107:
226:(i.e., many lifts) does not represent a great impact on energy balance; however, its cumulative effect may be relevant". This is echoed by Reynolds and Kravitz in their survey of the literature where they remarked: "the overall weight-control benefits of EPOC, for men and women, from participation in resistance exercise occur over a significant time period, since kilocalories are expended at a low rate in the individual post-exercise sessions."
138:
123:
rate to an excess level that decays to 13% three hours after exercise, and 4% after 16 hours, for the studied exercise dose. Another study, specifically designed to test whether the effect existed for more than 16 hours, conducted tests for 48 hours after the conclusion of the exercise and found
221:
Most researchers use a measure of EPOC as a natural part of the quantification or measurement of exercise and recovery energy expenditure; to others this is not deemed necessary. After a single bout or set of weight lifting, Scott et al. found considerable contributions of EPOC to total energy
202:. In a 1992 Purdue study, results showed that high intensity, anaerobic type exercise resulted in a significantly greater magnitude of EPOC than aerobic exercise of equal work output. For exercise regimens of comparable duration and intensity, aerobic exercise burns more
215:, even though the subjects expended fewer than half as many calories during exercise. Whether this result was caused by the EPOC effect has not been established, and the caloric content of the participants' diet was not controlled during this particular study period.
1066:
Zeng, Ling-Qing; Zhang, Yao-Guang; Cao, Zhen-Dong; Fu, Shi-Jian (2010). "Effect of temperature on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in juvenile southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis Chen) following exhaustive exercise".
206:
during the exercise itself, but the difference is partly offset by the higher increase in caloric expenditure that occurs during the EPOC phase after anaerobic exercise. Anaerobic exercise in the form of
96:
until ATP and creatine levels are back to resting state levels again. Another use of EPOC is to fuel the body’s increased metabolism from the increase in body temperature which occurs during exercise.
492:
Schuenke, Mark; Mikat, Richard; McBride, Jeffrey (2002). "Effect of an acute period of resistance exercise on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption: Implications for body mass management".
416:
Bahr, R.; Høstmark, A. T.; Newsholme, E. A.; Grønnerød, O.; Sejersted, O. M. (1991). "Effect of exercise on recovery changes in plasma levels of FFA, glycerol, glucose and catecholamines".
103:(FFA) are released into the blood stream. In recovery, the direct oxidation of free fatty acids as fuel and the energy consuming re-conversion of FFAs back into fat stores both take place.
965:
Lee, C. G.; Devlin, R. H.; Farrell, A. P. (2003). "Swimming performance, oxygen consumption and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in adult transgenic and ocean-ranched coho salmon".
119:
The EPOC effect is greatest soon after the exercise is completed and decays to a lower level over time. One experiment, involving exertion above baseline, found EPOC increasing
229:
The EPOC effect clearly increases with the intensity of the exercise, and (at least in the case of aerobic exercise, perhaps also for anaerobic) the duration of the exercise.
270:
Betts, J Gordon; Desaix, Peter; Johnson, Eddie; Johnson, Jody E; Korol, Oksana; Kruse, Dean; Poe, Brandon; Wise, James; Womble, Mark D; Young, Kelly A (June 8, 2023).
864:
Lee, C. G. (2003). "Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in adult sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and coho (O. Kisutch) salmon following critical speed swimming".
928:
Gore, C. J.; Withers, R. T. (1990). "The effect of exercise intensity and duration on the oxygen deficit and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption".
222:
expenditure. In their 2004 survey of the relevant literature, Meirelles and Gomes found: "In summary, EPOC resulting from a single resistance exercise
321:
Scott, Christopher; Kemp, Richard (2005). "Direct and indirect calorimetry of lactate oxidation: Implications for whole-body energy expenditure".
992:
Lecheminant, J.; Jacobsen, D.; Bailey, B.; Mayo, M.; Hill, J.; Smith, B.; Donnelly, J. (2008). "Effects of Long-Term
Aerobic Exercise on EPOC".
827:
Laforgia, J.; Withers, R. T.; Gore, C. J. (2006). "Effects of exercise intensity and duration on the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption".
604:
Tremblay, Angelo; Simoneau, Jean-Aimé; Bouchard, Claude (1994). "Impact of exercise intensity on body fatness and skeletal muscle metabolism".
1021:
Matsuo, Tomoaki; Ohkawara, Kazunori; Seino, Satoshi; Shimojo, Nobutake; Yamada, Shin; Ohshima, Hiroshi; Tanaka, Kiyoji; Mukai, Chiaki (2012).
232:
Studies comparing intermittent and continuous exercise consistently show a greater EPOC response for higher intensity, intermittent exercise.
373:
281:
1023:"Cardiorespiratory fitness level correlates inversely with excess post-exercise oxygen consumption after aerobic-type interval training"
766:
745:
271:
181:
148:
241:
208:
538:
Børsheim, Elisabet; Bahr, Roald (2003). "Effect of
Exercise Intensity, Duration and Mode on Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption".
1232:
690:"Efeitos agudos da atividade contra-resistência sobre o gasto energético: revisitando o impacto das principais variáveis"
1237:
692:[Acute effects of resistance exercise on energy expenditure: revisiting the impact of the training variables].
65:
experiments have definitively disproven any association of lactate metabolism as causal to an elevated oxygen uptake.
163:
1194:
Gaesser, Glenn A; Brooks, George A (1984). "Metabolic bases of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption: a review".
159:
99:
EPOC is accompanied by an elevated consumption of fuel. In response to exercise, fat stores are broken down and
1104:
Scott, Christopherb; Littlefield, Nathanaeld; Chason, Jeffreyd; Bunker, Michaelp; Asselin, Elizabethm (2006).
986:
1106:"Differences in oxygen uptake but equivalent energy expenditure between a brief bout of cycling and running"
389:
Bahr R (1992). "Excess postexercise oxygen consumption--magnitude, mechanisms and practical implications".
61:
metabolism; in fact, the term "oxygen debt" is still widely used to this day. However, direct and indirect
49:. In historical contexts the term "oxygen debt" was popularized to explain or perhaps attempt to quantify
124:
measurable effects existed up to the 38-hour post-exercise measurement, for the studied exercise dose.
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Hayes, Sean (2022), "Burning Fat & Calories Post-Workout via the
Afterburn Effect/EPOC."
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895:"Effects of resistance exercise bouts of different intensities but equal work on EPOC"
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The effects of chronic and acute dehydration on high power exercise performance
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In recovery, oxygen (EPOC) is used in the processes that restore the body to a
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794:"Muscular Exercise, Lactic Acid, and the Supply and Utilisation of Oxygen"
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92:. New ATP is synthesized and some of this ATP donates phosphate groups to
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166:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
930:
European
Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
105:
688:
Meirelles, Cláudia de Mello; Gomes, Paulo Sergio Chagas (2004).
1151:"Misconceptions about Aerobic and Anaerobic Energy Expenditure"
641:"Energy Expenditure Before, During, and After the Bench Press"
131:
639:
Scott, Christopher B; Croteau, Alicia; Ravlo, Tyler (2009).
27:
Increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity
453:"Energy metabolism during the postexercise recovery in man"
211:
was also found in one study to result in greater loss of
1155:
746:"EPOC and the energetics of brief locomotor activity in
366:
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and
Function
276:. Houston: OpenStax CNX. 10.3 Muscle fibre contraction.
798:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
155:
194:
Studies show that the EPOC effect exists after both
88:. Post-exercise oxygen consumption replenishes the
451:Bielinski, R; Schutz, Y; Jéquier, E (July 1985).
792:Hill, A. V.; Long, C. N. H.; Lupton, H. (1924).
1196:Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
899:Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
533:
531:
645:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
8:
391:Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum
110:Illustration of the old "oxygen debt" theory
893:Thornton, M. K.; Potteiger, J. A. (2002).
744:Baker, Emily J.; Gleeson, Todd T. (1998).
457:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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694:Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte
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585:(Ph.D. dissertation). Purdue University.
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298:"oxygen deficit, epoc, lactate threshold"
182:Learn how and when to remove this message
80:balancing, replenishment of fuel stores,
994:International Journal of Sports Medicine
721:Reynolds, Jeff M; Kravitz, Len (2001).
262:
31:Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
494:European Journal of Applied Physiology
368:. New York: McGraw Hill. p. 425.
53:expenditure, particularly as regards
7:
41:) is a measurably increased rate of
754:The Journal of Experimental Zoology
430:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1991.tb09205.x
25:
1208:10.1249/00005768-198401000-00008
1069:Fish Physiology and Biochemistry
979:10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00057.x
912:10.1249/00005768-200204000-00024
581:Schmidt, Wilfred Daniel (1992).
552:10.2165/00007256-200333140-00002
242:High-intensity interval training
209:high-intensity interval training
136:
76:just performed. These include:
866:Journal of Experimental Biology
707:10.1590/S1517-86922004000200006
723:"Resistance training and EPOC"
418:Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
1:
658:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818c2845
618:10.1016/0026-0495(94)90259-3
335:10.1080/02640410410001716760
1149:Scott, Christopher (2005).
162:the claims made and adding
45:intake following strenuous
1254:
1110:Nutrition & Metabolism
829:Journal of Sports Sciences
323:Journal of Sports Sciences
1081:10.1007/s10695-010-9404-9
841:10.1080/02640410600552064
506:10.1007/s00421-001-0568-y
364:Saladin, Kenneth (2012).
84:repair, innervation, and
1168:10.1186/1550-2783-2-2-32
273:Anatomy & Physiology
1040:10.1186/1756-0500-5-646
967:Journal of Fish Biology
128:Size of the EPOC effect
811:10.1098/rspb.1924.0037
115:Duration of the effect
111:
1233:Exercise biochemistry
1123:10.1186/1743-7075-3-1
1006:10.1055/s-2007-965111
727:IDEA Personal Trainer
109:
987:The Pliagility Blog.
470:10.1093/ajcn/42.1.69
72:and adapt it to the
37:, informally called
1238:Exercise physiology
247:Exercise physiology
1027:BMC Research Notes
942:10.1007/BF00839153
200:anaerobic exercise
147:possibly contains
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878:10.1242/jeb.00548
696:(in Portuguese).
375:978-0-07-337825-1
283:978-1-947172-04-3
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1161:(2): 32–7.
1000:(1): 53–8.
750:domesticus"
329:(1): 15–9.
302:www.unm.edu
63:calorimeter
55:lactic acid
18:Oxygen debt
1227:Categories
733:(5): 17–9.
606:Metabolism
307:2024-06-17
258:References
156:improve it
160:verifying
121:metabolic
86:anabolism
39:afterburn
1187:18500953
1142:16390548
1097:24695117
1089:20499273
1059:23171610
1014:17879880
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591:13508540
568:43595995
560:14599232
522:12542325
514:11882927
397:: 1–70.
351:22784732
343:15841591
236:See also
204:calories
94:creatine
82:cellular
74:exercise
47:activity
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1178:2129144
1133:1334197
1050:3527216
1033:: 646.
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776:9433798
675:1109400
626:8028502
479:3893093
438:1957696
403:1605041
224:session
154:Please
78:hormone
59:lactate
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43:oxygen
1116:: 1.
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954:S2CID
853:S2CID
820:81203
816:JSTOR
671:S2CID
564:S2CID
518:S2CID
347:S2CID
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1183:PMID
1138:PMID
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772:PMID
663:PMID
622:PMID
587:OCLC
556:PMID
510:PMID
475:PMID
434:PMID
399:PMID
370:ISBN
339:PMID
278:ISBN
198:and
35:EPOC
1204:doi
1173:PMC
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1045:PMC
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1002:doi
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158:by
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