Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

911:," who suffers because of the sins of others. Jesus is said to fulfill this prophecy through his death on the cross. The verse from Isaiah 53:5 has traditionally been understood by many Christians to speak of Jesus as the Messiah. The claim frequently advanced by Christian apologists is that the noted Jewish commentator, Rashi (1040 CE – 1105 CE), was the first to identify the suffering servant of Isaiah 53 with the nation of Israel. The consensus among Jewish is that the "servant" in Isaiah 52-53 refers to the nation of Israel is misleading as by the implication then, the pagan nations would essentially be healed by making Jewish nation suffer and the more they strike them,the more they are to be healed. However, many still view the "suffering servant" as a reference to the whole Jewish people, regarded as one individual, and more specifically to the Jewish people 148:

word went out to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until the time of an anointed prince, there shall be seven weeks; and for sixty-two weeks it shall be built again with streets and moat, but in a troubled time. After the sixty-two weeks, an anointed one shall be cut off and shall have nothing, and the troops of the prince who is to come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary. Its end shall come with a flood, and to the end there shall be war. Desolations are decreed. He shall make a strong covenant with many for one week, and for half of the week he shall make sacrifice and offering cease; and in their place shall be an abomination that desolates, until the decreed end is poured out upon the desolator.

279:. Furthermore, Ezekiel (622–570 BCE) wrote in the seventh century BCE, four centuries after this subject of the biblical narration, nevertheless adopting a prophecy that is by its nature usually referred to future happenings. Therefore, as the "stick of Judah" stands for the House of Judah, and the "stick of Joseph" stands for his tribe (verse 19), the expression "David my servant shall be king over them" (verse 24) may be read as a prophecy about a person of the House of David, which would have ruled over one nation in one land, gathered upon the mountains of Israel on every side of the earth. 585:

belonging to the Philistines. He also looked to attempting to reincorporate some of the desolate northern territories into the kingdom of Judah and thus restore the boundaries of the country as it was under David. At this time Judah was the strongest nation on the Assyrian-Egyptian frontier. The "messianic oracle" ("The people walking in darkness have seen a great light; Upon those living in the land of deep darkness a light has dawned.") may have coincided with the coronation of Hezekiah and looked toward the deliverance of the Israelites living in the northern provinces.

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which someone suffers horribly, sometimes expressly for the sins of others. These passages, Christians have claimed, are clear statements about what the Messiah would be like. Jews who do not believe in Jesus, however, have always had a very effective response: the Messiah is never mentioned in these passages. You can check it out for yourself: read Isaiah 53 or Psalm 22 ... The term 'Messiah' never occurs in them. In Jewish tradition, these passages refer not to the Messiah but to someone else (or to lots of someone elses).

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corruption… Thou wilt make me full of gladness with thy presence." Brethren, I may say to you confidently of the patriarch David that he both died and was buried, and his tomb is with us to this day. Being therefore a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him that he would set one of his descendants upon his throne, he foresaw and spoke of the resurrection of the Christ, that he was not abandoned to Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption. This Jesus God raised up, and we are all witnesses of it.

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accepted as a sacrifice for others. 2. Some passages, such as the Psalms of Lament (e.g., Pss. 22, 35, 69) and the songs of the Suffering Servant of the Lord in the book of Isaiah (Isaiah 53), were taken to refer not just to any person who was suffering, or even to Israel as a whole (cf. Isaiah 49:3), but to the future messiah of Israel. 4. Jews and Christians began to debate the meanings of these texts, and the debates continue to this day."

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morning: thou hast the dew of thy youth. The Lord hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek. The Lord at thy right hand shall strike through kings in the day of his wrath. He shall judge among the heathen, he shall fill the places with the dead bodies; he shall wound the heads over many countries. He shall drink of the brook in the way: therefore shall he lift up the head. (KJV)

1302:. "And as for the fact that he raised him from the dead, no more to return to corruption, he spoke in this way, 'I will give you the holy and sure blessings of David.' Therefore, he also says in another psalm, 'Thou wilt not let thy Holy One see corruption.' For David, after he had served the counsel of God in his own generation, fell asleep, and saw corruption; but he whom God raised up saw no corruption" (Acts 13: 34–37). 1180:

derision. Then he will speak to them in his wrath, and terrify them in his fury, saying, "I have set my king on Zion, my holy hill." I will tell of the decree of the LORD: He said to me, "You are my son, today I have begotten you. Ask of me, and I will make the nations your heritage, and the ends of the earth your possession. You shall break them with a rod of iron, and dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel."

97:, and the influence of the scriptures is vastly increased when allusions and echoes are included, with half of Mark's gospel being made up of allusions to and citations of the scriptures. Matthew contains all Mark's quotations and introduces around 30 more, sometimes in the mouth of Jesus, sometimes as his own commentary on the narrative, and Luke makes allusions to all but three of the Old Testament books. 2744: 1946: 630:, which is by the sea, in the regions of Zebulun and Naphtali, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Isaiah the prophet, saying: "The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, By the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles: The people who sat in darkness have seen a great light, And upon those who sat in the region and shadow of death Light has dawned." 2296:

are not making predictions at all. And one has to admit, just looking at this set of debates from the outside, the Jewish readers have a point. In the passages allegedly predicting the death and resurrection of Jesus, for example, the term 'messiah' in fact never does occur. Many Christians are surprised by this claim, but just read Isaiah 53 for yourself and see.

818:("...built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, the Messiah Jesus himself being the cornerstone, in whom the whole structure, being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord. In him you also are being built together into a dwelling place for God by the Spirit."). It is through the Messiah's exaltation all nations are drawn to him, as in 942:. The eunuch comments that he does not understand what he is reading (Isaiah 53) and Philip explains to him that the passage refers to Jesus: "And the eunuch answered Philip, and said, I pray thee, of whom speaketh the prophet this? Of himself, or of some other man? Then Philip opened his mouth, and began at the same scripture, and preached unto him Jesus." 339:"You have been built on the foundation of the emissaries and the prophets, with the cornerstone being Yeshua the Messiah himself. In union with him the whole building is held together, and it is growing into a holy temple in union with the Lord. Yes, in union with him, you yourselves are being built together into a spiritual dwelling-place for God!", 1416:

However, this view is contested considering the Nahal Hever scribe's other numerous misspellings, such as one in the very same sentence, where ידיה is written instead of the correct ידי, making the Hebrew word ידי yadai "hands" into ידיה yadehah, "her hands". Christian apologists argue that this passage refers to Jesus.

581:, Isaiah opposed an alliance with Assyria, and counseled Ahaz to rely instead on the assurances of the Davidic covenant. This view was not well received at court. Assyria absorbed the lands of Zebulon and Naphtali to form the provinces of Galilee, Dor, and Gilead. Judah became a vassal kingdom of the Assyrians. 810:("Jesus answered them, 'Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.' The Jews then said, 'It has taken forty-six years to build this temple, and will you raise it up in three days?' But he was speaking about the temple of his body."). Through him the messianic community becomes a temple in 1911:

And I will pour out upon the house of David and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplications. And they shall look to me because of those who have been thrust through , and they shall mourn over it as one mourns over an only son and shall be in bitterness, therefore, as one is

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And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they shall look unto Me because they have thrust him through; and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is

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In the most ancient Jewish writings Zechariah 9:9 is applied to the Messiah. According to the Talmud, so firm was the belief in the ass on which the Messiah is to ride that "if anyone saw an ass in his dream, he will see salvation". The verse is also Messianically quoted in Sanh. 98 a, in Pirqé de R.

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intro). It is quite difficult because verse 3 is totally obscure, and the psalm speakers often. In Christian interpretation, it is understood as a reference to Jesus, as a messianic and sometimes eschatological psalm; Radak polemicizes against this view" 1. Here God is speaking to the king, called my

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Some commentators view this as an unfulfilled prophecy, arguing that the Jewish people have not all been gathered in Israel. Some Christians refer to the foundation of the State of Israel as fulfillment of this prophecy. Others argue that the fulfillment is that Jesus as Messiah brings all nations to

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The truth, of course, is that Jews throughout history have been no more illiterate, blind, or stupid than Christians. The typical response of Jews to the Christian claims that Jesus fulfilled prophecy is that the scriptural passages that Christians cite are either not speaking of a future messiah or

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Among Christian believers, opinion varies as to which Old Testament passages are messianic prophecies and which are not, and whether the prophecies they claim to have been fulfilled are intended to be prophecies. The authors of these Old Testament prophecies often appear to be describing events that

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So the soldiers came, and broke the legs of the first man and of the other who was crucified with Him; but coming to Jesus, when they saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs. But one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out. And he who

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noted, "The royal glorification expressed at the beginning of the Psalm was adopted by the New Testament as a messianic prophecy. For this reason the verse is among those most frequently used by New Testament authors, either as an explicit quotation or as an allusion." He further connects this image

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Why do the nations conspire, and the peoples plot in vain? The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD and his Anointed, saying, "Let us burst their bonds asunder, and cast their cords from us." He who sits in the heavens laughs; the LORD has them in

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and the Messianic Age on earth. Christian belief varies, with one segment holding that the Kingdom of God is not worldly at all, while another believe that the Kingdom is both spiritual and will be of this world in a Messianic Age where Jesus will rule on the throne of David. Most Jews hold that the

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Critical scholars question the legitimacy of claims that this and other Old Testament messianic prophecies were alluding to Christ. They see nothing in Old Testament writings that would connect messianic prophecies with a redeemer of the world who would establish a spiritual kingdom and in whom all

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So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first, and of the other who had been crucified with Jesus; but when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs. But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and at once there came out blood and water… For

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lend weight to the translation as "They have pierced my hands and my feet", by lengthening the ending yud in the Hebrew word כארי (like a lion) into a vav כארו "Kaaru", which is not a word in the Hebrew language but when the aleph is omitted becomes כרו, dig, similar to the Septuagint translation.

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or a daughter of Isaiah, although there are problems with both candidates – Hezekiah, for example, was apparently born nine years before the prophecy was given, – but the biblical chronology for Hezekiah is confused, and his identity as the prophesied child is strongly

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They will live in the land I gave to Ya'akov my servant, where your ancestors lived; they will live there – they, their children, and their grandchildren, forever; and David my servant will be their leader forever. I will make a covenant of peace with them, an everlasting covenant. I

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The Teaching Company, p. 36. "Early Christians began searching their Scriptures to see how these things could be. 1. The Hebrew Bible did not discuss the messiah's suffering. Some passages refer to the suffering of a righteous man (cf. Isaiah 53), who feels abandoned by God, but whose suffering is

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What is the rationale for distorting the scriptures so flagrantly? Well, the answer, of course, is obvious: the gospel writers were desperate to prove that their man Jesus was the Messiah who had been promised in the Old Testament. Since there really were no prophecies of a virgin-born, crucified,

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I bless the Lord who has given me understanding, because even in the night, my heart warns me. I keep the Lord always within my sight; for he is at my right hand, I shall not be moved. For this reason my heart is glad and my soul rejoices; moreover, my body also will rest secure, for thou wilt not

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as asking the chief priests and scribes of Jerusalem where the Messiah was to be born. They respond by quoting Micah, "In Beit-Lechem of Y'hudah," they replied, "because the prophet wrote, 'And you, Beit-Lechem in the land of Y'hudah, are by no means the least among the rulers of Y'hudah; for from

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The reign of Hezekiah saw a notable increase in the power of the Judean state. Hezekiah was successful in his wars against the Philistines, driving them back in a series of victorious battles as far as Gaza. He thus not only retook all the cities that his father had lost, but even conquered others

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Seventy weeks are decreed for your people and your holy city: to finish the transgression, to put an end to sin, and to atone for iniquity, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal both vision and prophet, and to anoint a most holy place. Know therefore and understand: from the time that the

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that Jesus fulfilled prophecy? Answer: the Bible says he did. So, the argument actually amounts to something like this: I know the Bible is true because Jesus fulfilled prophecy; and I know that Jesus fulfilled prophecy because the Bible says so, and what the Bible says is true. In other words: I

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But doesn't the Bible constantly talk about the Messiah who would suffer? As it turns out, the answer is no. Since the beginning, Christians have frequently cited certain passages in the Old Testament as clear prophecies of the future suffering Messiah, passages such as Isaiah 53 and Psalm 22, in

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in the Talmud, and so is verse 12 ("The land will wail, each family by itself: The family of the House of David by themselves, and their women by themselves; the family of the House of Nathan by themselves, and their women by themselves"), there being, however, a difference of opinion whether the

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Alfred Edersheim The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah 1883 "and there is a very curious comment in Debarim R. 1 (ed. Warsh., p. 4a) in connection with a Haggadic discussion of Genesis 43:14, which, however fanciful, makes a Messianic application of this passage - also in Bemidbar R. 11."

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took the branches of the palm trees and went out to meet Him, and began to shout, "Hosanna! BLESSED IS HE WHO COMES IN THE NAME OF THE LORD, even the King of Israel." Jesus, finding a young donkey, sat on it; as it is written, "FEAR NOT, DAUGHTER OF ZION; BEHOLD, YOUR KING IS COMING, SEATED ON A

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The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool. The Lord shall send the rod of thy strength out of Zion: rule thou in the midst of thine enemies. Thy people shall be willing in the day of thy power, in the beauties of holiness from the womb of the

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Kingdom of God will be on earth and the Messiah will occupy the throne of David. Christians (in particular Evangelicals) believe that it is both, and claim that it is spiritual (the historical Jesus completed salvation) and within right now, and physical and outward at the return of the Messiah (

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exiled the Ten Tribes in three stages (see 2nd Kings Chs. 15,17). The first time the people were not so severely shocked and alarmed, but when Sennacherib would return and uproot the remaining population of the Northern Kingdom, the distress would be felt much more intensely. The land is called

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non-critical scholars by their prooftexting actually discredit the claims of Jesus in the eyes of literary and historical critics ... much of contemporary critical scholarship on messianism, which argues that the messianic idea did not develop until the intertestamental period ... Old Testament

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God raised Jesus up, having loosed the pangs of death, because it was not possible for him to be held by it. For David says concerning him, "I saw the Lord always before me, for he is at my right hand that I may not be shaken… For thou wilt not abandon my soul to Hades, nor let thy Holy One see

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An angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and said, "Rise, take the child and his mother, and flee to Egypt, and remain there till I tell you; for Herod is about to search for the child to destroy him." And he rose and took the child and his mother by night, and departed to Egypt, and

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has seen has testified, and his testimony is true; and he knows that he is telling the truth, so that you also may believe. For these things came to pass to fulfill the Scripture, "NOT A BONE OF HIM SHALL BE BROKEN." And again another Scripture says, "THEY SHALL LOOK ON HIM WHOM THEY PIERCED."

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For modern Bible scholars, either the verses make no claim of predicting future events, or the verses make no claim of speaking about the Messiah. They view the argument that Jesus is the Messiah because he has fulfilled prophecy as a fallacy, i.e. it is a confession of faith masquerading as

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That additional, deeper meaning, intended by God but not clearly intended by the human author, which is seen to exist in the words of a biblical text (or group of texts, or even a whole book) when they are studied in the light of further revelation or development in the understanding of

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By the time of Jesus, this promise of Moses was understood to refer to a special individual. In John 6:14, after the multiplication of the loaves, people are quoted as saying, "This is truly the Prophet, the one who is to come into the world." In John 7:40, On the last day of the feast

1594:,: "It was necessary that all this should be prophesied, announced in advance. We needed to be told so that our minds might be prepared. He did not will to come so suddenly that we would shrink from him in fear; rather are we meant to expect him as the one in whom we have believed." 204:

The LORD will raise up for you a prophet like me from among yourselves, from your own kinsmen. You are to pay attention to him ... I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their kinsmen. I will put my words in his mouth, and he will tell them everything I order him.

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has been agreed to be a field that is unable to argue for the evidential fulfillment of prophecy, or that Jesus was indeed the Messiah because he fulfilled messianic prophecies, as it cannot "construct such an argument" within that academic method, since it is a theological claim.

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In a thoughtful essay, Gordon McConville has articulated the issue at hand. According to McConville, "Modern Old Testament scholarship has been largely informed by the belief that traditional Christian messianic interpretations of Old Testament passages have been exegetically

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quotes this verse as, "I will be his Father, and he will be my Son." In Samuel, the verse continues: "When he does wrong, I will punish him with the rod of men, with floggings inflicted by men." This is, however, not reflected in the comparable section in

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David), the author writes about his life in third person, referring to himself as "the/God's/your messiah" while clearly discussing his military exploits. Thus it can be argued that many of the portions that are asserted to be prophetic Psalms may not be.

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While Christians have cited the following as prophecies referencing the life, status, and legacy of Jesus, Jewish scholars maintain that these passages are not messianic prophecies and are based on mistranslations or misunderstanding of the Hebrew texts.

2038:, is that, although the suffering servant passage is clearly prophetic and even if Psalm 22 is prophetic, the Messiah has not come yet; therefore, the passages could not be talking about Jesus. As noted above, there is some controversy about the phrase " 486:

references this verse to support its claim of the supernatural origins of Jesus. In the time of Jesus, however, the Jews of Palestine no longer spoke Hebrew, and Isaiah had to be translated into Greek and Aramaic, the two commonly used languages. In the

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while the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them a question, saying, "What do you think of the Christ? Whose son is he?" They said to him, "The son of David." He said to them, "How is it then that David in the Spirit calls him Lord, saying,

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Isaiah 9:6 (Masoretic 9:5) "For a child is born unto us, a son hath been given unto us, and the government is placed on his shoulders; and his name is called, Wonderful, counsellor of the mighty God, of the everlasting Father, the prince of peace",

328:: "Yeshua answered them, 'Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up again.' The Judeans said, 'It took 46 years to build this Temple, and you're going to raise it in three days?' But the 'temple' he had spoken of was his body." (CJB) 2415:, p. 325. "Historical criticism cannot argue that Jesus really did fulfill prophecy and then treat that fulfillment as evidence that he was the messiah. Historical criticism simply has no method by which to construct such an argument." 1835:

state Jesus sent his disciples after only one animal. Several explanations have been suggested, such as that Matthew misread the original, the existence of the foal is implied, or he wanted to create a deliberate echo of a reference in

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No view of the Messiah as based on the Old Testament predicted a Messiah who would suffer and die for the sins of all people. The story of Jesus' death, therefore, involved a profound shift in meaning from the Old Testament tradition.

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Nevertheless, there will be no more gloom for those who were in distress. In the past he humbled the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the future he will honor Galilee of the nations, by the Way of the Sea, beyond the

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The idea that Bethlehem was to be the birthplace of the Messiah appears in no Jewish source before the 4th century CE. Jewish tradition appears to have emphasised the idea that the birthplace of the Messiah was not known.

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1 My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? why art thou so far from helping me, and from the words of my roaring? 2 O my God, I cry in the day time, but thou hearest not; and in the night season, and am not silent. ...

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erecting a statue of Zeus in the Temple. References to "most holy", "anointed one" and "prince" have been interpreted by Christians as speaking of Jesus, and the phrase "anointed one shall be cut off" as pointing to his

1249:. The proper noun was reduced to "son" in the Revised Version. The marginal interpretation accompanying the latter reads, "Worship in purity," which according to Joseph Hertz, "is in agreement with Jewish authorities." 1766:

Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout in triumph, O daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your king is coming to you; He is just and endowed with salvation, Humble, and mounted on a donkey, Even on a colt, the foal of a

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So he got up, took the child and his mother during the night and left for Egypt, 15 where he stayed until the death of Herod. And so was fulfilled what the Lord had said through the prophet: 'Out of Egypt I called my

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debate on the correct rendering of Zechariah 12:10 oftentimes come down to the translation of the Hebrew phrase "את אשר (’êṯ-’ă·šer or et-asher)" which can mean either "whom" or "about" depending on the context.

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But thou, Beth-lehem Ephrathah, which art little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall one come forth unto Me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth are from of old, from ancient days.

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For a child will be born to us, a son will be given to us; And the government will rest on His shoulders; And His name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, The Mighty God, The Everlasting Father, The Prince of

2110:. In this view, the life and ministry of Jesus is considered the revelation of these deeper meanings, such as with Isaiah 53, regardless of the original context of passages quoted in the New Testament. 3271:

Peter Stuhlmacher, "Jesus' Readiness to Suffer and His Understanding of His Death", in James D. G. Dunn, Scot McKnight (editors), The historical Jesus in recent research (Eisenbrauns, 2005), page 397.

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According to modern scholarship, the suffering servant described in Isaiah chapter 53 is actually the Jewish people in its original context. According to some, the rabbinic response, e.g., Rashi and

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Isaiah 9:6 (Masoretic 9:5) "For a child is born unto us, a son is given unto us; and the government is upon his shoulder; and his name is called Pele- joez-el-gibbor-Abi-ad-sar-shalom"; (JPS 1917)

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For a child has been born to us, a son given to us, and the authority is upon his shoulder, and the wondrous adviser, the mighty God, the everlasting Father, called his name, "the prince of peace."

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leave my soul in the abode of the dead, nor permit thy holy one to see corruption. Thou wilt show me the path of life, the fullness of joys in thy presence, and delights at thy right hand forever.

343:"...you yourselves, as living stones, are being built into a spiritual house to be cohanim set apart for God to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to him through Yeshua the Messiah." (CJB) 831:

Therefore thus saith the Lord God, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste. (KJV)

470:") standing nearby will shortly give birth to a child whose name will be Immanuel, "God is with us", and that the threat from the enemy kings will be ended before the child grows up. The 1550:

Psalm 110 is viewed as messianic in both Jewish and Christian tradition. Christian authors have interpreted this psalm as a messianic passage in light of several New Testament passages.

1245:, with "kiss his foot", and "kiss the Son" being most common in various languages for centuries (including the King James Version), though not in original Hebrew Manuscripts such as the 115:, meaning a young woman who is ripe for marriage, i.e. aged less than 13, or between 12 and 14 years old, according to other sources. rather than a virgin. Matthew, however, used the 3480: 516:

And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (KJV)

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will give to them, increase their numbers, and set my Sanctuary among them forever. My dwelling place will be with them; I will be their God, and they will be my people. (CJB)

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Although the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke give different accounts of the birth of Jesus, they both place the birth in Bethlehem. The Gospel of Matthew describes

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Verse 7. The LORD is the messiah's father. In Judaism the phrase "Son of God" has very different connotations than in Christianity, not referring to literal descent but to

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has nothing to do with virginity, but many conservative American Christians still judge the acceptability of new Bible translations by the way they deal with Isaiah 7:14.

350:: "Or don't you know that your body is a Temple for the Ruach HaKodesh who lives inside you, whom you received from God? The fact is, you don't belong to yourselves" (CJB) 1230:

employs verse 7 in order to argue that Jesus is superior to the angels, i.e., Jesus is superior as a mediator between God and man. "For to what angel did God ever say,

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And he shall set up a banner for the nations, and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth.

38:. Scholars have observed that few of these citations are actual predictions in context; the majority of these quotations and references are taken from the prophetic 1117:

Some modern scholars consider the birth stories as inventions by the gospel writers, created to glorify Jesus and present his birth as the fulfillment of prophecy.

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But he was pained because of our transgressions, crushed because of our iniquities; the chastisement of our welfare was upon him, and with his wound we were healed.

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scholarship is now divided: The majority takes a more historical approach to the Old Testament, resulting in a minimalist view of the Messiah in the Hebrew Bible.

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In the days to come, The Mount of the Lord’s house Shall stand firm above the mountains And tower above the hills; And all the nations Shall gaze on it with joy.

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I will be his father, and he shall be my son. If he commit iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men, and with the stripes of the children of men: (KJV)

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Tanakh = Tanach : Torah, Neviʼim, Ketuvim : the Torah, Prophets, Writings : the twenty-four books of the Bible, newly translated and annotated

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Tanakh = Tanach : Torah, Neviʼim, Ketuvim : the Torah, Prophets, Writings : the twenty-four books of the Bible, newly translated and annotated

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Tanakh = Tanach : Torah, Neviʼim, Ketuvim : the Torah, Prophets, Writings : the twenty-four books of the Bible, newly translated and annotated

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But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him, and with his stripes we are healed.

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has not started yet. Jews believe that the Messiah will completely change life on earth and that pain and suffering will be conquered, thus initiating the

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And David my servant king over them; and they all shall have one shepherd: they shall also walk in my judgments, and observe my statutes, and do them.

299:מִקְדָּשׁ Exodus 15:17) points rather to the Temple, in particular the renewed Temple, which will occupy Ezekiel's attention in the last chapters of 1425:

Many are the afflictions of the just man; but the Lord delivers him from all of them. He guards all his bones: not even one of them shall be broken.

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The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible, Translated and with commentary by Martin Abegg Jr., Peter Flint and Eugene Ulrich. (San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1999

60:, as the verses make no stated claim of being predictions, or are seen as having no correlation as they do not explicitly refer to the Messiah. 2039: 1384: 907:

Isaiah 53 is probably the most famous example seen by Christians to be a messianic prophecy fulfilled by Jesus. It speaks of one known as the "

4510: 1094:) Bethlehem Ephrathah is the town and clan from which king David was born, and this passage refers to the future birth of a new Davidic heir. 464:

of Judah, promises the king that God will destroy his enemies, and as a sign that his oracle is a true one he predicts that a "young woman" ("

108:

7:14: "therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign: the maiden is with child and she will bear a son, and will call his name Immanuel".

4416: 4393: 4141: 4107: 4080: 4053: 4019: 3992: 3694: 3444: 3084: 2520: 2357: 2319: 2288: 2248: 674: 4426: 1482:

Christians believe that this verse refers to Jesus' time on the cross in which he was given a sponge soaked in vinegar to drink, as seen in

104:

1:23: "'Look, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and they shall name him Emmanuel,' which means, 'God is with us.'". This references

3477: 1783:

as a prophecy of an act of messianic self-humiliation. The Gospel of John links this verse to the account of Jesus' entry into Jerusalem:

1523:; Perhaps these are the words spoken by a prophet. The king is very proximate to God, in a position of privilege, imagined as being on His 3633: 1890:

The Gospel of John makes reference to this prophecy when referring to the crucifixion of Jesus, as can be seen in the following account:

1547:) and royal tradition are here connected. While v.1-2 express the great power of the king, they also emphasize it comes from God" (YHWH). 558:

According to both Jewish and Christian interpretation, the prophet Isaiah was commanded to inform the people of Israel in a prophecy that

1338:

And about three o’clock Jesus cried with a loud voice, "Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?" that is, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?"

413:

remained there until the death of Herod. This was to fulfill what the Lord had spoken by the prophet, "Out of Egypt have I called my son"

2134: 264: 1619:, whereby God assures the king of his continued mercy to him and his descendants. It is in this context that Charles James Butler sees 3657: 2730: 3792: 2201:, p. 2: "The problem is that only a small handful of these Old Testament references were predictive in their original contexts." 2031:

Skeptics say that the Hosea passage clearly is talking about a historical event and therefore the passage clearly is not a prophecy.

1969: 1956: 4809: 4645: 4631: 4617: 4603: 4585: 4564: 4543: 4522: 4499: 4478: 4457: 4436: 4367: 4344: 4323: 4302: 4281: 4260: 4237: 4205: 3617: 3585: 3565: 3458: 3040: 2911: 2621: 2594: 1988: 1930: 354: 309:

Christianity believes that Ezekiel's Temple is more glorious than the Tabernacle of Moses (Exodus 25–40) and the Temple of Solomon (

2059:

resurrected Messiah in the Old Testament, they had to twist and distort to give the appearance that Jesus was the long-awaited one.

1907:

Zechariah 12:10 is often regarded as mistranslated by modern-day adherents to Judaism. It is often translated by Jews as follows:

723:

Some Christians believe that this verse refers to the birth of Jesus as the Messiah. The verse reads in Christian bible versions:

449:

Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, the young woman shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name

3532: 1376: 698: 1234:?" However, the phrase "son of God" appears in the Hebrew Bible to describe others than the coming Messiah, including David and 2722:

Jesus as the Eschatological Davidic Shepherd: Studies in the Old Testament, Second Temple Judaism, and in the Gospel of Matthew

1539:), they poetically become his "Footstool" 2. In contrast to v.1, God is spoken of in the third person. The Zion tradition (see 1283:

According to the preaching of Peter, this prophecy is about the messiah's triumph over death, i.e., the resurrection of Jesus.

822:("...and that repentance and forgiveness of sins should be proclaimed in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem."). 218:/Booths), the great day...Many of the people, therefore, when they heard this saying, said, Of a truth this is the Prophet. In 1531:. The second-in-command was seated to the right of the king in the ancient Near East. Such images are rare in psalms, but see 811: 347: 332: 3802: 3522:

Psalm 22:17: circling around the problem again. Kristin M. Swenson. Journal of Biblical Literature. 123.4 (Winter 2004) p640.

3150: 3117: 3010: 1612: 4248: 1748: 4794: 1311: 435: 430: 4707: 1441::20 as a messianic prophecy. In its account of the crucifixion of Jesus, the Gospel of John interprets it as a prophecy ( 260:(v. 17) so that he will "make them one stick, and they shall be one in mine hand" (v. 19), in a unique nation of Israel. 4406: 3195: 291:

They will "live" ('made for thee to dwell' in Song of The Sea Exodus 15:17) in the land. The "dwelling place" (Hebrew

3908: 4334: 336: 3317: 1156:

David finds King Saul's killer and asks, "Why were you not afraid to lift your hand to destroy the LORD's anointed?"

983: 3707: 1153: 3596:

The Jewish Study Bible: Featuring The Jewish Publications Society Tanakh Translation Oxford University Press / 2004

2974: 2149: 888: 186: 4313: 4125:, p. 3: "A bit of critical thinking can spot the fundamental error in this argument's reasoning. What is the 1411:'s ωρυξαν "dug". While this translation is highly controversial, it is asserted in Christian apologetics that the 843: 815: 528: 4770: 3074: 2236:

Ehrman, Bart D. (2009). "7. Who Invented Christianity? A Suffering Messiah. Jewish Expectations of the Messiah".

1583: 1536: 1372: 1224:

interprets Jesus' rising from the dead as confirmation of verse 7 ("You are my son, today I have begotten you").

999: 768: 764: 532: 520: 340: 310: 173: 141: 4746: 4574:

Yu Chui Siang Lau, Theresa (2010). "The Gospels and the Old Testament". In Harding, Mark; Nobbs, Alanna (eds.).

1837: 1532: 1353: 1242: 870: 847: 635: 524: 48:

do not regard any of these as having been fulfilled by Jesus, and in some cases do not regard them as messianic

4751: 2164: 2129: 1917: 1544: 1483: 920: 802:

Some Christians believe that Jesus the Messiah is the ultimate "house" or dwelling place of God, as is told in

779: 733: 56:

prophecies that were regarded as referring to the arrival of Christ are either not thought to be prophecies by

4765: 3764: 3760: 1900: 1793: 1772: 1450:

these things took place that the scripture might be fulfilled, "Not a bone of him shall be broken." And again

1107: 495:

means a young woman of childbearing age or who is a mother, but the Greek translation of Isaiah 7:14 rendered

2698: 1624: 1540: 1349: 1221: 819: 783: 760: 751: 643: 4026:

Thus while a purely individual Messianic interpretation fails to recognize the simple fact that the Servant

3756: 3398: 1563: 1491: 1487: 1060: 807: 803: 325: 3932: 3883: 3858: 2637:

Meadowcroft, Tim (2001). "Exploring the Dismal Swamp: The Identity of the Anointed One in Daniel 9:24-27".

2352:. New American Commentary Studies in Bible and Theology Series. B&H Publishing Group. pp. 22, 26. 1819:

and a separate donkey, whereas the original only mentions the colt; the reference in Zechariah is a Jewish

795: 4804: 4779: 4333:

Coogan, Michael D. (2007). "Isaiah". In Coogan, Michael D.; Brettler, Mark Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (eds.).

2159: 1646: 1361: 1191: 177: 4030:

Israel, we may nonetheless fairly see the Servant, and believe that Jesus saw him, as a Messianic figure.

2556: 1881:

mourning is caused by the death of the Messiah Ben Joseph, or else on account of the evil concupiscence (

321:: "The Word became a human being and lived with us, and we saw his Sh'khinah" (שָׁכֵחַ Exodus 25:8) (CJB) 4680: 3230:

Prophecy and the Fundamentalist Quest: An Integrative Study of Christian and Muslim Apocalyptic Religion

2144: 2124: 1820: 206: 1125:

Some portions of the Psalms are considered prophetic in Judaism, even though they are listed among the

418: 2817: 2280: 153: 2314:. New American Commentary Studies in Bible and Theology Series. B&H Publishing Group. p. 6. 1459: 1323: 1048: 912: 182: 61: 2541:(n.p.: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1930; repr., Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1965), 289; 1430: 456:

Early Christian tradition interpreted this verse as a reference to the mother of Jesus. The prophet

1024: 578: 4149: 3734:

American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (Oct., 1895 - Jan., 1896)

1442: 1327: 930:

One of the first claims in the New Testament that Isaiah 53 is a prophecy of Jesus comes from the

592:, the salvation of which he speaks is the miraculous end of Sennacherib's siege of Jerusalem (see 4760: 4011:

Jesus and the Old Testament: His Application of Old Testament Passages to Himself and His Mission

3607: 2662: 2238: 2154: 1877: 1873:

is another verse commonly cited by Christian authors as a messianic prophecy fulfilled by Jesus.

1591: 1195: 1010: 935: 404:

referred to the deliverance of the people of Israel from bondage in Egypt. The Gospel of Matthew

35: 4229:

The Reality of God and Historical Method: Apocalyptic Theology in Conversation with N. T. Wright

1198:

identifies "the nations conspire, and the peoples plot in vain" as the enemies referred to in

4043: 938:

to approach an Ethiopian eunuch who is sitting in a chariot, reading aloud to himself from the

4641: 4627: 4613: 4599: 4581: 4560: 4539: 4518: 4495: 4474: 4453: 4432: 4412: 4389: 4381: 4363: 4340: 4319: 4298: 4277: 4256: 4233: 4227: 4201: 4195: 4103: 4097: 4076: 4070: 4049: 4015: 4009: 3988: 3798: 3675: 3637: 3613: 3581: 3561: 3146: 3113: 3080: 3036: 3006: 2917: 2907: 2813: 2736: 2726: 2720: 2654: 2617: 2611: 2590: 2516: 2385: 2353: 2315: 2284: 2244: 1812: 1662: 1551: 971: 908: 615: 611: 483: 390: 168:

c. 167 BCE and the "an anointed one shall be cut off" refers to the murder of the high priest

101: 86: 81:

were an important source for the New Testament authors. There are 27 direct quotations in the

57: 4468: 3982: 2584: 2347: 1087: 4638:

Messianic Prophecy: Its Origins, Historical Growth and Relation to New Testament Fulfillment

4533: 4170: 3210: 2783: 2646: 2510: 2309: 2273: 2068: 2064: 1801: 1658: 1616: 1578:? If David thus calls him Lord, how is he his son?" And no one was able to answer him a word 1412: 1360:). Some scholars see this as evidence that the words of Jesus were not part of a pre-Gospel 1246: 1083: 759:

himself (cf. 11:10 "Nations will seek his counsel / And his abode will be honored.") citing

701:

is different (9:6 in the Christian Old Testament is numbered 9:5 in Hebrew Bible versions).

253: 165: 27: 23: 4724: 3145:(1st student size ed., Stone ed.). Brooklyn, N.Y.: Mesorah Publications. p. 968. 3112:(1st student size ed., Stone ed.). Brooklyn, N.Y.: Mesorah Publications. p. 968. 3056: 3005:(1st student size ed., Stone ed.). Brooklyn, N.Y.: Mesorah Publications. p. 966. 1091: 814:("Do you not know that you all are God's temple and that God's Spirit dwells in you?") and 763:("And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.") and Paul in 4687: 4657: 3484: 3465: 3199: 3125: 2770: 2586:

Counting the Days to Armageddon: The Jehovah's Witnesses and the Second Presence of Christ

2174: 1870: 1556: 1388: 1098: 1040: 1003: 916: 257: 3957: 3181:

Rabbi Isaac Leeser's translation 1853 and the 1917 Jewish Publication Society translation

2275:

Forged: Writing in the Name of God--Why the Bible's Authors Are Not Who We Think They Are

978:

weeping for her children refused to be comforted for her children, because they were not.

360:

Judaism holds that the Messiah has not yet arrived namely because of the belief that the

335:: "Don't you know that you people are God's Temple and that God's Spirit lives in you?", 219: 3747:

D. A. Carson, The Gospel According to John (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1991), page 433.

3165:, whom God – the Wondrous Adviser, Mighty God, Eternal Father – called 'Prince of Peace. 1566:, Peter refers to the similar glorification of Jesus in the context of the resurrection 1013:

of Rachel's children in Assyria. The subsequent verses describe their return to Israel.

4799: 4191: 3225: 2213: 2119: 2095: 2072: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1650: 1642: 1636: 1528: 1380: 1274: 1217: 1056: 939: 658: 567: 488: 365: 161: 120: 105: 94: 90: 82: 78: 39: 4624:

Messianic Prophecy: The Prediction of the Fulfilment of Redemption Through the Messiah

3536: 1148:

with olive oil when they assumed their position (e.g. David, Saul, Isaac, Jacob). And

4788: 4356: 3422: 3291: 2241:: Revealing the Hidden Contradictions in the Bible (And Why We Don't Know About Them) 2079:

to describe the supposed deeper meaning intended by God but not by the human author.

1804:

make clear that Jesus arranged this event, thus consciously fulfilling the prophecy.

1780: 1576:

The Lord said to my Lord: Sit at my right hand, till I put thy enemies under thy feet

1213: 958: 950: 892: 408:

applies it to the return from Egypt of Jesus and his family as a messianic prophecy:

374: 370: 361: 249: 245: 53: 19: 3719: 2063:

A number of Christian scholars, however, present a different approach. Developed by

2784:"Why Don't Jews Believe In Jesus - The difference between Judaism and Christianity" 2680: 2169: 2103: 2047: 2012: 1816: 1392: 1277: 995: 991: 931: 839: 694: 185:, the "troops of the prince who is to come" being taken to refer to the Romans who 4775: 3097:

American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Jul., 1924)

1472:

They gave me also gall for my meat; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink

1356:("Into your hands I commit my spirit") while John has Jesus say "It is finished" ( 923:, a compendium of rabbinic folklore, historical anecdotes and moral exhortations, 4575: 4554: 4489: 4447: 4292: 4271: 806:("And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory") and 4776:

The Grounds of Christianity Examined by Comparing The New Testament with the Old

4755: 4402: 2099: 1883: 1808: 1670: 1607: 1227: 1159:

In many Psalms, whose authorship are traditionally ascribed to King David (i.e.

835: 647: 646:

by the author of the Gospel of Matthew has led Christian authors to hint at its

559: 442: 295:מִשְׁכָּן Exodus 25:9) recalls the wilderness tabernacle. The Sanctuary (Hebrew 248:

refers to a person coming from the House of David as the servant of God, unique

223: 4735:

Messiah Revealed: Over 300 Prophecies from the Hebrew Scriptures Reveal Messiah

3343: 2548:

3 vols. (Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1965), 1:287.

2546:

The Book of Isaiah: The English Text, with Introduction, Exposition, and Notes,

1876:

In some of the most ancient Jewish writings, Zechariah 12:10 is applied to the

1348:

The other two canonical Gospels give different accounts of the words of Jesus.

2740: 2035: 2020: 1863: 1408: 1357: 1130: 654: 563: 550: 303: 300: 215: 116: 49: 4270:

Blomberg, Craig L. (2007). "Matthew". In Beale, G. K.; Carson, D. A. (eds.).

3192: 2903:

The Pentateuch and Haftorahs: Hebrew Text, English Translation and Commentary

2658: 1032: 924: 884: 685: 197: 4729: 2921: 1961:. The specific problem is: Is Farrel Till necessary, reliable and pertinent? 1654: 1503: 1368: 1199: 1145: 1079: 1064: 1052: 1044: 1006:

as the fulfillment of a prophecy allegedly given by this verse in Jeremiah.

859: 627: 597: 593: 571: 405: 318: 169: 4719: 3658:"General Audience of 16 November 2011: Psalm 110 (109) | BENEDICT XVI" 2699:"1611 King James Bible. Book of Ezekiel, chapter 37, verses from 15 to 24" 1615:. The phrase as quoted in Hebrews is generally seen as a reference to the 1009:

The phrase "because her children are no more" is believed to refer to the

3162: 2901: 2864:

What the Rabbis Know About the Messiah- A Study of Genealogy and Prophecy

2139: 2076: 1620: 1438: 1331: 1270: 1220:

setting themselves against Jesus as evidence that Psalm 2 refers to him.

772: 623: 601: 475: 450: 200:

speaks of a prophet who would be raised up from among the Jewish nation:

4491:

Jesus and Scripture: Studying the New Testament Use of the Old Testament

3834: 3329: 3257: 3242: 2666: 2027:

When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called my son.

1845: 1515: 1299: 1173: 1126: 396:

When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called my son.

272: 45: 3733: 3096: 2991:"In Hebrew texts 9:1 is numbered 8:23, and 9:2-21 is numbered 9:1–20." 934:

chapter 8 verses 26–36, which describes a scene in which God commands

4072:

Theology of the Prophetic Books: The Death and Resurrection of Israel

1206: 1190:

Psalm 2 can be argued to be about David; the authors of Acts and the

975: 895: 717: 457: 263:

Verses from to 15 to 24 cannot be referring to King David, since the

2650: 2512:

ChildFaith: Experiencing God and Spiritual Growth with Your Children

1202:: "Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool." 2002:

had already occurred. For example, the New Testament verse states:

4734: 4692: 4553:

Valantasis, Richard; Bleyle, Douglas K.; Haugh, Dennis C. (2009).

1379:) reads כארי ידי ורגלי ("like a lion my hands and my feet"). Many 1235: 1075: 954: 899: 662: 589: 466: 429: 401: 276: 31: 3558:

What A Christian Believes: An Easy to Read Guide to Understanding

3193:

Philologos | The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah | Appendix 9

3158: 1666: 1649:

of the Old Testament. The Deuterocanonical books are considered

1569:

The gospel writers interpret the psalm as a messianic prophecy:

1071: 605: 461: 4747:

Old Testament Prophecies of Jesus Proven False, by Thomas Paine

4130:

believe the Bible is true because I believe the Bible is true."

3157:"This wondrus salvation took place in the days of the child of 479:

suggested by the reference to Immanuel's "land" in 8.8 and 10.

4702: 3495:

Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible, (Eerdmans, 2000), page 1012.

2046:

objective rational argumentation. As Christian-turned-atheist

1939: 1840:, where there are two asses for David's household to ride on. 704:

Newer Jewish versions do not translate the verse as follows:

3835:

Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 90, No. 1 (Mar., 1971)

3129:'region of the nations', because so many peoples desired it. 42:, but they range over the entire corpus of Jewish writings. 4610:

Find It Fast Messianic Prophecies Fulfilled In Jesus Christ

3243:

Journal of Biblical Literature Vol. 57, No. 1 (Mar., 1938)

1807:

The Gospel of Matthew describes Jesus' triumphant entry on

317:(1) the glory in which God dwells with man in the Messiah, 2557:"Virgin Birth of Christ: Prophecies in Genesis and Isaiah" 1680:

because he is inconvenient to us and opposes our actions;

1144:

mean "anointed one". In ancient times Jewish leaders were

1102:

you will come a Ruler who will shepherd my people Isra'el.

377:, coming down out of heaven from God" Revelation 21:1–4). 4697: 4535:

Isaiah 1–39: With an Introduction to Prophetic Literature

4470:

The Historical-Critical Method: A Guide for the Perplexed

2866:, [Cincinnati Ohio; Messianic Publishing Co., 1993, p. 40 2387:"This Is My Doctrine": The Development of Mormon Theology 2349:

The Messianic Hope: Is the Hebrew Bible Really Messianic?

2311:

The Messianic Hope: Is the Hebrew Bible Really Messianic?

1725:

for if the righteous man is God’s son, he will help him,

1722:

and let us test what will happen at the end of his life;

434:

The Vision of Isaiah is depicted in this 1860 woodcut by

4273:

Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament

4042:

David Noel Freedman; Allen C. Myers (31 December 2000).

2874: 2872: 2834: 2832: 1241:

Texts vary in the exact wording of the phrase beginning

4730:

Messianic Prophecies by J. Hampton Keathley, III, Th.M.

4449:

Jesus' Exposition of the Old Testament in Luke's Gospel

3258:

Harvard Theological Review Vol. 75, No. 3 (Jul., 1982)

1964: 1728:

and will deliver him from the hand of his adversaries.

1364:

narrative, but were added later by the Gospel writers.

4556:

The Gospels and Christian Life in History and Practice

1823:

referring only to a single animal, and the gospels of

1209:

who have become conscious of God's father of mankind.

850:

which mention a stone of stumbling and a cornerstone.

716:

This verse is expressly applied to the Messiah in the

657:

interpretation of scripture (Isaiah 8:23–9:2), in the

4099:

Unlock the Bible: Keys to Understanding the Scripture

3909:"Jewish Messianic Interpretations of Zechariah 12:10" 2509:

Ratcliff, Donald; Ratcliff, Brenda (1 January 2010).

2472: 2448: 1743:

for, according to what he says, he will be protected.

1701:

because his manner of life is unlike that of others,

1454:

says, "They shall look on him whom they have pierced"

1051:

has been interpreted by Christian apologists, and by

226:

said that Jesus was the fulfillment of this promise.

4771:

A Critical Examination of the Seventy Weeks Prophecy

4761:

Stephen Jay Gould's response to prophecy fulfillment

4708:

Lets Get Biblical tape series online at beJewish.org

4384:, in Mills, Watson E; Bullard, Roger Aubrey (eds.), 3606:

Hippo.), Saint Augustine (Bishop of (July 5, 2003).

2906:(2nd ed.). London: Soncino Press. p. 202. 1535:. If the king trods on the back of his enemies (see 1152:

is used as a name for kings in the Hebrew Bible: in

4577:

The Content and the Setting of the Gospel Tradition

1445:) and presents some of the details as fulfillment. 1298:Also of note is what Paul said in the synagogue at 1063:), as a prophecy that the Messiah would be born in 503:, the Greek word for "virgin". Scholars agree that 4355: 2272: 1273:as a messianic prophecy is common among Christian 838:interprets the stone mentioned as Christ, quoting 4405:(2000), "Christ", in Freedman, David Noel (ed.), 4374:Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium. 4075:. Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 223–224. 3693:sfn error: no target: CITEREFAugustine_of_Hippo ( 3443:sfn error: no target: CITEREFAugustine_of_Hippo ( 2460: 614:cites the messianic oracle, when Jesus began his 4358:Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium 3397:, (Continuum International, 2004), page 79; see 3032:The Catholic Study Bible: The New American Bible 3958:"Zechariah 12 :: King James Version (KJV)" 3576:James Montgomery Boice and Philip Graham Ryken 2231: 2229: 2227: 2088: 2056: 2025: 2004: 1909: 1892: 1855: 1815:. Matthew describes the prophecy in terms of a 1785: 1764: 1675: 1601: 1571: 1507: 1470: 1447: 1423: 1336: 1315: 1285: 1256: 1177: 1028: 968: 877: 863: 829: 788: 744: 725: 720:, i.e. Aramaic commentary on the Hebrew Bible. 678: 620: 542: 514: 447: 410: 394: 284: 233: 202: 145: 123:, and the word that appears there is παρθένος ( 111:The Hebrew word translated here as "maiden" is 4720:Messianic Prophecies Fulfilled by Jesus Christ 4513:. In Dunn, James D.G.; Rogerson, John (eds.). 4251:. In Dunn, James D.G.; Rogerson, John (eds.). 3688: 3438: 2969: 2967: 2823:Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 2209: 2207: 1713:he calls the last end of the righteous happy, 4181:(Baltimore: St. Mary's University, 1955), 92. 2975:"Isaiah 8:23-9:2 (New International Version)" 2766: 2764: 2762: 2019:This is referring to the Old Testament verse 1973:that contextualizes different points of view. 1959:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies 1686:and accuses us of sins against our training. 653:While the Gospel of Matthew modifies a Greek 8: 4048:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 1190. 3780:. Continuum International. pp. 344+345. 3177: 3175: 2616:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 150. 2266: 2264: 1707:We are considered by him as something base, 164:is writing a contemporaneous account of the 4142:"Prophecy Fulfillment: An Unprovable Claim" 3652: 3650: 3384:, (Continuum International, 2004), page 79. 3330:Biblical World, Vol. 9, No. 6 (Jun., 1897) 2180:Unfulfilled Christian religious predictions 1695:He became to us a reproof of our thoughts; 1683:he reproaches us for sins against the law, 1232:Thou art my Son, today I have begotten thee 600:) in the days of the Prince of Peace, King 535:, which mention a stone and a cornerstone. 331:(3) the messianic community as the Temple, 187:destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple in 70 AD 73:Overview: prophecy and biblical scholarship 4200:. Clements Publishing Group. p. 108. 4197:Approaches to Old Testament Interpretation 4014:. Regent College Publishing. p. 111. 3024: 3022: 1677:Let us lie in wait for the righteous man, 970:Thus saith the Lord; A voice was heard in 391:Flight into Egypt § Prophecy of Hosea 4596:All the Messianic Prophecies of the Bible 3987:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 49. 2934: 1989:Learn how and when to remove this message 1731:Let us test him with insult and torture, 1698:the very sight of him is a burden to us, 1330:) quote Jesus as speaking these words of 346:(4) the body of the individual believer, 4766:The Problem of the Virgin Birth Prophecy 4428:The Complete Guide to Bible Translations 2515:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 8. 2243:. HarperCollins, USA. pp. 228–229. 2198: 1740:Let us condemn him to a shameful death, 1367:In most Hebrew manuscripts, such as the 523:interprets the stone as Christ, quoting 400:In its original context, this text from 313:), pointing forward to several beliefs: 131:Prophecies Christians consider fulfilled 4140:Till, Farrell (January–February 1996). 3720:"Psalms - American Presbyterian Church" 2958: 2496: 2191: 1734:that we may find out how gentle he is, 1692:and calls himself a child of the Lord. 1689:He professes to have knowledge of God, 782:is to be understood in connection with 353:(5) the heavenly Jerusalem, Revelation 160:The general scholarly view is that the 4752:The Fabulous Prophecies of the Messiah 4122: 3837:Requires subscription for full content 3736:Requires subscription for full content 3332:Requires subscription for full content 3260:requires subscription for full content 3245:requires subscription for full content 2946: 2878: 2850: 2838: 2747:from the original on November 25, 2018 2484: 2424: 2412: 2040:they have pierced my hands and my feet 1925:Verses read as Davidic line prophecies 1665:, but are considered non-canonical by 1385:they have pierced my hands and my feet 953:, suffering from the cruelties of the 324:(2) The Messiah's body is the Temple, 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2804:, InterVarsity Press, 2004, page 249. 2589:. James Clarke & Co. p. 42. 2555:Rickard, Stanley Edgar (Ed) (2022) . 1194:interpreted it as relating to Jesus. 675:Pele-joez-el-gibbor-abi-ad-sar-shalom 574:, in later years, was coming nearer. 282:The narration continues as follows: 7: 4096:Ronald F. Youngblood (30 May 2011). 3797:. Wipf and Stock. pp. 167–168. 3791:Feinberg, Charles L (20 June 2003). 2802:An Introduction to the New Testament 2610:Seow, Choon Leong (1 January 2003). 2583:Crompton, Robert (27 October 1996). 2436: 1844:Eliez. c. 31, and in several of the 1451: 252:of Israel, which will rule over the 3794:God Remembers: A Study of Zechariah 3057:"HEZEKIAH - JewishEncyclopedia.com" 2725:. Mohr Siebeck. 2006. p. 139. 2473:Valantasis, Bleyle & Haugh 2009 2449:Valantasis, Bleyle & Haugh 2009 2135:Christian views on the Old Covenant 1779:Christian authors have interpreted 1737:and make trial of his forbearance. 1716:and boasts that God is his father. 1710:and he avoids our ways as unclean; 974:, lamentation, and bitter weeping; 771:, emphasizing the inclusion of the 4102:. Thomas Nelson Inc. p. 187. 3981:Isbon T. Beckwith (9 March 2001). 3676:"On Psalm 110, to Christ the King" 3533:"Downloads | Evidence Unseen" 3459:Bibliotheca Sacra 142 (July, 1985) 2773:; "History of Salvation in the OT" 2709:from the original on Nov 13, 2014. 1811:as a fulfillment of this verse in 1719:Let us see if his words are true, 778:Some Christians also believe that 14: 4626:Wipf & Stock Publishers 2005 3478:BIBLIOTHECA SACRA 147 (July 1990) 3292:"Who is God's Suffering Servant?" 3029:Collins, John J. (July 5, 2011). 2390:. Greg Kofford Books. p. 153 2271:Ehrman, Bart D. (22 March 2011). 1936:Debate about prophecy fulfillment 1931:Davidic dynasty in Bible prophecy 1858:in bitterness for his first-born. 1074:of Bethlehem, who was the son of 4652:Old Testament Messianic Prophecy 4515:Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible 4253:Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible 4045:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible 3907:Jesus, Jews for (January 2005). 3609:Expositions of the Psalms 99-120 3411:The Nativity: History and Legend 3076:Ancient Israel and Its Neighbors 2818:The Messiah and the Hebrew Bible 2685:, The Catholic Resource Network" 1944: 1912:embittered over a firstborn son. 661:it refers to the "region of the 4741:Skeptical and Critical analysis 4662:Are You the One Who Is to Come? 4318:. Westminster John Knox Press. 3371:, Anchor Bible (1999), page 36. 2401:must put their faith or perish. 2023:. However, that passage reads, 1019:Micah 5:2 (Micah 5:1 in Hebrew) 119:text of Isaiah rather than the 4714:Evangelical Christian analysis 4654:Zondervan 1957 ASIN B000GSNPMQ 4509:Saldarini, Anthony J. (2001). 4386:Mercer dictionary of the Bible 4294:Helping Jesus Fulfill Prophecy 4008:R. T. France (February 2000). 3427:The Historical Figure of Jesus 3280:ed. Lemberg, p. 45a, last line 3232:(McFarland, 2008), page 26-27. 2639:Journal of Biblical Literature 2098:suggests that the citation of 927:is messianically interpreted. 693:In Jewish translations of the 669:Isaiah 9:6,7 (Masoretic 9:5,6) 1: 3933:"Analysis of Zechariah 12:10" 3859:"Analysis of Zechariah 12:10" 3778:Matthew: a shorter commentary 3413:, London, Penguin, 2006, p22. 2218:The Historical Jesus. Part I. 1383:translations render this as " 1312:Sayings of Jesus on the cross 961:and is mentioned previously. 436:Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld 4559:. Rowman & Littlefield. 4431:. Harvest House Publishers. 3732:George Livingstone Robinson 3358:, (Eerdmans, 2007), page 53. 2384:Harrell, Charles R. (2011). 1637:Book of Wisdom § Themes 1437:Ray Pritchard has described 1399:(dig through, penetrate) as 26:to support the claim of the 4725:Clarifying Christianity.com 4388:, Mercer University Press, 4362:. Oxford University Press. 4339:. Oxford University Press. 3504:Disciples Study Bible (NIV) 3395:The Stories of Jesus' Birth 3382:The Stories of Jesus' Birth 3035:. Oxford University Press. 2981:. The Zondervan Corporation 2900:Hertz, J. H., ed. (1960) . 1039:This verse near the end of 4826: 4640:Kessinger Publishing 2006 4532:Sweeney, Marvin A (1996). 4336:New Oxford Annotated Bible 4312:Childs, Brevard S (2001). 4291:Miller, Robert J. (2015). 3061:www.jewishencyclopedia.com 2539:The Virgin Birth of Christ 2346:Rydelnik, Michael (2010). 2308:Rydelnik, Michael (2010). 2075:has been used in biblical 1928: 1704:and his ways are strange. 1634: 1501: 1309: 1171: 1022: 857: 672: 388: 267:was divided in two reigns 174:abomination that desolates 139: 4446:Kimball, Charles (1994). 4247:Barker, Margaret (2001). 4226:Adams, Samuel V. (2015). 3776:Allison, Dale C. (2004). 3622:– via Google Books. 3560:chapter 3 Crossway Books 3141:Scherman, Nosson (1998). 3108:Scherman, Nosson (1998). 3045:– via Google Books. 3001:Scherman, Nosson (1998). 1407:being a variation of the 1000:Massacre of the Innocents 265:united monarchy of Israel 142:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks 4810:Prophecy in Christianity 4608:Nelson Reference Guides 4354:Ehrman, Bart D. (1999). 4069:Donald E. Gowan (1998). 3884:"Zechariah - Chapter 12" 3369:The Birth of the Messiah 2788:www.simpletoremember.com 2703:kingjamesbibleonline.org 2165:Shiloh (biblical figure) 2130:Christianity and Judaism 2106:is a "stock example" of 1070:The verse describes the 775:into the people of God. 4408:Dictionary of the Bible 3429:, Penguin, 1993, p. 85. 2150:Judaism's view of Jesus 1129:(Writings) and not the 626:, He came and dwelt in 539:Isaiah 8:22–9:1 (9:1–2) 474:might be the mother of 4780:George Bethune English 4612:Nelson Reference 2001 4488:Moyise, Steve (2011). 4467:Law, David R. (2012). 4411:, William B Eerdmans, 4232:. InterVarsity Press. 3984:The Apocalypse of John 3632:Herbert W. Bateman IV 3578:The Heart of the Cross 3356:The One who is to Come 2683:Old Testament Prophets 2461:Yu Chui Siang Lau 2010 2160:Muhammad and the Bible 2093: 2061: 2029: 2017: 1914: 1905: 1868: 1798: 1777: 1753: 1647:Deuterocanonical books 1623:as quoted by Jesus in 1605: 1588: 1512: 1480: 1464: 1435: 1377:Hebrew verse numbering 1346: 1320: 1296: 1269:The interpretation of 1267: 1192:Epistle to the Hebrews 1188: 1037: 989: 949:, as referring to the 905: 876: 833: 800: 756: 738: 691: 648:messianic applications 642:The interpretation of 640: 566:was at hand, and that 556: 518: 454: 438: 423: 398: 289: 275:(999–931 BCE), son of 243: 211: 178:Antiochus IV Epiphanes 158: 3580:pg 13 Crossway Books 3318:Jeremiah 31:16–17, 23 3215:Messiah: The Criteria 3161:, the righteous King 3079:, Eisenbrauns, 2005, 2645:(3). JSTOR: 429–449. 2279:. HarperOne. p. 2145:Jesus in Christianity 2125:Biblical hermeneutics 1967:by rewriting it in a 1387:", starting with the 433: 271:the death of his son 256:(v. 16) and over the 100:An example of one is 4795:Christian messianism 4664:Baker Academic 2008. 4425:Rhodes, Ron (2009). 4380:Farmer, Ron (1991), 3678:. November 16, 2011. 3354:Joseph A. Fitzmyer, 3298:. Rabbi Tovia Singer 2862:Frydland, Rachmiel. 1514:"A royal psalm (see 1322:Two of the Gospels ( 1049:Babylonian captivity 957:, is a theme in the 230:Ezekiel 37:24, 25–27 62:Historical criticism 4703:WhatJewsBelieve.org 4693:OutreachJudaism.org 4179:of Sacred Scripture 2537:J. Gresham Machen, 2071:, the Latin phrase 2067:and popularised by 1627:as also messianic. 1025:Census of Quirinius 913:deported to Babylon 579:Syro-Ephraimite War 127:), meaning virgin. 4686:2011-07-16 at the 4622:Charles A. Briggs 4297:. Wipf and Stock. 4276:. Baker Academic. 3689:Augustine of Hippo 3612:. New City Press. 3483:2012-10-07 at the 3476:Mark H. Heinemann 3464:2012-10-07 at the 3439:Augustine of Hippo 3367:Raymond E. Brown, 3198:2016-05-13 at the 3095:J. M. Powis Smith 2826:44/1 (March 2001). 2800:David A. DeSilva, 2439:, pp. 236–39. 2427:, pp. 570–71. 2239:Jesus, Interrupted 2155:Messiah in Judaism 1878:Messiah Ben Joseph 1613:1 Chronicles 17:13 1592:Augustine of Hippo 1555:to the concept of 936:Philip the Apostle 812:1 Corinthians 3:16 562:'s plunder of the 460:, addressing king 439: 348:1 Corinthians 6:19 333:1 Corinthians 3:16 240:Ezekiel 37:24, KJV 4681:Ask Rabbi Simmons 4418:978-90-5356-503-2 4395:978-0-86554-373-7 4109:978-1-4185-4869-8 4082:978-0-664-25689-0 4055:978-90-5356-503-2 4021:978-1-57383-006-5 3994:978-1-57910-609-6 3962:Blue Letter Bible 3833:Richard H. Hiers 3638:Bibliotheca Sacra 3344:1 Samuel 16.18–23 3085:978-1-57506-108-5 2814:John H. Sailhamer 2544:Edward J. Young, 2522:978-1-60608-552-3 2359:978-1-4336-7297-2 2321:978-1-4336-7297-2 2290:978-0-06-207863-6 2250:978-0-06-186327-1 1999: 1998: 1991: 1953:This article may 1663:Oriental Orthodox 1643:Wisdom of Solomon 1552:Pope Benedict XVI 1452:another scripture 1391:which translated 1375:(verse 17 in the 1055:mentioned in the 909:suffering servant 816:Ephesians 2:20–22 484:Gospel of Matthew 337:Ephesians 2:20–22 193:Deuteronomy 18:15 58:biblical scholars 34:was the promised 18:The books of the 4817: 4650:Aaron Kligerman 4594:Herbert Lockyer 4591: 4570: 4549: 4528: 4505: 4484: 4463: 4442: 4421: 4398: 4382:"Messiah/Christ" 4376: 4361: 4350: 4329: 4308: 4287: 4266: 4243: 4212: 4211: 4188: 4182: 4171:Raymond E. Brown 4168: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4152:on 14 April 1997 4148:. 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Muss-Arnolt 3327: 3323: 3316: 3312: 3301: 3299: 3290:Singer, Tovia. 3289: 3288: 3284: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3255: 3251: 3240: 3236: 3224: 3220: 3209: 3205: 3200:Wayback Machine 3189: 3185: 3180: 3173: 3166: 3153: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3120: 3107: 3106: 3102: 3094: 3090: 3072: 3068: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3043: 3028: 3027: 3020: 3013: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2984: 2982: 2973: 2972: 2965: 2957: 2953: 2945: 2941: 2937:, p. 1007. 2933: 2929: 2914: 2899: 2898: 2885: 2877: 2870: 2861: 2857: 2849: 2845: 2837: 2830: 2812: 2808: 2799: 2795: 2782: 2781: 2777: 2771:ESV Study Bible 2769: 2760: 2750: 2748: 2733: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2679: 2678: 2674: 2651:10.2307/3267901 2636: 2635: 2631: 2624: 2609: 2608: 2604: 2597: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2565: 2563: 2561:themoorings.org 2554: 2534: 2530: 2523: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2495: 2491: 2483: 2479: 2471: 2467: 2459: 2455: 2447: 2443: 2435: 2431: 2423: 2419: 2411: 2407: 2393: 2391: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2291: 2270: 2269: 2262: 2251: 2235: 2234: 2225: 2214:Ehrman, Bart D. 2212: 2205: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2175:Supersessionism 2116: 2016: 2011: 1995: 1984: 1978: 1975: 1965:help improve it 1962: 1949: 1945: 1938: 1933: 1927: 1904: 1899: 1871:Zechariah 12:10 1867: 1864:Zechariah 12:10 1862: 1854: 1852:Zechariah 12:10 1838:2 Samuel 16:1–4 1797: 1792: 1788:DONKEY'S COLT." 1776: 1771: 1763: 1758: 1752: 1747: 1639: 1633: 1600: 1587: 1582: 1557:Christ the King 1506: 1500: 1479: 1476: 1469: 1463: 1458: 1434: 1429: 1422: 1389:Coverdale Bible 1345: 1342: 1314: 1308: 1295: 1292: 1266: 1263: 1255: 1196:Saint Augustine 1187: 1184: 1176: 1170: 1123: 1103: 1099:Herod the Great 1027: 1021: 1004:Herod the Great 988: 982: 967: 921:books of Samuel 917:aggadic midrash 904: 883: 875: 869: 862: 856: 828: 799: 794: 784:Isaiah 11:10,12 767:when he quotes 755: 750: 743: 737: 732: 699:verse numbering 690: 684: 677: 671: 639: 636:Matthew 4:12–16 634: 555: 549: 541: 513: 446: 428: 422: 419:Matthew 2:13–15 417: 393: 387: 258:Tribe of Joseph 242: 239: 232: 195: 157: 152: 144: 138: 133: 75: 12: 11: 5: 4823: 4821: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4787: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4749: 4738: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4711: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4671: 4670:External links 4668: 4666: 4665: 4655: 4648: 4634: 4620: 4606: 4592: 4586: 4571: 4565: 4550: 4544: 4529: 4523: 4506: 4500: 4485: 4479: 4464: 4458: 4452:. Bloomsbury. 4443: 4437: 4422: 4417: 4399: 4394: 4377: 4368: 4351: 4345: 4330: 4324: 4309: 4303: 4288: 4282: 4267: 4261: 4244: 4238: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4206: 4183: 4177:Sensus Plenior 4163: 4132: 4115: 4108: 4088: 4081: 4061: 4054: 4034: 4020: 4000: 3993: 3973: 3949: 3924: 3899: 3888:www.chabad.org 3875: 3850: 3841: 3826: 3817: 3803: 3783: 3768: 3749: 3740: 3725: 3711: 3700: 3691:, p. 263. 3681: 3667: 3646: 3625: 3618: 3598: 3589: 3569: 3556:Ray Pritchard 3549: 3524: 3515: 3506: 3497: 3488: 3469: 3450: 3441:, p. 270. 3431: 3415: 3402: 3386: 3373: 3360: 3347: 3336: 3321: 3310: 3282: 3273: 3264: 3249: 3234: 3226:Farzana Hassan 3218: 3203: 3183: 3171: 3151: 3133: 3118: 3100: 3088: 3066: 3048: 3041: 3018: 3011: 2993: 2963: 2961:, p. 161. 2951: 2939: 2935:Saldarini 2001 2927: 2912: 2883: 2881:, p. 490. 2868: 2855: 2843: 2841:, p. 988. 2828: 2806: 2793: 2775: 2758: 2732:978-3161488764 2731: 2712: 2690: 2672: 2629: 2622: 2602: 2595: 2575: 2573: 2572: 2549: 2542: 2528: 2521: 2501: 2489: 2477: 2465: 2463:, p. 159. 2453: 2441: 2429: 2417: 2405: 2376: 2358: 2338: 2334:indefensible." 2320: 2300: 2289: 2260: 2249: 2223: 2203: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2120:Bible prophecy 2115: 2112: 2108:sensus plenior 2096:John Goldingay 2084:sensus plenior 2082:Brown defines 2073:sensus plenior 2050:argues in his 2009: 1997: 1996: 1952: 1950: 1943: 1937: 1934: 1929:Main article: 1926: 1923: 1897: 1860: 1853: 1850: 1790: 1769: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1749:Wisdom 2:12–20 1745: 1645:is one of the 1632: 1631:Wisdom 2:12–20 1629: 1599: 1596: 1580: 1529:Divine Council 1502:Main article: 1499: 1496: 1474: 1468: 1465: 1456: 1427: 1421: 1418: 1381:Modern English 1340: 1307: 1304: 1290: 1261: 1254: 1251: 1218:Pontius Pilate 1182: 1172:Main article: 1169: 1166: 1122: 1119: 1057:Gospel of John 1020: 1017: 984:Jeremiah 31:15 980: 966: 965:Jeremiah 31:15 963: 940:Book of Isaiah 915:. However, in 881: 867: 858:Main article: 855: 852: 827: 824: 792: 748: 742: 739: 730: 714: 713: 710: 682: 673:Main article: 670: 667: 659:Masoretic text 632: 568:Nebuchadnezzar 547: 540: 537: 512: 509: 489:Masoretic Text 445: 440: 427: 424: 415: 389:Main article: 386: 383: 366:Kingdom of God 358: 357: 351: 344: 329: 322: 270: 254:House of Judah 237: 231: 228: 198:Deuteronomy 18 194: 191: 154:Daniel 9:24–27 150: 140:Main article: 137: 136:Daniel 9:24–27 134: 132: 129: 121:Masoretic Text 83:Gospel of Mark 74: 71: 40:Book of Isaiah 36:Jewish Messiah 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4822: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4805:Old Testament 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4781: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4743: 4742: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4716: 4715: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4685: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4677: 4676: 4669: 4663: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4649: 4647: 4646:1-4254-8411-5 4643: 4639: 4636:Edward Riehm 4635: 4633: 4632:1-59752-292-9 4629: 4625: 4621: 4619: 4618:0-7852-4754-8 4615: 4611: 4607: 4605: 4604:0-310-28091-5 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4587:9780802833181 4583: 4579: 4578: 4572: 4568: 4566:9780742570696 4562: 4558: 4557: 4551: 4547: 4545:9780802841001 4541: 4537: 4536: 4530: 4526: 4524:9780802837110 4520: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4503: 4501:9781441237491 4497: 4493: 4492: 4486: 4482: 4480:9780567400123 4476: 4472: 4471: 4465: 4461: 4459:9780567319081 4455: 4451: 4450: 4444: 4440: 4438:9780736931366 4434: 4430: 4429: 4423: 4420: 4414: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4400: 4397: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4378: 4375: 4371: 4369:9780199839438 4365: 4360: 4359: 4352: 4348: 4346:9780195288803 4342: 4338: 4337: 4331: 4327: 4325:9780664221430 4321: 4317: 4316: 4310: 4306: 4304:9781498228961 4300: 4296: 4295: 4289: 4285: 4283:9780801026935 4279: 4275: 4274: 4268: 4264: 4262:9780802837110 4258: 4254: 4250: 4245: 4241: 4239:9780830899500 4235: 4231: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4218: 4209: 4207:9781894667180 4203: 4199: 4198: 4193: 4187: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4167: 4164: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4136: 4133: 4128: 4124: 4119: 4116: 4111: 4105: 4101: 4100: 4092: 4089: 4084: 4078: 4074: 4073: 4065: 4062: 4057: 4051: 4047: 4046: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4029: 4023: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4004: 4001: 3996: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3977: 3974: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3950: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3925: 3914: 3910: 3903: 3900: 3889: 3885: 3879: 3876: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3838: 3830: 3827: 3821: 3818: 3806: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3787: 3784: 3779: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3765:John 12:14–15 3762: 3761:Luke 19:30–35 3758: 3753: 3750: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3737: 3729: 3726: 3721: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3708:2 Samuel 7:14 3704: 3701: 3696: 3690: 3685: 3682: 3677: 3671: 3668: 3663: 3662:w2.vatican.va 3659: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3626: 3621: 3619:9781565481978 3615: 3611: 3610: 3602: 3599: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3586:1-58134-678-6 3583: 3579: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3566:1-58134-016-8 3563: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3539:on 2014-02-02 3538: 3534: 3528: 3525: 3519: 3516: 3510: 3507: 3501: 3498: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3482: 3479: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3460: 3454: 3451: 3446: 3440: 3435: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3423:E. P. Sanders 3419: 3416: 3412: 3409:Geza Vermes, 3406: 3403: 3400: 3396: 3390: 3387: 3383: 3377: 3374: 3370: 3364: 3361: 3357: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3333: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3314: 3311: 3297: 3293: 3286: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3238: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3212: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3194: 3187: 3184: 3178: 3176: 3172: 3164: 3160: 3154: 3148: 3144: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3111: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3070: 3067: 3062: 3058: 3052: 3049: 3044: 3042:9780195297751 3038: 3034: 3033: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3008: 3004: 2997: 2994: 2980: 2979:Bible Gateway 2976: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2955: 2952: 2948: 2943: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2913:0-900689-21-8 2909: 2905: 2904: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2875: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2859: 2856: 2853:, p. 66. 2852: 2847: 2844: 2840: 2835: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2794: 2789: 2785: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2751:September 16, 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2724: 2723: 2716: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2694: 2691: 2686: 2684: 2676: 2673: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2633: 2630: 2625: 2623:9780664256753 2619: 2615: 2614: 2606: 2603: 2598: 2596:9780227679395 2592: 2588: 2587: 2579: 2576: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2524: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2505: 2502: 2499:, p. 48. 2498: 2493: 2490: 2487:, p. 33. 2486: 2481: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2454: 2451:, p. 14. 2450: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2406: 2402: 2389: 2388: 2380: 2377: 2373: 2361: 2355: 2351: 2350: 2342: 2339: 2335: 2323: 2317: 2313: 2312: 2304: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2276: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2246: 2242: 2240: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2199:Blomberg 2007 2195: 2192: 2185: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2060: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2022: 2014: 2008: 2003: 1993: 1990: 1982: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1960: 1958: 1951: 1942: 1941: 1935: 1932: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1913: 1908: 1902: 1901:John 19:32–37 1896: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1885: 1879: 1874: 1872: 1865: 1859: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1841: 1839: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1795: 1794:John 12:13–15 1789: 1784: 1782: 1781:Zechariah 9:9 1774: 1773:Zechariah 9:9 1768: 1761:Zechariah 9:9 1760: 1755: 1750: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1638: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1598:2 Samuel 7:14 1597: 1595: 1593: 1590:According to 1585: 1579: 1577: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1560: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1511: 1505: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1484:Matthew 27:34 1473: 1466: 1461: 1460:John 19:32–37 1455: 1453: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1432: 1426: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1343:Matthew 27:46 1339: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1324:Matthew 27:46 1319: 1313: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1293:Acts 2: 24–32 1289: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1264:Psalm 16:7–11 1260: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1208: 1207:the righteous 1203: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1181: 1175: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1157: 1155: 1154:2 Samuel 1:14 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1111: 1109: 1108:Matthew 2:4–6 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1036: 1034: 1026: 1018: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 985: 979: 977: 973: 964: 962: 960: 959:Servant songs 956: 952: 951:Jewish people 948: 943: 941: 937: 933: 928: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 902:'s commentary 901: 897: 894: 893:Judaica Press 890: 886: 880: 872: 866: 861: 853: 851: 849: 845: 841: 837: 832: 825: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 797: 791: 787: 785: 781: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 753: 747: 740: 735: 729: 724: 721: 719: 711: 707: 706: 705: 702: 700: 696: 687: 681: 676: 668: 666: 664: 660: 656: 651: 649: 645: 637: 631: 629: 625: 619: 617: 613: 609: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 588:According to 586: 582: 580: 575: 573: 569: 565: 561: 552: 546: 538: 536: 534: 530: 526: 522: 517: 510: 508: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 485: 480: 477: 473: 469: 468: 463: 459: 453: 452: 444: 441: 437: 432: 425: 420: 414: 409: 407: 403: 397: 392: 384: 382: 378: 376: 375:New Jerusalem 373:of Jesus as " 372: 371:Second Coming 367: 363: 362:Messianic Age 356: 352: 349: 345: 342: 338: 334: 330: 327: 323: 320: 316: 315: 314: 312: 307: 305: 302: 298: 294: 288: 283: 280: 278: 274: 268: 266: 261: 259: 255: 251: 247: 246:Ezekiel 37:24 236: 229: 227: 225: 221: 217: 210: 208: 201: 199: 192: 190: 188: 184: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 155: 149: 143: 135: 130: 128: 126: 122: 118: 114: 109: 107: 103: 98: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 72: 70: 66: 63: 59: 55: 54:Old Testament 51: 47: 43: 41: 37: 33: 29: 25: 21: 20:New Testament 16: 4740: 4739: 4713: 4712: 4674: 4673: 4661: 4651: 4637: 4623: 4609: 4595: 4580:. Eerdmans. 4576: 4555: 4538:. Eerdmans. 4534: 4517:. Eerdmans. 4514: 4490: 4469: 4448: 4427: 4407: 4403:Juel, Donald 4385: 4373: 4357: 4335: 4314: 4293: 4272: 4255:. Eerdmans. 4252: 4228: 4219:Bibliography 4196: 4186: 4178: 4174: 4166: 4154:. Retrieved 4150:the original 4145: 4135: 4126: 4118: 4098: 4091: 4071: 4064: 4044: 4037: 4027: 4025: 4010: 4003: 3983: 3976: 3965:. Retrieved 3961: 3952: 3941:. Retrieved 3939:. 2008-06-18 3936: 3927: 3916:. Retrieved 3912: 3902: 3891:. Retrieved 3887: 3878: 3867:. Retrieved 3865:. 2008-06-18 3862: 3853: 3844: 3836: 3829: 3820: 3808:. Retrieved 3793: 3786: 3777: 3771: 3752: 3743: 3735: 3728: 3714: 3703: 3684: 3670: 3661: 3641: 3636: 3634:'Psalm 110'. 3628: 3608: 3601: 3592: 3577: 3572: 3557: 3552: 3541:. Retrieved 3537:the original 3527: 3518: 3509: 3500: 3491: 3472: 3453: 3434: 3426: 3418: 3410: 3405: 3399:John 7:26–27 3394: 3389: 3381: 3376: 3368: 3363: 3355: 3350: 3339: 3331: 3324: 3313: 3300:. Retrieved 3295: 3285: 3276: 3267: 3259: 3252: 3244: 3241:George Dahl 3237: 3229: 3221: 3206: 3186: 3142: 3136: 3123: 3109: 3103: 3091: 3075: 3069: 3060: 3051: 3031: 3002: 2996: 2983:. Retrieved 2978: 2959:Sweeney 1996 2954: 2942: 2930: 2902: 2863: 2858: 2846: 2821: 2809: 2801: 2796: 2787: 2778: 2749:. Retrieved 2721: 2715: 2702: 2693: 2682: 2675: 2642: 2638: 2632: 2612: 2605: 2585: 2578: 2564:. Retrieved 2560: 2551: 2545: 2538: 2531: 2511: 2504: 2497:Kimball 1994 2492: 2480: 2468: 2456: 2444: 2432: 2420: 2408: 2399: 2392:. Retrieved 2386: 2379: 2370: 2363:. Retrieved 2348: 2341: 2332: 2325:. Retrieved 2310: 2303: 2294: 2274: 2254: 2237: 2217: 2194: 2170:New Covenant 2107: 2104:Matthew 1:23 2094: 2089: 2083: 2081: 2062: 2057: 2051: 2048:Farrell Till 2044: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2018: 2013:Matthew 2:14 2005: 2000: 1985: 1976: 1968: 1957:undue weight 1954: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1893: 1889: 1882: 1875: 1869: 1856: 1842: 1806: 1799: 1786: 1778: 1765: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1640: 1606: 1602: 1589: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1564:Acts 2:29–35 1561: 1549: 1541:Isaiah 2:1–4 1537:Joshua 10:24 1524: 1520: 1513: 1508: 1481: 1471: 1448: 1436: 1431:Psalms 34:20 1424: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1366: 1347: 1337: 1321: 1316: 1297: 1286: 1282: 1278:hermeneutics 1268: 1257: 1240: 1231: 1226: 1211: 1204: 1189: 1185:Psalm 2: 1–9 1178: 1160: 1158: 1149: 1141: 1137: 1135: 1133:(Prophets). 1124: 1116: 1112: 1096: 1069: 1038: 1029: 1015: 1008: 992:Matthew 2:17 990: 969: 946: 944: 932:Book of Acts 929: 906: 878: 864: 844:Psalm 118:22 840:Isaiah 28:16 834: 830: 826:Isaiah 28:16 801: 789: 777: 769:Isaiah 11:10 765:Romans 15:12 757: 752:Isaiah 11:12 745: 741:Isaiah 11:12 726: 722: 715: 703: 695:Hebrew Bible 692: 679: 652: 644:Isaiah 9:1–2 641: 622:And leaving 621: 618:in Galilee: 610: 587: 583: 576: 570:'s spoil of 557: 543: 533:Isaiah 28:16 529:Psalm 118:22 519: 515: 504: 500: 496: 492: 481: 471: 465: 455: 448: 411: 399: 395: 379: 359: 326:John 2:19–21 308: 296: 292: 290: 285: 281: 262: 244: 234: 220:Acts 3:18–22 212: 203: 196: 176:" refers to 159: 146: 124: 112: 110: 99: 93:, and 14 in 76: 67: 44: 17: 15: 4756:Jim Lippard 4473:. A&C. 4123:Miller 2015 3810:12 December 3757:Mark 11:1–7 3644:(Oct. 1992) 2947:Rhodes 2009 2879:Barker 2001 2851:Childs 2001 2839:Coogan 2007 2566:26 December 2485:Moyise 2011 2425:Farmer 1991 2413:Miller 2015 2100:Isaiah 7:14 2091:revelation. 1884:Yetzer hara 1821:parallelism 1809:Palm Sunday 1671:Protestants 1608:Hebrews 1:5 1477:Psalm 69:21 1405:durchgraben 1397:durchgraben 1373:Psalm 22:16 1275:evangelical 1228:Hebrews 1:5 885:Isaiah 53:5 871:Isaiah 53:5 854:Isaiah 53:5 848:Isaiah 8:14 842:along with 836:1 Peter 2:8 577:During the 560:Sennacherib 553: (9:1) 527:along with 525:Isaiah 8:14 521:1 Peter 2:8 511:Isaiah 8:14 491:, the word 443:Isaiah 7:14 341:1 Peter 2:5 311:1 Kings 5–8 216:tabernacles 183:crucifixion 77:The Hebrew 4789:Categories 4698:Drazin.com 3967:2020-11-30 3943:2020-11-30 3918:2020-11-30 3893:2020-11-29 3869:2020-11-29 3804:1592442722 3543:2012-09-17 3152:1578191092 3119:1578191092 3012:1578191092 2741:1029105262 2186:References 2036:Maimonides 2021:Hosea 11:1 1635:See also: 1625:John 13:18 1533:Psalm 45:7 1525:right hand 1492:John 19:29 1488:Mark 15:23 1443:John 19:36 1409:Septuagint 1358:John 19:30 1354:Psalm 31:5 1350:Luke 23:46 1328:Mark 15:34 1310:See also: 1243:Psalm 2:12 1222:Acts 13:33 1136:The words 1082:. 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Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

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