
1689:
1672:
1572:
1476:
1459:
1229:
1002:
4661:
4636:
4499:
4321:
4146:
2870:
2842:
2474:
2144:
1929:
There are many ways to distinguish among Norwegian dialects. These criteria are drawn from the work
1749:
1627:
1508:
1417:
1359:
1285:
1256:
1213:
1192:
1019:
925:
532:
2677:
in Norwegian dialects. In some areas it also applies to words that end with "rd," for example with
2604:
is not pronounced in all or some words in their plural indefinite form. There are four categories:
1651:
1606:
1400:
1127:
4751:
4681:
4676:
4616:
4504:
4364:
4299:
4268:
4153:
2674:
1841:
1737:
1110:
1039:
1033:
985:
760:
719:
491:
4309:
3013:
2084:
1951:
There are five varieties of the infinitive ending in Norwegian dialects, constituting two groups:
1813:
1706:
1589:
914:
711:
700:
4801:
4746:
4651:
4631:
4621:
4429:
4110:
2890:
2658:
2457:
2164:
There are regional variations in the use of future tense, for example, "He is going to travel.":
1617:
1536:
1500:
1306:
1166:
1050:
892:
778:
752:
748:
655:
651:
611:
578:
505:
42:
4557:
4352:
4061:
2005:
1808:
1138:
347:
111:
1321:
1178:
4766:
4721:
4706:
4686:
4626:
4611:
4552:
4494:
4294:
4040:
4026:
4005:
3991:
3977:
3080:
2088:
666:
528:
2853:
Many people, especially in the younger generation, have lost the differentiation between the
4811:
4806:
4796:
4791:
4781:
4771:
4726:
4656:
4646:
4547:
4455:
4419:
3004:, in Southern and most of Western Norway, areas inland of Trondheim, and a few smaller areas
2981:
2967:
Three variations of the first person plural nominative pronoun exist in Norwegian dialects:
2895:
There are great differences between the intonation systems of different Norwegian dialects.
2398:
2135:
2127:
2001:
1975:
1577:
1250:
1234:
1149:
979:
215:
1694:
1098:
4761:
4736:
4711:
4691:
4666:
4641:
2878:
2131:
1896:("station language") and may have contributed to changes in dialect around these centers.
1876:
1853:
1428:
1071:
908:
2881:
is relatively low, and as often happens, similar sounds with low functional loads merge.
1677:
1132:
4671:
4520:
4460:
4445:
4369:
4263:
3017:
2666:
2654:
1741:
1517:
1332:
1209:
1197:
1184:
1067:
1029:
150:
3780:
hvilken, hvilke, åkken, åssen, hvem, hva slags, hø slags, hæsse, håssen. håleis, hådan
2980:), common in parts of Eastern Norway, most of Northern Norway, coastal areas close to
2716:. In front of voiceless consonants, the realisation of this R is unvoiced as well, to
1560:
1481:
4826:
4450:
2712:
county, another variant is still common: the voiced post-alveolar sibilant fricative
2123:
1971:
1778:
1700:
1611:
1366:
1352:
1087:
1013:
766:
603:
445:
426:
4357:
2817:
cluster. In Northern Norway this same cluster is realized as the palatal lateral .
1729:
1632:
1464:
1422:
1377:
1343:
1007:
919:
4331:
2691:
retains the retroflexes, while featuring the uvular R in remaining positions, e.g.
2662:
2650:
1884:
1880:
1849:
1845:
1594:
1525:
1044:
622:
4344:
2152:
texts. However, the dative case has never been part of official Landsmål/Nynorsk.
969:
965:
690:
543:
176:
2034:
Split infinitive, in which some verbs end with -a while others end with -e; e.g.
990:
4374:
4326:
4286:
4273:
4217:
3832:
kolles, koss, korsn, kossn, kasla, kass, kafor, kafør, kåfår, kersn, kess, kafla
3025:
3021:
1864:
1583:
1470:
1444:
1405:
1326:
1267:
1261:
1246:
1240:
1219:
1155:
1023:
975:
794:
770:
696:
555:
487:
456:
281:
265:
256:
53:
946:
4465:
4414:
4245:
4222:
3858:
2139:
2119:
1911:
1763:
1638:
1437:
1063:
636:
551:
250:
227:
184:
3489:– most of Southern, Northern, Western Norway and high-land parts of Telemark.
1296:
4387:
4253:
2323:
1281:
952:
897:
479:
464:
460:
422:
154:
The map shows the division of the Norwegian dialects within the main groups.
4188:
3944:
3863:
3525:, ente or ette – Mostly along the Swedish border south of Oslo in Østfold
2011:
Apocopic infinitive, where no vowel is added to the infinitive form, e.g.,
1856:. Other transitional dialects include the dialects of Romsdal and Arendal.
902:
235:
30:
4568:
4258:
4198:
2924:. In particular, all of the dialectal words should be transcribed in IPA.
2709:
2701:
2661:
has been gaining ground in Western and Southern Norwegian dialects, with
2338:
2024:
1997:
1868:
1798:
1710:
1683:
1662:
1547:
1540:
1487:
1383:
1302:
1121:
1083:
737:
715:
644:
586:
567:
563:
559:
547:
516:
483:
441:
430:
411:
261:
233:
Spoken Norwegian typically does not exactly follow the written languages
17:
1115:
4193:
3867:
3072:
2700:
In large parts of Northern Norway, especially in the northern parts of
2688:
2149:
2050:
1802:
1789:
1785:
1767:
1753:
1745:
1645:
1600:
1203:
682:
640:
632:
626:
607:
597:
593:
452:
241:
219:
34:
3921:
4424:
4079:
3506:
2115:
2106:) verbs lost their (unstressed) endings or had them converted to -e.
1872:
1656:
1411:
223:
167:) are commonly divided into four main groups, 'Northern Norwegian' (
3890:
3239:
Dere, då(k)ke, dåkkar, dåkk, de, derr, dåkki, dikko(n), deke, deko,
2289:(literally: What the clock is?), or, using another word for clock,
3076:
2720:. Thus, where one in the southern and Trøndelag dialects will get
2705:
1993:
996:
704:
501:
434:
391:
149:
1970:, common in southwestern Norway, including the areas surrounding
1848:
documented the particulars of the Oppdal dialect, and the writer
4141:
4136:
4131:
4076:, introduction to Northern Norwegian dialects written in English
3777:
hvor, hvorhen, å hen, å henner, hen, hørt, hærre, håppæs, hæppæs
1714:
1529:
1223:
582:
468:
418:
4572:
4083:
2841:, or ). This is found in rural dialects along the coast from
2748:
In areas north of an isogloss running between Oslo and Bergen,
2397:
West Norwegian dialects have also innovated new diphthongs. In
2902:
854:
788:
275:
47:
3838:
korfor, kafor, kafør, koffer, koffør, koffår, kåffår, keffer
2765:) have become voiced () intervocalically after long vowels (
1887:
has effected the formation of new dialects in these areas.
3555:
Examples of the sentence "I am not hungry," in Norwegian:
3396:
Dems, demmes, demma, demses, dem sitt, dommes, doms, døms
2100:) verbs in Norse kept their endings. The "long-syllable" (
3517:
or ittje – areas north of Oslo, along the Swedish border
497:
Nordland Norwegian (Nordland county north of Saltfjellet)
3835:
kolles, koss, kess, korsn, kossn, kordan, korran, kelles
2114:
The original Germanic contextual difference between the
4062:
Measuring the "distance" between the Norwegian dialects
3684:
Some common interrogative words take on forms such as:
871:
4023:
The Nordic languages. Their Status and Interrelations
4535:
4482:
4438:
4407:
4386:
4343:
4285:
4244:
4235:
4210:
4181:
4174:
4167:
3425:Demmes, dies, dis, deisa, deis, daus, døvs, deira,
3413:
Hennes,hons, hos, høvs, haus, hennar, hen(n)as, nas
78:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4490:Comparison of Norwegian Bokmål and Standard Danish
2821:Consonant shift in conjugation of masculine nouns
1974:(although not in the city of Bergen itself) and
3809:kordan, korsn, korleis, karleis, koss, koss(e)n
3667:
3661:
3650:
3644:
3633:
3627:
3616:
3610:
3599:
3593:
3582:
3576:
3565:
3559:
3547:
3541:
3534:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3500:
3492:
3484:
3476:
3268:Dåkk, dåkke, dåkker, dåkkæ, dere, ere, dykk, di
3085:
3062:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3007:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2971:
2832:
2826:
2801:The second consonant in the consonant clusters
2692:
2678:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2300:
2290:
2281:
2270:
2255:
2240:
2228:
2219:
2198:
2188:
2178:
2168:
2142:treated the dative case in detail in his work,
2101:
2095:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2041:
2035:
2018:
2012:
1987:
1981:
1965:
1959:
1891:
202:
196:
190:
182:
174:
168:
162:
3922:"dialekter i Setesdal - Store norske leksikon"
3422:Deres, dokkas, dokkar(s), dåkas, dekan, dekans
2337:, but the Norwegian spoken in the area around
4584:
4095:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3442:Hans, hannjes, hanses, hannes, hanner, hånner
3419:Vår, 'år, våres, våras, åkkas, åkka, aokan(s)
8:
3812:korfor, koffor, kvifor, kafor, keffår, koffø
3445:Hennes, hennjes, hunnes, henna, hennar, huns
2930:. There might be a discussion about this on
3457:Dems, demma, dæres, dæmmes, dæmmers, deira
2008:, southern counties, and a few other areas.
823:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
310:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4591:
4577:
4569:
4241:
4178:
4171:
4102:
4088:
4080:
4071:, a Norwegian database of dialect samples.
3841:når, ner, nå, når ti, ka ti, katti, kåtti
2845:to the border between Troms and Finnmark.
417:South-West Norwegian (the inland parts of
214:, but differ significantly with regard to
3033:First person pronoun, nominative singular
2950:Learn how and when to remove this message
2460:in certain dialects of modern Norwegian.
2138:, a tendency which spread to Bokmål too.
2030:Two different endings (eastern dialects)
843:Learn how and when to remove this message
374:Learn how and when to remove this message
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
3829:kor, korhæn/korhænne, ker, karre, kehænn
3686:
3281:
3098:
2462:
2403:
2343:
207:) are considered fifth or sixth groups.
4068:En norsk dialektprøvedatabase på nettet
3878:
3410:Hans, hannes, hannas, høns, hønnes, ans
2963:First person pronoun, nominative plural
451:North-West Norwegian (the districts of
3210:Dere, dø, de, di, døkk, dår(e), dør(e)
2657:. However, for the last 200 years the
3820:Trøndelag and most of Northern Norway
3786:hvorfor, åffer, å for, høffer, hæffer
3433:Trøndelag and most of Northern Norway
3384:Hennes, henners, hun sin, hos, hinnes
3247:Trøndelag and most of Northern Norway
3071:), in a few areas in Western Norway (
2267:it much, the clock?) (stress on "is")
558:in Sweden, adjacent lowland parts of
7:
3884:
3882:
2708:county, as well as several parts of
821:adding citations to reliable sources
308:adding citations to reliable sources
76:adding citations to reliable sources
3468:The Norwegian word for the English
3401:Most of Western and Southern Norway
3218:Most of Western and Southern Norway
3815:når, ti, kati, korti, koti, kå ti
3271:Dei, dem, dæm, 'em, di, r'ej, dåm
3213:Dem, rem, 'rdem, em, døm, dom, di
2984:, and one sliver of Western Norway
195:). Sometimes 'Midland Norwegian' (
25:
3771:hvem, åkke, åkkjen, høkken, håkke
3472:exists in these main categories:
3221:Eg, e, æ, æg, æi, æig, jei, ej, i
3201:Hun, ho, hu, ha, a, henne, henner
2732:, in areas realising voiced R as
2278:(literally: "What is the clock?")
2252:much?) (stress is on "the clock")
1980:Infinitive ending with -e, e.g.,
1958:Infinitive ending with -a, e.g.,
710:Inner Trøndelag Norwegian (inner
4514:
3774:hva, å da, å, hø da, hå, hæ, hær
2907:
2891:Norwegian language § Accent
2440:Monophthongization of diphthongs
2318:Diphthongization of monophthongs
858:
793:
280:
52:
3945:"Talemålet i Valle og Hylestad"
3942:To hear them pronounced, go to
3803:kor, kest, korhen/korhenne, hen
3451:Vår, våkke, vår', våres, vårres
3207:Vi, ve, mø, oss, øss, æss, vårs
63:needs additional citations for
3960:needs to be selected manually.
1954:One ending (western dialects)
740:and surrounding coastal areas)
1:
4004:(Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo)
3783:hvordan, åssen, høssen, hæsse
3454:Deres, dokkers, dokkes, 'eras
2704:county and southern parts of
2669:(generally called "thick L")
2596:in the plural indefinite form
2023:, common in certain areas of
433:county, and western parts of
3986:Kristoffersen, Gjert (2000)
3358:Rarely used. When used: dess
2869:) sounds, realizing both as
2401:you can find the following:
2130:, has degenerated in spoken
665:Eastern Telemark Norwegian (
650:Western Telemark Norwegian (
592:Oppland Norwegian (southern
519:county, except for northern
201:) and/or 'South Norwegian' (
189:), and 'Eastern Norwegian' (
4159:Norwegian language conflict
4035:Johnsen, Egil Børre (1987)
3390:Vårs, vørs, vår, 'år, våres
2587:Pronunciation of consonants
2561:Vowel shift in strong verbs
2170:Han kommer/kjem til å reise
1906:Norwegian language struggle
1797:Telemark-Numedal dialects (
1760:Hallingdal-Valdres dialects
695:Outer Trøndelag Norwegian (
448:and immediate surroundings)
210:The dialects are generally
4859:
4543:Language Council of Norway
4057:Norwegian Language Council
4039:(H. Aschehoug & Co.)
3990:(Oxford University Press)
3988:The Phonology of Norwegian
3436:Min, mi, mitt, mæjn, mett
3265:Vi, åss, oss, åkke, me, mi
2888:
2308:(literally: What is she?).
2218:For example, the sentence
2083:, common in some areas in
2046:, common in Eastern Norway
1903:
675:Midt-Telemark Municipality
28:
4607:
4117:
4037:Vårt Eget Språk/Talemålet
3972:Jahr, Ernst Håkon (1990)
3731:hvordan, hvorledes, åssen
3439:Din, di, ditt, dij, dej'j
3416:nonexistent or dens, dets
3381:Hans, hannes, hanns, hass
2468:
2465:
2444:The Old Norse diphthongs
2406:
2346:
1931:Vårt Eget Språk/Talemålet
1535:Asker and Bærum dialect (
1513:Metropolitan area of Oslo
743:South-eastern Trøndersk (
390:South Norwegian (most of
387:West and South Norwegian
3797:kven, ken, kin, kem, kim
3728:hvilken, hvilket, hvilke
3250:Æ, æg, i, eig, jæ, e, eg
3230:Hun, ho, hu, hau, hon, u
3198:Han, hæn, hænnom, hannem
2683:(farm) being pronounced
2638:Phonetic realization of
2510:example, have lost only
1292:Valle-Setesdalsk dialect
181:), 'Western Norwegian' (
173:), 'Central Norwegian' (
29:Not to be confused with
4021:Vikør, Lars S. (2001)
3893:. Store norske leksikon
3854:Standard East Norwegian
3262:De, da, dæ, e, denj, ta
2972:
2313:Pronunciation of vowels
2122:cases, standardized in
2049:Split infinitive, with
1883:, and others show that
1450:Inner Østfold dialect (
573:Middle East Norwegian (
3794:Most of Western Norway
3789:ti, å ti, når, hærnér
3668:
3662:
3651:
3645:
3634:
3628:
3617:
3611:
3600:
3594:
3583:
3577:
3566:
3560:
3548:
3542:
3535:
3529:
3521:
3513:
3501:
3493:
3485:
3477:
3242:De, dei, dæ, di, di'i
3086:
3063:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3008:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2885:Tonemes and intonation
2833:
2827:
2693:
2679:
2645:Most dialects realize
2579:
2573:
2567:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2301:
2291:
2282:
2271:
2256:
2241:
2229:
2220:
2199:
2189:
2179:
2169:
2102:
2096:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2042:
2036:
2019:
2013:
1988:
1982:
1966:
1960:
1892:
731:Trondheim Municipality
660:Kviteseid Municipality
639:Norwegian (south-west
203:
197:
191:
183:
175:
169:
163:
155:
4025:(Oslo: Novus Press)
3974:Den Store dialektboka
3012:, common in areas of
2577:(in Oslo, it becomes
1505:(Mid-east districts)
1443:Fredrikstad dialect (
1162:Kristiansunds dialect
757:Holtålen Municipality
729:Trondheim Norwegian (
679:Notodden Municipality
671:Hjartdal Municipality
260:, except in parts of
212:mutually intelligible
153:
4843:Dialects by language
4322:Urban East Norwegian
4147:Scandinavian Braille
4000:Vanvik, Arne (1979)
3889:Martin Skjekkeland.
3823:kæm, kem, kånn, kenn
3768:South Eastern Norway
3448:Dets, det sitt, dess
3372:South Eastern Norway
3189:South Eastern Norway
2920:confusing or unclear
2843:Farsund Municipality
1738:Gudbrandsdal dialect
1734:(Midland districts)
1509:Urban East Norwegian
1496:Midtøstland dialects
1348:(Lowland districts)
1268:Midhordland district
872:adding missing items
817:improve this section
625:Norwegian (northern
606:Norwegian (northern
510:Målselv Municipality
440:Bergen Norwegian or
425:(except the city of
323:"Norwegian dialects"
304:improve this section
264:(where the original
87:"Norwegian dialects"
72:improve this article
3891:"dialekter i Norge"
3800:kva, ka, ke, kæ, kå
3680:Interrogative words
3584:Eg er ikkje svolten
3278:Possessive pronouns
3256:Han, hanj, hin, hån
3253:Du, dæ, dø, u, dæ'æ
3236:Vi, me, mi, mø, åss
2928:clarify the section
2757:Voicing of plosives
2600:In some areas, the
2230:Kor mykje er klokka
2221:Hvor mye er klokken
1941:Grammars and syntax
1842:Oppdal Municipality
1639:Opplandene district
1351:Vikværsk dialects (
1174:Sunndalsøra dialect
761:Oppdal Municipality
720:Lierne Municipality
691:Trøndelag Norwegian
614:in northern Norway)
515:Finnmark Norwegian
504:county, except for
492:Bindal Municipality
467:and outer parts of
37:, the two official
4838:Norwegian language
4833:Norwegian dialects
4430:American Norwegian
4305:Hallingmål-Valdris
4111:Norwegian language
3958:Uttale av vokalane
3754:kva for ein/ei/eit
3567:Jeg er ikke sulten
2867:⟨sj⟩
2859:⟨kj⟩
2849:The kj - sj merger
2659:uvular approximant
2458:monophthongization
2322:Old Norse had the
1935:Egil Børre Johnsen
1774:Hallingdal dialect
1707:Särna-Idre dialect
1644:Hedmark dialects (
1567:Ringerike district
1556:Ringerike dialects
1546:Romerike dialect (
1445:Fredrikstad region
1436:Østfold dialects (
1389:Tønsberg dialect (
870:; you can help by
779:American Norwegian
753:Tydal Municipality
749:Selbu Municipality
745:Røros Municipality
736:Namdal Norwegian (
724:Snåsa Municipality
656:Tokke Municipality
652:Vinje Municipality
619:Midland Norwegian
612:Bardu Municipality
596:and south-eastern
506:Bardu Municipality
159:Norwegian dialects
156:
43:Norwegian language
41:variations of the
4820:
4819:
4566:
4565:
4553:Norwegian Academy
4478:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4231:
4230:
3996:978-0-19-823765-5
3845:
3844:
3461:
3460:
3375:Min, mi, mitt, mø
3275:
3274:
3095:Personal pronouns
2960:
2959:
2952:
2761:Voiceless stops (
2507:
2506:
2469:Modern Norwegian
2456:have experienced
2437:
2436:
2410:Modern Norwegian
2395:
2394:
2350:Modern Norwegian
2257:E a mytti, klokka
1684:Hadeland district
1488:Grenland district
1471:Bohuslän province
1373:Vestfold dialects
1358:Drammen dialect (
1339:Flatbygd dialects
1247:Stavanger dialect
1145:Nordmøre dialects
1094:Haugesund dialect
1024:Jämtland province
1020:Jämtland dialects
976:Trondheim dialect
942:Helgeland dialect
888:
887:
853:
852:
845:
667:Tinn Municipality
500:Troms Norwegian (
384:
383:
376:
358:
148:
147:
140:
122:
16:(Redirected from
4850:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4570:
4518:
4456:Middle Norwegian
4420:Modern Norwegian
4361:
4318:
4300:Gudbrandsdalsmål
4242:
4203:
4179:
4172:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4081:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3918:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3886:
3826:ka, ke, kve, ker
3687:
3671:
3669:Je er'nte sulten
3665:
3654:
3648:
3637:
3631:
3620:
3614:
3603:
3601:I e ikkje sulten
3597:
3586:
3580:
3569:
3563:
3551:
3545:
3538:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3504:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3282:
3224:Du, dø, døø, døh
3181:De, dykk, dokker
3099:
3089:
3070:
3066:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3011:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2979:
2975:
2955:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2935:
2911:
2910:
2903:
2876:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2792:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2696:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2648:
2641:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2517:
2513:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2404:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2304:
2294:
2285:
2274:
2259:
2244:
2232:
2223:
2202:
2192:
2182:
2180:Han blir å reise
2172:
2105:
2099:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2045:
2039:
2022:
2016:
2002:Sogn og Fjordane
1991:
1985:
1976:Stavanger (city)
1969:
1963:
1946:Infinitive forms
1895:
1817:
1790:Valdres district
1782:
1733:
1725:Midland dialects
1698:
1690:Østerdal dialect
1681:
1673:Hadeland dialect
1660:
1636:
1615:
1598:
1581:
1573:Hønefoss dialect
1564:
1521:
1504:
1485:
1477:Grenland dialect
1468:
1460:Bohuslän dialect
1426:
1409:
1381:
1347:
1330:
1300:
1265:
1238:
1230:Sunnmøre dialect
1201:
1182:
1170:
1153:
1136:
1119:
1102:
1048:
1011:
1003:Härjedal dialect
994:
950:
923:
906:
883:
880:
862:
861:
855:
848:
841:
837:
834:
828:
797:
789:
785:Dialect branches
486:county south of
476:North Norwegian
379:
372:
368:
365:
359:
357:
316:
284:
276:
206:
200:
194:
188:
180:
172:
166:
143:
136:
132:
129:
123:
121:
80:
56:
48:
21:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4603:
4597:
4567:
4562:
4558:Riksmål Society
4531:
4470:
4434:
4408:Non-dialectical
4403:
4382:
4355:
4339:
4312:
4281:
4227:
4206:
4201:
4163:
4113:
4108:
4053:
4018:
4016:Further reading
3969:
3964:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3906:
3896:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3880:
3876:
3850:
3682:
3635:E e ikkj sulten
3507:Salten District
3466:
3280:
3192:Jæ, jé, jè, jei
3097:
3079:) and Snåsa in
3035:
2965:
2956:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2925:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2893:
2887:
2879:functional load
2866:
2858:
2851:
2823:
2799:
2787:
2759:
2746:
2736:, one will get
2643:
2598:
2589:
2563:
2524:
2442:
2320:
2315:
2212:
2190:Han blir reisan
2162:
2145:Norsk Grammatik
2112:
2006:Møre og Romsdal
1948:
1943:
1927:
1908:
1902:
1900:Social dynamics
1854:literary device
1837:
1811:
1786:Valdris dialect
1776:
1727:
1692:
1675:
1654:
1630:
1628:Oppland dialect
1609:
1592:
1575:
1558:
1515:
1498:
1479:
1462:
1420:
1418:Revetal dialect
1403:
1375:
1365:Follo dialect (
1341:
1324:
1294:
1282:Arendal dialect
1259:
1257:Strilar dialect
1232:
1210:Sandnes dialect
1195:
1193:Romsdal dialect
1176:
1164:
1147:
1130:
1113:
1096:
1072:Southern Norway
1042:
1005:
988:
944:
932:Brønnøy dialect
917:
909:Northern Norway
900:
884:
878:
875:
859:
849:
838:
832:
829:
814:
798:
787:
540:East Norwegian
380:
369:
363:
360:
317:
315:
301:
285:
274:
144:
133:
127:
124:
81:
79:
69:
57:
46:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4856:
4854:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4825:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4777:Serbo-Croatian
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4573:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4461:Dano-Norwegian
4458:
4453:
4448:
4446:Old West Norse
4442:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4392:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4349:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4291:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4250:
4248:
4246:West and south
4239:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4202:(discontinued)
4196:
4191:
4185:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4124:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4064:
4059:
4052:
4051:External links
4049:
4048:
4047:
4033:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4002:Norsk fonetikk
3998:
3984:
3976:(Oslo: Novus)
3968:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3935:
3904:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3861:
3856:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3760:kvifor, korfor
3758:
3757:korleis, korso
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3659:
3642:
3625:
3618:Æ e ittj sopin
3608:
3591:
3574:
3553:
3552:
3539:
3526:
3518:
3510:
3498:
3490:
3482:
3465:
3464:The word "not"
3462:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3387:Dets, det sitt
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3259:Hun, hu, ho, a
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3227:Han, an, ha'an
3225:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3083:
3081:Nord Trøndelag
3060:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3018:Gudbrandsdalen
3005:
2985:
2976:, (pronounced
2964:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2915:
2913:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2889:Main article:
2886:
2883:
2850:
2847:
2822:
2819:
2798:
2795:
2786:
2783:
2758:
2755:
2750:palatalization
2745:
2744:Palatalization
2742:
2667:retroflex flap
2655:alveolar trill
2642:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2597:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2562:
2559:
2523:
2520:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:Some dialects
2477:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2298:
2279:
2268:
2253:
2242:E klokka mykje
2211:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2200:Han skal reise
2196:
2186:
2176:
2161:
2158:
2111:
2108:
2092:
2091:
2089:Nord-Trøndelag
2047:
2028:
2027:
2009:
1978:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1926:
1923:
1901:
1898:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1825:other dialects
1822:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1783:
1757:
1742:Gudbrandsdalen
1722:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1701:Viken district
1687:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1652:Solung dialect
1625:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1607:Moing dialects
1604:
1587:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1533:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1474:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1415:
1401:Andebu dialect
1398:
1370:
1363:
1360:Drammen region
1353:Viken district
1333:Eastern Norway
1319:
1318:
1317:
1315:other dialects
1312:
1311:
1310:
1289:
1286:Arendal region
1273:
1272:
1271:
1254:
1244:
1227:
1217:
1207:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1171:
1142:
1128:Karmøy dialect
1125:
1122:Jæren district
1108:
1091:
1084:Bergen dialect
1061:
1060:
1059:
1057:other dialects
1054:
1037:
1030:Meldal dialect
1027:
1017:
1000:
983:
963:
962:
961:
959:other dialects
956:
939:
929:
886:
885:
865:
863:
851:
850:
801:
799:
792:
786:
783:
782:
781:
776:
775:
774:
764:
741:
734:
727:
708:
688:
687:
686:
663:
648:
630:
617:
616:
615:
601:
590:
571:
538:
537:
536:
513:
498:
495:
474:
473:
472:
449:
438:
415:
382:
381:
288:
286:
279:
273:
272:Dialect groups
270:
146:
145:
60:
58:
51:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4855:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4601:
4594:
4589:
4587:
4582:
4580:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4548:Noregs Mållag
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4517:
4513:
4511:
4510:Sign language
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4451:Old Norwegian
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4310:Särna-Idremål
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4105:
4100:
4098:
4093:
4091:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4045:82-03-17092-7
4042:
4038:
4034:
4032:
4031:82-7099-336-0
4028:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4010:82-990584-0-6
4007:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3946:
3939:
3936:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3892:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3763:når, kva tid
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3679:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3652:Æ e ke sulten
3647:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3463:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3407:Din, di, ditt
3406:
3404:Min, mi, mitt
3403:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3393:Deres, døres,
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3378:Din, di, ditt
3377:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3349:Din, di, ditt
3348:
3346:Min, mi, mitt
3345:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3320:Din, di, ditt
3319:
3317:Min, mi, mitt
3316:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3195:Du, ru, u, dø
3194:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3027:
3024:and parts of
3023:
3019:
3015:
3014:Sør-Trøndelag
3010:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2962:
2954:
2951:
2943:
2933:
2932:the talk page
2929:
2923:
2921:
2916:This section
2914:
2905:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2874:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2835:
2829:
2820:
2818:
2796:
2794:
2789:The geminate
2784:
2782:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2743:
2741:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2690:
2681:
2676:
2675:retroflexions
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2637:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2591:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2521:
2519:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2325:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:(in Bokmål),
2226:
2222:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2124:modern German
2121:
2117:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2098:
2090:
2086:
2085:Sør-Trøndelag
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1907:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:stasjonsspråk
1888:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1855:
1852:used it as a
1851:
1847:
1843:
1834:
1826:
1823:
1815:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1723:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1664:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1619:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1562:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1466:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1452:Inner Østfold
1449:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:Sogn district
1221:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1112:
1111:Jærsk dialect
1109:
1106:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1041:
1040:Tydal dialect
1038:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1004:
1001:
998:
992:
987:
986:Fosen dialect
984:
981:
977:
974:
973:
971:
967:
964:
960:
957:
954:
948:
943:
940:
937:
933:
930:
927:
921:
916:
913:
912:
910:
904:
899:
896:
895:
894:
890:
889:
882:
873:
869:
866:This list is
864:
857:
856:
847:
844:
836:
826:
822:
818:
812:
811:
807:
802:This section
800:
796:
791:
790:
784:
780:
777:
772:
768:
765:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
739:
735:
732:
728:
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:Sør-Trøndelag
709:
706:
702:
701:Sør-Trøndelag
698:
694:
693:
692:
689:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
661:
657:
653:
649:
646:
642:
638:
634:
631:
628:
624:
621:
620:
618:
613:
609:
605:
602:
599:
595:
591:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
542:
541:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
493:
490:, except for
489:
485:
481:
478:
477:
475:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
447:
444:(the city of
443:
439:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:
386:
385:
378:
375:
367:
356:
353:
349:
346:
342:
339:
335:
332:
328:
325: –
324:
320:
319:Find sources:
313:
309:
305:
299:
298:
294:
289:This section
287:
283:
278:
277:
271:
269:
267:
263:
259:
258:
253:
252:
248:
244:
243:
238:
237:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
205:
199:
193:
187:
186:
179:
178:
171:
165:
160:
152:
142:
139:
131:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89: –
88:
84:
83:Find sources:
77:
73:
67:
66:
61:This article
59:
55:
50:
49:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
19:
4731:
4602:of languages
4536:Institutions
4483:Other topics
4332:Oslo dialect
4236:
4067:
4036:
4022:
4001:
3987:
3973:
3957:
3956:The section
3948:. Retrieved
3938:
3925:. Retrieved
3895:. Retrieved
3683:
3672:
3655:
3638:
3621:
3604:
3587:
3570:
3554:
3469:
3467:
3426:
3067:(pronounced
3036:
2966:
2946:
2940:January 2015
2937:
2926:Please help
2917:
2894:
2852:
2824:
2800:
2797:Assimilation
2788:
2785:Segmentation
2760:
2747:
2699:
2663:Kristiansand
2651:alveolar tap
2644:
2599:
2592:Eliminating
2564:
2525:
2508:
2443:
2396:
2321:
2305:
2295:
2286:
2275:
2264:
2260:
2249:
2245:
2233:
2224:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2193:
2183:
2173:
2163:
2160:Future tense
2154:
2143:
2113:
2093:
2029:
1992:, common in
1953:
1949:
1930:
1928:
1925:Distinctions
1919:
1916:
1909:
1889:
1885:koineization
1858:
1850:Inge Krokann
1846:Einar Haugen
1838:
1824:
1590:Ådal dialect
1526:Oslo dialect
1314:
1276:
1220:Sogn dialect
1079:(Vestlandet)
1078:
1056:
958:
915:Bodø dialect
879:October 2018
876:
839:
830:
815:Please help
803:
643:and western
623:Gudbrandsdal
566:county, and
394:county plus
370:
361:
351:
344:
337:
330:
318:
302:Please help
290:
255:
249:
247:conservative
245:or the more
240:
234:
232:
209:
158:
157:
134:
125:
115:
108:
101:
94:
82:
70:Please help
65:verification
62:
38:
26:
4637:Azerbaijani
4375:Trondheimsk
4356: [
4313: [
4274:Stavangersk
4127:Orthography
3897:February 1,
3624:(Trøndelag)
3505:- parts of
3497:– Trøndelag
2544:has become
2283:Ka klokka e
2272:Ka e klokka
2110:Dative case
2000:, areas of
1812: [
1777: [
1728: [
1693: [
1676: [
1655: [
1631: [
1610: [
1593: [
1576: [
1559: [
1516: [
1499: [
1480: [
1463: [
1421: [
1404: [
1376: [
1342: [
1325: [
1295: [
1277:(Sørlandet)
1260: [
1233: [
1196: [
1185:Sunndalsøra
1177: [
1165: [
1148: [
1131: [
1114: [
1097: [
1043: [
1006: [
989: [
945: [
918: [
901: [
546:Norwegian (
523:, northern
488:Saltfjellet
482:Norwegian (
198:midlandsmål
4827:Categories
4752:Portuguese
4717:Macedonian
4500:Literature
4466:Russenorsk
4415:Kebabnorsk
4396:Brønnøymål
4353:Herjedalsk
4264:Sandnesmål
4211:Unofficial
3982:8270991678
3874:References
3859:Kebabnorsk
3509:, Nordland
3427:deira(n)s
3329:dens, dets
3306:Your (pl.)
3233:De, da, d'
2922:to readers
2899:Vocabulary
2475:Urban East
2466:Old Norse
2407:Old Norse
2347:Old Norse
2324:diphthongs
2140:Ivar Aasen
2120:accusative
1933:(1987) by
1904:See also:
1809:Bø dialect
1764:Hallingdal
1748:and Upper
1064:Vestlandsk
1014:Härjedalen
868:incomplete
773:in Sweden)
767:Jämtlandic
681:and upper
637:Hallingdal
521:Kautokeino
421:, most of
334:newspapers
228:vocabulary
185:vestlandsk
98:newspapers
4802:Ukrainian
4732:Norwegian
4652:Bulgarian
4632:Aromanian
4622:Aragonese
4600:Varieties
4505:Profanity
4365:Jemtlansk
4345:Trøndersk
4254:Arendalsk
4168:Varieties
4154:Phonology
3950:4 January
3927:4 January
3751:kor, kvar
3675:(Hærland)
3607:(Romsdal)
3590:(Nynorsk)
3123:You (pl.)
2982:Trondheim
2865:(written
2857:(written
2775:/ˈfløːtə/
2767:/ˈfløːdə/
2730:/sp̬aʁ̥k/
2722:/sp̬ar̥k/
2355:Setesdal
2292:Ke ure' e
2250:the clock
2128:Icelandic
2103:langstava
2097:kortstava
2077:) versus
1835:Evolution
1322:Østlandsk
1251:Stavanger
1105:Haugesund
980:Trondheim
970:Trøndelag
966:Trøndersk
953:Helgeland
898:Nordnorsk
893:Norwegian
891:National
833:June 2023
804:does not
575:Ringerike
480:Helgeland
465:Sunnfjord
461:Nordfjord
423:Hordaland
404:Drangedal
364:June 2023
291:does not
204:sørlandsk
177:trøndersk
170:nordnorsk
164:dialekter
128:June 2015
18:Nordnorsk
4767:Romanian
4707:Japanese
4687:Georgian
4627:Armenian
4612:Albanian
4527:Norvegia
4327:Vikværsk
4295:Bohusmål
4269:Sognamål
4259:Bergensk
4218:Høgnorsk
4199:Samnorsk
4182:Official
4122:Alphabet
3848:See also
3658:(Narvik)
3641:(Salten)
3573:(Bokmål)
3155:De, dem
3026:Sunnmøre
3022:Nordmøre
2779:/ˈkɑːkə/
2771:/ˈkɑːɡə/
2738:/spaʃːk/
2726:/sp̬aʀk/
2710:Finnmark
2702:Nordland
2571:becomes
2522:Leveling
2339:Setesdal
2150:Landsmål
2053:, e.g.,
2025:Nordland
1998:Finnmark
1877:Notodden
1869:Tyssedal
1861:Høyanger
1799:Telemark
1584:Hønefoss
1548:Romerike
1391:Tønsberg
1384:Vestfold
1303:Setesdal
1241:Sunnmøre
1156:Nordmøre
771:Jämtland
738:Namdalen
716:Innherad
699:, outer
697:Nordmøre
645:Buskerud
604:Østerdal
587:Romerike
568:Akershus
564:Buskerud
562:county,
560:Telemark
556:Bohuslän
554:county,
550:county,
548:Vestfold
525:Karasjok
517:Finnmark
484:Nordland
457:Sunnmøre
442:Bergensk
431:Rogaland
412:Telemark
400:Nissedal
396:Fyresdal
262:Finnmark
257:Høgnorsk
192:østnorsk
4812:Yiddish
4797:Turkish
4792:Swedish
4787:Spanish
4782:Slovene
4772:Russian
4757:Punjabi
4742:Persian
4727:Maltese
4677:English
4662:Chinese
4657:Catalan
4647:Bengali
4495:Exonyms
4439:Extinct
4370:Medalsk
4223:Riksmål
4194:Nynorsk
4175:Written
3967:Sources
3868:Nynorsk
3742:Nynorsk
3734:hvorfor
3690:Regions
3343:Nynorsk
3285:Regions
3160:Nynorsk
3102:Regions
3073:Romsdal
3050:æ(i)(g)
2918:may be
2834:bekkjen
2763:/p,t,k/
2689:Arendal
2649:as the
2535:Jevning
2529:Jamning
2415:Midtre
2302:Å er 'o
2136:Swedish
2051:apocope
2040:versus
1912:Riksmål
1803:Numedal
1768:Valdres
1754:Hedmark
1750:Folldal
1746:Oppland
1646:Hedmark
1438:Østfold
1301:(Upper
1214:Sandnes
1204:Romsdal
1068:Western
936:Brønnøy
825:removed
810:sources
683:Numedal
641:Oppland
633:Valdres
627:Oppland
608:Hedmark
598:Oppland
594:Hedmark
570:county)
552:Østfold
533:Nesseby
453:Romsdal
437:county)
414:county)
408:Kragerø
348:scholar
312:removed
297:sources
251:Riksmål
242:Nynorsk
220:grammar
112:scholar
39:written
35:Nynorsk
4762:Romani
4747:Polish
4737:Pashto
4712:Korean
4692:German
4682:French
4667:Danish
4642:Basque
4617:Arabic
4425:Svorsk
4237:Spoken
4189:Bokmål
4043:
4029:
4008:
3994:
3980:
3864:Bokmål
3716:Bokmål
3367:Deira
3364:Dykkar
3355:Hennar
3338:Deres
3326:Hennes
3314:Bokmål
3309:Their
3178:Vi, me
3131:Bokmål
2861:) and
2809:, and
2685:/ɡɑːɽ/
2568:å fare
2452:, and
2399:Midtre
2333:, and
2210:Syntax
2132:Danish
2116:dative
2056:å væra
2043:å bite
2037:å væra
1989:å bite
1983:å være
1972:Bergen
1967:å bita
1961:å vera
1873:Rjukan
1412:Andebu
1395:Færder
1275:South
1139:Karmøy
1088:Bergen
1034:Meldal
722:, and
703:, and
544:Vikvær
446:Bergen
427:Bergen
406:, and
350:
343:
336:
329:
321:
236:Bokmål
226:, and
224:syntax
216:accent
114:
107:
100:
93:
85:
31:Bokmål
4722:Malay
4702:Hindi
4697:Greek
4672:Dutch
4521:Kjell
4388:North
4360:]
4317:]
3711:when
3702:which
3699:where
3595:ikkje
3578:ikkje
3549:itsje
3536:e'kje
3486:ikkje
3335:Deres
3126:They
3077:Molde
2978:/viː/
2875:]
2871:[
2706:Troms
2580:farer
2553:vukku
2547:våkkå
2080:å bit
2074:varra
2068:vårrå
2062:værra
2020:å bit
2014:å vær
1994:Troms
1881:Sauda
1816:]
1781:]
1732:]
1711:Särna
1697:]
1680:]
1663:Solør
1659:]
1635:]
1618:Modum
1614:]
1597:]
1580:]
1563:]
1541:Bærum
1537:Asker
1520:]
1503:]
1484:]
1467:]
1425:]
1408:]
1380:]
1367:Follo
1346:]
1329:]
1307:Valle
1299:]
1264:]
1237:]
1200:]
1181:]
1169:]
1152:]
1135:]
1118:]
1101:]
1077:West
1051:Tydal
1047:]
1010:]
997:Fosen
993:]
949:]
922:]
905:]
705:Fosen
579:Modum
502:Troms
435:Agder
392:Agder
355:JSTOR
341:books
119:JSTOR
105:books
4807:Urdu
4400:etc.
4379:etc.
4336:etc.
4287:East
4278:etc.
4041:ISBN
4027:ISBN
4006:ISBN
3992:ISBN
3978:ISBN
3952:2015
3929:2015
3899:2017
3866:and
3745:kven
3737:når
3725:hvor
3719:hvem
3696:what
3663:ente
3629:ikkj
3612:ittj
3561:ikke
3543:isje
3522:inte
3514:itte
3502:ikkj
3494:ittj
3478:ikke
3352:Hans
3323:Hans
3291:Your
3184:Dei
3152:Dere
3069:/iː/
3047:and
3044:E(g)
2828:bekk
2815:/ld/
2811:/nɡ/
2807:/ld/
2803:/nd/
2791:/ll/
2773:vs.
2694:rart
2680:gard
2629:The
2622:The
2615:The
2608:The
2541:viku
2516:/øy/
2514:and
2512:/ei/
2454:/øy/
2450:/ei/
2446:/au/
2335:/øy/
2331:/ei/
2327:/au/
2248:(Is
2134:and
2126:and
2118:and
2087:and
2004:and
1865:Odda
1801:and
1715:Idre
1713:and
1601:Ådal
1539:and
1530:Oslo
1393:and
1070:and
926:Bodø
808:any
806:cite
658:and
635:and
610:and
585:and
583:Oslo
531:and
529:Tana
508:and
469:Sogn
419:Sogn
327:news
295:any
293:cite
266:Sami
254:and
239:and
91:news
33:and
3748:kva
3722:hva
3708:why
3705:how
3693:who
3530:kje
3470:not
3361:Vår
3332:Vår
3303:Our
3300:Its
3297:Her
3294:His
3175:Det
3169:Han
3146:Det
3143:Hun
3140:Han
3134:Jeg
3114:She
3108:You
3009:Oss
2998:or
2863:/ʂ/
2855:/ç/
2831:to
2734:/ʒ/
2728:or
2724:or
2718:/ʃ/
2714:/ʒ/
2671:/ɽ/
2653:or
2647:/r/
2640:/r/
2631:/r/
2624:/r/
2617:/r/
2610:/r/
2602:/r/
2594:/r/
2583:).
2574:fer
2550:or
874:.
819:by
429:),
410:in
306:by
74:by
4829::
4358:sv
4315:sv
3907:^
3881:^
3666::
3649::
3646:ke
3632::
3615::
3598::
3581::
3564::
3288:My
3204:De
3172:Ho
3166:Du
3163:Eg
3149:Vi
3137:Du
3120:We
3117:It
3111:He
3087:Jé
3056:ej
3020:,
3016:,
3001:mi
2995:mø
2992:,
2989:Me
2973:Vi
2805:,
2777:,
2769:,
2740:.
2697:.
2518:.
2448:,
2329:,
2265:Is
2017:,
1996:,
1986:,
1964:,
1879:,
1875:,
1871:,
1867:,
1863:,
1814:no
1805:)
1779:no
1770:)
1766:,
1752:,
1744:,
1730:no
1703:)
1695:no
1678:no
1657:no
1648:)
1641:)
1633:no
1612:no
1595:no
1578:no
1569:)
1561:no
1522:)
1518:no
1501:no
1482:no
1465:sv
1440:)
1429:Re
1423:no
1406:no
1386:)
1378:no
1355:)
1344:no
1335:)
1327:no
1305:,
1297:no
1262:no
1235:no
1198:no
1179:no
1167:no
1158:)
1150:no
1133:no
1116:no
1099:no
1074:)
1045:no
1008:sv
991:no
972:)
947:no
920:no
911:)
903:no
759:,
755:,
751:,
747:,
718:,
714:,
677:,
673:,
669:,
654:,
581:,
577:,
527:,
463:,
459:,
455:,
402:,
398:,
222:,
218:,
4592:e
4585:t
4578:v
4523:"
4519:"
4142:Å
4137:Ø
4132:Æ
4103:e
4096:t
4089:v
3954:.
3931:.
3901:.
3673:.
3656:.
3639:.
3622:.
3605:.
3588:.
3571:.
3546:/
3533:/
3105:I
3075:/
3064:I
3059:.
3028:.
2953:)
2947:(
2942:)
2938:(
2934:.
2873:ʂ
2839:,
2837:(
2532:/
2526:(
2306:?
2296:?
2287:?
2276:?
2263:(
2261:?
2246:?
2234:?
2225:?
2204:.
2194:.
2184:.
2174:.
2071:/
2065:/
2059:(
1792:)
1788:(
1762:(
1756:)
1740:(
1717:)
1709:(
1699:(
1686:)
1682:(
1665:)
1661:(
1637:(
1620:)
1616:(
1603:)
1599:(
1586:)
1582:(
1565:(
1550:)
1543:)
1532:)
1528:(
1511:(
1490:)
1486:(
1473:)
1469:(
1454:)
1447:)
1431:)
1427:(
1414:)
1410:(
1397:)
1382:(
1369:)
1362:)
1331:(
1309:)
1288:)
1284:(
1270:)
1266:(
1253:)
1249:(
1243:)
1239:(
1226:)
1222:(
1216:)
1212:(
1206:)
1202:(
1187:)
1183:(
1154:(
1141:)
1137:(
1124:)
1120:(
1107:)
1103:(
1090:)
1086:(
1066:(
1053:)
1049:(
1036:)
1032:(
1026:)
1022:(
1016:)
1012:(
999:)
995:(
982:)
978:(
968:(
955:)
951:(
938:)
934:(
928:)
924:(
907:(
881:)
877:(
846:)
840:(
835:)
831:(
827:.
813:.
769:(
763:)
733:)
726:)
707:)
685:)
662:)
647:)
629:)
600:)
589:)
535:.
512:)
494:)
471:)
377:)
371:(
366:)
362:(
352:·
345:·
338:·
331:·
314:.
300:.
161:(
141:)
135:(
130:)
126:(
116:·
109:·
102:·
95:·
68:.
45:.
20:)
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