951:
743:
782:. Known as karongkandai among the Bodos of north east India, its flowers and fruit are eaten as a bitter side dish with rice. Its fruit are eaten as a side dish and water of boiled leave and bark as traditional medicine in Mizoram. It is known in Mizoram as Archangkawm. It is often prepared with fermented or dried fish and believed by them to have medicinal uses. The pods also eaten by Chakma people in Chittagong hill tracts of Bangladesh and India. Its called "Hona Gulo 𑄦𑄧𑄚 𑄉𑄪𑄣𑄮" in
882:
476:
488:
894:
44:
74:
906:
870:) from oroxylum wood. Onge made a shelter and planted oroxylum trees around it, and created more human beings from the trees. The trees were planted in pairs, giving rise to both Onge men and women. Only Onge people were created in this way; Onge mythology offers no explanation for the existence of non-indigenous people or other indigenous Andamanese peoples.
793:. The flower buds are boiled and pickled. The young pods are cut open raw and the tender seeds inside, having the color and texture of lettuce leaves, are used in various local dishes.
565:
447:
or stalks. All parts of the leaflet stalk grow at once, with dead stalks falling off the tree and collecting near the base of the trunk, looking like a pile of broken limb bones.
2288:
431:
The tree grows up to 27 m (89 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of 10–40 cm (3.9–15.7 in) with gray bark. A mature tree has few branches growing large
2097:
2110:
1872:
1486:
487:
2203:
2045:
1820:
2216:
2058:
1833:
1059:
1050:
458:. They form enormous seed pods – the fruits – are up to 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) long that hang down from bare branches, resembling
812:
and
Chinese medicines. Root bark is one of the ingredients thought to be useful in compound formulations in Ayurveda and other folk remedies.
462:. The long fruits curve downward and resemble the wings of a large bird or dangling sickles or swords in the night, giving the name "tree of
2308:
2293:
2318:
1122:
2303:
1704:
1626:
1218:
755:
2298:
2229:
2084:
1859:
1621:. Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia: Institute of the Malay World & Civilization, National University of Malaysia. pp. 24–25.
905:
1468:
1055:
778:. They are first grilled over charcoal fire and then the inner tender seeds are usually scraped and eaten along with
2242:
2136:
1911:
184:
2115:
1877:
2313:
73:
1264:
932:
881:
591:
2247:
1916:
1342:"Pseudonocardia oroxyli sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from surface-sterilized Oroxylum indicum root"
1483:
1383:"131. The constitution of oroxylin-A, a yellow colouring matter from the root-bark of Oroxylum indicum, vent"
1301:
893:
663:. Several of the compounds are under preliminary research to identify their potential biological properties.
475:
2141:
2032:
1807:
56:
1812:
1799:
2019:
1794:
1721:
1101:
742:
585:
550:
454:, their brown or dirty-violet calyxes are leathery. They have a sharp smell and bloom at night to attract
1382:
2283:
2037:
2024:
206:
1838:
1759:
1041:
2221:
2063:
2006:
1781:
805:
443:
branches, each branch is approximately 1 metre (3.3 ft) in length and comparably wide, borne on
390:
557:
518:
231:
2162:
1937:
1673:
1665:
820:
723:
239:
68:
1410:"Integrating ethnobiological knowledge into biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Himalayas"
43:
2123:
2102:
1993:
1885:
1768:
1700:
1622:
1586:
1535:
1464:
1441:
1363:
1214:
1180:
561:
2128:
1890:
1657:
1605:
Medicinal Plants (Indigenous and Exotic) Used in Ceylon. Part I (Acanthaceae – Burseraceae).
1576:
1566:
1525:
1515:
1431:
1421:
1390:
1353:
1170:
1160:
1149:"A Review on the Taxonomy, Ethnobotany, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Oroxylum indicum Vent"
672:
560:
in Assam, India. It is found, raised and planted in large number in the forest areas of the
444:
389:. It can reach a height of 18 metres (59 ft). Various segments of the tree are used in
1648:
1490:
1237:
1030:
A Review on the
Taxonomy, Ethnobotany, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Oroxylum indicum Vent
824:
783:
455:
348:
111:
1029:
968:
1984:
1903:
1898:
1581:
1554:
1530:
1503:
1436:
1409:
1175:
1148:
867:
402:
227:
98:
734:(Skr. shyonaka) seeds from the roof of their homes in belief they provide protection.
2277:
1644:"Ethnobotanical Studies of the Tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. I. Onge"
1259:
851:
708:
704:
692:
688:
656:
624:
600:
223:
1677:
2167:
1998:
1942:
1773:
1197:
790:
700:
648:
362:
157:
1340:
Gu, Qiang; Luo, Hongli; Zheng, Wen; Liu, Zhiheng; Huang, Ying (1 September 2006).
439:
tree leaves. Each leaf stalk is up to 2 metres (6.6 ft) long comprising four
2194:
2071:
1978:
1846:
1753:
712:
644:
1969:
1744:
1520:
1426:
1008:
716:
696:
640:
632:
1571:
1553:
Doshi, K; Ilanchezhian, R; Acharya, R; Patel, B. R.; Ravishankar, B (2012).
1165:
915:
636:
569:
530:
522:
352:
167:
2260:
2154:
1590:
1539:
1445:
1367:
1184:
564:
district in the state of
Rajasthan in India. It is reported in the list of
1929:
1358:
1341:
2255:
2188:
2149:
1963:
1924:
1738:
1394:
809:
771:
628:
463:
147:
137:
124:
17:
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1825:
1669:
1661:
1643:
727:
620:
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498:
440:
432:
2076:
1851:
847:
believe planting oroxylum trees can protect their homes from thieves.
676:
660:
652:
596:
526:
451:
1715:
1693:
Development and
Ethnocide: Colonial Practices in the Andaman Islands
862:
myth, the first of the Onge people, also named Onge, was created by
1555:"Anti-inflammatory activity of root bark and stem bark of Shyonaka"
1080:
2234:
1864:
1696:
919:
828:
747:
741:
459:
436:
85:
2089:
2011:
1786:
859:
844:
779:
775:
767:
1719:
758:, flower buds, pods and stems. The large young pods, known as
450:
The flowers grow from long pedicels at the end of 2-4 cm long
1244:. Vol. 1. Singapore: Govt. Printing Office. p. 166.
675:
for its strange appearance. Materials used include the wood,
1381:
Shah, R. C.; Mehta, C. R.; Wheeler, T. S. (1 January 1936).
1019:(1): 114–186 – via Naturalis Institutional Repository.
1504:"Anti-Infectious Plants of the Thai Karen: A Meta-Analysis"
1213:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 287.
1312:. Dinghushan Plant Checklist, Chinese Academy of Science.
843:
Because the pods are shaped like swords, people in West
1198:
2178:
1953:
1728:
1147:Chaudhary, AK; Singh, V; Chaudhary, A. K (2011).
1326:In: Dassanayake, M.D. and Fosberg, F.R. (Eds.).
1288:Tropical and Subtropical Trees - An Encyclopedia
831:in the shape of the plant's seed pod called the
566:rare, endangered and threatened plants of Kerala
1607:National Science Council of Sri Lanka, Colombo.
1408:O'Neill, Alexander; et al. (2017-03-29).
8:
1559:Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
1330:Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
583:lives in relationship with the actinomycete
2289:Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine
1461:Trees and Shrubs of Nepal and the Himalayas
589:present in the soil surrounding the roots.
415:
406:
1716:
1328:A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon.
466:". The seeds are round with papery wings.
42:
31:
1580:
1570:
1529:
1519:
1435:
1425:
1414:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
1357:
1211:Major Flowering Trees of Tropical Gardens
1209:Swaminathan, M.S.; Kochhar, S.L. (2019).
1174:
1164:
1153:Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
423:'wood', its epithet means "from India".
1619:Artifak Sains Dan Teknologi Alam Melayu
1232:
1230:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1060:United States Department of Agriculture
1051:Germplasm Resources Information Network
943:
877:
471:
252:
1290:. Portland: Timber Press. p. 304.
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1463:. Pilgrims Books House. p. 200.
1253:
1251:
963:
961:
952:"The International Plant Names Index"
556:It is visible in the forest biome of
435:leaves, which are the largest of all
7:
1286:Barwick M, van der Schans A (2004).
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
750:-like flower buds of the scythe tree
1484:Thai Dishes, Central Part And South
1258:Phillipps, Anthea (22 April 2012).
568:(South India). It is also found in
401:Its genus name Oroxylum comes from
1502:Phumthum, M.; Balslev, H. (2020).
25:
789:The plant is used as food by the
549:), and specimens can be found in
2248:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:108806-1
1917:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:110175-1
1123:efloraofindia - Oroxylum indicum
904:
892:
880:
486:
474:
72:
1459:Storrs, A.; Storrs, J. (1990).
619:, including leaves, root bark,
2142:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:4169-1
1007:van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (1974).
979:. World Flora Consortium. 2024
722:In the Himalayas, people hang
671:The tree is often grown as an
1:
1346:Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol
1056:Agricultural Research Service
623:, and seeds, contain diverse
55:, Gran edicion, Atlas I. by
2309:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2294:Decorative fruits and seeds
59:, 1880-1883? where name is
2335:
1691:Venkateswar, Sita (2004).
1603:Jayaweera, D.M.A. (1981).
1521:10.3390/antibiotics9060298
1260:"The Midnight Horror Tree"
770:, are eaten especially in
2319:Monotypic Lamiales genera
1617:Che Husna Azhari (2011).
1427:10.1186/s13002-017-0148-9
687:The plant is used by the
525:with a part extending to
497:pods sold at a market in
416:
407:
263:Arthrophyllum reticulatum
245:
238:
212:
205:
69:Scientific classification
67:
50:
41:
34:
2304:Plants described in 1753
1572:10.4103/0975-9476.104434
933:List of Thai ingredients
827:peoples forge a type of
756:plant with edible leaves
599:species responsible for
592:Septobasidium bogoriense
365:. It is commonly called
257:Arthrophyllum ceylanicum
1489:March 30, 2012, at the
1322:Theobald, W.L. (1981).
1242:Wayside Trees of Malaya
1166:10.4103/0250-474X.98981
797:In traditional medicine
57:Francisco Manuel Blanco
2299:Flora of tropical Asia
977:The World Flora Online
751:
586:Pseudonocardia oroxyli
551:Cat Tien National Park
287:Bignonia quadripinnata
61:Bignonia quadripinnata
1642:Bhargava, N. (1983).
1359:10.1099/ijs.0.64385-0
854:name for the tree is
745:
572:and also in Mizoram.
541:, the tree is called
375:Indian trumpet flower
1395:10.1039/JR9360000591
715:in Thailand and the
615:Various segments of
529:and southern China,
391:traditional medicine
299:Bignonia tuberculata
1352:(Pt 9): 2193–2197.
1102:"Broken bones tree"
683:In marriage rituals
558:Manas National Park
523:Himalayan foothills
519:Indian subcontinent
456:pollination by bats
367:Indian trumpet tree
293:Bignonia tripinnata
1699:. pp. 51–53.
1680:– via JSTOR.
1662:10.1007/BF02859311
1104:. Flowers of India
858:. According to an
804:seeds are used in
752:
305:Calosanthes indica
281:Bignonia pentandra
53:Flora de Filipinas
2271:
2270:
2124:Open Tree of Life
1886:Open Tree of Life
1722:Taxon identifiers
517:is native to the
340:
339:
325:Vent. nom. inval.
311:Hippoxylon indica
275:Bignonia lugubris
187:
16:(Redirected from
2326:
2314:Lamiales of Asia
2264:
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1760:Oroxylum indicum
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1730:Oroxylum indicum
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1304:Oroxylum indicum
1298:
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1238:Corner, E. J. H.
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1044:Oroxylum indicum
1038:
1032:
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1021:
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1004:
989:
988:
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984:
971:Oroxylum indicum
965:
956:
955:
948:
912:Oroxylum indicum
908:
896:
884:
802:Oroxylum indicum
673:ornamental plant
581:Oroxylum indicum
515:Oroxylum indicum
490:
478:
419:
418:
410:
409:
387:tree of Damocles
347:is a species of
344:Oroxylum indicum
329:Spathodea indica
323:Oroxylum indicum
218:
216:Oroxylum indicum
183:
77:
76:
51:Plate from book
46:
36:Oroxylum indicum
32:
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2180:Bignonia indica
2174:
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1649:Economic Botany
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1491:Wayback Machine
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1013:Flora Malesiana
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833:keris buah beko
818:
799:
784:Chakma language
740:
685:
679:and dyestuffs.
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512:
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491:
482:
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429:
414:'mountain' and
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349:flowering plant
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317:Oroxylum flavum
269:Bignonia indica
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198:O. indicum
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27:Species of tree
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2168:wfo-4000027227
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2016:
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1943:wfo-0000779181
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1565:(4): 194–197.
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1159:(5): 483–490.
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1009:"Bignoniaceae"
990:
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868:monitor lizard
840:
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798:
795:
739:
736:
711:in Nepal, the
684:
681:
668:
665:
625:phytochemicals
612:
611:Phytochemistry
609:
577:
574:
511:
508:
504:
503:
492:
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473:
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428:
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361:in the family
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601:velvet blight
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265:Blume ex Miq.
264:
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207:Binomial name
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99:Tracheophytes
97:
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80:
75:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2284:Bignoniaceae
2179:
1954:
1729:
1692:
1686:
1653:
1647:
1637:
1618:
1612:
1604:
1599:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1479:
1460:
1454:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1386:
1376:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1309:
1303:
1296:
1287:
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1263:
1241:
1210:
1204:
1193:
1156:
1152:
1118:
1106:. Retrieved
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1049:
1043:
1036:
1025:
1016:
1012:
981:. Retrieved
976:
970:
946:
911:
863:
855:
849:
842:
839:In mythology
832:
819:
801:
800:
791:Karen people
788:
763:
759:
753:
738:Culinary Use
731:
721:
686:
670:
649:ellagic acid
616:
614:
604:
590:
584:
580:
579:
555:
546:
542:
537:regions. In
514:
513:
510:Distribution
494:
449:
430:
420:
411:
400:
386:
382:
379:broken bones
378:
374:
370:
366:
363:Bignoniaceae
357:
356:
343:
342:
341:
328:
322:
316:
310:
304:
301:Roxb. ex DC.
298:
292:
286:
280:
274:
268:
262:
256:
215:
213:
197:
196:
178:
177:
158:Bignoniaceae
131:
118:
105:
92:
60:
52:
35:
29:
2072:iNaturalist
1979:Wikispecies
1847:iNaturalist
1754:Wikispecies
1508:Antibiotics
1389:: 591–593.
1324:Bignoniace.
1310:eFloras.org
1271:5 September
1108:11 December
1065:15 December
973:(L.) Benth"
821:Kelantanese
806:traditional
645:biochanin-A
545:(sometimes
427:Description
383:scythe tree
112:Angiosperms
2278:Categories
1904:kew-317739
1899:Plant List
1656:(1): 112.
1514:(6): 298.
1470:9747315432
1420:(21): 21.
939:References
732:O. indicum
730:made from
724:sculptures
641:oroxylin-A
633:sitosterol
627:, such as
617:O. indicum
605:O. indicum
501:, Thailand
331:(L.) Pers.
307:(L.) Blume
63:, Blanco.
2195:Q21872016
1813:200021430
1800:200021430
1081:"Ecoport"
916:Panchkhal
810:Ayurvedic
719:in Laos.
637:oroxindin
621:heartwood
570:Sri Lanka
531:Indochina
353:monotypic
313:(L.) Raf.
192:Species:
168:Oroxyleae
82:Kingdom:
2261:50043154
2256:Tropicos
2235:108806-1
2189:Wikidata
2155:40033875
2150:Tropicos
1985:Oroxylum
1970:Q7103907
1964:Wikidata
1955:Oroxylum
1925:Tropicos
1865:110175-1
1745:Q3245941
1739:Wikidata
1678:39096375
1591:23326090
1540:32498413
1487:Archived
1446:28356115
1368:16957120
1240:(1952).
1185:22923859
983:17 April
927:See also
856:talaralu
825:Javanese
772:Thailand
754:It is a
746:Pickled
728:garlands
629:prunetin
562:Banswara
533:and the
495:Oroxylum
464:Damocles
445:petioles
397:Taxonomy
371:oroxylum
358:Oroxylum
240:Synonyms
179:Oroxylum
154:Family:
148:Lamiales
138:Asterids
125:Eudicots
18:Oroxylum
2209:4091405
2129:1019057
2103:1016008
2051:7298257
2012:2895128
1930:3701303
1891:1019059
1826:4090936
1787:2895129
1670:4254461
1582:3545239
1531:7345792
1437:5372287
1176:3425058
887:Flowers
874:Gallery
808:Indian
760:Lin mai
693:Sunuwar
677:tannins
576:Ecology
543:núc nác
539:Vietnam
535:Malesia
499:Bangkok
452:racemes
441:pinnate
433:pinnate
351:of the
295:Noronha
277:Salisb.
174:Genus:
164:Tribe:
144:Order:
86:Plantae
2090:4169-1
2077:347932
2038:123228
2025:123228
1852:347930
1703:
1676:
1668:
1625:
1589:
1579:
1538:
1528:
1467:
1444:
1434:
1366:
1217:
1183:
1173:
899:Leaves
816:In art
764:Lin fa
709:Tamang
661:emodin
659:, and
653:tetuin
597:fungal
527:Bhutan
521:, the
493:Large
460:swords
405:words
355:genus
319:Rehder
289:Blanco
228:Benth.
2116:83950
2098:IRMNG
1999:99FFS
1878:83951
1839:26046
1774:99R85
1697:IWGIA
1674:S2CID
1666:JSTOR
920:Nepal
914:near
864:Eyuge
829:keris
748:caper
705:Yakha
701:Limbu
689:Kirat
595:is a
547:sò đo
481:Fruit
437:dicot
421:xylon
417:ξύλον
403:Greek
283:Lour.
185:Vent.
132:Clade
119:Clade
106:Clade
93:Clade
2243:POWO
2230:IPNI
2222:7193
2217:GRIN
2204:GBIF
2137:POWO
2111:NCBI
2085:IPNI
2064:8591
2059:GRIN
2046:GBIF
1912:POWO
1873:NCBI
1860:IPNI
1834:GRIN
1821:GBIF
1701:ISBN
1623:ISBN
1587:PMID
1536:PMID
1465:ISBN
1442:PMID
1364:PMID
1273:2012
1215:ISBN
1181:PMID
1110:2017
1067:2017
985:2024
860:Onge
852:Onge
850:The
845:Java
823:and
776:Laos
774:and
768:Loei
713:Thai
667:Uses
412:oros
408:ὄρος
259:Miq.
249:List
232:Kurz
2163:WFO
2033:FoC
2020:FNA
2007:EoL
1994:CoL
1938:WFO
1808:FoC
1795:FNA
1782:EoL
1769:CoL
1658:doi
1577:PMC
1567:doi
1526:PMC
1516:doi
1432:PMC
1422:doi
1391:doi
1354:doi
1171:PMC
1161:doi
780:lap
766:in
762:or
726:or
717:Lao
697:Rai
603:in
385:or
230:ex
2280::
2258::
2245::
2232::
2219::
2206::
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