32:. Low boiling fractions usually vaporize below 400°C at atmospheric pressure without cracking the hydrocarbon compounds. Therefore, all the low boiling fractions of crude oil are separated by atmospheric distillation. A crude distillation unit (CDU) consists of the pre-flash distillation column. The petroleum products obtained from the distillation process are light, medium, and heavy
76:. This cooled liquid is known as circulating reflux, and it is important to control the heat load in the column. The remaining crude oil is passed through a side stripper which uses steam to separate kerosene. The kerosene obtained is cooled and collected in a storage tank as raw kerosene, known as straight run kerosene that boils at a range of 140 °C–270 °C.
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Refining of crude oils essentially consists of primary separation processes and secondary conversion processes. The petroleum refining process is the separation of the different hydrocarbons present in crude oil into useful fractions and the conversion of some of the hydrocarbons into products having
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Simulation helps in crude oil characterization so that thermodynamic and transport properties can be predicted. Dynamic models help in examining the relationships that could not be found by experimental methods (Ellner & Guckenheimer, 2006). By using modeling and simulation software, 80% of the
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A few plates below the kerosene draw plate, the diesel fraction is obtained at a temperature of 280 °C–300 °C. The diesel fraction is then cooled and stored. The top product from the atmospheric distillation column is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases, e.g., methane, ethane, propane, butane,
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The vapors from the top of the column are a mixture of hydrocarbon gases and naphtha, at a temperature of 120 °C–130 °C. The vapor stream associated with steam used at the bottom of the column is condensed by the water cooler and the liquid collected in a vessel is known as a reflux drum
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at a temperature of 250 °C–260 °C and is further heated by a tube-still heater to a temperature of 350 °C–360 °C. The hot crude oil is then passed into a distillation column that allows the separation of the crude oil into different fractions depending on the difference in
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and naphtha vapors. Residual oil present at the bottom of the column is known as reduced crude oil (RCO). The temperature of the stream at the bottom is 340 °C–350 °C, which is below the cracking temperature of the oil.
61:. The pressure at the top is maintained at 1.2–1.5 atm so that the distillation can be carried out at close to atmospheric pressure, and therefore it is known as the atmospheric distillation column.
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A few plates below the top plate, the kerosene is obtained as a product at a temperature of 190 °C–200 °C. Part of this fraction is returned to the column after it is cooled by a
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Atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oils are the main primary separation processes producing various straight run products, e.g., gasoline to lube oils/vacuum gas oils.
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The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as 101325 Pa (1.01325 bar), equivalent to 760 mm Hg (torr), 29.92 in Hg and 14.696 psi.
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Crude oil must first be desalted, by heating to a temperature of 100-150 °C and mixing with 4-10% fresh water to dilute the salt. Crude oil exits from the
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time can be saved rather than constructing an actual working model. This also saves cost, and models provide more accurate studies of real systems.
119:"Vacuum distillation is a key part of the petroleum refining process - Today in Energy - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)"
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which is present at the top of the column. Some part of the liquid is returned to the top plate of the column as overhead
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195:"Simulating a Typical Atmospheric Crude Distillation Unit Tutorial"
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Modeling and
Simulation of Crude Distillation Unit (CDU)
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Fundamentals of petroleum and petrochemical engineering
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319:Atmospheric distillation
99:Continuous distillation
290:List of oil refineries
354:Hydrodesulphurisation
369:Solvent deasphalting
227:(Thesis). p. 16
26:atmospheric pressure
334:Catalytic reforming
324:Vacuum distillation
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384:Amine gas treating
329:Catalytic cracking
274:Petroleum refining
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229:. Retrieved
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94:Distillation
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22:Distillation
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374:Visbreaking
359:Sweetening
339:Alkylation
105:References
59:volatility
314:Desalting
304:Processes
285:Petroleum
231:April 27,
201:April 27,
179:April 27,
422:Category
88:See also
54:desalter
38:kerosene
407:Commons
34:naphtha
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379:Coking
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67:reflux
42:diesel
30:vacuum
221:(PDF)
233:2020
203:2020
181:2020
150:ISBN
218:"2"
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