696:
272:
264:
40:
1922:
710:[In the original 1819 Paris version, Cassander is the murderer of Alexander and after his victory, "Statira stabs herself on stage and, together with Olympia, she is called to the Lord by the spirit of Alexander, who emerges from his grave (in Voltaire's drama, Olympia is married to Antigonus and throws herself into the blazing pyre in a confession of her love for Cassander)."
636:
1946:
678:
are in love. In reality, Aménais is
Alexander the Great's daughter, Olimpie, in disguise. Statira, Alexander's widow and Olimpie's mother, has also assumed the guise of the priestess Arzane. She denounces the proposed marriage between "Aménais" and Cassandre, accusing the latter of Alexander's murder.
254:
were said to have told him of his early death during his last battle. Alexander would die after drinking a poisonous mixture served to him by his valet Iolus upon his return." It is not surprising, that
Voltaire and Spontini's librettists Dieulafoy and Brifaut also assume that Alexander was murdered.
677:
Antigone, King of a part of Asia, and
Cassandre, King of Macedon, have been implicated in Alexander's murder. They have also been at war with one another but are now ready to be reconciled. Nevertheless, a new obstacle to peace arises in the form of the slave girl Aménais, with whom both the kings
245:
It wasn't long after the death of
Alexander that people began to glorify and mythologize his life. By the 3rd century it was believed by many that he was a mortal who had been selected by the gods to perform his heroic deeds. Although it is now thought that Alexander died from a fever, for many
706:
Olimpie is divided between her love for
Cassandre and her duty to her mother. The troops of Cassandre and Antigone clash and Antigone is mortally wounded. Before dying he confesses he was responsible for the death of Alexander, not Cassandre. Cassandre and Olimpie are now free to marry.
686:
Statira and
Olimpie reveal their true identities to one another and to Cassandre. Olimpie defends Cassandre against Statira's accusations, claiming that he once saved her life. Statira is unconvinced and is still intent on revenge with the help of Antigone and his army.
386:
replaced his father Louis in the role of
Cassandre, and an aria composed by Weber was also included. Even in its fully revised form, the opera failed to hold the stage. Audiences found its libretto too old-fashioned, and it could not compete with the operas of
910:, p. 967. Pitou reports that the premiere performance earned 7,836 francs, 40 centimes, but receipts dropped steadily for each of the subsequent performances. At the seventh performance, only 2,135 francs, 90 centimes, were collected at the box office.
310:." The Parisian premiere received mixed reviews, and Spontini withdrew it after the seventh performance (on 12 January 1820), so he could revise the finale with a happy rather than tragic ending.
1707:
695:
1131:, p. 183, says that the role of Statira was sung by "Mme Quiney (soprano)" and that of Olimpie by "Caroline Branchu (soprano)", however, the review of the performance in the
271:
255:
Cassander's father
Antipater was often designated as the leader of a poisoning plot, and Cassander himself was well known for his hostility to the memory of Alexander.
222:, were among the rivals competing for parts of the empire. Antigonus was one of Alexander's generals, while Cassander was the son of another of Alexander's generals,
1458:
263:
1381:
1360:
1339:
1996:
1794:
173:
107:
2001:
1925:
1767:
1971:
1310:
According to the CD booklet, the performance was recorded on 31 May and 2 June 2016 and used the 1826 revised version of the score in French.
806:
1110:, states that, although 20 December appears on the printed libretto, it is erroneous, and the premier actually took place on 22 December.
1981:
1812:
1638:
1577:
1518:
1492:
1433:
1410:
294:
in 1815. It was his third major, 3-act work for the Paris Opera. In it, he "combined the psychologically exact character-drawing of
1691:, 1825 instrumental parts (some missing) from the Opera Archive of Dresden at RISM (RĂ©pertoire International des Sources Musicales)
1986:
1787:
1442:
363:). The finale of the Berlin version included spectacular effects, in which Cassandre rode in on a live elephant. Thus, like
1502:
1936:
1038:
gives the date of the premiere as 27 February, which is also the date printed on the 1826 libretto. The review in the
991:(second edition), Lanham, Maryland, Scarecrow Press, 2004, page (not numbered): "Keyed Brass Chronology"; Adam Carse,
761:
546:
1631:
Les
Cancans de l'Opéra. Chroniques de l'Académie Royale de Musique et du théâtre, à Paris sous les deux restorations
1150:
Autograph letter from
Spontini to Valentino (Paris, 1 March 1826), thanking Valentino for conducting the orchestra (
306:
and wrote a work stripped of spectacular effects. In its grandiose conception, it appears the musical equivalent of
1867:
1851:
1662:
1312:
1780:
532:
307:
219:
234:
shortly after his death, but in Voltaire's play and Spontini's opera, she survives incognito, as a priestess of
795:
1570:
The Paris Opéra: An Encyclopedia of Operas, Ballets, Composers, and Performers. Growth and Grandeur, 1815–1914
330:
39:
250:', which first appeared at that time, obscured the true explanation of his death: "the speaking trees of the
1827:
1761:
1907:
1715:
1506:
1464:
378:
Spontini revised the opera a second time, retaining the happy ending for its revival by the Opéra at the
1875:
1752:
1612:
394:
The opera was given in Italian in concert form in Rome on 12 December 1885 and revived more recently in
318:
150:
1158:, p. 619 states that Valentino conducted the premiere of the original version, possibly an error.
1133:
1040:
1532:", translated by Roger Clément. Booklet included with the Orfeo recording conducted by Gerd Albrecht.
1966:
1167:
1120:
1067:
1047:
states the performance took place on "Monday evening" . The Tuesday date, 28 February 1826, given by
838:
470:
338:
329:
provided the German translation of the libretto. This version was first staged on 14 May 1821 at the
276:
211:
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1843:
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1549:
1471:
1258:
658:
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191:
1835:
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242:. The title character Olimpie, daughter of Statira and Alexander, is likely entirely fictional.
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Priests, vice ministers, initiates, sorcerers, priestesses, royal officers, soldiers, people,
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379:
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247:
1403:
Josephine's Composer: The Life Times and Works of Gaspare Pacifico Luigi Spontini (1774-1851)
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1976:
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489:
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134:
56:
31:
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1991:
810:
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443:
383:
146:
61:
1138:
1151:
1141:), reports: "Mlle Cinti a chanté avec plus de goût que d'expressiou le rôle d'Olympie."
1883:
1859:
1597:
1420:
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333:, where it was a success. After 78 performances in Berlin, it was given productions in
302:
281:
199:
1960:
1654:
1607:
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1428:
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does not specify whether Valentino conducted the 1819 premiere or the 1826 revision.
828:
802:
520:
235:
1950:
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832:
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203:
1596:
Biographie universelle des musiciens et Bibliographie générale de la musique par
1044:
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296:
317:
in Berlin, where it was conducted by Spontini, who had been invited there by
505:
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350:
223:
215:
214:. Two of the historical characters in Voltaire's play and Spontini's opera,
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86:
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in Milan in 1966 (for which a sound recording is available), and at the
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1487:(third, revised ed.). Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield.
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644:
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509:
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346:
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1945:
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high priest, who presides over the celebration of the Great Mysteries
342:
231:
1772:
1102:)." Everett gives the date of the premier as 20 December 1819, but
816:
694:
634:
515:
270:
262:
130:
27:
1672:, French piano-vocal score (Paris, Brandus & Dufour, c. 1861)
835:, Mathias Vidal, Josef Wagner, Philippe Souvage, Patrick Bolleire
359:
calls for huge orchestral forces (including the first use of the
176:. When sung in Italian or German, it is usually given the title
1776:
699:
A young Éphésienne scattering flowers in act 3, lithograph by
726:(Olimpie, Statira, Cassandre, Antigone, Hermas, Hiérofante)
1622:
https://books.google.com/books?id=alk5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA119
1552:
conducted by Molinari-Pradelli. Portland, Oregon: Allegro.
190:
The story takes place in the aftermath of the death of
1045:"Académie Royale de Musique", 3 March 1826, Vendredi)"
1934:
1602:. Vol. 2. Paris: Firmin-Didot. pp. 597–598.
168:
was first performed on 22 December 1819 by the Paris
1819:
92:
78:
70:
49:
21:
1659:, French piano-vocal score (Paris, Erard, c. 1826)
1478:. Vol. 2 . Paris: Librairie des Bibliophiles.
313:The first revised version was given in German as
1753:Voltaire's play, published in French in 1763 as
1744:Voltaire's play, published in French in 1763 as
1610:(1922). "Heinrich Heine's Musical Feuilletons".
246:centuries it was believed he was murdered. The '
230:was supposedly killed by Alexander's first wife
1633:(2 volumes) (in French). Paris: CNRS Editions.
1572:. New York: Greenwood Press. pp. 963–967.
1063:
1061:
773:(Recorded live on 6 June 1966, sung in Italian)
1513:. New York: Penguin Putnam. pp. 869–871.
1152:BnF catalogue général – Notice bibliographique
1098:, p. 138 ("the resident conductor of the
267:Autograph ms of the first page of the overture
1788:
286:of the décor for act 1 of the 1819 production
8:
956:
954:
952:
1550:Allegro CD of the 1966 La Scala performance
1476:Bibliothèque musicale du Théâtre de l'Opéra
1031:
1029:
922:, p. 7 (in German), 10–11 (in English)
1795:
1781:
1773:
1528:MĂĽller, Christa (1984). "Spontini and his
1457:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
971:
969:
960:
873:
871:
869:
657:Time: 308 BC, 15 years after the death of
194:, who left a vast empire, stretching from
38:
18:
1900:Nurmahal, oder Das Rosenfest von Kaschmir
1768:International Music Score Library Project
1437:. Vol. 3. London. pp. 664–665.
1124:
1091:
1079:
1052:
1020:
931:
892:
890:
888:
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430:Premiere cast, 22 December 1819
799:, Josef Becker, George Fortune
717:
413:
1941:
1239:. www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk
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1405:. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse.
1259:"On-line catalogue entry Opera d'Oro"
907:
337:(12 November 1825, with additions by
300:with the massive choral style of his
210:fought for control of the empire and
7:
1279:Revised version of 1826, in French (
807:Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra
259:The work and its performance history
1392:. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia
1371:. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia
1350:. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia
371:, the work prefigures later French
14:
1997:Operas based on works by Voltaire
1434:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
416:Roles, voice types, premiere cast
2002:Frederick William III of Prussia
1944:
1921:
1920:
1592:"Valentino (Henri-Justin-Joseph"
995:, New York, Dover, 1964, p. 239.
1972:Works set in the 4th century BC
1712:, 1821 German libretto (Berlin)
1505:(2001). "Gaspare Spontini". In
1290:"On-line catalogue entry ORFEO"
1738:, 1885 Italian libretto (Rome)
572:Louis-Bartholomé-Pascal Bonel
569:Louis-Bartholomé-Pascal Bonel
1:
1548:". Booklet included with the
1261:. Allegro Music / Opera d'Oro
1629:Tamvaco, Jean-Louis (2000).
993:The History of Orchestration
1511:The New Penguin Opera Guide
1483:Loewenberg, Alfred (1978).
1206:, p. 1286: (full name)
1194:, p. 1303: (full name)
1182:, p. 1233: (full name)
670:The square in front of the
2018:
1982:Operas by Gaspare Spontini
1868:Julie, ou Le pot de fleurs
1852:Le metamorfosi di Pasquale
1663:Harvard University Library
1620:. New York: G. Schirmer: [
1600:. Supplément et complément
1380:Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).
1359:Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).
1338:Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).
1119:The cast list is from the
793:, Franco Tagliavini,
751:, Franco Tagliavini,
440:27 February 1826
97:22 December 1819
1918:
1810:
1485:Annals of Opera 1597–1940
978:, p. 12 (unnumbered)
880:, p. 11 (unnumbered)
612:
308:neoclassical architecture
290:Spontini began composing
37:
26:
16:Opera by Gaspare Spontini
1467:(subscription required).
1401:Everett, Andrew (2013).
796:Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau
755:, Silvio Maionica,
1828:Li puntigli delle donne
608:Charles-Louis Pouilley
605:Charles-Louis Pouilley
438:Second revised version,
325:General Musikdirector.
143:Armand-Michel Dieulafoy
57:Armand-Michel Dieulafoy
1987:French-language operas
1908:Agnes von Hohenstaufen
1725:, 1826 French libretto
1716:Bavarian State Library
1699:, 1819 French libretto
1564:Pitou, Spire (1990). "
1544:Parker, Bill (2003). "
987:Ralph Thomas Dudgeon,
791:Stefania Toczyska
749:Fiorenza Cossotto
703:
647:
551:Henri-Étienne Dérivis
537:king of a part of Asia
434:Rodolphe Kreutzer
287:
268:
208:His surviving generals
1613:The Musical Quarterly
1166:, p. 183, gives
698:
638:
547:Henri-Étienne Dérivis
382:on 27 February 1826.
331:Königliches Opernhaus
319:Frederick William III
274:
266:
226:. Alexander's widow,
151:play of the same name
1216:1819 libretto, p. 56
811:RIAS Kammerchor
771:Orchestra and Chorus
757:Nicola Zaccaria
471:Laure Cinti-Damoreau
444:Henri Valentino
353:(26 December 1858).
339:Carl Maria von Weber
1844:La fuga in maschera
1758:at Internet Archive
1740:at Internet Archive
1465:Oxford Music Online
1055:, may be incorrect.
659:Alexander the Great
639:Scale model of the
579:Cassandre's officer
454:Alexander the Great
418:
192:Alexander the Great
1836:Teseo riconosciuto
1313:"Presto Classical"
1139:3 March 1826, p. 4
1134:Journal des débats
1041:Journal des débats
753:Giangiacomo Guelfi
731:Orchestra, Chorus
704:
701:Godefroy Engelmann
648:
598:Antigone's officer
591:Hyacinthe Trévaux
482:widow of Alexander
414:
406:Festival in 1979.
288:
269:
149:, is based on the
1932:
1931:
1472:Lajarte, Théodore
1390:28 February 1826"
1348:22 December 1819"
1170:as the conductor.
1168:François Habeneck
852:
851:
820:Cat: C 137 862 H
764:Molinari-Pradelli
736:Catalogue number
628:
627:
494:Caroline Branchu
380:Salle Le Peletier
327:E. T. A. Hoffmann
248:Alexander Romance
133:in three acts by
116:
115:
2009:
1949:
1948:
1940:
1924:
1923:
1804:Gaspare Spontini
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1790:
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1774:
1766:: Scores at the
1676:Internet Archive
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490:Caroline Branchu
466:Augustine Albert
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174:Salle Montansier
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135:Gaspare Spontini
108:Salle Montansier
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32:Gaspare Spontini
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1749:at Google Books
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776:CD: Opera d'Oro
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672:Temple of Diana
667:
641:Temple of Diana
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526:Adolphe Nourrit
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384:Adolphe Nourrit
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277:Ignazio Degotti
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147:Charles Brifaut
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62:Charles Brifaut
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1813:List of operas
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1237:) discography"
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1125:Casaglia 2005c
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1092:Casaglia 2005a
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1080:Casaglia 2005c
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1023:, p. 871.
1021:Macdonald 2001
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369:Fernand Cortez
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303:Fernand Cortez
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123:(also spelled
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1640:9782271056856
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1579:9780313262180
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1520:0-140-29312-4
1516:
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1507:Amanda Holden
1504:
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1494:9780874718515
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1418:
1414:
1412:9781477234143
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1121:1826 libretto
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1073:
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1068:1826 libretto
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984:
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928:
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854:
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837:
834:
830:
829:Karina Gauvin
827:
824:
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814:
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803:Gerd Albrecht
801:
797:
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766:
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728:
723:
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697:
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664:
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521:Louis Nourrit
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212:divided it up
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185:
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137:. The French
136:
132:
128:
127:
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109:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
69:
63:
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55:
54:
52:
48:
41:
36:
33:
29:
25:
20:
1906:
1898:
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1882:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1762:
1754:
1745:
1735:
1722:
1709:
1703:Google Books
1696:
1688:
1669:
1656:
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1611:
1595:
1569:
1565:
1545:
1529:
1510:
1484:
1475:
1432:
1424:
1402:
1394:(in Italian)
1383:
1373:(in Italian)
1369:14 May 1821"
1362:
1352:(in Italian)
1341:
1331:
1330:
1317:. Retrieved
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1275:
1263:. Retrieved
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1234:
1230:
1223:
1211:
1204:Tamvaco 2000
1199:
1192:Tamvaco 2000
1187:
1180:Tamvaco 2000
1175:
1164:Everett 2013
1156:Tamvaco 2000
1146:
1132:
1129:Everett 2013
1115:
1104:Lajarte 1878
1099:
1096:Everett 2013
1087:
1075:
1049:Gerhard 1992
1039:
1036:Everett 2013
1016:
1005:Sonneck 1922
1000:
992:
988:
983:
963:, column 666
939:
927:
915:
903:
897:Gerhard 1992
859:
858:
848:Cat: BZ1035
833:Kate Aldrich
787:Júlia Várady
709:
705:
685:
676:
669:
668:
623:, navigators
614:
597:
578:
561:
536:
503:
481:
452:daughter of
451:
398:in 1930, at
393:
377:
368:
364:
356:
355:
314:
312:
301:
295:
291:
289:
244:
204:Indian Ocean
189:
178:
177:
165:
125:
124:
119:
118:
117:
82:
44:The composer
1967:1819 operas
1734:Spontini's
1721:Spontini's
1708:Spontini's
1695:Spontini's
1687:Spontini's
1668:Spontini's
1655:Spontini's
1598:F.-J. FĂ©tis
1160:Pougin 1880
976:MĂĽller 1984
944:Parker 2003
920:MĂĽller 1984
878:MĂĽller 1984
456:and Statira
442:Conductor:
432:Conductor:
373:Grand Opera
280: [
154: [
1961:Categories
1876:La vestale
1444:0333734327
1315:. Bru Zane
1106:, p.
1007:, p.
908:Pitou 1990
855:References
762:Francesco
714:Recordings
617:Bacchantes
558:Hiérofante
508:, King of
426:Voice type
365:La vestale
361:ophicleide
297:La vestale
275:Sketch by
186:Background
101:1819-12-22
50:Librettist
1685:270002047
1558:315554990
1453:cite book
1423:(1992). "
1296:2 October
1285:856341732
1265:2 October
1243:2 October
729:Conductor
587:(no role)
506:Antipater
500:Cassandre
450:Olimpie,
351:Darmstadt
224:Antipater
220:Antigonus
216:Cassander
196:Macedonia
1926:Category
1624:119–159.
1590:(1880).
1538:18396752
1474:(1878).
845:Bru Zane
769:La Scala
631:Synopsis
613:Chorus:
596:Hermas,
577:Arbate,
533:Antigone
486:soprano
400:La Scala
396:Florence
323:Prussian
198:through
164:(1761).
162:Voltaire
139:libretto
129:) is an
93:Premiere
87:Voltaire
79:Based on
71:Language
1977:Ephesus
1892:Olimpie
1763:Olimpie
1755:Olympie
1746:Olimpie
1736:Olimpia
1729:Gallica
1723:Olimpie
1714:at the
1710:Olimpia
1697:Olimpie
1689:Olimpie
1670:Olympie
1657:Olimpie
1566:Olympie
1546:Olimpia
1530:Olympie
1509:(ed.).
1463:. Also
1431:(ed.).
1425:Olimpie
1384:Olimpie
1363:Olympia
1342:Olympie
1332:Sources
1319:3 March
1292:. ORFEO
1235:Olimpia
1231:Olimpie
653:Ephesus
651:Place:
645:Ephesus
621:Amazons
510:Macedon
504:son of
478:Statira
461:soprano
404:Perugia
389:Rossini
357:Olimpie
347:Cologne
335:Dresden
315:Olimpia
292:Olimpie
252:Amazons
240:Ephesus
228:Statira
202:to the
179:Olimpia
172:at the
166:Olimpie
126:Olympie
120:Olimpie
110:, Paris
99: (
83:Olimpie
22:Olimpie
1992:Operas
1937:Portal
1911:(1829)
1903:(1822)
1895:(1819)
1887:(1809)
1879:(1807)
1871:(1805)
1863:(1804)
1860:Milton
1855:(1802)
1847:(1800)
1839:(1798)
1831:(1796)
1820:Operas
1683:
1637:
1576:
1556:
1536:
1517:
1491:
1441:
1427:". In
1409:
1388:
1367:
1346:
1283:
583:tenor
349:, and
343:Kassel
232:Roxana
200:Persia
74:French
1951:Opera
1100:Opéra
860:Notes
817:ORFEO
734:Label
721:Year
691:Act 3
682:Act 2
665:Act 1
602:bass
566:bass
516:tenor
422:Role
410:Roles
284:]
236:Diana
170:Opéra
158:]
141:, by
131:opera
28:Opera
1681:RISM
1635:ISBN
1574:ISBN
1554:OCLC
1534:OCLC
1515:ISBN
1489:ISBN
1459:link
1439:ISBN
1407:ISBN
1321:2019
1298:2010
1281:OCLC
1267:2010
1245:2010
1123:and
1094:and
1051:and
843:CD:
825:2016
815:CD:
783:1984
741:1966
724:Cast
542:bass
367:and
218:and
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1137:(
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1011:.
946:.
934:.
103:)
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