690:
564:
322:
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404:
649:. As development of the olfactory pathway progresses, more axons innervate the olfactory bulb, which develops from the rostral-most region of telencephalon. The organization and subsequent processing of odorant information is possible due to the convergence of olfactory sensory neuron axons expressing the same odorant receptors onto the same
29:
41:
284:
can be divided on the basis of their cellular and histological features into two populations: the horizontal basal cells, which are slowly dividing reserve cells that express p63; and globose basal cells, which are a heterogeneous population of cells consisting of reserve cells, amplifying progenitor
260:
and microvillar cells. The sustentacular cells function as metabolic and physical support for the olfactory epithelium. Microvillar cells are another class of supporting cells that are morphologically and biochemically distinct from the sustentacular cells, and arise from a basal cell population that
500:
Similar to the other embryonic placodes, the olfactory placode gives rise to both neural and non-neural structures, ultimately resulting in the formation of the nasal epithelium. The specification of neural versus non-neural tissue involves signals both within the olfactory placode, and between the
661:
The olfactory epithelium can be damaged by inhalation of toxic fumes, physical injury to the interior of the nose, and possibly by the use of some nasal sprays. Because of its regenerative capacity, damage to the olfactory epithelium can be temporary but in extreme cases, injury can be permanent,
277:
of the olfactory epithelium, basal cells are stem cells capable of division and differentiation into either supporting or olfactory cells. While some of these basal cells divide rapidly, a significant proportion remain relatively quiescent and replenish olfactory epithelial cells as needed. This
313:. These glands deliver a proteinaceous secretion via ducts onto the surface of the mucosa. The role of the secretions are to trap and dissolve odiferous substances for the bipolar neurons. Constant flow from the olfactory glands allows old odors to be constantly washed away.
509:
that initially induced placode formation, collectively coordinate the patterning of olfactory placode tissue into the future distinct cell types that make up the olfactory epithelium. The cell types derived from the olfactory placode include:
256:, the supporting cells are non-neural cells in the olfactory epithelium that are located in the apical layer of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. There are two types of supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium:
567:
Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) express odorant receptors. The axons of OSNs expressing the same odorant receptors converge onto the same glomerulus at the olfactory bulb, allowing for the organization of olfactory
1755:
Katoh, Hiroyuki; Shibata, Shinsuke; Fukuda, Kimiko; Sato, Momoka; Satoh, Etsuko; Nagoshi, Narihito; Minematsu, Takeo; Matsuzaki, Yumi; Akazawa, Chihiro; Toyama, Yoshiaki; Nakamura, Masaya; Okano, Hideyuki (2011).
497:, and others, within the presumptive olfactory placode are crucial for sub-regionalization within the future olfactory epithelium and is responsible for the diversity of cells that compose the future epithelium.
158:. In humans, it measures 5 cm (0.78 sq in) and lies on the roof of the nasal cavity about 7 cm (2.8 in) above and behind the nostrils. The olfactory epithelium is the part of the
730:
Gizurarson, S. (2012). Anatomical and
Histological Factors Affecting Intranasal Drug and Vaccine Delivery. Current Drug Delivery, 9(6), 566–582. doi:10.2174/156720112803529828 10.2174/156720112803529828
2139:
711:
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Embryonic morphogen signaling on olfactory placode and neural crest cells contributes to formation of neurogenic and non-neurogenic tissue of the olfactory epithelium.
220:, which extend out into the airspace to interact with odorants. Odorant receptors bind odorants in the airspace, which are made soluble by the serous secretions from
782:
2132:
689:
118:
1822:
1597:
Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J.; Fitzpatrick, David; Katz, Lawrence C.; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; McNamara, James O.; Williams, S. Mark (2001-01-01).
907:
Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J.; Fitzpatrick, David; Katz, Lawrence C.; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; McNamara, James O.; Williams, S. Mark (2001-01-01).
677:
2125:
943:
Schwob, James E.; Jang, Woochan; Holbrook, Eric H.; Lin, Brian; Herrick, Daniel B.; Peterson, Jesse N.; Hewitt
Coleman, Julie (2017-03-01).
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392:
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Goss, Garrett M.; Chaudhari, Nirupa; Hare, Joshua M.; Nwojo, Raphael; Seidler, Barbara; Saur, Dieter; Goldstein, Bradley J. (2016-03-01).
563:
1692:
Nishizumi, Hirofumi; Sakano, Hitoshi (2015-06-01). "Developmental regulation of neural map formation in the mouse olfactory system".
1195:
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Embryonic origin of the olfactory sensory system: fate map, lineage analysis and specification of the avian olfactory placode
113:
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2006:
330:
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Moran, David T.; Rowley Jc, 3rd; Jafek, BW; Lovell, MA (1982), "The fine structure of the olfactory mucosa in man",
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233:
1319:"RA and FGF signalling are required in the zebrafish otic vesicle to pattern and maintain ventral otic identities"
2485:
1890:
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515:
372:
360:
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852:"Differentiation potential of individual olfactory c-Kit+ progenitors determined via multicolor lineage tracing"
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1940:
614:
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224:
located in the lamina propria of the mucosa. The axons of the olfactory sensory neurons congregate to form the
101:
355:
The embryonic olfactory epithelium consists of fewer cell types than in the adult, including apical and basal
1085:
Treloar, Helen B.; Miller, Alexandra M.; Ray, Arundhati; Greer, Charles A. (2010-01-01). Menini, Anna (ed.).
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is a microvilli-bearing columnar cell with its basal surface in contact with afferent nerve endings of the
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Maier, Esther C.; Saxena, Ankur; Alsina, Berta; Bronner, Marianne E.; Whitfield, Tanya T. (2014-05-01).
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and aids in the development of the odorant map. The differentiated olfactory sensory neurons extend
621:. Once the olfactory sensory neurons differentiate, they express odorant receptors, which transduce
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the olfactory bulb. In order for olfactory sensory neurons to function properly, they must express
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363:. Early embryonic neurogenesis relies mostly on the apical cells, while later stage embryonic
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2010:
1985:
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1635:"Odorant receptors signaling instructs the development and plasticity of the glomerular map"
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225:
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945:"Stem and progenitor cells of the mammalian olfactory epithelium: Taking poietic license"
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results from the proper development and interaction of the two components of the primary
461:
tissue. The specification of the olfactory placode tissue involves signaling of multiple
1566:
1533:
1532:
Ravi, Namasivayam; Sanchez-Guardado, Luis; Lois, Carlos; Kelsch, Wolfgang (2017-03-01).
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1534:"Determination of the connectivity of newborn neurons in mammalian olfactory circuits"
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Whitlock, Kathleen E. (2004-01-01). "A new model for olfactory placode development".
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The cells of the olfactory epithelium, including olfactory sensory neurons, begin to
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A schematic drawing of the components of the embryonic olfactory epithelium. ORN =
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799:, 5th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2006. page 615-616.
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1758:"The dual origin of the peripheral olfactory system: placode and neural crest"
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1277:
1091:. Frontiers in Neuroscience. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis.
840:, 5th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2006. page 616.
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Tubuloalveolar serous secreting glands lying in the lamina propria of the
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445:. In mice, the olfactory placode derives from an anterior portion of the
415:
453:. Development of the olfactory placode requires the presence underlying
131:
1705:
1394:
1378:"Competence, specification and commitment to an olfactory placode fate"
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411:
1430:"Sensational placodes: neurogenesis in the otic and olfactory systems"
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and secondary neurogenesis in adults relies on basal stem cells. The
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449:, ~9-9.5 days into development and not long after the closure of the
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Specialised epithelial tissue in the nasal cavity that detects odours
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391:. At the end of the embryonic stage, the epithelium develops into a
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28:
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leads to the olfactory epithelium being replaced every 6–8 weeks.
262:
84:
1180:
Transcriptional regulation of cranial sensory placode development
683:
Composition of the
Olfactory receptor neuron (captions in German)
348:, whose contributions have been identified more recently through
301:(CN V) and is specialized for transduction of general sensation.
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588:
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494:
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486:
478:
433:, part of the Six family of transcription factors that regulate
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163:
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Neural crest and placode contributions to olfactory development
1376:
Bhattacharyya, Sujata; Bronner-Fraser, Marianne (2008-12-01).
610:
in addition to projecting their axons to the olfactory bulb.
429:. Early cranial sensory placodes are marked by expression of
336:
The olfactory epithelium derives from two structures during
174:
Olfactory epithelium consists of four distinct cell types:
505:
compartment. Continued signaling by BMP, FGF, and RA, the
208:
are sensory neurons of the olfactory epithelium. They are
909:"The Olfactory Epithelium and Olfactory Receptor Neurons"
551:
However, there is significant evidence for an additional
1800:
1178:
Moody, Sally A.; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel (2015-01-01).
528:
Non-neuronal: basal cells, olfactory supporting cells,
344:, which was long believed to be its sole origin; and
1487:"Developmental biology of olfactory sensory neurons"
1317:
Maier, Esther C.; Whitfield, Tanya T. (2014-12-01).
1262:"Neural crest and olfactory system: new prospective"
212:
and their apical poles express odorant receptors on
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List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
481:. The resulting regulated downstream expression of
232:, they terminate and synapse with the dendrites of
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100:
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83:
71:
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418:located in the developmental region of the future
441:forms as two thickenings of non-neural region of
387:form a "migratory mass" that travels towards the
555:-origin for many of these cell types as well.
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8:
1260:Forni, Paolo E.; Wray, Susan (2012-10-01).
781:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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1011:Suzuki, Jun; Osumi, Noriko (2015-01-01).
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33:Section of the olfactory mucous membrane.
625:information from the environment to the
228:(CN I). Once the axons pass through the
1599:"The Transduction of Olfactory Signals"
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385:gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons
285:cells, and immediate precursor cells.
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501:olfactory placode and the underlying
414:are transient, focal aggregations of
7:
2277:Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
1538:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
583:. The olfactory epithelium contains
559:Olfactory sensory neuron development
393:pseudostratified columnar epithelium
1182:. Vol. 111. pp. 301–350.
1015:. Vol. 111. pp. 351–374.
579:: the olfactory epithelium and the
395:and begins secondary neurogenesis.
375:, along with a mixed population of
162:directly responsible for detecting
14:
1633:Valle-Leija, Pablo (2015-01-01).
949:Journal of Comparative Neurology
688:
676:
617:soon after the induction of the
2257:Stratified columnar epithelium
2250:Stratified cuboidal epithelium
2243:Stratified squamous epithelium
465:, beginning with signals from
1:
1485:Farbman, A. I. (1994-02-01).
1122:Brain, Behavior and Evolution
1088:The Neurobiology of Olfaction
1336:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004858
1446:10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.01.023
1188:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2014.11.009
1021:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2014.11.010
838:Histology: A Text and Atlas
797:Histology: A Text and Atlas
637:released by the underlying
467:bone morphogenetic proteins
381:olfactory ensheathing cells
305:Olfactory (Bowman's) glands
2507:
2223:Simple columnar epithelium
2216:Simple cuboidal epithelium
2197:Simple squamous epithelium
2077:Anterior olfactory nucleus
1694:Developmental Neurobiology
856:Developmental Neurobiology
331:olfactory ensheathing cell
206:olfactory receptor neurons
197:
45:Plan of olfactory neurons.
1938:
1550:10.1007/s00018-016-2367-y
1278:10.1007/s12035-012-8286-5
585:olfactory sensory neurons
516:olfactory sensory neurons
373:olfactory sensory neurons
361:olfactory sensory neurons
327:olfactory receptor neuron
200:Olfactory receptor neuron
194:Olfactory sensory neurons
179:Olfactory sensory neurons
124:
38:
26:
1941:Primary olfactory cortex
1491:Seminars in Cell Biology
742:Journal of Neurocytology
695:olfactory epithelium pig
522:-secreting neurons, and
475:fibroblast growth factor
2291:Transitional epithelium
2051:Medial forebrain bundle
1949:Lateral olfactory stria
1932:areas involved in smell
653:at the olfactory bulb.
304:
273:Resting on or near the
2282:Respiratory epithelium
2107:Evolution of olfaction
2069:Medial olfactory stria
1775:10.1186/1756-6606-4-34
1614:Cite journal requires
1503:10.1006/scel.1994.1002
1266:Molecular Neurobiology
924:Cite journal requires
627:central nervous system
569:
408:
359:, as well as immature
333:
265:cell surface protein.
126:Anatomical terminology
1991:Periamygdaloid cortex
1979:Hippocampal formation
1969:EC-hippocampus system
1601:. Sinauer Associates.
1434:Developmental Biology
911:. Sinauer Associates.
657:Clinical significance
606:that extend from the
600:transduction proteins
566:
483:transcription factors
406:
379:, including immature
338:embryonic development
324:
477:(FGF), specifically
435:preplacodal ectoderm
252:Analogous to neural
154:that is involved in
144:olfactory epithelium
22:Olfactory epithelium
2491:Otorhinolaryngology
1652:10.1155/2015/975367
641:, as well as other
437:specification. The
425:, and give rise to
258:sustentacular cells
216:at the ends of the
2423:Myoepithelial cell
1886:Olfactory receptor
1863:Sustentacular cell
1706:10.1002/dneu.22268
1395:10.1242/dev.026633
868:10.1002/dneu.22310
754:10.1007/BF01153516
645:released from the
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443:embryonic ectoderm
409:
346:neural crest cells
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150:tissue inside the
107:H3.11.07.0.01001
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1974:Entorhinal cortex
1920:Olfactory trigone
1639:Neural Plasticity
1388:(24): 4165–4177.
1134:10.1159/000079742
961:10.1002/cne.24105
670:Additional images
643:chemotrophic cues
619:olfactory placode
596:odorant receptors
577:olfactory pathway
542:submucosal glands
439:olfactory placode
399:Olfactory placode
342:olfactory placode
146:is a specialized
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62:Olfactory placode
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2011:Habenular nuclei
2007:Stria medullaris
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631:pioneering axons
604:non-motile cilia
371:of the immature
357:progenitor cells
311:olfactory mucosa
299:trigeminal nerve
248:Supporting cells
230:cribriform plate
222:olfactory glands
214:non-motile cilia
183:Supporting cells
160:olfactory system
132:edit on Wikidata
78:Olfactory system
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210:bipolar neurons
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1994:
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1988:
1983:
1982:
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1976:
1966:
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1945:
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1933:
1926:
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1917:
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1911:
1910:
1905:
1898:Olfactory bulb
1895:
1894:
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1882:
1880:
1874:
1873:
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1860:
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1741:External links
1739:
1736:
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1700:(6): 594–607.
1684:
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1616:|journal=
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608:dendritic knob
581:olfactory bulb
560:
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524:ganglion cells
427:sensory organs
400:
397:
389:olfactory bulb
318:
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290:
287:
270:
267:
261:expresses the
249:
246:
242:olfactory bulb
218:dendritic knob
198:Main article:
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2450:Intercalated
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2403:Mucous glands
2401:
2399:
2398:Serous glands
2396:
2395:
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2377:Tubular gland
2375:
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647:telencephalon
644:
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471:retinoic acid
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463:gene networks
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20:
2440:Intralobular
2055:Hypothalamus
2035:Hypothalamus
1908:mitral cells
1845:
1839:Microanatomy
1765:
1761:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1607:cite journal
1592:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1440:(1): 50–67.
1437:
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952:
948:
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917:cite journal
902:
859:
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837:
817:. Retrieved
813:
804:
796:
791:
745:
741:
735:
726:
660:
612:
571:
568:information.
553:neural crest
550:
499:
455:neural crest
451:neural plate
410:
365:neurogenesis
354:
350:fate mapping
335:
308:
292:
280:
275:basal lamina
272:
251:
234:mitral cells
217:
203:
173:
152:nasal cavity
143:
141:
66:neural crest
2207:Mesothelium
2202:Endothelium
1868:Tufted cell
1497:(1): 3–10.
1382:Development
662:leading to
546:brush cells
503:mesenchymal
459:mesenchymal
447:neural tube
317:Development
289:Brush cells
282:Basal cells
269:Basal cells
254:glial cells
189:Brush cells
186:Basal cells
96:Identifiers
2480:Categories
2416:Components
2296:Urothelium
2236:stratified
2149:Epithelial
1846:Epithelium
1645:: 975367.
836:Ross, MH,
795:Ross, MH,
718:References
707:Phantosmia
651:glomerulus
639:mesenchyme
507:morphogens
485:, such as
473:(RA), and
420:vertebrate
295:brush cell
148:epithelial
2445:Striated
2391:Secretion
2359:Meibomian
2354:Sebaceous
2349:Holocrine
2332:Merocrine
2325:Mechanism
2169:Cuboidal
2164:Squamous
1903:glomeruli
1768:(1): 34.
1714:1932-846X
1661:1687-5443
1558:1420-9071
1511:1043-4682
1454:1095-564X
1404:0950-1991
1345:1553-7404
1286:1559-1182
1242:ignored (
1232:cite book
1206:1557-8933
1142:0006-8977
1065:ignored (
1055:cite book
1039:1557-8933
969:1096-9861
876:1932-846X
592:innervate
573:Olfaction
457:-derived
352:studies.
238:glomeruli
170:Structure
57:Precursor
2344:Apocrine
2174:Columnar
2027:Amygdala
1794:21943152
1730:24497222
1722:25649346
1679:25688305
1584:36297243
1576:27695873
1567:11107630
1472:24508480
1412:19029046
1363:25473832
1304:22773137
1224:25662264
1158:46531167
1150:15353905
1107:21882426
1047:25662265
987:27560601
894:26016700
777:citation
770:25263022
701:See also
587:, whose
530:ciliated
514:Neural:
416:ectoderm
412:Placodes
329:, OEC =
2337:Eccrine
2090:General
1785:3215936
1670:4320882
1519:8186394
1463:3988839
1354:4256275
1295:3586243
1215:4425424
978:5805156
885:4662645
819:28 July
762:7143026
664:anosmia
623:odorant
532:cells,
469:(BMP),
240:of the
236:in the
51:Details
2457:Acinus
2311:Glands
2190:Simple
2151:tissue
1891:neuron
1856:mucosa
1851:glands
1792:
1782:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1677:
1667:
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760:
544:, and
340:: the
73:System
2435:Ducts
2370:Shape
2318:Types
2270:Other
2183:Types
2157:Cells
1930:Brain
1832:Smell
1726:S2CID
1580:S2CID
1154:S2CID
766:S2CID
589:axons
369:axons
263:c-KIT
164:odors
156:smell
130:[
119:64803
85:Nerve
2461:Lobe
2097:Odor
1790:PMID
1749:and
1718:PMID
1710:ISSN
1675:PMID
1657:ISSN
1643:2015
1620:help
1572:PMID
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1515:PMID
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1468:PMID
1450:ISSN
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1244:help
1220:PMID
1202:ISSN
1192:ISBN
1146:PMID
1138:ISSN
1103:PMID
1093:ISBN
1067:help
1043:PMID
1035:ISSN
1025:ISBN
983:PMID
965:ISSN
930:help
890:PMID
872:ISSN
821:2019
783:link
758:PMID
520:LHRH
495:Sox2
491:Dlx3
487:Pax6
479:FGF8
431:Six1
423:head
383:and
204:The
142:The
64:and
1780:PMC
1770:doi
1702:doi
1665:PMC
1647:doi
1562:PMC
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1499:doi
1458:PMC
1442:doi
1438:389
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1331:doi
1290:PMC
1274:doi
1210:PMC
1184:doi
1130:doi
1017:doi
973:PMC
957:doi
953:525
880:PMC
864:doi
750:doi
602:on
114:FMA
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