733:
495:
439:
371:
876:
998:
583:
273:
810:
656:
323:
42:
940:
222:
789:, Owain and the Cumbrians were caught up in campaign, with Owain and his Scottish counterpart, CustantĂn, being put to flight by Ăthelstan's forces. The Cumbrian realm, therefore, seems to have endured the same fate as that of the Scots. The reasons behind Ăthelstan's campaign are uncertain. One possibility is that Owain and CustantĂn had broken certain pledges that they had rendered to the English in 927. Perhaps the latter reneged on a promise to render
399:, Scots, and Cumbrians, to combat the increasing menace of insular Scandinavians. The compact stipulated that, in the event that one of these three peoples were attacked, the others would come to their aid. The Cumbrians and Scots are further stated to have succeeded in destroying several Scandinavian settlements. If this record is indeed accurate, one possibility is that, whilst the Scots focused upon
859:
is not known to have attested any
English charters before 934 could indicate that his absence from Ăthelstan's court was an act of calculated insubordination. As such, the English invasion of 934 could well have been punitive in nature, and its success may be partly exemplified by CustantĂn's appearance in the witness list of the September 934 charter, in which he is the first recorded
1186:, meaning "land of the Cumbrians". Such "Cumbrian" nomenclature is found in royal designations, suggesting that its adoption reflected the realm's political expansion. By the mid tenth century, the "Strathclyde" terminology seems to have been mostly superseded. The expansion of the Cumbrian kingdom may be perceptible in some of the place names of southern Scotland and northern England.
822:
mediaeval chartularies commonly abbreviated witness lists. Remarkably, no Welsh potentates are recorded by the witness list which could indicate that their names were not preserved by the chartulary. If correct, Owain himself could have been amongst the witnesses as well. In any case, Owain certainly seems to have spent time in Ăthelstan's court, attesting several of the latter's
989:âversus the Scandinavians and Scotsâled by AmlaĂb and CustantĂn. Perhaps the Cumbrians' part in the conflict was overshadowed by the combatants; or maybe the poem's composer merely regarded AmlaĂb's supporters to be sufficiently represented by the Scots alone. In any event, if Owain was indeed a participant in the conflict, it is possible that he was amongst those who perished.
640:, an ecclesiastical centre near the River Eamont. The list of attendees in this source differs from that of the chronicle in the fact that Owain himself is listed instead of Owain ap Hywel. In fact, the assemblies may well refer to the same event, and it is not unlikely that both Owains were present. Whatever the case, Owain's involvement may have concerned support rendered to
435:. The record of Dyfnwal's death before 915, and the evidence of Owain ruling the Kingdom of Strathclyde in the later decades, suggests that he succeeded Dyfnwal as king, and represented the realm in the alliance. The Cumbrians are not recorded to have received any assistance from ĂthelflĂŠd; this could indicate that they were attacked after her death in 918.
973:âone of the most important sources for the conflictâclaims that a son of CustantĂn was killed in the affair, and that five kings also lost their lives against the English. Although the Cumbrians are not specifically mentioned by the text, it is possible that the composer chose to leave them out due to technical constraints regarding the piece's
486:, into western Northumbria. Although the presence of Cumbrians in the campaign is not specifically recorded, it is possible that they too participated in the operations against the insular Scandinavians. In any event, Ragnall's ability to weather the attack seems to have led to his consolidation of authority in western Northumbria.
574:. In any event, Ragnall and the sons of Eadwulf are not accorded royal titles in the context of this assemblyâas opposed to the Scottish and Cumbrian kingsâwhich could indicate that the Edward was claiming a degree of dominance over Ragnall and the Eadwulfings that he was not claiming over the other monarchs.
1282:
One explanation of this discrepancy is that, although both men were present at the assembly, the chronicle (or its source) conflated the like-named men. For example, the author of the entry in the chronicleâan entry which appears to date to the eleventh centuryâcould have confused Owain with Owain ap
858:
dated 21 December 937. The ordering of the witness lists in Ăthelstan's surviving charters seems to reveal the eminent standing Owain enjoyed amongst his royal peers, and suggests that he was regarded as the third most powerful king in
Britain, after CustantĂn and Ăthelstan. The fact that CustantĂn
821:
Surviving charter evidence, dating to
September 934, reveals that the defeated CustantĂn submitted to Ăthelstan, and was then in the latter's presence witnessing a charter to one of English king's household men. The actual record of this charter is preserved by a fourteenth-century chartulary. Such
748:
relates that the
English king penetrated into Alba with both land forces and maritime forces, and thereby ravaged much of the realm. Preparations for this massive undertaking appear to be evidenced by several royal charters dating to May and June of that year. The same sources appear to reveal that
560:
states that a treaty of peace was concluded between the parties. One possibility is that the Scots and
Cumbrians were bound not to attack Ragnall's territories in Northumbria as long as Ragnall refrained from conspiring against Edward's authority. The account of Ragnall's attacks upon the Cumbrians
1287:
are derived. The reason why Owain came to be left out of one source, and Owain ap Hywel out of another, may be because later copyists mistakenly presumed that their sources were in error, and that only one king of the name was present. Yet another explanation is that only Owain was present at the
671:
The recorded location of the assemblage may be evidence that the
Cumbrian realm reached as far south as the River Eamont. Certainly, it is an otherwise well-attested phenomenon of mediaeval European monarchs to negotiate with their neighbours on their common territorial boundaries. In fact, the
1027:
It is possible that the scale of the casualties at
Brunanburhâwhich seem to have weakened Ăthelstan's forces as well as those of his opponentsâcould have been seized upon by the Cumbrians to further enable their expansion. Ăthelstan's death in 939 would have also provided another window of
720:), any of which could have served as the venue for an important assembly. Whatever the case, Ăthelstan's assembly in the north, and another convened near the Welsh border not long after, marked a turning point in the history of Britain. Not only did Ăthelstan claim kingship over all the
817:. The stones display significant Scandinavian influences, and are traditionally associated with a legendary king, variably known as Owain Caesarius. It is possible that this figure refers to Owain, or any of the tenth and eleventh-century Cumbrian kings who bore the same name.
801:
states that Ăthelstan invaded Alba because
CustantĂn's realm was "again in revolt". Whether the invasion was unprovoked or orchestrated in revenge, it and another campaign directed against the Cumbrians eleven years later, could well have been utilised by the English
314:
at the hands of conquering
Scandinavians, and the expansion may have been facilitated by cooperation between the Cumbrians and insular Scandinavians in the late ninth- and early tenth century. Over time, the Kingdom of Strathclyde increasingly came to be known as the
541:
Despite the chronicle's claim of Edward's received submission, there is reason to suspect that the event was more a negotiation of sortsâperhaps an agreement concerning the recent reorientation of the political map. For example, Edward had recently gained control of
935:
as "a great, lamentable and horrible battle", the
English victory at Brunanburh was a resounding military achievement for Ăthelstan. Regardless of its significance to contemporaries and later generations, however, the precise location of Brunanburh is uncertain.
362:. Alternately, Dyfnwal could have represented a more distant branch of the same dynasty. In any case, the names borne by Owain and his apparent descendants suggest that he was indeed a member of the royal kindred of Strathclyde.
565:
seems to indicate that he was regarded as a serious threat. The evidence of Cumbrian southward expansion certainly suggests that Owain's realm shared several borders with the insular Scandinavians: an eastern front along the
358:, which reveals he died between 908 and 915. Dyfnwal's parentage is unknown, although he might have been a member of the British dynasty that ruled Strathclyde before him. He could have been a son or grandson of
209:. It is possible that Owain is identical to the unnamed Cumbrian king recorded to have participated in this defeat by the English. If he was indeed present, he could have been amongst the dead. His son
516:, gained the recognition of overlordship from CustantĂn (albeit not identified by name), Ragnall, the sons of Eadwulf (seemingly Ealdred and Uhtred), and an unnamed "king of the Strathclyde Welsh" ("
9400:
7276:
9639:
193:
and seemingly Strathclyde as well. In the aftermath of this campaign, both Owain and CustantĂn are known to have been present at Ăthelstan's royal court, witnessing several charters as
7985:
7114:
692:). The sources that note the assembly, therefore, may reveal that it took place near the River Eamont at Dacre. Another possibility is that the meeting was set in the vicinity of
253:, and the kingdom itself began to bear the name of the valley of the River Clyde, Ystrad Clud (Strathclyde). The kingdom's new capital may have been situated in the vicinity of
1401:) that appears in Ăthelstan's charters, can translate to "sub-king", "under-king", "little under-king", and "subordinate ruler". The form of Owain's name in these charters is
680:
seems to not only corroborate the meeting itself, but may further evince the assembly's importance to the Cumbrians. Specifically, the poem states that CustantĂn hastened to
415:
states that a Scandinavian king "sacked Strathclyde and plundered the land", this attack is also said to have been "ineffectual". The unnamed attacking monarch may have been
1376:), may well be named after the same man. A seventeenth-century account associates Owain Caesarius with the Giant's Caves, located on the north bank of the River Eamont.
10020:
272:
5914:
The Chronicle of Florence of Worcester, with the Two Continuations: Comprising Annals of English History, From the Departure of the Romans to the Reign of Edward I
9941:
732:
494:
438:
7800:
Edmonds, F (2009). "Personal Names and the Cult of Patrick in Eleventh-Century Strathclyde and Northumbria". In Boardman, S; Davies, JR; Williamson, E (eds.).
370:
875:
9180:
931:
in 937. Supporting AmlaĂb against Ăthelstanâthe man who had forced AmlaĂb's father from power in Northumbriaâwere the Scots and Cumbrians. Described by the
131:, this realm appears to have undergone considerable southward expansion in the ninth or tenth century, after which it increasingly came to be known as the
997:
1364:
744:
In 934, the concordat between Ăthelstan and the northern kings collapsed in dramatic fashion, with the former launching an invasion into the north. The
582:
302:
appears to have undergone a period of expansion. Although the precise chronology is uncertain, by 927 the southern frontier appears to have reached the
8777:
Keynes, S (2015). "The Henry Loyn Memorial Lecture for 2008: Welsh Kings at Anglo-Saxon Royal Assemblies (928â55)". In Gathagan, LL; North, W (eds.).
1196:
10055:
8030:
6243:
1006:
8970:
1313:) unearthed in Flusco Pike, near Penrith, date to the 920s/930s. These hoards could have been deposited in connection with the assembly of kings.
947:
Owain may be identical to the Cumbrian king who is recorded to have participated. The sources that refer to the presence of this monarchâsuch as
1170:, a designation likely used by both the northern and the more southerly Britons. Examples of the new terminology for the northern realm include
432:
163:
8442:
9850:
9819:
9711:
9677:
9502:
9457:
9438:
9361:
9335:
9228:
9164:
8990:
8741:
8406:
8230:
8180:
7809:
7755:
7532:
7479:
7262:
7239:
7220:
7197:
7144:
7073:
7037:
6866:
6747:
6624:
5882:
797:
the King of Alba had indeed broke a treaty with Ăthelstan, and that the former was forced to give up a son as an English hostage. Similarly,
688:
in order to render his submission, and it is possible that this terminology refers to the Cumbrian realm (as opposed to the entire island of
7713:
Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland, 500â1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of Her Ninetieth Birthday
392:
147:
9871:
8647:
7908:
1213:
8376:
Language, History and Onomastics in Medieval Cumbria: An Analysis of the Generative Usage of the Cumbric Habitative Generics Cair and Tref
8010:
10002:
6053:
1200:
1037:
277:
9934:
7677:
6027:
374:
7383:
Dalton, P (2006). "Sites and Occasions of Peacemaking in England and Normandy, c. 900âc. 1150". In Morillo, S; Korngiebel, D (eds.).
7052:
9800:
9781:
9565:
9539:
9479:
9255:
9145:
8916:
8786:
8767:
8548:
8517:
8456:
8203:
8114:
8004:
7777:
7724:
7654:
7635:
7564:
7509:
7433:
7396:
7373:
7174:
6835:
6272:
6166:
809:
1465:
This dynastic alliance may lay behind a particularly garbled statement preserved by the somewhat fictionalised thirteenth-century
10060:
9104:
8934:
8606:
8566:
8135:
7313:
6850:
6282:
1036:
appears to reveal that Dyfnwal indeed possessed the kingship not terribly long afterwards. Owain, Dyfnwal, and the latter's son
9265:
Oram, RD (2008). "Royal and Lordly Residence in Scotland c 1050 to c 1250: An Historiographical Review and Critical Revision".
7874:
1355:, may be identical to Owain Caesarius, a legendary figure associated with an assemblage of apparent tenth-century monuments at
322:
9549:
7685:
468:
354:
644:, a man who temporarily seized the kingship of York in 927 before being driven out within the year by Ăthelstan. Certainly,
6894:
Reliquiae Antiquae: Scraps From Ancient Manuscripts, Illustrating Chiefly Early English Literature and the English Language
9927:
6116:
5918:
5672:
1360:
1028:
opportunity to consolidate such territorial gains. In any event, it seems likely that either Owain, or his succeeding son
648:
states that Ăthelstan summoned the Cumbrian and Scottish kings to the assembly after having forced Gofraid from York into
387:
150:
in the second decade of the tenth century. Around this time, the Cumbrians are recorded to have campaigned against either
7703:. Resource Assessment of Local History and Archaeology in West Central Scotland. Glasgow: Glasgow Museums. pp. 1â15.
1283:
Hywel. Another possibility is that both men were associated with the meeting in the sources from which the chronicle and
10008:
9980:
9950:
9894:
1348:
709:
474:
349:
327:
120:
68:
8540:
6884:
957:
753:, and Morgan ab Owain, King of Gwent. The fullest account of the English campaign is preserved by the twelfth-century
750:
478:. The conflict appears to have been associated with CustantĂn's attempt to reinsert the exiled Northumbrian magnate
7739:
7467:
7365:
7029:
6066:
5943:
627:
175:
915:
are recorded in the king's presence. It may have been about this period in time when CustantĂn and Gofraid's son,
7765:
7619:
6888:
6205:
483:
171:
9345:
5990:
William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England, From the Earliest Period to the Reign of King Stephen
655:
9721:
9687:
9515:
King Ăthelstan in the English, Continental and Scandinavian Traditions of the Tenth to the Thirteenth Centuries
9467:
9050:
8698:"P-Celtic in Southern Scotland and Cumbria: A Review of the Place-Name Evidence for Possible Pictish Phonology"
8337:
8290:
8072:
7931:
7542:
Downham, C (2009). "'Hiberno-Norwegians' and 'Anglo-Danes': Anachronistic Ethnicities and Viking-Age England".
6603:
6546:
6512:
6478:
6444:
6410:
6376:
6342:
6308:
6228:
6192:
5860:
5826:
5776:
5742:
1083:. Likewise, since the 1990s academics have accorded Owain various personal names in English secondary sources:
977:
and structure. By leaving out the Cumbrians and Owain, the poem presents the opposing sides symmetrically: the
7947:; Gallagher, D; Holden, T; Hunter, F; Sanderson, D; Thoms, J (2004). "Dundonald Castle Excavations, 1986â93".
41:
9267:
9070:"Review of OJ Padel; DN Parsons, A Commodity of Good Names: Essays in Honour of Margaret Gelling, Donington"
8899:
7448:
7254:
7189:
7047:
6616:
5948:
5798:
755:
5834:
5750:
5712:
1296:
later in 927. As such, there may have been little reason for Owain ap Hywel to attend the northern meeting.
7903:
7524:
7109:
5720:
5637:
1334:
556:
547:
311:
299:
124:
7414:
Davidson, MR (2001). "The (Non)Submission of the Northern Kings in 920". In Higham, NJ; Hill, DH (eds.).
8172:
7792:
1227:
508:
479:
167:
8050:
916:
880:
202:
9867:
158:. Owain may also be the king of Strathclyde who is recorded to have submitted to ĂthelflĂŠd's brother,
9996:
9557:
9349:
8730:
In Search of Vikings: Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Scandinavian Heritage of North-West England
8398:
8098:
6634:
1475:, identified by the saga as a Scottish king named ĂlĂĄfr rauĂ°i, was Scottish on his father's side and
1472:
1328:
1075:
Since the 2000s academics have accorded Owain various patronymic names in English secondary sources:
928:
823:
632:
332:
282:
206:
7575:
9901:
9583:
9519:
8471:
7093:
6158:
5998:
1490:
785:
737:
641:
499:
457:
416:
151:
116:
58:
48:
8982:
8907:
Macquarrie, A (1998) . "The Kings of Strathclyde, c. 400â1018". In Grant, A; Stringer, KJ (eds.).
7734:
Dumville, DN (2018). "Origins of the Kingdom of the English". In Naismith, R; Woodman, DA (eds.).
6574:
524:")âa monarch who may well be identical to Owain himself. The assembly may have taken place in the
419:, who likely controlled territory in western Northumbria at about this time. Another candidate is
9962:
9834:
9757:
9741:
9616:
9429:
Ryan, MJ (2013a). "Conquest, Reform and the Making of England". In Highham, NJ; Ryan, MJ (eds.).
9310:
9284:
9199:
9033:
9017:
8880:
8864:
8817:
8792:
8755:
8725:
8488:
8354:
8315:
7972:
7956:
7891:
7848:
7598:
7352:
7154:
7004:
6970:
6954:
6898:
6666:
6186:
6133:
6099:
6083:
6041:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ăvi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
855:
428:
316:
242:
234:
230:
132:
9448:
Ryan, MJ (2013b). "Sources and Issues, 6B: Viking Age Hoards". In Highham, NJ; Ryan, MJ (eds.).
9000:
McGuigan, N (2015a). "Ălla and the Descendants of Ivar: Politics and Legend in the Viking Age".
7348:
Writing Fire and the Sword: The Perception and Representation of Violence in Viking Age England
6640:
Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History
407:, the Cumbrians could have concentrated their efforts against the Scandinavian colonies in the
9846:
9815:
9796:
9777:
9749:
9707:
9673:
9561:
9535:
9498:
9475:
9453:
9434:
9387:
9357:
9331:
9327:
9302:
9251:
9224:
9207:
9160:
9141:
9084:
9025:
8986:
8912:
8872:
8835:
8782:
8763:
8737:
8712:
8684:
8656:
8544:
8523:
8513:
8462:
8452:
8429:
8402:
8362:
8323:
8284:
8263:
8226:
8199:
8176:
8110:
8081:
8042:
8000:
7964:
7944:
7925:
7856:
7815:
7805:
7773:
7751:
7720:
7716:
7681:
7650:
7631:
7627:
7606:
7560:
7528:
7505:
7485:
7475:
7429:
7402:
7392:
7388:
7369:
7272:
7258:
7235:
7216:
7193:
7170:
7140:
7123:
7069:
7033:
7012:
6962:
6872:
6862:
6831:
6819:
6743:
6620:
6597:
6540:
6506:
6472:
6438:
6404:
6370:
6336:
6302:
6268:
6222:
6162:
6141:
6091:
5878:
5854:
5820:
5770:
5736:
5627:
803:
570:, a southern front along the River Eamont, and a western front along the coast and perhaps in
89:
8640:"Review of P Cavill; G Broderick, Language Contact in the Place-Names of Britain and Ireland"
5869:
923:. Certainly, AmlaĂb consolidated power in Ireland between 934 and 936, before he crossed the
166:. Moreover, Owain seems to have been present at another assembly in 927, when he, CustantĂn,
9990:
9911:
9838:
9733:
9699:
9654:
9624:
9608:
9415:
9292:
9276:
9243:
9189:
9109:
9054:
9009:
8978:
8939:
8856:
8825:
8611:
8571:
8379:
8346:
8307:
8253:
8140:
8102:
7883:
7840:
7743:
7590:
7452:
7419:
7318:
7291:
7079:
7061:
6996:
6987:
6946:
6854:
6656:
6125:
6075:
5984:
5682:
1406:
1356:
1029:
1002:
939:
814:
689:
513:
462:
448:
443:
420:
307:
210:
159:
78:
9829:
Woolf, A (2010). "Reporting Scotland in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle". In Jorgensen, A (ed.).
7065:
6021:
590:
as it appears on folio 141r of British Library Cotton Tiberius B I (the "C" version of the
456:
In the year of ĂthelflĂŠd's death, Ragnall and the Scots fought the bloody but inconclusive
9974:
9968:
9695:
9587:
9527:
9490:
8724:
Kershaw, J (2014). "Viking-Age Silver in North-West England: Hoards and Single Finds". In
8500:
8448:
8209:
7212:
7097:
6913:
6807:
6797:
6711:
6670:
6644:
6247:
6111:
6061:
6008:
5926:
5899:
5803:
5660:
5641:
1042:
1011:
790:
551:
359:
190:
139:
46:
Owain's name and title as it appears on page 158 of Cambridge University Library Ff.1.27 (
9647:
Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society
7087:
6660:
6237:
5631:
378:
189:
Owain is first securely attested in 934, when Ăthelstan invaded and ravaged the Scottish
155:
138:
Owain may have represented the Cumbrians in the tripartite alliance with the kingdoms of
9408:
Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & ArchĂŠological Society
8805:
8241:
7284:
Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & ArchĂŠological Society
6705:
5988:
9599:
Thornton, DE (2001). "Edgar and the Eight Kings, AD 973: Textus et Dramatis Personae".
8966:
7708:
6777:
6757:
1160:
1117:
1055:
974:
721:
705:
660:
637:
424:
238:
221:
8796:
7869:
7828:
6554:
6200:
5964:
5938:
943:
An early twentieth-century depiction of AmlaĂb campaigning against the English in 937.
10049:
9761:
9724:(2013). "Searching for Brunanburh: The Yorkshire Context of the 'Great War' of 937".
9575:
9037:
8884:
8191:
8067:
7940:
6974:
6934:
6907:
6801:
6724:
6694:
6683:
6638:
6283:"Queens Aethelswitha and Aethelflaed, in The Cartulary And Customs Of Abingdon Abbey"
6047:
6036:
6002:
5922:
5912:
1476:
1310:
1141:
1125:
962:
697:
693:
664:
525:
352:. Dyfnwal is specifically attested by only one source, the ninth- to twelfth-century
310:. The catalyst for this southern extension may have been the dramatic decline of the
201:
of the Englishman. Three years later, the Scots and Cumbrians allied themselves with
17:
9737:
9314:
9013:
8106:
8751:
7992:
7669:
7158:
6982:
6739:
5696:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ăvi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London: Longmans & Co.
1495:
1225:
One source that may contradict this annal is the "B" the ninth- to twelfth-century
1133:
1121:
408:
303:
266:
183:
9128:
8958:
8860:
8630:
8590:
8417:
8159:
7337:
6892:
607:
587:
179:
6176:
5788:
5702:
5691:
5676:
1288:
assembly, and that the chronicle has mistaken him for Owain ap Hywel. Certainly,
9814:. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
9513:
9372:
9348:(2006) . "Ireland, Scotland and Wales, c.700 to the Early Eleventh Century". In
9069:
8893:
8697:
8669:
8639:
7497:
6264:
5784:
1235:), which reports that ĂthelflĂŠd secured an alliance with the men of York in 918.
1149:
1137:
1129:
1113:
978:
843:
250:
128:
8943:
8615:
8575:
5893:
5654:
1112:
By about the 920s, the kingdom appears to have comprised much of what is today
1032:, submitted to Ăthelstan soon after the clash at Brunanburh. The tenth-century
10014:
9769:
9703:
9280:
9194:
9175:
9113:
8928:
8895:
Dynastic Strategies and Regional Loyalties: Wessex, Mercia and Kent, c.802â939
8600:
8560:
8512:. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
8311:
8124:
7747:
7502:
The First English Empire: Power and Identities in the British Isles, 1093â1343
7322:
7089:
Cassell's History of England: From the Roman Invasion to the Wars of the Roses
7026:
Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain: From the Picts to Alexander III
7000:
6520:
6129:
6079:
1467:
1352:
1195:
Dyfnwal's name appears in a passage recording the deaths of five kings, after
1145:
907:âwas interrupted before the end of the decade. After 935, none of Ăthelstan's
713:
262:
261:
which straddle the River Clyde, and the apparent inclusion in the realm's new
9753:
9745:
9620:
9391:
9306:
9288:
9247:
9211:
9203:
9098:
9088:
9029:
9021:
8876:
8868:
8839:
8821:
8716:
8688:
8660:
8527:
8466:
8433:
8366:
8358:
8327:
8319:
8267:
8144:
8085:
8046:
7968:
7960:
7895:
7860:
7852:
7819:
7610:
7602:
7594:
7489:
7406:
7307:
7127:
7016:
7008:
6966:
6958:
6950:
6486:
6452:
6418:
6384:
6350:
6316:
6145:
6137:
6095:
6087:
667:, one of several possible locations of an assemblage of northern kings in 927
249:, after which the centre of the realm seems to have relocated further up the
9842:
9612:
9591:
8733:
8129:
7804:. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 42â65.
7474:. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 66â90.
6827:
6811:
6674:
6648:
6012:
6004:
Willelmi Malmesbiriensis Monachi Gesta Regum Anglorum Atque Historia Novella
5930:
5903:
5664:
1426:
970:
924:
780:
760:
623:
229:
For hundreds of years until the late ninth century, the power centre of the
9176:"Why Were Some Tenth-Century English Kings Presented as Rulers of Britain?"
8510:
Prophecy of BerchĂĄn: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages
8213:
7697:"In search of the Northern Britons in the Early Historic Era (AD 400â1100)"
7101:
6917:
6715:
6251:
5645:
749:Ăthelstan was supported on his campaign by the Welsh potentates Hywel Dda,
446:
as it appears on folio 29r of Oxford Bodleian Library Rawlinson B 489 (the
9399:
Cumberland And Westmorland Antiquarian And Archaeological Society (1947).
7844:
6858:
1494:
states that the insular Scandinavians were supported by Scots, Cumbrians,
1359:
collectively known as The Giant's Grave. The nearby site of Castle Hewin (
460:, a clash attested by sources such as the fifteenth- to sixteenth-century
8830:
8258:
7166:
6985:(2004). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900âc.1200".
1293:
986:
982:
955:âfail to identify the man by name. The battle is also the subject of the
717:
571:
567:
535:
404:
280:, as it appears on folio 9r of British Library Cotton Faustina B IX (the
8847:
Lewis, SM (2016). "Vikings on the Ribble: Their Origin and Longphuirt".
8350:
7999:. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 77â95.
7976:
7649:. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 274â275.
7346:
6103:
5790:
Acta Sanctorvm Veteris et Maioris ScotiĂŠ, sev HiberniĂŠ Sanctorvm Insvlae
427:
kinsman of Ragnall, who is stated by the same source to have seized the
9919:
9629:
8068:"Anglo-Saxon History in Medieval Iceland: Actual and Legendary Sources"
7887:
1430:
1212:
The lone surviving pedigree of the dynasty ends with Eochaid's father,
895:Ăthelstan's attempt to incorporate the northern kings into an imperial
813:
The Giant's Grave, a collection of apparent tenth-century monuments at
759:, a source which states that Ăthelstan's land forces marched as far as
538:. In fact, this fortress could well have been the site of the meeting.
330:, as it appears on 29r of Paris BibliothĂšque Nationale Latin 4126 (the
254:
246:
9356:. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 43â63.
9059:
7986:"Scandinavians in Dumfriesshire and Galloway: The Place-Name Evidence"
7521:
Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ăvarr to A.D. 1014
7457:
7424:
1058:, an unknown scribe who drafted several royal charters Owain witnessed
740:
as it appears on folio 29v of Oxford Bodleian Library Rawlinson B 489.
502:
as it appears on folio 29r of Oxford Bodleian Library Rawlinson B 489.
9776:. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 8â10.
9772:(2001a). "Anglo-Scottish Relations: 1. 900â1100". In Lynch, M (ed.).
9297:
8384:
543:
400:
396:
213:
is recorded to have ruled as King of Strathclyde within a few years.
143:
9659:
9420:
7701:
Essays on the Local History and Archaeology of West Central Scotland
7296:
883:
as it appears on folio 7v of British Library Cotton Faustina B IX: "
9795:. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 106.
8276:
8031:"The Politics of Hegemony and the 'Empires' of Anglo-Saxon England"
6114:(1980). "Some Latin Poems as Evidence for the Reign of Athelstan".
9640:"British (Cumbric) Place-Names in the Barony of Gilsland, Cumbria"
8035:
CerĂŠ: An Australasian Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies
7711:(2000). "The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba". In Taylor, S (ed.).
7696:
6876:
5895:
A Cursory Relation of the Antiquities & Familyes in Cumberland
1499:
1306:
996:
938:
904:
903:
systemâan arrangement he had earlier initiated with the rulers of
874:
808:
731:
724:
of Britain, but positioned himself as overking of Britain itself.
701:
673:
654:
581:
493:
437:
369:
321:
271:
258:
220:
8335:
Halloran, K (2011). "Welsh Kings at the English Court, 928â956".
7665:
6026:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ăvi Scriptores. Vol. 1. London:
5681:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ăvi Scriptores. Vol. 1. London:
9831:
Reading the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Language, Literature, History
7770:
The Kingship of the Scots, 842â1292: Succession and Independence
6582:
Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (School of Celtic Studies)
1246:
1172:
1153:
616:
596:
530:
518:
9923:
8670:"Dating Brittonic Place-Names in Southern Scotland and Cumbria"
8093:
Foley, A (2017). "Strathclyde". In Echard, S; Rouse, R (eds.).
6525:
The Electronic Sawyer: Online Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Charters
6491:
The Electronic Sawyer: Online Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Charters
6457:
The Electronic Sawyer: Online Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Charters
6423:
The Electronic Sawyer: Online Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Charters
6389:
The Electronic Sawyer: Online Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Charters
6355:
The Electronic Sawyer: Online Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Charters
6321:
The Electronic Sawyer: Online Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Charters
6038:
Lestorie des Engles Solum la Translacion Maistre Geffrei Gaimar
6023:
Lestorie des Engles Solum la Translacion Maistre Geffrei Gaimar
9140:. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 514â515.
8535:
Hudson, BT (2002). "The Scottish Gaze". In McDonald, R (ed.).
8298:
Halloran, K (2005). "The Brunanburh Campaign: A Reappraisal".
7576:"Church Archaeology in Glasgow and the Kingdom of Strathclyde"
7559:. Vol. 3. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 839â841.
6912:. Publications of the Caxton Society. London: Caxton Society.
606:
Owain may also have participated in an assembly of kings with
112:
6613:
Geffrei Gaimar: Estoire des Englesis â History of the English
1419:
1411:
1017:
9833:. Studies in the Early Middle Ages. Vol. 23. Turnhout:
9155:
Minard, A (2012). "Cumbria". In Koch, JT; Minard, A (eds.).
7466:
Davies, JR (2009). "Bishop Kentigern Among the Britons". In
806:
as a way to overawe and intimidate neighbouring potentates.
431:
before the attack. The leader of the Scots at that time was
9694:. British History in Perspective. Houndmills, Basingstoke:
9692:
Kingship and Government in Pre-Conquest England, c.500â1066
7445:
Submission and Imperium in the Early Medieval Insular World
1471:, which claims that the leader of the Scandinavians at the
186:, seemingly the southern frontier of the Cumbrian kingdom.
178:, acknowledged overlordship of Edward's son and successor,
9452:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 329â334.
9433:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 284â322.
5633:
Scottish Annals From English Chroniclers, A.D. 500 to 1286
9221:
The Formation of the English Kingdom in the Tenth Century
7139:. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6561:(22 January 2011 ed.). University College Cork. 2011
506:
In 920, the "A" version of the ninth- to twelfth-century
381:, from folio 14r of British Library Cotton Claudius B VI.
9582:. The Oxford History of England (2nd ed.). Oxford:
9047:
Neither Scotland nor England: Middle Britain, c.850â1150
8911:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1â19.
8779:
The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History
7385:
The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History
7209:
The Makers of Scotland: Picts, Romans, Gaels and Vikings
6784:(15 August 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012
6764:(29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008
9791:
Woolf, A (2001b). "Constantine II". In Lynch, M (ed.).
9497:(2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 57â58.
9495:
The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England
7676:. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Monograph Series.
7186:
The Men of the North: The Britons and Southern Scotland
5971:(21 March 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010
1368:), a place name meaning "Owain's castle" (derived from
1292:
records that Ăthelstan met with several Welsh kings at
9373:"On the Origin of 'Hiberno-Norse Inversion-Compounds'"
9242:. Vol. 8. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8971:"Genesis: 'The Witan of the English People', 924â1066"
8246:
Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion
7829:"The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria"
7115:
Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion
6937:(2006). "Britons in the Barony of Gilsland, Cumbria".
391:
is to be believed, at some point between 911 and 918,
319:
reflecting its expansion far beyond the Clyde valley.
276:
The title of Owain's grandson and eventual successor,
123:, who may have been related to previous rulers of the
8139:(September 2011a ed.). Oxford University Press.
6803:
Florentii Wigorniensis Monachi Chronicon ex Chronicis
826:. For example, he appears to have witnessed one as a
9108:(September 2011 ed.). Oxford University Press.
8781:. Vol. 26. The Boydell Press. pp. 69â122.
8537:
History, Literature, and Music in Scotland, 700â1560
7666:"Govan: An Early Medieval Royal Centre on the Clyde"
5993:. Bohn's Antiquarian Library. London: Henry G. Bohn.
8762:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 48â82.
8190:Forsyth, K (2005). "Origins: Scotland to 1100". In
6806:. Vol. 1. London: English Historical Society.
6007:. Vol. 1. London: English Historical Society.
5656:
Early Sources of Scottish History, A.D. 500 to 1286
528:, a region where Edward had recently constructed a
98:
88:
84:
74:
64:
57:
34:
9097:
8927:
8599:
8559:
8470:
8198:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 9â37.
8128:
8095:The Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature in Britain
7736:Writing, Kingship and Power in Anglo-Saxon England
7645:Driscoll, ST (2001b). "Govan". In Lynch, M (ed.).
7306:
7251:Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age
7051:
6736:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition
6261:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition
182:. This assembly may have been held on or near the
9159:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 234â235.
8754:(2001) . "The Vikings in England, c.790â106". In
1347:Either Owain himself, or his like-named grandson
771:, and that his maritime forces reached as far as
700:. Not far from this location are two prehistoric
9136:Minard, A (2006). "Cumbria". In Koch, JT (ed.).
8909:Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community
7630:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 180.
7555:Driscoll, S (2006). "Govan". In Koch, JT (ed.).
7364:. Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. Leicester:
7112:(2013a). "Reflections on Early-Medieval Wales".
919:, concluded the marital alliance referred to by
630:, and Ealdred. According to the twelfth-century
622:, and was attended by Ăthelstan, the Welsh king
9099:"Edward [Edward the Elder] (870s?â924)"
8975:The Origins of the English Parliament, 924â1327
9489:Scragg, D (2014) . "Battle of Brunanburh". In
9935:
8760:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
7870:"The Expansion of the Kingdom of Strathclyde"
6909:The Anglo-Norman Chronicle of Geoffrey Gaimar
1442:
1434:
1370:
1244:This record is the last instance of the term
298:At some point after the loss of Al Clud, the
225:Locations relating to Owain's life and times.
8:
9672:(EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press.
9181:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
8938:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
8610:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
8570:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
7317:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1506:makes note of treacherous Welsh chieftains (
1405:. This name is Latin, and can represent the
610:in 927. According to the "D" version of the
365:
9532:Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80â1000
1450:
1395:
1387:
1267:
1180:
1164:
909:
897:
885:
861:
848:
836:
828:
773:
765:
682:
338:
288:
195:
9942:
9928:
9920:
9876:
9238:Naismith, R (2017). Naismith, Rory (ed.).
6643:. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House.
5121:chs. Brunanburh ¶¶ 4, 13, Angelcynn ¶ 17;
2271:chs. genealogical tables, 1 ¶ 13, 4 ¶ 14;
842:(with CustantĂn and three Welsh kings) in
834:in Worthy dated 20 June 931, and one as a
127:. Originally centred in the valley of the
40:
31:
9658:
9628:
9534:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
9493:; Blair, J; Keynes, S; Scragg, D (eds.).
9419:
9296:
9193:
9138:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
9058:
8983:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199585502.003.0001
8829:
8418:"Historical Literature of Early Scotland"
8383:
8257:
8225:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7789:The Brittonic Kingdoms of the 'Old North'
7772:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
7557:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
7456:
7423:
7295:
7163:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
7060:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
6824:English Historical Documents, c. 500â1042
6049:Symeonis Dunelmensis Opera et Collectanea
1351:, or else their ultimate royal successor
1273:("king of the Cumbrians") by this source.
1256:for the population of the Cumbrian realm.
9793:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
9774:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
8221:Forte, A; Oram, RD; Pedersen, F (2005).
8171:. Yale English Monarchs. New Haven, CT:
7647:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
7624:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
6849:. The Middle Ages Series. Philadelphia:
5707:. Vol. 2. London: Charles J. Clark.
5659:. Vol. 1. London: Oliver and Boyd.
1510:), men who appear to refer to Cumbrians.
577:
489:
366:ĂthelflĂŠd's tripartite northern alliance
269:may explain this change in terminology.
9105:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
8935:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
8607:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
8567:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
8378:(PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.
8242:"Tenth-Century Wales and Armes Prydein"
8136:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
7674:The Stone of Destiny: Artefact and Icon
7418:. London: Routledge. pp. 200â211.
7314:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
7058:The Oxford Companion to British History
6710:. Vol. 3, pt. 2. London: Seeleys.
6244:Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
3840:chs. Brunanburh ¶ 2, Northumbria ¶ 18;
2804:ch. Northumbria ¶ 8, Northumbria n. 5;
1522:
1068:
1007:Oxford Bodleian Library Rawlinson B 502
265:of the valley and the region of modern
9472:From Roman Britain to Northern England
8995:– via Oxford Scholarship Online.
8496:
8486:
8282:
7923:
7618:Driscoll, ST (2001a). "Dumbarton". In
6729:. Vol. 4, pt. 1. London: Seeleys.
6699:. Vol. 2, pt. 2. London: Seeleys.
6688:. Vol. 2, pt. 1. London: Seeleys.
6595:
6538:
6504:
6470:
6436:
6402:
6368:
6334:
6300:
6220:
6184:
6056:. Vol. 1. Durham: Andrews and Co.
5852:
5818:
5768:
5755:Early Manuscripts at Oxford University
5734:
5717:Early Manuscripts at Oxford University
1994:Ewart; Pringle; Caldwell et al. (2004)
1883:Ewart; Pringle; Caldwell et al. (2004)
1815:Ewart; Pringle; Caldwell et al. (2004)
1783:Ewart; Pringle; Caldwell et al. (2004)
1747:Ewart; Pringle; Caldwell et al. (2004)
1197:Cormac mac CuilennĂĄin, King of Munster
326:The title of Owain's apparent father,
9670:Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland
9556:. The Peoples of Europe. Malden, MA:
9157:The Celts: History, Life, and Culture
7056:. In Crowcroft, R; Cannon, J (eds.).
1326:, the twelfth- to thirteenth-century
472:, and the tenth- or eleventh-century
7:
9872:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
9380:The Journal of Scottish Name Studies
9077:The Journal of Scottish Name Studies
8705:The Journal of Scottish Name Studies
8677:The Journal of Scottish Name Studies
8648:The Journal of Scottish Name Studies
8169:Ăthelstan, the First King of England
7909:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
7470:; Davies, JR; Williamson, E (eds.).
7234:(EPUB). Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited.
7066:10.1093/acref/9780199677832.001.0001
6035:Hardy, TD; Martin, CT, eds. (1889).
6020:Hardy, TD; Martin, CT, eds. (1888).
1214:Rhun ab Arthgal, King of Strathclyde
1046:in a passage concerning the latter.
1040:, are attested by the tenth-century
783:). According to the twelfth-century
578:Ăthelstan's northern assembly of 927
237:("Rock of the Clyde"). In 870, this
9474:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
9223:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
8977:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
7939:Ewart, G; Pringle, D; Caldwell, D;
7504:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6054:Publications of the Surtees Society
5751:"Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 502"
5713:"Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489"
4220:p. 95, 95 n. 103, 104, 104 n. 140;
2422:Queens Aethelswitha and Aethelflaed
696:, between the River Eamont and the
608:Ăthelstan, King of the Anglo-Saxons
9354:The New Cambridge Medieval History
9324:The Kings & Queens of Scotland
8728:; Griffiths, D; Royles, E (eds.).
7678:Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
7672:; Clancy, TO; Welander, R (eds.).
7165:. Vol. 5. Santa Barbara, CA:
6064:(1998). "The Scottish Chronicle".
4527:pp. 84â85 fig. 1, 91â92, 105â106;
2279:chs. genealogical tables, 9 ¶ 17;
512:alleges that ĂthelflĂŠd's brother,
25:
7802:Saints' Cults in the Celtic World
7472:Saints' Cults in the Celtic World
5507:Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 502
3824:Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489
2788:Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489
2657:Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489
1005:, as they appear on folio 25r of
490:Edward's northern assembly of 920
9726:Yorkshire Archaeological Journal
8395:Athelstan: The Making of England
6851:University of Pennsylvania Press
6726:The Church Historians of England
6707:The Church Historians of England
6696:The Church Historians of England
6685:The Church Historians of England
6155:Anglo-Latin Literature, 900â1066
1201:Domnall mac Ăeda, King of Ailech
1001:The names of Owain and his son,
514:Edward, King of the Anglo-Saxons
466:, the ninth- to twelfth-century
433:CustantĂn mac Ăeda, King of Alba
164:CustantĂn mac Ăeda, King of Alba
160:Edward, King of the Anglo-Saxons
115:934) was an early tenth-century
10035:Uncertain kings are italicised.
9812:From Pictland to Alba, 789â1070
9738:10.1179/0084427613Z.00000000021
9014:10.1179/0078172X14Z.00000000075
8277:"The Invasion of Scotland, 934"
8107:10.1002/9781118396957.wbemlb665
7949:Scottish Archaeological Journal
7137:Wales and the Britons, 350â1064
6028:Her Majesty's Stationery Office
5965:"Fragmentary Annals of Ireland"
5939:"Fragmentary Annals of Ireland"
1322:Other relevant sources include
927:and engaged the English at the
846:dated 935, and two others as a
727:
393:ĂthelflĂŠd, Lady of the Mercians
148:ĂthelflĂŠd, Lady of the Mercians
10056:10th-century Scottish monarchs
8422:Studies in Scottish Literature
6847:The Complete Old English Poems
1332:, and the seventeenth-century
469:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
355:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
1:
8861:10.1080/0078172X.2016.1127570
7904:"Eogan mac Domnaill 1 (Male)"
7135:Charles-Edwards, TM (2013b).
5947:(5 September 2008 ed.).
5757:. Oxford Digital Library. n.d
2596:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2589:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2542:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2535:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2460:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2449:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2315:pp. 150, 156â157, 157 n. 39;
1231:(a version also known as the
628:Owain ap Hywel, King of Gwent
563:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
413:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
388:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
176:Owain ap Hywel, King of Gwent
9129:UK public library membership
8959:UK public library membership
8631:UK public library membership
8601:"ĂlĂĄf Guthfrithson (d. 941)"
8591:UK public library membership
8160:UK public library membership
7387:. Vol. 16. Woodbridge:
7338:UK public library membership
7277:"The Giant's Grave, Penrith"
7053:"Brunanburh, Battle of, 937"
5793:. Lyon: Everardvm de VVitte.
5693:Symeonis Monachi Opera Omnia
5678:Symeonis Monachi Opera Omnia
5167:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
5101:Cassell's History of England
4914:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
4866:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
4798:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
4593:pp. 30 n. 71, 57, 57 n. 43;
4531:pp. 30 n. 71, 57, 57 n. 43;
4445:pp. 30 n. 71, 57, 57 n. 43;
4402:pp. 96â97, 104, 104 n. 139;
4086:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
3982:pp. 511â512, 515 tab. 16.1;
3890:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
3862:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
3721:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
3533:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
3509:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
3129:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
2715:pp. 406â407, 406 n. 3, 446;
2371:pp. 56, 72, 173 genealogy 6.
1324:Historia de Sancto Cuthberto
854:(with three Welsh kings) in
636:, an assembly took place at
614:, the meeting took place at
554:in 919. The twelfth-century
475:Historia de sancto Cuthberto
395:orchestrated an alliance of
350:Dyfnwal, King of Strathclyde
121:Dyfnwal, King of Strathclyde
8898:(PhD thesis). Vol. 2.
8541:University of Toronto Press
7997:Galloway: Land and Lordship
6845:Williamson, C, ed. (2017).
6046:Hodgson Hinde, ed. (1868).
5877:. Exeter: Short Run Press.
5868:Einarsson, B, ed. (2013) .
4477:pp. 84â85 fig. 1, 89, 105;
4390:pp. 84â85 fig. 1, 91, 105;
871:Defeat at Brunanburh in 937
751:Idwal Foel, King of Gwynedd
728:Ăthelstan's invasion of 934
205:against the English at the
119:. He was probably a son of
10077:
8397:(EPUB). Penguin Monarchs.
8300:Scottish Historical Review
7984:Fellows-Jensen, G (1991).
7833:Scottish Historical Review
7740:Cambridge University Press
7366:Leicester University Press
7157:(2006). "Ystrad Clud". In
7030:Edinburgh University Press
6782:Corpus of Electronic Texts
6762:Corpus of Electronic Texts
6738:. Vol. 4. Cambridge:
6723:Stevenson, J, ed. (1856).
6704:Stevenson, J, ed. (1855).
6693:Stevenson, J, ed. (1854).
6682:Stevenson, J, ed. (1853).
6559:Corpus of Electronic Texts
6263:. Vol. 5. Cambridge:
6259:O'Keeffe, KO, ed. (2001).
6239:The Annals of Clonmacnoise
6067:Scottish Historical Review
5969:Corpus of Electronic Texts
5944:Corpus of Electronic Texts
5919:Bohn's Antiquarian Library
5653:Anderson, AO, ed. (1922).
4948:pp. 142â143 §§ 3515â3528;
4940:pp. 192â193 §§ 3513â3526;
3479:pp. 213â214 bk. 2 ch. 134.
348:Owain was likely a son of
162:, in 920 with Ragnall and
10030:
9957:
9908:
9899:
9891:
9886:
9879:
9704:10.1007/978-1-349-27454-3
9281:10.1017/S0003581500001372
9240:Medieval European Coinage
9195:10.1017/S0080440111000041
8312:10.3366/shr.2005.84.2.133
7748:10.1017/9781316676066.005
7416:Edward the Elder, 899â924
7001:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111
6206:Cambridge Digital Library
6130:10.1017/S0263675100001113
6080:10.3366/shr.1998.77.2.129
5911:Forester, T, ed. (1854).
5892:Ferguson, R, ed. (1890).
5799:"Cotton MS Faustina B IX"
3974:pp. 84â85 fig. 1, 90â91;
3920:pp. 84â85 fig. 1, 90â91;
3547:pp. 132â133 bk. 2 ch. 6;
3475:pp. 133â134 bk. 2 ch. 6;
2812:ch. 4 ¶¶ 29â33, 4 n. 36;
1980:pp. 160â161, 161 n. 146;
710:King Arthur's Round Table
550:, while Ragnall acquired
39:
9248:10.1017/CBO9781139031370
9051:University of St Andrews
8810:The Welsh History Review
8444:Kings of Celtic Scotland
8338:The Welsh History Review
8073:Leeds Studies in English
7595:10.3366/inr.1998.49.2.95
6951:10.1179/174587006X116194
6826:(2nd ed.). London:
5835:"Cotton MS Tiberius B I"
5598:
5590:
5563:
5527:
5470:
5458:
5434:
5422:
5418:
5406:
5402:
5374:
5370:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5270:
5242:
5178:
5126:
5118:
5099:
5087:
5063:
5059:
5019:
4985:
4969:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4917:
4885:
4845:
4769:
4765:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4727:
4719:
4707:
4691:
4667:
4655:
4636:
4629:
4614:
4606:
4601:pp. 515 tab. 16.1, 516;
4594:
4560:
4548:
4532:
4520:
4505:
4494:
4486:
4485:pp. 515 tab. 16.1, 516;
4446:
4438:
4434:
4407:
4399:
4383:
4379:
4323:
4296:
4253:
4217:
4205:
4201:
4173:
4169:
4153:
4121:
4113:
4101:
4097:
4065:
4037:
4029:
4013:
3983:
3937:
3933:
3897:
3881:
3845:
3837:
3740:
3688:
3668:
3652:
3629:Wright; Halliwell (1845)
3620:
3560:
3536:
3524:
3512:
3488:
3468:
3464:
3444:
3364:
3340:
3300:
3284:
3268:
3252:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3192:
3172:
3160:
3152:
3132:
3104:
3092:
3029:
2937:
2921:
2889:
2881:
2853:
2849:
2832:pp. 225â227, 226 n. 20;
2809:
2801:
2740:
2728:
2670:
2629:
2613:
2583:
2567:
2547:
2525:
2513:
2497:
2477:
2469:
2435:
2324:
2296:
2287:pp. 72, 173 genealogy 6.
2268:
2249:
2233:
2081:
2053:
2017:
2009:
1997:
1957:
1953:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1874:
1850:
1837:chs. 1 ¶ 23, 3 ¶ 11â12;
1834:
1830:
1826:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1758:
1666:
1662:
1626:
1622:
1610:
961:, a remarkable piece of
659:The prehistoric site of
385:If the eleventh-century
10061:Monarchs of Strathclyde
9843:10.1484/M.SEM-EB.3.4457
9613:10.1111/1468-0254.00079
9268:The Antiquaries Journal
8900:University of Sheffield
8806:"Hywel Dda: Anglophil?"
8130:"Ăthelstan (893/4â939)"
7449:University of Edinburgh
7092:. Vol. 1. London:
6906:Wright, T, ed. (1850).
6897:. Vol. 2. London:
6734:Taylor, S, ed. (1983).
6617:Oxford University Press
6236:Murphy, D, ed. (1896).
5949:University College Cork
5690:Arnold, T, ed. (1885).
5602:
5594:
5586:
5579:
5567:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5539:
5512:
5505:
5501:
5494:
5490:
5478:
5474:
5446:
5398:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5358:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5275:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
5274:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5223:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
5222:
5218:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5131:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
5130:
5122:
5114:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5055:
5043:
5039:
5027:
5023:
5015:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4993:
4989:
4973:
4965:
4933:
4921:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4881:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4849:
4841:
4837:
4825:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4785:
4773:
4752:Cotton MS Faustina B IX
4723:
4695:
4680:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
4679:
4651:
4622:
4618:
4610:
4602:
4599:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
4598:
4590:
4586:
4571:
4564:
4556:
4552:
4544:
4540:
4537:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
4536:
4528:
4524:
4498:
4490:
4483:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
4482:
4478:
4474:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4451:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
4450:
4442:
4422:
4403:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4367:
4363:
4351:
4347:
4335:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4289:
4285:
4273:
4261:
4257:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4213:
4209:
4189:
4177:
4165:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4117:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4073:
4069:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4009:
3994:
3987:
3980:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3979:
3975:
3971:
3956:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3929:
3925:
3922:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3921:
3917:
3905:
3901:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3877:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3841:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3776:
3772:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3684:
3673:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3672:
3656:
3649:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3648:
3644:
3640:
3628:
3624:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3592:
3589:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3588:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3565:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3564:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3532:
3528:
3508:
3505:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3504:
3492:
3476:
3472:
3460:
3448:
3440:
3436:
3424:
3420:
3408:
3397:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3396:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3369:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3368:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3336:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3280:
3277:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3276:
3272:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3212:
3208:
3207:pp. 100, 164â165, 213;
3204:
3200:
3196:
3188:
3184:
3181:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3180:
3176:
3168:
3164:
3156:
3140:
3136:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3100:
3097:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
3096:
3088:
3073:
3069:
3057:
3045:
3041:
3017:
3005:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2941:
2933:
2909:
2897:
2893:
2885:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2836:p. 144â145, 145 n. 22;
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2805:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2760:
2756:
2744:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2674:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2617:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2571:
2555:
2551:
2540:
2533:
2529:
2501:
2485:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2458:
2454:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2420:
2408:
2396:
2392:
2380:
2368:
2364:
2352:
2348:
2336:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2273:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
2272:
2253:
2245:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2193:
2182:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
2181:
2177:
2173:
2161:
2149:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2106:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
2105:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2077:
2074:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
2073:
2069:
2057:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2022:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
2021:
2018:Charles-Edwards (2013a)
2013:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1940:Cotton MS Faustina B IX
1926:
1915:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
1914:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1843:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
1842:
1838:
1814:
1810:
1802:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1767:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
1766:
1762:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1723:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
1722:
1718:
1706:
1703:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
1702:
1690:
1686:
1674:
1670:
1658:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1618:
1614:
1599:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
1598:
1594:
1579:
1568:Charles-Edwards (2013b)
1567:
1563:
1548:
1544:
1529:
1443:
1435:
1420:
1412:
1371:
1247:
1173:
1154:
1018:
949:Historia regum Anglorum
756:Historia regum Anglorum
712:) and the remains of a
617:
597:
519:
8944:10.1093/ref:odnb/49382
8926:Macquarrie, A (2004).
8797:10.7722/j.ctt17mvjs6.9
8616:10.1093/ref:odnb/20670
8576:10.1093/ref:odnb/39225
7525:Dunedin Academic Press
7360:Crawford, BE (1997) .
7305:Costambeys, M (2004).
7230:Clarkson, T (2012b) .
7207:Clarkson, T (2012a) .
7169:. pp. 1818â1821.
6778:"The Annals of Ulster"
6758:"The Annals of Ulster"
6611:Short, I, ed. (2009).
5721:Oxford Digital Library
5597:pp. 101, 174 nn. 7â9;
5504:pp. 101, 174 nn. 7â9;
4589:pp. 84â85 fig. 1, 92;
4563:pp. 96, 98, 105, 130;
4523:ch. Northumbria ¶ 19;
4461:pp. 84 n. 86, 89, 92;
4441:ch. Northumbria ¶ 19;
4386:ch. Northumbria ¶ 18;
3075:Cotton MS Tiberius B I
2856:pp. 57â58, 58 n. 140;
1451:
1396:
1388:
1335:Annals of Clonmacnoise
1268:
1181:
1165:
1024:
985:âled by Ăthelstan and
944:
921:Chronicon ex chronicis
910:
898:
892:
886:
862:
849:
837:
829:
818:
795:Chronicon ex chronicis
774:
766:
741:
683:
668:
603:
586:The name and title of
557:Chronicon ex chronicis
503:
453:
382:
345:
339:
312:Kingdom of Northumbria
300:Kingdom of Strathclyde
295:
289:
226:
196:
125:Kingdom of Strathclyde
9601:Early Medieval Europe
9450:The Anglo-Saxon World
9431:The Anglo-Saxon World
9219:Molyneaux, G (2015).
9174:Molyneaux, G (2011).
9114:10.1093/ref:odnb/8514
9045:McGuigan, N (2015b).
8173:Yale University Press
8099:John Wiley & Sons
7875:Early Medieval Europe
7845:10.3366/shr.2014.0216
7793:Sidney Sussex College
7695:Driscoll, ST (2015).
7664:Driscoll, ST (2003).
7574:Driscoll, ST (1998).
7544:Mediaeval Scandinavia
7443:Davidson, MR (2002).
7362:Scandinavian Scotland
7323:10.1093/ref:odnb/8907
6859:10.9783/9780812293210
5898:. Kendal: T. Wilson.
5704:Cartularium Saxonicum
5062:chs. Malmesbury ¶ 9;
4952:p. 119 §§ 3515â3528;
4944:p. 113 §§ 3515â3528;
3551:p. 212 bk. 2 ch. 134.
3539:pp. 80â81, 81 n. 50;
3355:p. 212 bk. 2 ch. 134.
3327:p. 212 bk. 2 ch. 134.
3311:pp. 75â76, 174 n. 7;
3303:pp. 80â81, 81 n. 50;
3223:pp. 76â77, 77 n. 32;
2924:ch. Northumbria n. 5.
2884:ch. Northumbria ¶ 8;
2200:pp. 199â200, 204â205.
2094:Fellows-Jensen (1991)
2084:pp. 35â36, 36 n. 78;
1479:on his mother's side.
1254:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1228:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1000:
967:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
942:
878:
812:
746:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
735:
678:Carta, dirige gressus
658:
612:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
592:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
585:
509:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
497:
441:
373:
325:
275:
224:
18:Owen I of Strathclyde
9951:Kings of Strathclyde
9868:Eogan mac Domnaill 1
9837:. pp. 221â239.
9668:Walker, IW (2013) .
9558:Blackwell Publishing
9371:Parsons, DN (2011).
8736:. pp. 149â164.
8598:Hudson, BT (2004b).
8558:Hudson, BT (2004a).
8289:: CS1 maint: year (
8275:Halloran, K (n.d.).
8145:10.1093/ref:odnb/833
8066:Fjalldal, M (2003).
7995:; Stell, GP (eds.).
7930:: CS1 maint: year (
7787:Dunshea, PM (2012).
7308:"ĂthelflĂŠd (d. 918)"
7249:Clarkson, T (2014).
7232:The Picts: A History
7184:Clarkson, T (2010).
6602:: CS1 maint: year (
6545:: CS1 maint: year (
6511:: CS1 maint: year (
6477:: CS1 maint: year (
6443:: CS1 maint: year (
6409:: CS1 maint: year (
6375:: CS1 maint: year (
6341:: CS1 maint: year (
6307:: CS1 maint: year (
6227:: CS1 maint: year (
6191:: CS1 maint: year (
5859:: CS1 maint: year (
5825:: CS1 maint: year (
5775:: CS1 maint: year (
5741:: CS1 maint: year (
5297:p. 76 bk. 2 ch. 18;
5245:p. 106, 106 n. 147;
5022:p. 106, 106 n. 148;
5010:The Annals of Ulster
4995:The Annals of Ulster
4946:Hardy; Martin (1888)
4942:Hardy; Martin (1889)
4624:Eogan mac Domnaill 1
4566:Eogan mac Domnaill 1
4500:Eogan mac Domnaill 1
4264:p. 206 bk 2 ch. 131.
4260:p. 129 bk. 2 ch. 4;
4140:p. 76 bk. 2 ch. 18;
4124:p. 104, 104 n. 138;
4040:p. 104, 104 n. 137;
3817:The Annals of Ulster
3810:The Annals of Ulster
3371:pp. 505 n. 43, 512;
3351:p. 133 bk. 2 ch. 6;
3323:p. 133 bk. 2 ch. 6;
2820:ch. 3 ¶¶ 22, 24â25;
2781:The Annals of Ulster
2774:The Annals of Ulster
2725:Hodgson Hinde (1868)
2723:pp. 208â209 ch. 22;
2695:The Annals of Ulster
2680:The Annals of Ulster
2650:The Annals of Ulster
2643:The Annals of Ulster
2000:pp. 35â37, 36 n. 78.
1899:Driscoll, ST (2001b)
1895:Driscoll, ST (2001a)
1581:Eogan mac Domnaill 1
1550:Eogan mac Domnaill 1
1488:The twelfth-century
1473:Battle of Brunanburh
1329:Chronicle of Melrose
1290:Gesta regum Anglorum
1285:Gesta regum Anglorum
1019:Domnaill meic Eogain
958:Battle of Brunanburh
929:Battle of Brunanburh
887:Anlafus rex HáșberniĂŠ
799:Gesta regum Anglorum
646:Gesta regum Anglorum
633:Gesta regum Anglorum
520:StrĂŠcledweala cyning
375:Illuminated portrait
333:Poppleton manuscript
283:Chronicle of Melrose
233:was the fortress of
207:Battle of Brunanburh
9902:King of Strathclyde
9584:The Clarendon Press
9580:Anglo-Saxon England
9520:University of Leeds
9326:. Brimscombe Port:
9068:Millar, RM (2009).
8892:Little, GR (2007).
8561:"Ealdred (d. 933?)"
8508:Hudson, BT (1996).
8441:Hudson, BT (1994).
8416:Hudson, BT (1991).
8393:Holland, T (2016).
8351:10.16922/whr.25.3.1
8196:Scotland: A History
7955:(1â2): iâx, 1â166.
7868:Edmonds, F (2015).
7827:Edmonds, F (2014).
7742:. pp. 71â121.
7519:Downham, C (2007).
7253:(EPUB). Edinburgh:
7211:(EPUB). Edinburgh:
7188:(EPUB). Edinburgh:
7110:Charles-Edwards, TM
7094:Cassell and Company
6662:Chronica de Mailros
6159:The Hambledon Press
6153:Lapidge, M (1993).
6117:Anglo-Saxon England
5701:Birch, WDG (1887).
5241:p. 141, 141 n. 54;
5169:pp. 99 n. 49, 109;
4916:pp. 99 n. 49, 109;
4852:pp. 411â412 ch. 51.
4726:pp. 407â408 § 704;
4543:p. 141, 141 n. 22;
4406:pp. 407â408 § 704;
4216:p. 137, 137 n. 25;
3703:p. 162, 162 n. 14;
3623:pp. 20, 66, 79â80;
3307:pp. 38, 220 n. 10;
3283:p. 162, 162 n. 15;
2232:p. 144, 144 n. 27;
2010:Dumville, DN (2018)
1958:Driscoll, ST (2015)
1954:Dumville, DN (2018)
1903:Driscoll, ST (1998)
1887:Driscoll, ST (2003)
1831:Driscoll, ST (2015)
1795:Driscoll, ST (2015)
1759:Driscoll, ST (2015)
1491:Estoire des Engleis
953:Libellus de exordio
786:Libellus de exordio
458:Battle of Corbridge
117:King of Strathclyde
59:King of Strathclyde
49:Libellus de exordio
27:King of Strathclyde
9835:Brepols Publishers
9512:Smith, AM (2014).
9322:Oram, RD (2011) .
9096:Miller, S (2011).
8804:Kirby, DP (1976).
8732:. Boca Raton, FL:
8696:James, AG (2013).
8668:James, AG (2011).
8638:James, AG (2009).
8543:. pp. 29â59.
8374:Hicks, DA (2003).
8240:Fulton, H (2000).
7888:10.1111/emed.12087
7719:. pp. 73â86.
7680:. pp. 77â83.
7391:. pp. 12â26.
7353:University of York
6899:John Russell Smith
6667:The Bannatyne Club
5385:pp. 169, 172â173;
4698:p. 167, 167 n. 86.
4539:p. 515 tab. 16.1;
4324:Collingwood (1923)
4297:Collingwood (1923)
3940:pp. 96â97, 98â99;
3924:p. 515 tab. 16.1;
3900:p. 96, 96 n. 108;
2472:p. 61, 61 n. 157;
2309:Dumville, D (2000)
2275:p. 572 fig. 17.4;
2012:pp. 72, 110, 118;
1875:Driscoll, S (2006)
1741:pp. 66, 142, 162;
1448:(the Modern Welsh
1252:to be used by the
1077:Eogan mac Domnaill
1034:Life of St CathrĂłe
1025:
945:
893:
881:AmlaĂb mac Gofraid
819:
742:
669:
604:
504:
454:
429:kingship of Dublin
383:
346:
317:Kingdom of Cumbria
296:
231:Kingdom of Al Clud
227:
203:AmlaĂb mac Gofraid
133:Kingdom of Cumbria
10043:
10042:
9918:
9917:
9909:Succeeded by
9852:978-2-503-52394-1
9821:978-0-7486-1233-8
9810:Woolf, A (2007).
9713:978-1-349-27454-3
9679:978-0-7524-9519-4
9638:Todd, JM (2005).
9504:978-0-470-65632-7
9459:978-0-300-12534-4
9440:978-0-300-12534-4
9363:978-0-521-36292-4
9337:978-0-7524-7099-3
9328:The History Press
9230:978-0-19-871791-1
9166:978-1-59884-964-6
9127:(Subscription or
8992:978-0-19-958550-2
8957:(Subscription or
8929:"Donald (d. 975)"
8743:978-1-4822-0759-0
8629:(Subscription or
8589:(Subscription or
8408:978-0-241-18782-1
8232:978-0-521-82992-2
8182:978-0-300-12535-1
8167:Foot, S (2011b).
8158:(Subscription or
8053:on 29 August 2019
8029:Firth, M (2018).
7811:978-1-84383-432-8
7757:978-1-107-16097-2
7717:Four Courts Press
7628:Oxford Companions
7534:978-1-903765-89-0
7481:978-1-84383-432-8
7389:The Boydell Press
7345:Cowen, A (2004).
7336:(Subscription or
7264:978-1-907909-25-2
7241:978-1-907909-03-0
7222:978-1-907909-01-6
7199:978-1-907909-02-3
7146:978-0-19-821731-2
7075:978-0-19-967783-2
7039:978-0-7486-2360-0
7024:Broun, D (2007).
6927:Secondary sources
6868:978-0-8122-4847-0
6749:978-0-85991-104-7
6626:978-0-19-956942-7
6575:"Saltair na Rann"
6555:"Saltair na Rann"
5884:978-0-903521-54-3
5683:Longmans & Co
5371:Williamson (2017)
5315:Williamson (2017)
5209:pp. 80, 174 n. 7.
5199:Macquarrie (1998)
5175:Macquarrie (2004)
5149:pp. 23, 169â170;
4617:pp. 96, 98, 130;
4497:pp. 86, 87, 130;
4493:p. 84, 84 n. 86;
4481:p. 57, 57 n. 43;
4350:p. 55, 55 n. 61;
4228:pp. 67 n. 4, 69;
3936:p. 68, 68 n. 36;
3797:Davies, RR (2000)
3763:pp. 91â92 n. 140.
3709:Davies, JR (2009)
3575:p. 73, 73 n. 40;
3573:Davies, JR (2009)
3567:pp. 9, 512, 571;
3467:p. 79, 79 n. 43;
3267:p. 30, 30 n. 70;
3107:pp. 59 n. 1, 65;
2466:Costambeys (2004)
2409:Macquarrie (1998)
2130:Davies, JR (2009)
2090:Macquarrie (1998)
2036:p. 73, 73 n. 40;
2034:Davies, JR (2009)
1974:Davies, JR (2009)
1859:Davies, JR (2009)
1735:Davies, JR (2009)
1691:Macquarrie (1998)
1675:Macquarrie (1998)
1159:is a form of the
965:preserved by the
804:Cerdicing dynasty
561:preserved by the
106:
105:
16:(Redirected from
10068:
10036:
9944:
9937:
9930:
9921:
9912:Dyfnwal ab Owain
9892:Preceded by
9881:Owain ap Dyfnwal
9877:
9856:
9825:
9806:
9787:
9765:
9717:
9683:
9664:
9662:
9644:
9634:
9632:
9595:
9571:
9545:
9523:
9508:
9485:
9463:
9444:
9425:
9423:
9405:
9395:
9377:
9367:
9341:
9318:
9300:
9261:
9234:
9215:
9197:
9170:
9151:
9132:
9124:
9122:
9120:
9101:
9092:
9074:
9064:
9062:
9041:
9002:Northern History
8996:
8962:
8954:
8952:
8950:
8931:
8922:
8903:
8888:
8849:Northern History
8843:
8833:
8800:
8773:
8747:
8720:
8702:
8692:
8674:
8664:
8644:
8634:
8626:
8624:
8622:
8603:
8594:
8586:
8584:
8582:
8563:
8554:
8531:
8504:
8498:
8494:
8492:
8484:
8482:
8480:
8474:
8469:. Archived from
8447:. Westport, CT:
8437:
8412:
8389:
8387:
8370:
8331:
8294:
8288:
8280:
8271:
8261:
8236:
8217:
8186:
8163:
8155:
8153:
8151:
8132:
8120:
8089:
8062:
8060:
8058:
8049:. Archived from
8025:
8023:
8021:
8016:on 13 March 2017
8015:
8009:. Archived from
7990:
7980:
7935:
7929:
7921:
7919:
7917:
7899:
7864:
7823:
7796:
7783:
7761:
7730:
7704:
7691:
7660:
7641:
7614:
7583:The Innes Review
7580:
7570:
7551:
7538:
7515:
7493:
7462:
7460:
7439:
7427:
7410:
7379:
7356:
7341:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7310:
7301:
7299:
7281:
7268:
7245:
7226:
7203:
7180:
7150:
7131:
7105:
7083:
7080:Oxford Reference
7055:
7043:
7020:
6988:The Innes Review
6978:
6939:Northern History
6921:
6902:
6880:
6841:
6815:
6793:
6791:
6789:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6753:
6730:
6719:
6700:
6689:
6678:
6652:
6630:
6607:
6601:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6579:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6550:
6544:
6536:
6534:
6532:
6516:
6510:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6482:
6476:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6448:
6442:
6434:
6432:
6430:
6414:
6408:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6380:
6374:
6366:
6364:
6362:
6346:
6340:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6312:
6306:
6298:
6296:
6294:
6278:
6255:
6232:
6226:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6196:
6190:
6182:
6172:
6149:
6107:
6057:
6042:
6031:
6016:
5994:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5934:
5907:
5888:
5876:
5864:
5858:
5850:
5848:
5846:
5830:
5824:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5794:
5780:
5774:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5746:
5740:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5708:
5697:
5686:
5668:
5649:
5609:
5577:
5571:
5549:
5543:
5537:
5531:
5525:
5519:
5491:McGuigan (2015b)
5488:
5482:
5468:
5462:
5456:
5450:
5444:
5438:
5432:
5426:
5416:
5410:
5396:
5390:
5387:Whitelock (1996)
5368:
5362:
5356:
5350:
5349:p. 79, 79 n. 61.
5343:Whitelock (1996)
5331:Clarkson (2012a)
5308:
5302:
5299:Stevenson (1855)
5268:
5262:
5259:Stevenson (1855)
5219:Molyneaux (2015)
5216:
5210:
5163:Ă CorrĂĄin (2006)
5112:
5106:
5097:
5091:
5072:Clarkson (2012a)
5053:
5047:
5037:
5031:
4988:ch. 5, 5 n. 32;
4983:
4977:
4966:Einarsson (2013)
4963:
4957:
4954:Stevenson (1854)
4931:
4925:
4902:Clarkson (2012a)
4882:Molyneaux (2015)
4879:
4873:
4859:
4853:
4838:Einarsson (2013)
4835:
4829:
4823:
4817:
4810:Stevenson (1853)
4795:
4789:
4783:
4777:
4763:
4757:
4747:Stevenson (1835)
4743:Stevenson (1856)
4740:
4734:
4717:
4711:
4705:
4699:
4689:
4683:
4677:
4671:
4668:Molyneaux (2011)
4665:
4659:
4652:Molyneaux (2015)
4649:
4643:
4607:Molyneaux (2011)
4597:ch. 5, 5 n. 27;
4591:Molyneaux (2015)
4584:
4578:
4549:Molyneaux (2011)
4535:ch. 5, 5 n. 27;
4529:Molyneaux (2015)
4518:
4512:
4487:Molyneaux (2011)
4479:Molyneaux (2015)
4472:
4466:
4463:Maddicott (2010)
4449:ch. 5, 5 n. 27;
4443:Molyneaux (2015)
4432:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4377:
4371:
4361:
4355:
4345:
4339:
4333:
4327:
4311:p. 5, 55 n. 61;
4306:
4300:
4283:
4277:
4274:Molyneaux (2015)
4271:
4265:
4251:
4245:
4234:Stevenson (1853)
4222:Whitelock (1996)
4199:
4193:
4190:Clarkson (2012a)
4187:
4181:
4166:Molyneaux (2015)
4163:
4157:
4151:
4145:
4142:Stevenson (1855)
4111:
4105:
4102:Stevenson (1835)
4098:Stevenson (1856)
4083:
4077:
4063:
4057:
4054:Stevenson (1855)
4030:Molyneaux (2011)
4016:ch. 5, 5 n. 20;
4010:Molyneaux (2015)
4007:
4001:
3976:Molyneaux (2015)
3969:
3963:
3934:Molyneaux (2011)
3915:
3909:
3902:Whitelock (1996)
3878:Molyneaux (2015)
3875:
3869:
3854:Clarkson (2012a)
3842:Molyneaux (2015)
3835:
3829:
3806:
3800:
3786:
3780:
3770:
3764:
3745:Clarkson (2012a)
3738:
3732:
3685:McGuigan (2015b)
3682:
3676:
3666:
3660:
3638:
3632:
3602:
3596:
3586:
3580:
3558:
3552:
3522:
3516:
3502:
3496:
3486:
3480:
3458:
3452:
3434:
3428:
3425:Whitelock (1996)
3418:
3412:
3409:Whitelock (1996)
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3385:Whitelock (1996)
3362:
3356:
3334:
3328:
3305:Whitelock (1996)
3285:Molyneaux (2011)
3265:Molyneaux (2015)
3261:McGuigan (2015b)
3250:
3244:
3229:Whitelock (1996)
3195:pp. 59, 69, 88;
3193:Molyneaux (2011)
3169:Molyneaux (2015)
3165:McGuigan (2015b)
3161:McGuigan (2015a)
3150:
3144:
3113:Maddicott (2010)
3105:Molyneaux (2011)
3086:
3080:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3018:Molyneaux (2015)
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2990:Stevenson (1853)
2975:
2969:
2951:
2945:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2879:
2873:
2870:Whitelock (1996)
2840:pp. 95â97, 150;
2828:ch. 9 ¶¶ 13â15;
2799:
2793:
2770:
2764:
2754:
2748:
2738:
2732:
2673:ch. 4, 4 n. 31;
2668:
2662:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2611:
2605:
2581:
2575:
2565:
2559:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2495:
2489:
2433:
2427:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2362:
2356:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2299:ch. 4, 4 n. 11;
2294:
2288:
2266:
2260:
2243:
2237:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2191:
2185:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2122:Molyneaux (2015)
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2076:pp. 9, 481â482;
2067:
2061:
2007:
2001:
1951:
1945:
1935:Stevenson (1835)
1931:Stevenson (1856)
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1851:Clarkson (2012b)
1847:Clarkson (2012a)
1845:pp. 9, 480â481;
1824:
1818:
1807:Clarkson (2012b)
1803:Clarkson (2012a)
1792:
1786:
1777:ch. ch. 8 ¶ 26;
1771:Clarkson (2012a)
1769:pp. 9, 480â481;
1756:
1750:
1727:Clarkson (2012a)
1716:
1710:
1700:
1694:
1684:
1678:
1656:
1650:
1619:Molyneaux (2015)
1608:
1602:
1592:
1586:
1577:
1571:
1561:
1555:
1542:
1536:
1527:
1511:
1486:
1480:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1446:
1438:
1423:
1415:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1367:
1349:Owain ap Dyfnwal
1345:
1339:
1320:
1314:
1303:
1297:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1265:Owain is styled
1263:
1257:
1250:
1242:
1236:
1233:Mercian Register
1223:
1217:
1210:
1204:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1176:
1168:
1157:
1110:
1104:
1081:Owain ap Dyfnwal
1073:
1021:
933:Annals of Ulster
913:
901:
889:
867:amongst others.
865:
852:
840:
832:
777:
769:
738:Gofraid ua Ămair
686:
642:Gofraid ua Ămair
620:
600:
522:
500:Ragnall ua Ămair
463:Annals of Ulster
449:Annals of Ulster
417:Ragnall ua Ămair
342:
340:rex Britanniorum
292:
211:Dyfnwal ab Owain
199:
152:Ragnall ua Ămair
109:Owain ap Dyfnwal
102:probably Dyfnwal
94:Dyfnwal ab Owain
79:Dyfnwal ab Owain
44:
35:Owain ap Dyfnwal
32:
21:
10076:
10075:
10071:
10070:
10069:
10067:
10066:
10065:
10046:
10045:
10044:
10039:
10034:
10026:
9953:
9948:
9914:
9905:
9897:
9882:
9864:
9859:
9853:
9828:
9822:
9809:
9803:
9790:
9784:
9768:
9720:
9714:
9696:Macmillan Press
9686:
9680:
9667:
9660:10.5284/1032950
9642:
9637:
9598:
9574:
9568:
9548:
9542:
9526:
9511:
9505:
9488:
9482:
9466:
9460:
9447:
9441:
9428:
9421:10.5284/1032950
9403:
9398:
9375:
9370:
9364:
9344:
9338:
9321:
9264:
9258:
9237:
9231:
9218:
9173:
9167:
9154:
9148:
9135:
9126:
9118:
9116:
9095:
9072:
9067:
9044:
8999:
8993:
8965:
8956:
8948:
8946:
8925:
8919:
8906:
8891:
8846:
8803:
8789:
8776:
8770:
8750:
8744:
8723:
8700:
8695:
8672:
8667:
8642:
8637:
8628:
8620:
8618:
8597:
8588:
8580:
8578:
8557:
8551:
8534:
8520:
8507:
8495:
8485:
8478:
8476:
8475:on 23 June 2019
8459:
8449:Greenwood Press
8440:
8415:
8409:
8392:
8373:
8334:
8297:
8281:
8274:
8239:
8233:
8220:
8206:
8189:
8183:
8166:
8157:
8149:
8147:
8123:
8117:
8092:
8065:
8056:
8054:
8028:
8019:
8017:
8013:
8007:
7988:
7983:
7943:; Driscoll, S;
7938:
7922:
7915:
7913:
7902:
7867:
7826:
7812:
7799:
7786:
7780:
7764:
7758:
7733:
7727:
7707:
7694:
7688:
7663:
7657:
7644:
7638:
7617:
7578:
7573:
7567:
7554:
7541:
7535:
7518:
7512:
7496:
7482:
7465:
7442:
7436:
7413:
7399:
7382:
7376:
7359:
7344:
7335:
7327:
7325:
7304:
7297:10.5284/1032950
7279:
7273:Collingwood, WG
7271:
7265:
7248:
7242:
7229:
7223:
7213:Birlinn Limited
7206:
7200:
7183:
7177:
7153:
7147:
7134:
7108:
7086:
7076:
7046:
7040:
7023:
6981:
6933:
6929:
6924:
6905:
6891:, eds. (1845).
6883:
6869:
6844:
6838:
6822:, ed. (1996) .
6818:
6796:
6787:
6785:
6776:
6767:
6765:
6756:
6750:
6733:
6722:
6703:
6692:
6681:
6655:
6633:
6627:
6610:
6594:
6587:
6585:
6577:
6573:
6564:
6562:
6553:
6537:
6530:
6528:
6519:
6503:
6496:
6494:
6485:
6469:
6462:
6460:
6451:
6435:
6428:
6426:
6417:
6401:
6394:
6392:
6383:
6367:
6360:
6358:
6349:
6333:
6326:
6324:
6315:
6299:
6292:
6290:
6287:British Library
6281:
6275:
6258:
6235:
6219:
6212:
6210:
6199:
6183:
6175:
6169:
6152:
6110:
6060:
6045:
6034:
6019:
5997:
5983:
5974:
5972:
5963:
5954:
5952:
5937:
5910:
5891:
5885:
5874:
5867:
5851:
5844:
5842:
5839:British Library
5833:
5817:
5810:
5808:
5804:British Library
5797:
5783:
5767:
5760:
5758:
5749:
5733:
5726:
5724:
5711:
5700:
5689:
5671:
5652:
5626:
5622:
5620:Primary sources
5617:
5612:
5604:Saltair na Rann
5581:Saltair na Rann
5578:
5574:
5568:Colganvm (1645)
5560:Anderson (1922)
5552:Clarkson (2010)
5550:
5546:
5540:Clarkson (2010)
5538:
5534:
5526:
5522:
5514:Saltair na Rann
5496:Saltair na Rann
5489:
5485:
5479:Williams (1999)
5469:
5465:
5459:Clarkson (2014)
5457:
5453:
5445:
5441:
5433:
5429:
5419:Clarkson (2014)
5417:
5413:
5403:Clarkson (2014)
5397:
5393:
5375:Clarkson (2014)
5369:
5365:
5357:
5353:
5319:Clarkson (2014)
5309:
5305:
5291:Anderson (1908)
5287:Thornton (2001)
5271:Clarkson (2014)
5269:
5265:
5251:Anderson (1908)
5247:Thornton (2001)
5243:Davidson (2002)
5239:Halloran (2005)
5217:
5213:
5203:Crawford (1997)
5195:Williams (1999)
5171:Halloran (2005)
5155:Clarkson (2010)
5127:Clarkson (2014)
5115:Naismith (2017)
5113:
5109:
5098:
5094:
5088:Davidson (2002)
5084:Halloran (2005)
5080:Clarkson (2010)
5064:Clarkson (2014)
5056:Naismith (2017)
5054:
5050:
5044:Halloran (2005)
5038:
5034:
5028:Anderson (1922)
5020:Davidson (2002)
5016:Halloran (2005)
4986:Clarkson (2014)
4984:
4980:
4974:Anderson (1922)
4970:Fjalldal (2003)
4964:
4960:
4932:
4928:
4906:Clarkson (2010)
4886:Clarkson (2014)
4880:
4876:
4860:
4856:
4850:Anderson (1922)
4846:Fjalldal (2003)
4836:
4832:
4824:
4820:
4806:Forester (1854)
4802:Anderson (1908)
4796:
4792:
4784:
4780:
4774:Halloran (n.d.)
4770:Davidson (2002)
4766:Halloran (2011)
4764:
4760:
4741:
4737:
4718:
4714:
4708:Clarkson (2014)
4706:
4702:
4692:Clarkson (2014)
4690:
4686:
4678:
4674:
4666:
4662:
4656:Halloran (2011)
4650:
4646:
4615:Davidson (2002)
4595:Clarkson (2014)
4585:
4581:
4561:Davidson (2002)
4533:Clarkson (2014)
4519:
4515:
4495:Davidson (2002)
4473:
4469:
4447:Clarkson (2014)
4433:
4429:
4421:
4417:
4400:Davidson (2002)
4378:
4374:
4368:Ferguson (1890)
4362:
4358:
4352:Clarkson (2010)
4346:
4342:
4334:
4330:
4313:Clarkson (2010)
4307:
4303:
4286:Clarkson (2010)
4284:
4280:
4272:
4268:
4254:Clarkson (2014)
4252:
4248:
4242:Halloran (n.d.)
4230:Forester (1854)
4226:Anderson (1908)
4218:Davidson (2002)
4214:Halloran (2005)
4206:Clarkson (2014)
4200:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4178:Halloran (n.d.)
4174:Davidson (2002)
4170:Clarkson (2014)
4164:
4160:
4154:Clarkson (2014)
4152:
4148:
4134:Anderson (1908)
4126:Thornton (2001)
4122:Davidson (2002)
4114:Clarkson (2014)
4112:
4108:
4090:Anderson (1922)
4084:
4080:
4076:p. 124 ch. 107.
4070:Anderson (1908)
4064:
4060:
4046:Anderson (1908)
4038:Davidson (2002)
4034:Halloran (2005)
4014:Clarkson (2014)
4008:
4004:
3984:Davidson (2002)
3970:
3966:
3946:Halloran (n.d.)
3938:Davidson (2002)
3916:
3912:
3906:Anderson (1908)
3898:Davidson (2002)
3894:Halloran (2005)
3882:Clarkson (2014)
3880:pp. 30, 52â53;
3876:
3872:
3866:Halloran (n.d.)
3846:Clarkson (2014)
3836:
3832:
3807:
3803:
3787:
3783:
3771:
3767:
3757:Williams (1999)
3749:Clarkson (2010)
3741:Clarkson (2014)
3739:
3735:
3705:Clarkson (2010)
3689:Clarkson (2014)
3683:
3679:
3669:Clarkson (2014)
3667:
3663:
3653:Davidson (2002)
3639:
3635:
3627:pp. 87, 90â93;
3621:Davidson (2002)
3607:pp. 78â79, 90;
3603:
3599:
3587:
3583:
3561:Clarkson (2014)
3559:
3555:
3541:Anderson (1908)
3537:Davidson (2002)
3525:Clarkson (2014)
3523:
3519:
3513:Davidson (2002)
3503:
3499:
3489:Clarkson (2014)
3487:
3483:
3465:Davidson (2002)
3459:
3455:
3445:Davidson (2002)
3435:
3431:
3419:
3415:
3407:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3365:Clarkson (2014)
3363:
3359:
3345:Anderson (1908)
3341:Clarkson (2014)
3335:
3331:
3317:Anderson (1908)
3301:Davidson (2002)
3289:Clarkson (2010)
3269:Clarkson (2014)
3251:
3247:
3241:Anderson (1908)
3239:p. 3, 3 n. 17;
3221:Davidson (2002)
3197:Clarkson (2010)
3175:ch. 5, 5 n. 5;
3173:Clarkson (2014)
3171:pp. 30, 52â53;
3151:
3147:
3141:Williams (1999)
3133:Davidson (2002)
3109:Clarkson (2010)
3093:Clarkson (2014)
3087:
3083:
3070:O'Keeffe (2001)
3068:
3064:
3056:
3052:
3046:Davidson (2001)
3040:
3036:
3030:Clarkson (2014)
3028:
3024:
3016:
3012:
3006:Clarkson (2010)
3004:
3000:
2986:Forester (1854)
2982:Anderson (1908)
2976:
2972:
2962:Davidson (2001)
2952:
2948:
2942:Davidson (2001)
2938:Davidson (2002)
2934:Clarkson (2010)
2932:
2928:
2920:
2916:
2908:
2904:
2890:Clarkson (2014)
2888:pp. 77â78, 89;
2880:
2876:
2858:Davidson (2001)
2854:Davidson (2002)
2826:Clarkson (2010)
2810:Clarkson (2014)
2808:pp. 77â78, 89;
2800:
2796:
2771:
2767:
2757:Clarkson (2010)
2755:
2751:
2745:Clarkson (2010)
2741:Clarkson (2014)
2739:
2735:
2717:Anderson (1908)
2713:Anderson (1922)
2686:Clarkson (2010)
2671:Clarkson (2014)
2669:
2665:
2640:
2636:
2630:Clarkson (2014)
2628:
2624:
2618:Clarkson (2010)
2614:Clarkson (2014)
2612:
2608:
2602:Anderson (1922)
2586:ch. 4, 4 n. 8;
2584:Clarkson (2014)
2582:
2578:
2572:Clarkson (2010)
2568:Clarkson (2014)
2566:
2562:
2556:Anderson (1922)
2530:Clarkson (2010)
2528:ch. 4, 4 n. 8;
2526:Clarkson (2014)
2524:
2520:
2514:Clarkson (2014)
2512:
2508:
2498:Davidson (2002)
2496:
2492:
2486:Anderson (1922)
2474:Davidson (2001)
2470:Davidson (2002)
2455:Davidson (2001)
2444:Clarkson (2010)
2438:ch. 4, 4 n. 8;
2436:Clarkson (2014)
2434:
2430:
2419:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2391:
2387:
2381:Clarkson (2010)
2379:
2375:
2365:Clarkson (2010)
2363:
2359:
2349:Clarkson (2010)
2347:
2343:
2335:
2331:
2321:Anderson (1922)
2297:Clarkson (2014)
2295:
2291:
2277:Clarkson (2010)
2269:Clarkson (2014)
2267:
2263:
2244:
2240:
2220:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2192:
2188:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2148:
2144:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2068:
2064:
2056:pp. 35â37, 38;
2030:Clarkson (2010)
2008:
2004:
1952:
1948:
1927:Anderson (1922)
1925:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1855:Clarkson (2010)
1835:Clarkson (2014)
1825:
1821:
1811:Clarkson (2010)
1799:Clarkson (2014)
1793:
1789:
1775:Clarkson (2010)
1757:
1753:
1731:Clarkson (2010)
1717:
1713:
1701:
1697:
1685:
1681:
1671:Williams (1999)
1667:Davidson (2002)
1657:
1653:
1631:Clarkson (2010)
1623:Clarkson (2014)
1609:
1605:
1593:
1589:
1578:
1574:
1562:
1558:
1543:
1539:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1487:
1483:
1464:
1460:
1385:The Latin term
1384:
1380:
1363:
1346:
1342:
1321:
1317:
1304:
1300:
1281:
1277:
1264:
1260:
1243:
1239:
1224:
1220:
1211:
1207:
1194:
1190:
1182:terra Cumbrorum
1111:
1107:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1052:
1043:Saltair na Rann
1012:Saltair na Rann
995:
873:
793:. According to
730:
722:English peoples
580:
492:
411:. Although the
368:
360:Eochaid ap Rhun
245:by Irish-based
241:stronghold was
219:
191:Kingdom of Alba
174:), and perhaps
146:, assembled by
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10074:
10072:
10064:
10063:
10058:
10048:
10047:
10041:
10040:
10038:
10037:
10031:
10028:
10027:
10025:
10024:
10017:
10012:
10005:
10000:
9993:
9988:
9983:
9978:
9971:
9966:
9958:
9955:
9954:
9949:
9947:
9946:
9939:
9932:
9924:
9916:
9915:
9910:
9907:
9898:
9893:
9889:
9888:
9887:Regnal titles
9884:
9883:
9880:
9875:
9874:
9863:
9862:External links
9860:
9858:
9857:
9851:
9826:
9820:
9807:
9801:
9788:
9782:
9766:
9732:(1): 138â159.
9718:
9712:
9684:
9678:
9665:
9635:
9596:
9572:
9566:
9546:
9540:
9524:
9518:(PhD thesis).
9509:
9503:
9486:
9480:
9464:
9458:
9445:
9439:
9426:
9396:
9368:
9362:
9350:McKitterick, R
9342:
9336:
9319:
9262:
9256:
9235:
9229:
9216:
9171:
9165:
9152:
9146:
9133:
9093:
9065:
9049:(PhD thesis).
9042:
8997:
8991:
8963:
8923:
8917:
8904:
8889:
8844:
8801:
8787:
8774:
8768:
8748:
8742:
8721:
8693:
8665:
8635:
8595:
8555:
8549:
8532:
8518:
8505:
8497:|journal=
8457:
8438:
8428:(1): 141â155.
8413:
8407:
8390:
8371:
8345:(3): 297â313.
8332:
8306:(2): 133â148.
8295:
8272:
8237:
8231:
8223:Viking Empires
8218:
8204:
8187:
8181:
8164:
8121:
8115:
8090:
8063:
8026:
8005:
7981:
7936:
7900:
7865:
7839:(2): 195â216.
7824:
7810:
7797:
7791:(PhD thesis).
7784:
7778:
7762:
7756:
7731:
7725:
7705:
7692:
7686:
7661:
7655:
7642:
7636:
7615:
7571:
7565:
7552:
7539:
7533:
7516:
7510:
7494:
7480:
7463:
7447:(PhD thesis).
7440:
7434:
7411:
7397:
7380:
7374:
7357:
7351:(PhD thesis).
7342:
7302:
7269:
7263:
7246:
7240:
7227:
7221:
7204:
7198:
7181:
7175:
7151:
7145:
7132:
7106:
7084:
7074:
7044:
7038:
7021:
6995:(2): 111â180.
6979:
6945:(2): 327â332.
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6922:
6903:
6881:
6867:
6842:
6836:
6816:
6800:, ed. (1848).
6794:
6774:
6754:
6748:
6731:
6720:
6701:
6690:
6679:
6659:, ed. (1835).
6653:
6637:, ed. (1867).
6631:
6625:
6608:
6571:
6551:
6517:
6483:
6449:
6415:
6381:
6347:
6313:
6279:
6273:
6256:
6233:
6197:
6173:
6167:
6150:
6108:
6074:(2): 129â161.
6058:
6043:
6032:
6017:
6001:, ed. (1840).
5995:
5987:, ed. (1847).
5981:
5961:
5935:
5908:
5889:
5883:
5865:
5831:
5795:
5787:, ed. (1645).
5781:
5747:
5709:
5698:
5687:
5675:, ed. (1882).
5669:
5650:
5630:, ed. (1908).
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5585:§§ 2373â2376;
5572:
5544:
5532:
5520:
5500:§§ 2373â2376;
5483:
5463:
5451:
5447:Downham (2007)
5439:
5427:
5411:
5399:Dunshea (2012)
5391:
5363:
5351:
5303:
5301:p. 669 ch. 33.
5283:Dunshea (2012)
5263:
5257:p. 93 ch. 83;
5231:Downham (2007)
5211:
5159:Downham (2007)
5119:Holland (2016)
5107:
5092:
5060:Holland (2016)
5048:
5032:
4978:
4968:p. 71 ch. 50;
4958:
4926:
4922:Hudson (2004b)
4874:
4870:Hudson (2004b)
4854:
4840:p. 72 ch. 51;
4830:
4818:
4790:
4778:
4758:
4735:
4712:
4700:
4684:
4672:
4660:
4644:
4579:
4521:Holland (2016)
4513:
4467:
4439:Holland (2016)
4427:
4415:
4384:Holland (2016)
4372:
4364:Edmonds (2015)
4356:
4348:Edmonds (2015)
4340:
4336:Edmonds (2015)
4328:
4309:Edmonds (2015)
4301:
4278:
4266:
4246:
4194:
4182:
4158:
4146:
4144:p. 669 ch. 33.
4106:
4078:
4058:
4052:p. 93 ch. 83;
4002:
3964:
3910:
3870:
3838:Holland (2016)
3830:
3801:
3781:
3773:Kershaw (2014)
3765:
3761:Lapidge (1980)
3759:p. 190 n. 28;
3755:p. 152 n. 55;
3733:
3729:Stenton (1963)
3677:
3661:
3657:Lapidge (1993)
3633:
3625:Lapidge (1980)
3613:Downham (2007)
3597:
3593:Stenton (1963)
3581:
3579:p. 349 n. 115.
3571:p. 138 n. 62;
3569:Parsons (2011)
3553:
3517:
3497:
3481:
3453:
3443:pp. 100, 165;
3441:Downham (2007)
3429:
3413:
3401:
3389:
3375:p. 162 n. 15;
3357:
3329:
3295:pp. 100, 165;
3293:Downham (2007)
3245:
3233:Lapidge (1980)
3205:Downham (2007)
3145:
3117:Downham (2007)
3081:
3062:
3050:
3034:
3022:
3010:
2998:
2970:
2946:
2926:
2922:Holland (2016)
2914:
2902:
2882:Holland (2016)
2874:
2838:Downham (2007)
2834:Downham (2009)
2802:Holland (2016)
2794:
2765:
2749:
2733:
2711:pp. 150, 157;
2705:Hudson (2004a)
2663:
2634:
2622:
2606:
2576:
2560:
2518:
2506:
2490:
2428:
2413:
2401:
2385:
2373:
2357:
2341:
2329:
2289:
2261:
2238:
2214:
2210:Edmonds (2014)
2202:
2198:Edmonds (2014)
2194:Edmonds (2015)
2186:
2178:Edmonds (2014)
2174:Edmonds (2015)
2166:
2154:
2142:
2134:Edmonds (2009)
2126:Edmonds (2014)
2118:Edmonds (2015)
2110:
2098:
2080:pp. 327, 331;
2062:
2058:Stenton (1963)
2038:Downham (2007)
2028:p. 138 n. 62;
2026:Parsons (2011)
2014:Edmonds (2015)
2002:
1988:pp. 327, 331;
1978:Downham (2007)
1970:Parsons (2011)
1962:Edmonds (2015)
1946:
1919:
1907:
1879:Forsyth (2005)
1867:Downham (2007)
1839:Edmonds (2014)
1819:
1787:
1763:Edmonds (2015)
1751:
1739:Downham (2007)
1719:Edmonds (2015)
1711:
1695:
1679:
1651:
1635:Downham (2007)
1611:Holland (2016)
1603:
1587:
1572:
1556:
1537:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1481:
1458:
1378:
1361:grid reference
1340:
1315:
1298:
1275:
1258:
1248:StrĂŠcledwealas
1237:
1218:
1205:
1188:
1118:Dunbartonshire
1105:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1048:
994:
991:
872:
869:
824:royal charters
729:
726:
706:Mayburgh Henge
661:Mayburgh Henge
579:
576:
491:
488:
367:
364:
218:
215:
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76:
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61:
55:
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45:
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26:
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14:
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2:
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9827:
9823:
9817:
9813:
9808:
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9802:0-19-211696-7
9798:
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9789:
9785:
9783:0-19-211696-7
9779:
9775:
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9763:
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9577:
9573:
9569:
9567:0-631-22260-X
9563:
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9555:
9551:
9547:
9543:
9541:0-7486-0100-7
9537:
9533:
9529:
9525:
9521:
9517:
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9510:
9506:
9500:
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9487:
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9481:0-203-75870-6
9477:
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9455:
9451:
9446:
9442:
9436:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9413:
9409:
9402:
9401:"Proceedings"
9397:
9393:
9389:
9385:
9381:
9374:
9369:
9365:
9359:
9355:
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9347:
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9257:9780521260169
9253:
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9232:
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9168:
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9158:
9153:
9149:
9147:1-85109-445-8
9143:
9139:
9134:
9130:
9115:
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8945:
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8930:
8924:
8920:
8918:0-7486-1110-X
8914:
8910:
8905:
8901:
8897:
8896:
8890:
8886:
8882:
8878:
8874:
8870:
8866:
8862:
8858:
8854:
8850:
8845:
8841:
8837:
8832:
8831:10107/1076525
8827:
8823:
8819:
8815:
8811:
8807:
8802:
8798:
8794:
8790:
8788:9781783270712
8784:
8780:
8775:
8771:
8769:0-19-285434-8
8765:
8761:
8757:
8753:
8749:
8745:
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8735:
8731:
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8602:
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8592:
8577:
8573:
8569:
8568:
8562:
8556:
8552:
8550:0-8020-3601-5
8546:
8542:
8538:
8533:
8529:
8525:
8521:
8519:0-313-29567-0
8515:
8511:
8506:
8502:
8490:
8473:
8468:
8464:
8460:
8458:0-313-29087-3
8454:
8450:
8446:
8445:
8439:
8435:
8431:
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8423:
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8414:
8410:
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8372:
8368:
8364:
8360:
8356:
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8344:
8340:
8339:
8333:
8329:
8325:
8321:
8317:
8313:
8309:
8305:
8301:
8296:
8292:
8286:
8278:
8273:
8269:
8265:
8260:
8259:10107/1425845
8255:
8251:
8247:
8243:
8238:
8234:
8228:
8224:
8219:
8215:
8211:
8207:
8205:0-19-820615-1
8201:
8197:
8193:
8188:
8184:
8178:
8174:
8170:
8165:
8161:
8146:
8142:
8138:
8137:
8131:
8126:
8122:
8118:
8116:9781118396957
8112:
8108:
8104:
8101:. p. 1.
8100:
8096:
8091:
8087:
8083:
8079:
8075:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8052:
8048:
8044:
8040:
8036:
8032:
8027:
8012:
8008:
8006:0-9505994-6-8
8002:
7998:
7994:
7987:
7982:
7978:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7962:
7958:
7954:
7950:
7946:
7942:
7937:
7933:
7927:
7911:
7910:
7905:
7901:
7897:
7893:
7889:
7885:
7881:
7877:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7862:
7858:
7854:
7850:
7846:
7842:
7838:
7834:
7830:
7825:
7821:
7817:
7813:
7807:
7803:
7798:
7794:
7790:
7785:
7781:
7779:0-7486-1626-8
7775:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7759:
7753:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7738:. Cambridge:
7737:
7732:
7728:
7726:1-85182-516-9
7722:
7718:
7714:
7710:
7706:
7702:
7698:
7693:
7689:
7683:
7679:
7675:
7671:
7667:
7662:
7658:
7656:0-19-211696-7
7652:
7648:
7643:
7639:
7637:0-19-211696-7
7633:
7629:
7625:
7621:
7616:
7612:
7608:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7592:
7589:(2): 95â114.
7588:
7584:
7577:
7572:
7568:
7566:1-85109-445-8
7562:
7558:
7553:
7549:
7545:
7540:
7536:
7530:
7526:
7523:. Edinburgh:
7522:
7517:
7513:
7511:0-19-820849-9
7507:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7487:
7483:
7477:
7473:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7450:
7446:
7441:
7437:
7435:0-415-21496-3
7431:
7426:
7421:
7417:
7412:
7408:
7404:
7400:
7398:1-84383-255-0
7394:
7390:
7386:
7381:
7377:
7375:0-7185-1197-2
7371:
7367:
7363:
7358:
7354:
7350:
7349:
7343:
7339:
7324:
7320:
7316:
7315:
7309:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7289:
7285:
7278:
7274:
7270:
7266:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7247:
7243:
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7228:
7224:
7218:
7214:
7210:
7205:
7201:
7195:
7191:
7187:
7182:
7178:
7176:1-85109-445-8
7172:
7168:
7164:
7160:
7156:
7152:
7148:
7142:
7138:
7133:
7129:
7125:
7121:
7117:
7116:
7111:
7107:
7103:
7099:
7095:
7091:
7090:
7085:
7081:
7077:
7071:
7067:
7063:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7045:
7041:
7035:
7031:
7028:. Edinburgh:
7027:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6994:
6990:
6989:
6984:
6980:
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6931:
6926:
6919:
6915:
6911:
6910:
6904:
6900:
6896:
6895:
6890:
6889:Halliwell, JO
6886:
6882:
6878:
6874:
6870:
6864:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6843:
6839:
6837:0-203-43950-3
6833:
6829:
6825:
6821:
6817:
6813:
6809:
6805:
6804:
6799:
6795:
6783:
6779:
6775:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6751:
6745:
6741:
6737:
6732:
6728:
6727:
6721:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6708:
6702:
6698:
6697:
6691:
6687:
6686:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6668:
6665:. Edinburgh:
6664:
6663:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6642:
6641:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6622:
6618:
6614:
6609:
6605:
6599:
6583:
6576:
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6556:
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6542:
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6522:
6518:
6514:
6508:
6492:
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6484:
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6424:
6420:
6416:
6412:
6406:
6390:
6386:
6382:
6378:
6372:
6356:
6352:
6348:
6344:
6338:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6310:
6304:
6288:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6274:0-85991-491-7
6270:
6266:
6262:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6240:
6234:
6230:
6224:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6188:
6180:
6179:
6174:
6170:
6168:1-85285-012-4
6164:
6160:
6156:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6118:
6113:
6109:
6105:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6068:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6051:
6050:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6024:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6005:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5991:
5986:
5982:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5950:
5946:
5945:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5923:Henry G. Bohn
5920:
5916:
5915:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5896:
5890:
5886:
5880:
5873:
5872:
5866:
5862:
5856:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5822:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5782:
5778:
5772:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5744:
5738:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5705:
5699:
5695:
5694:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5662:
5658:
5657:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5634:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5608:§§ 2373â2376.
5607:
5605:
5600:
5599:Hudson (1991)
5596:
5595:Hudson (1994)
5592:
5591:Hudson (1996)
5588:
5587:Hudson (2002)
5584:
5582:
5576:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5556:Hudson (1994)
5553:
5548:
5545:
5541:
5536:
5533:
5529:
5524:
5521:
5518:§§ 2373â2376.
5517:
5515:
5510:
5508:
5503:
5502:Hudson (1994)
5499:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5475:Woolf (2001a)
5473:p. 38 n. 85;
5472:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5455:
5452:
5448:
5443:
5440:
5436:
5431:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5401:p. 13 n. 11;
5400:
5395:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5373:pp. 929â932;
5372:
5367:
5364:
5360:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5347:Hudson (1994)
5345:pp. 221â222;
5344:
5341:pp. 169â173;
5340:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5327:Walker (2013)
5324:
5323:Scragg (2014)
5320:
5317:pp. 929â932;
5316:
5312:
5307:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5295:Arnold (1882)
5292:
5289:p. 67 n. 65;
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5255:Arnold (1885)
5252:
5249:p. 67 n. 65;
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5229:pp. 155â156;
5228:
5224:
5221:p. 31 n. 73;
5220:
5215:
5212:
5208:
5207:Hudson (1994)
5204:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5191:Woolf (2001b)
5188:
5187:Woolf (2001a)
5185:p. 23 n. 53;
5184:
5183:Duncan (2002)
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5139:Walker (2013)
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5123:Cannon (2015)
5120:
5116:
5111:
5108:
5104:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5068:Walker (2013)
5065:
5061:
5057:
5052:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5040:Cannon (2015)
5036:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5024:Hudson (1994)
5021:
5017:
5013:
5011:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4996:
4991:
4987:
4982:
4979:
4976:p. 40 ch. 50.
4975:
4971:
4967:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4950:Wright (1850)
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4900:pp. 140â141;
4899:
4895:
4894:Walker (2013)
4891:
4887:
4883:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4868:pp. 108â109;
4867:
4864:pp. 168â173;
4863:
4858:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4834:
4831:
4827:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4814:Thorpe (1848)
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4794:
4791:
4787:
4786:Keynes (2015)
4782:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4753:
4748:
4744:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4730:
4725:
4721:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4664:
4661:
4658:pp. 298, 299.
4657:
4653:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4639:
4634:
4632:
4627:
4625:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4587:Keynes (2015)
4583:
4580:
4576:
4574:
4569:
4567:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4525:Keynes (2015)
4522:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4508:
4503:
4501:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4475:Keynes (2015)
4471:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4457:pp. 140â141;
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4437:p. 46 n. 73;
4436:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4423:Keynes (2015)
4419:
4416:
4412:
4410:
4405:
4401:
4398:pp. 166â167;
4397:
4393:
4389:
4388:Keynes (2015)
4385:
4381:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4366:p. 55 n. 61;
4365:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4332:
4329:
4325:
4322:pp. 221â225;
4321:
4319:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4295:pp. 221â225;
4294:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4240:pp. 131â132;
4239:
4238:Thorpe (1848)
4236:pp. 241â242;
4235:
4231:
4227:
4224:p. 222 n. 2;
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4138:Arnold (1882)
4135:
4131:
4130:Hudson (1994)
4128:p. 67 n. 65;
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4094:Murphy (1896)
4091:
4087:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4074:Arnold (1885)
4071:
4067:
4062:
4059:
4056:pp. 482, 502.
4055:
4051:
4050:Arnold (1885)
4047:
4043:
4042:Hudson (1994)
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4020:pp. 140â141;
4019:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3992:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3972:Keynes (2015)
3968:
3965:
3961:
3959:
3954:
3952:
3947:
3943:
3942:Hudson (1994)
3939:
3935:
3931:
3928:pp. 140â141;
3927:
3923:
3919:
3918:Keynes (2015)
3914:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3852:pp. 140â141;
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3820:
3818:
3813:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3725:Woolf (2001a)
3722:
3718:
3717:Dalton (2006)
3715:pp. 151â152;
3714:
3711:p. 73 n. 40;
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3687:pp. 112â113;
3686:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3641:Keynes (2015)
3637:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3619:pp. 340â343;
3618:
3617:Little (2007)
3615:pp. 100â101;
3614:
3610:
3606:
3605:Keynes (2015)
3601:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3577:Little (2007)
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3535:p. 99 n. 49;
3534:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3471:p. 10 n. 20;
3470:
3469:Fulton (2000)
3466:
3462:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3390:
3387:p. 220 n. 10.
3386:
3382:
3381:Dalton (2006)
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3337:Keynes (2015)
3333:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3309:Hudson (1994)
3306:
3302:
3299:pp. 151â152;
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3263:pp. 116â117;
3262:
3258:
3257:Keynes (2015)
3254:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3231:pp. 38, 220;
3230:
3227:p. 10 n. 20;
3226:
3225:Fulton (2000)
3222:
3218:
3217:Snyder (2003)
3214:
3213:Dalton (2006)
3211:pp. 151â152;
3210:
3206:
3203:pp. 340â341;
3202:
3201:Little (2007)
3198:
3194:
3191:pp. 20, 161;
3190:
3186:
3183:pp. 511â512;
3182:
3179:pp. 117â118;
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3157:Keynes (2015)
3154:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3137:Woolf (2001a)
3134:
3130:
3126:
3125:Dalton (2006)
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3089:Keynes (2015)
3085:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3020:p. 77 n. 128.
3019:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2994:Thorpe (1848)
2991:
2987:
2984:pp. 65 n. 1;
2983:
2980:p. 23 n. 51;
2979:
2978:Duncan (2002)
2974:
2971:
2967:
2966:Duncan (2002)
2963:
2959:
2958:Walker (2013)
2955:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2898:Woolf (2001a)
2895:
2891:
2887:
2886:Keynes (2015)
2883:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2866:Woolf (2001a)
2863:
2862:Keynes (2001)
2860:pp. 200â201;
2859:
2855:
2851:
2850:Sawyer (2003)
2847:
2844:pp. 146â147;
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2822:Miller (2011)
2819:
2818:Walker (2013)
2815:
2811:
2807:
2806:Keynes (2015)
2803:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2784:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2721:Arnold (1882)
2718:
2714:
2710:
2709:Hudson (1998)
2706:
2703:pp. 142â144;
2702:
2698:
2696:
2692:pp. 226â227;
2691:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2676:
2675:Walker (2013)
2672:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2552:Hudson (1994)
2549:
2545:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2502:Taylor (1983)
2499:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2482:Hudson (1994)
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2440:Walker (2013)
2437:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2397:Hudson (1994)
2394:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2369:Hudson (1994)
2366:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2337:Hudson (1994)
2333:
2330:
2326:
2323:pp. 445â446;
2322:
2318:
2317:Hudson (1994)
2314:
2313:Hudson (1998)
2310:
2306:
2305:Hudson (2002)
2302:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2285:Hudson (1994)
2283:p. 135 tab.;
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2246:Hudson (1998)
2242:
2239:
2235:
2234:Millar (2009)
2231:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2180:pp. 201â202;
2179:
2175:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2162:Clancy (2006)
2158:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2138:Clancy (2006)
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2086:Woolf (2001a)
2083:
2079:
2078:Breeze (2006)
2075:
2071:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2046:Clancy (2006)
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1990:Clancy (2006)
1987:
1986:Breeze (2006)
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1871:Clancy (2006)
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1853:ch. 11 ¶ 46;
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1809:ch. 11 ¶ 46;
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1779:Clancy (2006)
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1743:Clancy (2006)
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1707:Clancy (2006)
1704:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1687:Keynes (2015)
1683:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1659:Keynes (2015)
1655:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1643:Minard (2006)
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1627:Minard (2012)
1624:
1620:
1616:
1615:Keynes (2015)
1612:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1595:Keynes (2015)
1591:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1564:Keynes (2015)
1560:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1546:
1545:Keynes (2015)
1541:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1372:castell Ewain
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1311:Penrith Hoard
1308:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:rex Cumbrorum
1262:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:Dumfriesshire
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1126:Stirlingshire
1123:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1004:
999:
992:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
963:praise poetry
960:
959:
954:
950:
941:
937:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
912:
906:
902:
900:
890:
888:
882:
877:
870:
868:
866:
864:
857:
853:
851:
845:
841:
839:
833:
831:
825:
816:
811:
807:
805:
800:
796:
792:
788:
787:
782:
778:
776:
770:
768:
762:
758:
757:
752:
747:
739:
734:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
698:River Lowther
695:
694:Eamont Bridge
691:
687:
685:
679:
675:
672:contemporary
666:
665:Eamont Bridge
662:
657:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:
629:
626:, CustantĂn,
625:
621:
619:
613:
609:
601:
599:
598:ĂĂŸelstan cing
593:
589:
584:
575:
573:
569:
564:
559:
558:
553:
549:
546:and parts of
545:
539:
537:
533:
532:
527:
526:Peak District
523:
521:
515:
511:
510:
501:
496:
487:
485:
481:
477:
476:
471:
470:
465:
464:
459:
451:
450:
445:
444:Sitriuc CĂĄech
440:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:Sitriuc CĂĄech
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:
380:
376:
372:
363:
361:
357:
356:
351:
343:
341:
335:
334:
329:
324:
320:
318:
313:
309:
305:
301:
293:
291:
290:rex Cumbrorum
285:
284:
279:
274:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:Scandinavians
244:
240:
236:
232:
223:
216:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
198:
192:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
101:
97:
93:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
56:
51:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
10019:
10007:
9995:
9985:
9973:
9961:
9900:
9830:
9811:
9792:
9773:
9729:
9725:
9691:
9669:
9650:
9646:
9607:(1): 49â79.
9604:
9600:
9579:
9553:
9531:
9514:
9494:
9471:
9449:
9430:
9411:
9407:
9383:
9379:
9353:
9346:Ă CorrĂĄin, D
9323:
9272:
9266:
9239:
9220:
9185:
9179:
9156:
9137:
9117:. Retrieved
9103:
9080:
9076:
9046:
9008:(1): 20â34.
9005:
9001:
8974:
8967:Maddicott, J
8947:. Retrieved
8933:
8908:
8894:
8852:
8848:
8813:
8809:
8778:
8759:
8729:
8708:
8704:
8680:
8676:
8652:
8646:
8619:. Retrieved
8605:
8579:. Retrieved
8565:
8536:
8509:
8477:. Retrieved
8472:the original
8443:
8425:
8421:
8394:
8375:
8342:
8336:
8303:
8299:
8249:
8245:
8222:
8195:
8168:
8148:. Retrieved
8134:
8094:
8077:
8071:
8057:22 September
8055:. Retrieved
8051:the original
8038:
8034:
8018:. Retrieved
8011:the original
7996:
7952:
7948:
7916:11 September
7914:. Retrieved
7907:
7882:(1): 43â66.
7879:
7873:
7836:
7832:
7801:
7788:
7769:
7735:
7712:
7700:
7673:
7646:
7623:
7586:
7582:
7556:
7547:
7543:
7520:
7501:
7471:
7444:
7415:
7384:
7361:
7347:
7326:. Retrieved
7312:
7287:
7283:
7250:
7231:
7208:
7185:
7162:
7136:
7119:
7113:
7088:
7078:– via
7057:
7025:
6992:
6986:
6942:
6938:
6908:
6893:
6846:
6823:
6820:Whitelock, D
6802:
6786:. Retrieved
6781:
6766:. Retrieved
6761:
6740:D. S. Brewer
6735:
6725:
6706:
6695:
6684:
6661:
6657:Stevenson, J
6639:
6612:
6586:. Retrieved
6581:
6563:. Retrieved
6558:
6529:. Retrieved
6524:
6495:. Retrieved
6490:
6461:. Retrieved
6456:
6427:. Retrieved
6422:
6393:. Retrieved
6388:
6359:. Retrieved
6354:
6325:. Retrieved
6320:
6291:. Retrieved
6286:
6260:
6238:
6211:. Retrieved
6204:
6201:"MS Ff.1.27"
6177:
6154:
6121:
6115:
6071:
6065:
6048:
6037:
6022:
6003:
5989:
5973:. Retrieved
5968:
5953:. Retrieved
5942:
5913:
5894:
5870:
5843:. Retrieved
5838:
5809:. Retrieved
5802:
5789:
5759:. Retrieved
5754:
5725:. Retrieved
5716:
5703:
5692:
5677:
5655:
5632:
5628:Anderson, AO
5603:
5580:
5575:
5564:Skene (1867)
5547:
5535:
5528:Hicks (2003)
5523:
5513:
5506:
5495:
5486:
5471:Hicks (2003)
5466:
5454:
5449:pp. 165â166.
5442:
5435:Cowen (2004)
5430:
5423:Cowen (2004)
5414:
5407:Cowen (2004)
5394:
5383:Woolf (2007)
5379:Foot (2011b)
5366:
5359:Foot (2011b)
5354:
5339:Woolf (2007)
5335:Foot (2011b)
5311:Firth (2018)
5306:
5266:
5253:p. 71 n. 3;
5235:Woolf (2007)
5214:
5179:Hicks (2003)
5147:Foot (2011b)
5135:Ryan (2013a)
5110:
5100:
5095:
5076:Foot (2011a)
5066:chs. 5, 11;
5051:
5046:pp. 133â134.
5035:
5009:
5005:Foot (2011b)
5001:Foot (2011a)
4994:
4981:
4961:
4938:Short (2009)
4929:
4918:Cowen (2004)
4910:Woolf (2007)
4890:Ryan (2013a)
4877:
4862:Woolf (2007)
4857:
4833:
4821:
4793:
4781:
4761:
4751:
4738:
4728:
4724:Birch (1887)
4720:Firth (2018)
4715:
4703:
4696:Woolf (2007)
4687:
4675:
4663:
4647:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4621:p. 5 n. 35;
4619:Kirby (1976)
4611:Woolf (2007)
4603:Foot (2011b)
4582:
4572:
4565:
4557:Woolf (2007)
4553:Broun (2007)
4545:Foot (2011b)
4516:
4506:
4499:
4491:Foot (2011b)
4470:
4459:Foot (2011b)
4435:Firth (2018)
4430:
4418:
4408:
4404:Birch (1887)
4396:Woolf (2007)
4392:Broun (2007)
4380:Firth (2018)
4375:
4359:
4343:
4331:
4317:
4304:
4290:
4281:
4269:
4262:Hardy (1840)
4258:Giles (1847)
4249:
4210:Foot (2011a)
4202:Firth (2018)
4197:
4185:
4161:
4149:
4118:Broun (2004)
4109:
4081:
4072:p. 67 n. 4;
4066:Firth (2018)
4061:
4026:Foot (2011b)
4022:Foot (2011a)
4005:
3995:
3988:
3967:
3957:
3950:
3930:Foot (2011a)
3913:
3886:Foot (2011a)
3873:
3858:Foot (2011a)
3833:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3804:
3793:Foot (2011b)
3789:Foot (2011a)
3784:
3777:Ryan (2013b)
3768:
3753:Woolf (2007)
3736:
3713:Woolf (2007)
3701:Foot (2011b)
3697:Foot (2011a)
3680:
3664:
3651:pp. 2, 512;
3645:Smith (2014)
3636:
3609:Foot (2011a)
3600:
3584:
3556:
3549:Hardy (1840)
3545:Giles (1847)
3543:p. 66 n. 1;
3529:Foot (2011b)
3520:
3500:
3493:Foot (2011a)
3484:
3477:Hardy (1840)
3473:Giles (1847)
3461:Foot (2011a)
3456:
3449:Kirby (1976)
3437:Foot (2011a)
3432:
3427:p. 38 n. 13.
3421:Woolf (2007)
3416:
3411:p. 38 n. 13.
3404:
3392:
3377:Woolf (2007)
3373:Foot (2011b)
3360:
3353:Hardy (1840)
3349:Giles (1847)
3347:p. 66 n. 1;
3332:
3325:Hardy (1840)
3321:Giles (1847)
3319:p. 66 n. 1;
3315:p. 3 n. 17;
3313:Kirby (1976)
3297:Woolf (2007)
3287:p. 59 n. 1;
3281:Foot (2011b)
3273:Smith (2014)
3253:Firth (2018)
3248:
3237:Kirby (1976)
3209:Woolf (2007)
3189:Foot (2011b)
3177:Smith (2014)
3153:Firth (2018)
3148:
3121:Woolf (2007)
3101:Foot (2011a)
3091:pp. 79, 89;
3084:
3074:
3065:
3060:pp. 146â147.
3058:Woolf (2007)
3053:
3042:Woolf (2007)
3037:
3025:
3013:
3001:
2996:pp. 129â130.
2973:
2968:p. 23 n. 51.
2954:Ryan (2013a)
2949:
2936:ch. 9 ¶ 13;
2929:
2917:
2910:Woolf (2010)
2905:
2894:Broun (2004)
2892:ch. 4 ¶ 33;
2877:
2846:Broun (2004)
2842:Woolf (2007)
2830:Woolf (2010)
2814:Ryan (2013a)
2797:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2768:
2761:Woolf (2007)
2752:
2736:
2729:Skene (1867)
2701:Woolf (2007)
2694:
2690:Woolf (2010)
2679:
2666:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2637:
2625:
2609:
2595:
2588:
2579:
2563:
2558:pp. 402â403.
2548:Hicks (2003)
2541:
2534:
2521:
2509:
2493:
2478:Hicks (2003)
2459:
2448:
2431:
2421:
2416:
2404:
2393:Woolf (2007)
2388:
2376:
2360:
2353:Broun (2004)
2344:
2332:
2325:Skene (1867)
2301:Broun (2004)
2292:
2281:Broun (2004)
2264:
2254:
2250:Skene (1867)
2241:
2230:James (2009)
2226:James (2011)
2222:James (2013)
2217:
2205:
2189:
2169:
2157:
2152:pp. 154â155.
2150:Woolf (2007)
2145:
2113:
2108:pp. 481â482.
2101:
2082:Hicks (2003)
2070:Lewis (2016)
2065:
2054:Hicks (2003)
2042:Woolf (2007)
2032:ch. 9 ¶ 10;
2024:pp. 9, 481;
2016:pp. 44, 53;
2005:
1998:Hicks (2003)
1982:Woolf (2007)
1966:James (2013)
1949:
1939:
1922:
1917:pp. 480â481.
1910:
1893:pp. 32, 34;
1891:Hicks (2003)
1857:ch. 8 ¶ 22;
1849:ch. 8 ¶ 23;
1827:Foley (2017)
1822:
1813:ch. 8 ¶ 22;
1805:ch. 8 ¶ 23;
1801:ch. 3 ¶ 13;
1790:
1754:
1725:pp. 9, 480;
1714:
1698:
1682:
1663:Cowen (2004)
1654:
1647:Broun (2004)
1639:Woolf (2007)
1606:
1590:
1580:
1575:
1559:
1549:
1540:
1530:
1525:
1507:
1503:
1496:Gallovidians
1489:
1484:
1466:
1461:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1418:
1410:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1381:
1369:
1343:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1301:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1266:
1261:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1232:
1226:
1221:
1208:
1191:
1179:
1171:
1163:
1152:
1134:West Lothian
1122:Renfrewshire
1108:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1041:
1033:
1026:
1016:
1010:
966:
956:
952:
948:
946:
932:
920:
908:
896:
894:
884:
879:The name of
860:
847:
835:
827:
820:
798:
794:
784:
772:
764:
754:
745:
743:
736:The name of
681:
677:
670:
649:
645:
631:
615:
611:
605:
595:
591:
562:
555:
540:
529:
517:
507:
505:
498:The name of
473:
467:
461:
455:
447:
442:The name of
412:
409:Solway Firth
386:
384:
353:
347:
337:
331:
304:River Eamont
297:
287:
281:
267:Renfrewshire
228:
194:
188:
184:River Eamont
156:Sitric CĂĄech
137:
108:
107:
47:
29:
10021:MĂĄel Coluim
10003:MĂĄel Coluim
9688:Williams, A
9630:11693/24776
9554:The Britons
9414:: 199â233.
9386:: 115â152.
9275:: 165â189.
9083:: 162â166.
8855:(1): 8â25.
8816:(1): 1â13.
8726:Harding, SE
8655:: 135â158.
8539:. Toronto:
7941:Campbell, E
7766:Duncan, AAM
7709:Dumville, D
7468:Boardman, S
7290:: 115â128.
7255:John Donald
7190:John Donald
6265:D.S. Brewer
5785:Colganvm, I
5293:pp. 70â71;
5279:Wood (2013)
5227:Wood (2013)
5197:pp. 85â86;
5151:Oram (2011)
5143:Wood (2013)
4990:Wood (2013)
4934:Wood (2013)
4898:Wood (2013)
4884:pp. 30â31;
4842:Wood (2013)
4826:Wood (2013)
4609:pp. 65â66;
4555:pp. 88â89;
4551:pp. 65â66;
4541:Wood (2013)
4489:pp. 65â66;
4455:Wood (2013)
4318:Proceedings
4291:Proceedings
4168:pp. 77â78;
4018:Wood (2013)
3986:pp. 96â97;
3926:Wood (2013)
3850:Wood (2013)
3844:pp. 77â78;
3693:Wood (2013)
3655:pp. 79â80;
3643:pp. 78â79;
3451:p. 3 n. 17.
3447:pp. 78â79;
3185:Wood (2013)
3032:ch. 4 ¶ 34.
3008:ch. 9 ¶ 15.
2677:chs. 2, 3;
2367:ch. 9 ¶ 4;
2196:pp. 50â52;
2176:pp. 50â51;
2120:pp. 50â51;
2050:Todd (2005)
1968:pp. 71â72;
1889:pp. 81â82;
1885:pp. 8, 10;
1863:Oram (2008)
1305:Two silver
1199:and before
1174:Cumbra land
1150:Old English
1138:Mid Lothian
1130:Peebleshire
1114:Lanarkshire
1056:Ăthelstan A
1038:MĂĄel Coluim
979:West Saxons
844:Cirencester
779:(seemingly
767:Wertermorum
548:Northumbria
306:, close to
278:MĂĄel Coluim
251:River Clyde
129:River Clyde
65:Predecessor
10050:Categories
10015:Owain Foel
9906:910sâ930s
9653:: 89â102.
9576:Stenton, F
9550:Snyder, CA
9491:Lapidge, M
9468:Sawyer, PH
9131:required.)
9060:10023/7829
8961:required.)
8683:: 57â114.
8633:required.)
8593:required.)
8399:Allen Lane
8192:Wormald, J
8162:required.)
8080:: 77â108.
7945:Forsyth, K
7715:. Dublin:
7687:0903903229
7670:Breeze, DJ
7550:: 139â169.
7498:Davies, RR
7458:1842/23321
7425:1842/23321
7340:required.)
7155:Clancy, TO
6877:2016048011
6615:. Oxford:
6242:. Dublin:
6213:27 January
6157:. London:
6112:Lapidge, M
6062:Hudson, BT
5921:. London:
5871:Egils Saga
5638:David Nutt
5636:. London:
5615:References
5481:pp. 85â86.
4788:pp. 92â93.
4276:pp. 77â78.
3799:pp. 36â37.
3243:pp. 66â67.
2940:p. 5, 59;
2411:pp. 14â15.
2383:ch. 9 ¶ 4.
1996:pp. 9â10;
1833:pp. 5, 7;
1817:pp. 8, 10.
1797:pp. 5, 7;
1531:MS Ff.1.27
1504:Egils saga
1468:Egils saga
1425:, and the
1389:subregulus
1365:NY48544627
1353:Owain Foel
1146:Cumberland
1140:, eastern
993:Succession
863:subregulus
856:Dorchester
850:subregulus
838:subregulus
830:subregulus
714:Roman fort
684:Bryttanium
263:hinterland
217:Background
9997:Rhydderch
9762:129167209
9754:0084-4276
9746:2045-0664
9621:1468-0254
9592:24592559M
9530:(1989) .
9528:Smyth, AP
9470:(2003) .
9392:2054-9385
9307:0003-5815
9298:1893/2122
9289:1758-5309
9212:0080-4401
9204:1474-0648
9188:: 59â91.
9089:2054-9385
9038:161252048
9030:0078-172X
9022:1745-8706
8885:163354318
8877:0078-172X
8869:1745-8706
8840:0043-2431
8822:0083-792X
8756:Sawyer, P
8752:Keynes, S
8734:CRC Press
8717:2054-9385
8711:: 29â78.
8689:2054-9385
8661:2054-9385
8528:0885-9159
8499:ignored (
8489:cite book
8467:0885-9159
8434:0039-3770
8385:1842/7401
8367:0043-2431
8359:0083-792X
8328:0036-9241
8320:1750-0222
8268:0959-3632
8127:(2011a).
8086:0075-8566
8047:2204-146X
8041:: 27â60.
7969:1471-5767
7961:1766-2028
7896:1468-0254
7861:0036-9241
7853:1750-0222
7820:0261-9865
7611:0020-157X
7603:1745-5219
7490:0261-9865
7407:0963-4959
7328:12 August
7128:0959-3632
7050:(2015) .
7048:Cannon, J
7017:0020-157X
7009:1745-5219
6975:162343198
6967:0078-172X
6959:1745-8706
6935:Breeze, A
6885:Wright, T
6828:Routledge
6812:24871544M
6798:Thorpe, B
6675:13999983M
6649:23286818M
6635:Skene, WF
6293:13 August
6187:cite book
6178:Lat. 4126
6146:0263-6751
6138:1474-0532
6124:: 61â98.
6096:0036-9241
6088:1750-0222
6013:24871887M
5999:Hardy, TD
5985:Giles, JA
5975:12 August
5955:12 August
5931:24871176M
5904:25499451M
5845:12 August
5811:13 August
5727:13 August
5673:Arnold, T
5665:14712679M
5014:§ 937.6;
4999:§ 937.6;
3821:§ 921.5;
3814:§ 921.5;
2785:§ 917.2;
2778:§ 917.2;
2699:§ 918.4;
2684:§ 918.4;
2654:§ 917.2;
2647:§ 917.2;
2259:fol. 29v.
2255:Lat. 4126
1960:pp. 6â7;
1518:Citations
1427:Old Welsh
1397:subreguli
971:panegyric
925:Irish Sea
911:subreguli
899:subreguli
781:Caithness
761:Dunnottar
624:Hywel Dda
588:Ăthelstan
482:, son of
379:ĂthelflĂŠd
197:subreguli
180:Ăthelstan
75:Successor
9770:Woolf, A
9690:(1999).
9578:(1963).
9552:(2003).
9315:18450115
9119:6 August
8969:(2010).
8581:6 August
8285:cite web
8252:: 5â18.
8214:7397531M
8020:12 March
7993:Oram, RD
7977:27917525
7926:cite web
7768:(2002).
7620:Lynch, M
7500:(2000).
7275:(1923).
7167:ABC-CLIO
7159:Koch, JT
7122:: 7â23.
7102:7042010M
7096:. 1909.
6983:Broun, D
6918:3512017M
6716:7055940M
6598:cite web
6541:cite web
6531:8 August
6521:"S 1792"
6507:cite web
6497:8 August
6473:cite web
6463:26 March
6439:cite web
6429:28 March
6405:cite web
6395:8 August
6371:cite web
6361:26 March
6337:cite web
6327:8 August
6303:cite web
6252:7064857M
6223:cite web
6104:25530832
5855:cite web
5821:cite web
5771:cite web
5737:cite web
5646:7115802M
5601:p. 147;
5593:p. 102;
5566:p. 116;
5562:p. 441;
5493:p. 140;
5381:p. 170;
5337:p. 170;
5281:p. 141;
5277:p. 527;
5237:p. 169;
5233:p. 165;
5225:p. 527;
5161:p. 101;
5145:p. 141;
5137:p. 303;
5133:p. 527;
5117:p. 281;
5058:p. 281;
5018:p. 133;
5007:p. 170;
4992:p. 142;
4936:p. 141;
4912:p. 169;
4892:p. 303;
4844:p. 148;
4812:p. 242;
4800:p. 109;
4772:p. 108;
4613:p. 168;
4559:p. 167;
4453:p. 516;
4315:ch. 10;
4288:ch. 10;
4120:p. 129;
4096:p. 149;
4092:p. 426;
4088:p. 109;
4036:p. 137;
3904:p. 221;
3896:p. 137;
3892:p. 109;
3864:p. 109;
3775:p. 159;
3723:p. 104;
3695:p. 140;
3591:p. 512;
3531:p. 162;
3511:p. 104;
3507:p. 512;
3423:p. 151;
3379:p. 151;
3279:p. 512;
3275:p. 172;
3219:p. 181;
3187:p. 140;
3131:p. 104;
3123:p. 151;
3119:p. 100;
3099:p. 512;
3044:p. 147;
2992:p. 240;
2964:p. 209;
2956:p. 301;
2896:p. 129;
2852:p. 125;
2848:p. 129;
2816:p. 301;
2727:p. 147;
2476:p. 203;
2457:p. 203;
2303:p. 128;
2248:p. 150;
2044:p. 154;
2040:p. 165;
1984:p. 153;
1972:p. 123;
1956:p. 118;
1933:p. 100;
1929:p. 478;
1869:p. 169;
1865:p. 169;
1841:p. 201;
1403:Eugenius
1393:(plural
1294:Hereford
1089:Eugenius
1050:See also
987:Edmund I
983:Mercians
718:Brocavum
572:Galloway
568:Pennines
536:Bakewell
425:UĂ Ămair
405:Hebrides
403:and the
397:Mercians
170:(son of
9991:Dyfnwal
9981:Dyfnwal
9975:Eochaid
9963:Arthgal
9895:Dyfnwal
9722:Wood, M
9352:(ed.).
8949:19 June
8758:(ed.).
8621:15 July
8479:23 June
8194:(ed.).
8125:Foot, S
7622:(ed.).
7161:(ed.).
6788:14 June
6768:14 June
6588:29 July
6565:29 July
6487:"S 435"
6453:"S 434"
6419:"S 426"
6385:"S 425"
6351:"S 413"
6317:"S 407"
5761:29 July
5589:p. 36;
5570:p. 497.
5558:p. 84;
5554:ch. 9;
5421:ch. 5;
5405:ch. 5;
5389:p. 222.
5377:ch. 5;
5361:p. 170.
5333:ch. 9;
5329:ch. 3;
5321:ch. 5;
5313:p. 45;
5285:p. 13;
5273:ch. 5;
5261:p. 482.
5205:p. 60;
5201:p. 14;
5181:p. 38;
5165:p. 58;
5157:ch. 9;
5153:ch. 2;
5141:ch. 3;
5129:ch. 5;
5090:p. 106.
5082:ch. 9;
5074:ch. 9;
5070:ch. 3;
5030:p. 428.
5026:p. 79;
4972:p. 86;
4956:p. 772.
4920:p. 96;
4908:ch. 9;
4904:ch. 9;
4896:ch. 3;
4888:ch. 5;
4848:p. 84;
4828:p. 148.
4816:p. 132.
4808:p. 97;
4804:p. 69;
4749:p. 28;
4745:p. 97;
4722:p. 46;
4694:ch. 5;
4682:p. 516.
4654:p. 60;
4605:p. 89;
4547:p. 89;
4394:p. 88;
4382:p. 46;
4354:ch. 10.
4256:ch. 5;
4232:p. 97;
4208:ch. 5;
4204:p. 46;
4176:p. 95;
4172:ch. 5;
4136:p. 68;
4132:p. 72;
4116:ch. 5;
4100:p. 96;
4068:p. 46;
4048:p. 68;
4044:p. 77;
4032:p. 74;
4028:p. 23;
4012:p. 30;
3978:p. 61;
3944:p. 76;
3884:ch. 5;
3856:ch. 9;
3848:ch. 5;
3795:p. 20;
3779:p. 332.
3751:ch. 9;
3747:ch. 9;
3743:ch. 5;
3731:p. 328.
3719:p. 14;
3707:ch. 9;
3691:ch. 5;
3675:p. 512.
3671:ch. 5;
3647:p. 85;
3631:p. 179.
3595:p. 328.
3563:ch. 5;
3527:ch. 5;
3491:ch. 5;
3399:p. 512.
3383:p. 14;
3367:ch. 5;
3343:ch. 5;
3339:p. 79;
3291:ch. 9;
3271:ch. 5;
3259:p. 79;
3255:p. 45;
3235:p. 91;
3215:p. 14;
3199:ch. 9;
3167:p. 42;
3163:p. 28;
3159:p. 79;
3155:p. 45;
3135:p. 87;
3127:p. 14;
3111:ch. 9;
3095:ch. 5;
3072:p. 77;
3048:p. 205.
2988:p. 95;
2960:ch. 3;
2944:p. 202.
2912:p. 227.
2872:p. 220.
2864:p. 69;
2763:p. 144.
2759:ch. 9;
2743:ch. 4;
2719:p. 64;
2688:ch. 9;
2616:ch. 4;
2604:p. 401.
2600:§ 459;
2593:§ 459;
2570:ch. 4;
2554:p. 68;
2550:p. 36;
2546:§ 459;
2539:§ 459;
2532:ch. 9;
2500:p. 62;
2488:p. 402.
2484:p. 68;
2480:p. 36;
2464:§ 459;
2453:§ 459;
2446:ch. 9;
2442:ch. 3;
2395:p. 28;
2355:p. 135.
2351:ch. 9;
2319:p. 71;
2311:p. 77;
2307:p. 37;
2236:p. 164.
2224:p. 72;
2136:p. 44;
2132:p. 73;
2124:p. 15;
2092:p. 19;
2072:p. 15;
2060:p. 328.
2052:p. 96;
2020:p. 20;
1976:p. 73;
1964:p. 44;
1937:p. 34;
1905:p. 112.
1881:p. 32;
1861:p. 73;
1773:ch. 8;
1765:p. 44;
1737:p. 73;
1733:ch. 8;
1729:ch. 8;
1721:p. 44;
1431:Cumbric
1357:Penrith
1155:Cumbras
1030:Dyfnwal
1003:Dyfnwal
969:. This
815:Penrith
775:Catenes
690:Britain
663:, near
618:Eamotum
484:Eadwulf
480:Ealdred
328:Dyfnwal
308:Penrith
255:Partick
239:British
235:Al Clud
172:Eadwulf
168:Ealdred
69:Dyfnwal
9849:
9818:
9799:
9780:
9760:
9752:
9744:
9710:
9676:
9619:
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