116:. Speech data was collected, mainly during the 1990s, by means of telephone interviews with individuals in metropolitan areas in all regions of the U.S. and Canada. Using acoustic analysis of speech from these interviews,
1114:
1119:
1004:
291:
are represented by single letters, and each of the diphthongs and historically long vowels is represented by a nuclear vowel followed by a glide,
154:
defines several major dialect regions on the basis of distinctive phonological patterns and sound changes taking place in them—often
1080:
272:
concludes that regions are becoming more dissimilar to each other, and thus the dialect diversity of North
America is increasing.
162:
283:
employs a "binary" phonemic notation system designed to be maximally abstract and economical so that it can be used to describe
1104:
67:
49:
1029:
203:
139:
1099:
166:
228:
89:
250:
241:
985:
958:
931:
904:
877:
850:
823:
803:
770:
743:
716:
689:
662:
635:
608:
581:
554:
527:
480:
453:
426:
399:
372:
345:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
245:
232:
223:
219:
215:
121:
63:
59:
45:
254:
194:
236:
207:
189:
175:
181:
1109:
17:
1076:
1072:
211:
185:
315:
represents an inglide or long monophthong. The following tables provide a comparison between
965:
938:
911:
884:
857:
830:
813:
777:
750:
723:
696:
669:
642:
615:
588:
561:
534:
517:
487:
460:
433:
406:
379:
352:
335:
320:
268:
On the basis of changes such as the
Northern Cities Vowel Shift and the Canadian Shift, the
171:
97:
113:
1093:
800:
288:
214:, characterized by complex æ-tensing, rhoticity, and the fronting of the back vowels
109:
101:
1009:
129:
198:
244:, characterized by the fronting of back vowels without the monophthongization of
284:
155:
1069:
The Atlas of North
American English: Phonetics, Phonology and Sound Change
88:) is a 2006 book that presents an overview of the pronunciation patterns (
77:
The Atlas of North
American English: Phonetics, Phonology and Sound Change
125:
55:
93:
105:
264:
and the absence of the distinctive features of the adjacent regions
33:
941:
860:
833:
591:
537:
780:
753:
726:
672:
968:
914:
887:
645:
699:
618:
564:
382:
490:
436:
197:, characterized by non-rhoticity and a complex pattern of
142:
at the 2008 meeting of the
Linguistic Society of America.
463:
409:
355:
108:. It is the result of a large-scale survey by linguists
1067:
Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006).
27:
Dialectological map of
English in the U.S. and Canada
54:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
321:Knowledge (XXG)'s diaphonemic transcription system
184:, characterized by different combinations of the
158:among the vowel phonemes. Major regions include:
1030:"Leonard Bloomfield Book Award Previous Holders"
68:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
1050:
8:
32:"ANAE" redirects here. For the surname, see
797:
507:
325:
311:represents any kind of back upglide , and
1005:North American English regional phonology
231:, characterized by monophthongization of
1021:
307:represents any kind of front upglide ,
7:
120:traces sound changes in progress in
58:. For the distinction between ,
1115:Leonard Bloomfield Book Award books
136:The Atlas of North American English
86:Phonological Atlas of North America
126:boundaries between dialect regions
25:
1120:Books about the English language
964:
937:
910:
883:
856:
829:
776:
749:
722:
695:
668:
641:
614:
587:
560:
533:
486:
459:
432:
405:
378:
351:
100:as spoken in urban areas of the
1032:. Linguistic Society of America
50:International Phonetic Alphabet
18:Atlas of North American English
1051:Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006)
1:
140:Leonard Bloomfield Book Award
167:Northern Cities Vowel Shift
1136:
31:
962:
1071:. Berlin and New York:
204:The Mid-Atlantic region
182:dialects in New England
174:, characterized by the
165:, characterized by the
128:based on the different
46:phonetic transcriptions
1105:North American English
132:taking place in them.
122:North American English
43:This article contains
84:; formerly, the
237:Southern Vowel Shift
176:Canadian Vowel Shift
806:
510:
328:
253:, characterized by
92:) in all the major
1100:Linguistic atlases
798:
508:
326:
112:, Sharon Ash, and
1073:Mouton de Gruyter
1053:, pp. 11–15.
996:
995:
796:
795:
506:
505:
186:cot-caught merger
16:(Redirected from
1127:
1086:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1026:
987:
975:
974:
971:
970:
960:
948:
947:
944:
943:
933:
921:
920:
917:
916:
906:
894:
893:
890:
889:
879:
867:
866:
863:
862:
852:
840:
839:
836:
835:
825:
807:
805:
787:
786:
783:
782:
772:
760:
759:
756:
755:
745:
733:
732:
729:
728:
718:
706:
705:
702:
701:
691:
679:
678:
675:
674:
664:
652:
651:
648:
647:
637:
625:
624:
621:
620:
610:
598:
597:
594:
593:
583:
571:
570:
567:
566:
556:
544:
543:
540:
539:
529:
511:
497:
496:
493:
492:
482:
470:
469:
466:
465:
455:
443:
442:
439:
438:
428:
416:
415:
412:
411:
401:
389:
388:
385:
384:
374:
362:
361:
358:
357:
347:
329:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
247:
234:
225:
221:
217:
163:The Inland North
98:English language
65:
61:
21:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1001:
967:
963:
940:
936:
913:
909:
886:
882:
859:
855:
832:
828:
779:
775:
752:
748:
725:
721:
698:
694:
671:
667:
644:
640:
617:
613:
590:
586:
563:
559:
536:
532:
489:
485:
462:
458:
435:
431:
408:
404:
381:
377:
354:
350:
319:s notation and
287:with ease. The
278:
148:
96:regions of the
73:
72:
71:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1133:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1043:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1000:
997:
994:
993:
988:
982:
981:
976:
961:
955:
954:
949:
934:
928:
927:
922:
907:
901:
900:
895:
880:
874:
873:
868:
853:
847:
846:
841:
826:
820:
819:
816:
811:
794:
793:
788:
773:
767:
766:
761:
746:
740:
739:
734:
719:
713:
712:
707:
692:
686:
685:
680:
665:
659:
658:
653:
638:
632:
631:
626:
611:
605:
604:
599:
584:
578:
577:
572:
557:
551:
550:
545:
530:
524:
523:
520:
515:
504:
503:
498:
483:
477:
476:
471:
456:
450:
449:
444:
429:
423:
422:
417:
402:
396:
395:
390:
375:
369:
368:
363:
348:
342:
341:
338:
333:
289:checked vowels
277:
274:
266:
265:
248:
239:
235:and resulting
226:
201:
192:
178:
169:
147:
144:
124:, and defines
114:Charles Boberg
66:⟩, see
42:
41:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1132:
1121:
1118:
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1111:
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1103:
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1098:
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1084:
1082:3-11-016746-8
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
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1060:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
984:
983:
980:
977:
973:
957:
956:
953:
950:
946:
935:
930:
929:
926:
923:
919:
908:
903:
902:
899:
896:
892:
881:
876:
875:
872:
869:
865:
854:
849:
848:
845:
842:
838:
827:
822:
821:
817:
815:
812:
809:
808:
802:
801:tautosyllabic
792:
789:
785:
774:
769:
768:
765:
762:
758:
747:
742:
741:
738:
735:
731:
720:
715:
714:
711:
708:
704:
693:
688:
687:
684:
681:
677:
666:
661:
660:
657:
654:
650:
639:
634:
633:
630:
627:
623:
612:
607:
606:
603:
600:
596:
585:
580:
579:
576:
573:
569:
558:
553:
552:
549:
546:
542:
531:
526:
525:
521:
519:
516:
513:
512:
502:
499:
495:
484:
479:
478:
475:
472:
468:
457:
452:
451:
448:
445:
441:
430:
425:
424:
421:
418:
414:
403:
398:
397:
394:
391:
387:
376:
371:
370:
367:
364:
360:
349:
344:
343:
339:
337:
334:
331:
330:
327:Short vowels
324:
322:
318:
290:
286:
282:
275:
273:
271:
263:
261:
257:
252:
249:
243:
240:
238:
230:
227:
213:
209:
205:
202:
200:
196:
195:New York City
193:
191:
190:non-rhoticity
187:
183:
179:
177:
173:
170:
168:
164:
161:
160:
159:
157:
153:
145:
143:
141:
138:received the
137:
133:
131:
130:sound changes
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
110:William Labov
107:
103:
102:United States
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:(abbreviated
79:
78:
69:
57:
53:
51:
47:
39:
35:
30:
19:
1068:
1061:Bibliography
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1024:
1010:Dialectology
990:
978:
951:
924:
897:
870:
843:
790:
763:
736:
709:
682:
655:
628:
601:
574:
547:
509:Long vowels
500:
473:
446:
419:
392:
365:
316:
285:chain shifts
280:
279:
269:
267:
259:
255:
208:Philadelphia
206:, including
156:chain shifts
151:
149:
135:
134:
117:
85:
81:
76:
75:
74:
62:and ⟨
44:
38:
29:
1036:January 11,
242:The Midland
1094:Categories
1016:References
1110:Phonology
229:The South
212:Baltimore
199:æ-tensing
999:See also
818:Example
522:Example
340:Example
276:Notation
251:The West
180:Several
146:Findings
60:/ /
56:Help:IPA
799:Before
94:dialect
90:accents
48:in the
1079:
791:bought
262:merger
260:caught
172:Canada
106:Canada
64:
810:ANAE
602:quoit
514:ANAE
332:ANAE
317:ANAE'
270:Atlas
152:Atlas
52:(IPA)
1077:ISBN
1038:2015
979:four
952:moor
871:fair
844:fear
764:balm
737:bout
710:boat
683:boot
656:suit
629:bite
575:bait
548:beat
447:foot
281:ANAE
246:/ay/
233:/ay/
224:/uw/
220:/ow/
216:/aw/
210:and
188:and
150:The
118:ANAE
104:and
82:ANAE
34:Anae
991:for
986:ɔhr
969:ɔːr
959:ohr
942:ʊər
932:uhr
925:far
915:ɑːr
905:ahr
898:fur
888:ɜːr
878:ʌhr
861:ɛər
851:ehr
834:ɪər
824:ihr
804:/r/
646:juː
501:hot
474:hut
420:bat
393:bet
366:bit
313:/h/
309:/w/
305:/y/
301:/h/
299:or
297:/w/
293:/y/
256:cot
1096::
1075:.
814:WP
781:ɔː
771:oh
754:ɑː
744:ah
727:aʊ
717:aw
700:oʊ
690:ow
673:uː
663:uw
636:iw
619:aɪ
609:ay
592:ɔɪ
582:oy
565:eɪ
555:ey
538:iː
528:iy
518:WP
336:WP
323:.
303:.
295:,
222:,
218:,
1085:.
1040:.
972:/
966:/
945:/
939:/
918:/
912:/
891:/
885:/
864:/
858:/
837:/
831:/
784:/
778:/
757:/
751:/
730:/
724:/
703:/
697:/
676:/
670:/
649:/
643:/
622:/
616:/
595:/
589:/
568:/
562:/
541:/
535:/
494:/
491:ɒ
488:/
481:o
467:/
464:ʌ
461:/
454:ʌ
440:/
437:ʊ
434:/
427:u
413:/
410:æ
407:/
400:æ
386:/
383:ɛ
380:/
373:e
359:/
356:ɪ
353:/
346:i
258:-
70:.
36:.
20:)
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