241:
139:
77:
36:
711:
1121:
778:
608:
is an example of a combined ontology language and ontology that is description logic based. It distinguishes between the semantic differences among others of:
787:
336:
156:
49:
1114:
1055:
302:
284:
262:
222:
120:
63:
445:
203:
506:
175:
1045:
494:
332:
160:
87:
182:
1107:
1035:
951:
865:
764:
654:
411:
771:
1407:
1402:
1268:
931:
908:
860:
518:
1161:
189:
1078:
888:
992:
482:
255:
249:
102:
171:
1166:
1022:
671:
320:
149:
98:
1073:
1030:
1007:
987:
893:
547:
266:
55:
740:
1371:
1151:
956:
837:
822:
812:
598:
530:
488:
1301:
1242:
1204:
1199:
1146:
1088:
1068:
898:
807:
348:
17:
1381:
1214:
1130:
870:
791:
593:
454:
1376:
1291:
1156:
977:
417:
196:
1366:
1331:
1319:
1296:
1283:
1260:
1083:
1040:
1012:
903:
802:
686:
676:
631:
581:
573:
360:
356:
1324:
880:
827:
817:
316:
1311:
1227:
1222:
1184:
1063:
832:
681:
466:
433:
328:
756:
651:(First-order logic extended with types, arithmetic, aggregates and inductive definitions)
408:(First-order logic extended with types, arithmetic, aggregates and inductive definitions)
577:
352:
344:
340:
1396:
847:
666:
1232:
1138:
638:
382:
753:
by Enrico
Franconi, Faculty of Computer Science, Free University of Bolzano, Italy
1250:
1176:
913:
477:
138:
747:
1189:
500:
347:
that support the processing of that knowledge. Ontology languages are usually
1343:
1194:
622:
It also contains constructs to express queries and communicative intent.
1336:
997:
941:
691:
605:
399:
1099:
972:
648:
588:
554:
425:
405:
723:
105:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1002:
982:
946:
855:
393:
1348:
936:
643:
559:
441:
388:
1103:
760:
470:
234:
132:
70:
29:
618:
relation types for relations between individuals and classes
612:
relation types for relations between concepts (classes)
396:(Developing Ontology-Grounded Methods and Applications)
94:
1359:
1310:
1282:
1259:
1241:
1213:
1175:
1137:
1054:
1021:
965:
922:
879:
846:
163:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
630:Several ontology languages support expressions in
712:Attempto Controlled English as ontology language
615:relation types for relations between individuals
438:OCML (Operational Conceptual Modelling Language)
469:scheme to encode knowledge, most commonly with
580:, without going so far as to take the leap to
1115:
772:
741:A Roadmap to Ontology Specification Languages
8:
546:Three languages are completely or partially
27:Formal language used to construct ontologies
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1122:
1108:
1100:
779:
765:
757:
303:Learn how and when to remove this message
285:Learn how and when to remove this message
223:Learn how and when to remove this message
121:Learn how and when to remove this message
537:Classification by structure (logic type)
248:This article includes a list of general
703:
351:, are almost always generalizations of
584:and support for arbitrary predicates.
377:Traditional syntax ontology languages
7:
738:Oscar Corcho, Asuncion Gomez-Perez,
367:Classification of ontology languages
161:adding citations to reliable sources
18:Ontology language (computer science)
355:, and are commonly based on either
749:Introduction to Description Logics
254:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
525:Open vocabulary natural languages
45:This article has multiple issues.
714:." REWERSE Annual Meeting. 2006.
446:Open Knowledge Base Connectivity
239:
137:
75:
34:
414:(Knowledge Interchange Format)
148:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
634:and allow general predicates.
495:Resource Description Framework
1:
1036:Constraint logic programming
952:Knowledge Interchange Format
909:Procedural reasoning systems
866:Expert systems for mortgages
861:Connectionist expert systems
513:Controlled natural languages
1269:Ontology (computer science)
932:Attempto Controlled English
519:Attempto Controlled English
101:the claims made and adding
1424:
1162:Intuitionistic type theory
724:www.executable-english.com
1079:Preference-based planning
798:
576:provides an extension of
461:Markup ontology languages
788:Knowledge representation
483:Ontology Inference Layer
372:Classification by syntax
1167:Constructive set theory
1023:Constraint satisfaction
672:Formal concept analysis
626:First-order logic-based
569:Description logic-based
430:KM programming language
321:artificial intelligence
269:more precise citations.
1074:Partial-order planning
1031:Constraint programming
465:These languages use a
1152:Constructive analysis
957:Web Ontology Language
899:Deductive classifiers
838:Knowledge engineering
823:Model-based reasoning
813:Commonsense reasoning
489:Web Ontology Language
349:declarative languages
337:encoding of knowledge
1205:Fuzzy set operations
1200:Fuzzy finite element
1147:Intuitionistic logic
1089:State space planning
1069:Multi-agent planning
871:Legal expert systems
808:Case-based reasoning
451:PLIB (Parts LIBrary)
157:improve this article
1382:Non-monotonic logic
1131:Non-classical logic
172:"Ontology language"
1408:Modeling languages
1403:Ontology languages
1377:Intermediate logic
1157:Heyting arithmetic
1056:Automated planning
924:Ontology languages
894:Constraint solvers
531:Executable English
385:- and its dialects
343:and often include
331:used to construct
325:ontology languages
86:possibly contains
1390:
1389:
1372:Inquisitive logic
1367:Dynamic semantics
1320:Three-state logic
1274:Ontology language
1097:
1096:
1084:Reactive planning
1041:Local consistency
881:Reasoning systems
828:Inference engines
803:Backward chaining
687:Modeling language
677:Galois connection
632:first-order logic
582:first-order logic
574:Description logic
361:description logic
357:first-order logic
335:. They allow the
313:
312:
305:
295:
294:
287:
233:
232:
225:
207:
131:
130:
123:
88:original research
68:
16:(Redirected from
1415:
1325:Tri-state buffer
1124:
1117:
1110:
1101:
833:Proof assistants
818:Forward chaining
781:
774:
767:
758:
726:
721:
715:
708:
329:formal languages
317:computer science
308:
301:
290:
283:
279:
276:
270:
265:this article by
256:inline citations
243:
242:
235:
228:
221:
217:
214:
208:
206:
165:
141:
133:
126:
119:
115:
112:
106:
103:inline citations
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1355:
1306:
1278:
1255:
1237:
1228:Relevance logic
1223:Structural rule
1209:
1185:Degree of truth
1171:
1133:
1128:
1098:
1093:
1064:Motion planning
1050:
1017:
966:Theorem provers
961:
918:
889:Theorem provers
875:
842:
794:
785:
735:
730:
729:
722:
718:
710:Kuhn, Tobias. "
709:
705:
700:
682:Lattice (order)
663:
628:
578:frame languages
571:
544:
539:
527:
515:
463:
434:LOOM (ontology)
379:
374:
369:
353:frame languages
345:reasoning rules
339:about specific
309:
298:
297:
296:
291:
280:
274:
271:
261:Please help to
260:
244:
240:
229:
218:
212:
209:
166:
164:
154:
142:
127:
116:
110:
107:
92:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1421:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1243:Paraconsistent
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1139:Intuitionistic
1135:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
969:
967:
963:
962:
960:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
928:
926:
920:
919:
917:
916:
911:
906:
904:Logic programs
901:
896:
891:
885:
883:
877:
876:
874:
873:
868:
863:
858:
852:
850:
848:Expert systems
844:
843:
841:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
799:
796:
795:
786:
784:
783:
776:
769:
761:
755:
754:
745:
734:
731:
728:
727:
716:
702:
701:
699:
696:
695:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
662:
659:
658:
657:
652:
646:
641:
627:
624:
620:
619:
616:
613:
603:
602:
596:
591:
570:
567:
566:
565:
562:
557:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
533:
526:
523:
522:
521:
514:
511:
510:
509:
504:
498:
492:
486:
480:
462:
459:
458:
457:
452:
449:
439:
436:
431:
428:
423:
422:
421:
409:
403:
397:
391:
386:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
311:
310:
293:
292:
247:
245:
238:
231:
230:
145:
143:
136:
129:
128:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1420:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1312:Digital logic
1309:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1215:Substructural
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
968:
964:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
929:
927:
925:
921:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
884:
882:
878:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
851:
849:
845:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
797:
793:
789:
782:
777:
775:
770:
768:
763:
762:
759:
752:
750:
746:
743:
742:
737:
736:
732:
725:
720:
717:
713:
707:
704:
697:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
667:Domain theory
665:
664:
660:
656:
653:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
635:
633:
625:
623:
617:
614:
611:
610:
609:
607:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
585:
583:
579:
575:
568:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
551:
549:
541:
536:
532:
529:
528:
524:
520:
517:
516:
512:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
474:
472:
468:
460:
456:
453:
450:
447:
443:
440:
437:
435:
432:
429:
427:
424:
419:
416:
415:
413:
410:
407:
404:
402:(Frame Logic)
401:
398:
395:
392:
390:
387:
384:
381:
380:
376:
371:
366:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
307:
304:
289:
286:
278:
268:
264:
258:
257:
251:
246:
237:
236:
227:
224:
216:
205:
202:
198:
195:
191:
188:
184:
181:
177:
174: –
173:
169:
168:Find sources:
162:
158:
152:
151:
146:This article
144:
140:
135:
134:
125:
122:
114:
104:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1292:Three-valued
1273:
1233:Linear logic
923:
914:Rule engines
748:
739:
719:
706:
639:Common Logic
629:
621:
604:
572:
545:
464:
420:based on KIF
383:Common Logic
324:
314:
299:
281:
272:
253:
219:
210:
200:
193:
186:
179:
167:
155:Please help
150:verification
147:
117:
108:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
1332:Four-valued
1302:Łukasiewicz
1297:Four-valued
1284:Many-valued
1261:Description
1251:Dialetheism
1046:SMT solvers
751:– DL course
550:languages.
548:frame-based
542:Frame-based
267:introducing
1397:Categories
1190:Fuzzy rule
733:References
501:RDF Schema
418:Ontolingua
333:ontologies
250:references
183:newspapers
95:improve it
50:improve it
1344:IEEE 1164
1195:Fuzzy set
792:reasoning
111:July 2014
99:verifying
56:talk page
661:See also
478:DAML+OIL
275:May 2017
213:May 2017
1337:Verilog
998:Prover9
993:Paradox
942:F-logic
692:OntoUML
606:Gellish
555:F-Logic
400:F-Logic
341:domains
263:improve
197:scholar
93:Please
1360:Others
973:CARINE
744:(2000)
649:FO-dot
589:KL-ONE
503:(RDFS)
467:markup
426:KL-ONE
406:FO-dot
359:or on
252:, but
199:
192:
185:
178:
170:
1177:Fuzzy
1003:SPASS
988:Otter
983:Nqthm
947:FO(.)
856:CLIPS
698:Notes
594:RACER
497:(RDF)
491:(OWL)
485:(OIL)
455:RACER
394:DOGMA
204:JSTOR
190:books
1349:VHDL
937:CycL
790:and
644:CycL
560:OKBC
507:SHOE
442:OKBC
389:CycL
327:are
319:and
176:news
1008:TPS
655:KIF
599:OWL
471:XML
412:KIF
315:In
159:by
97:by
1399::
1013:Z3
564:KM
473:.
363:.
323:,
59:.
1123:e
1116:t
1109:v
978:E
780:e
773:t
766:v
601:.
448:)
444:(
306:)
300:(
288:)
282:(
277:)
273:(
259:.
226:)
220:(
215:)
211:(
201:·
194:·
187:·
180:·
153:.
124:)
118:(
113:)
109:(
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.