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Adjective

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Many adjectives do not naturally lend themselves to comparison. For example, some English speakers would argue that it does not make sense to say that one thing is "more ultimate" than another, or that something is "most ultimate", since the word "ultimate" is already absolute in its semantics. Such
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This means that, in English, adjectives pertaining to size precede adjectives pertaining to age ("little old", not "old little"), which in turn generally precede adjectives pertaining to colour ("old white", not "white old"). So, one would say "One (quantity) nice (opinion) little (size) old (age)
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Comparative and superlative forms are also occasionally used for other purposes than comparison. In English comparatives can be used to suggest that a statement is only tentative or tendential: one might say "John is more the shy-and-retiring type", where the comparative "more" is not really
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Depending on the language, an adjective can precede a corresponding noun on a prepositive basis or it can follow a corresponding noun on a postpositive basis. Structural, contextual, and style considerations can impinge on the pre-or post-position of an adjective in a given instance of its
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is a nominalized adjective, short for "happy one" or "happy book". Another way this happens is in phrases like "out with the old, in with the new", where "the old" means "that which is old" or "all that is old", and similarly with "the new". In such cases, the adjective may function as a
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Here, a distinction may be made between attributive and predicative usage. In English, adjectives never agree, whereas in French, they always agree. In German, they agree only when they are used attributively, and in Hungarian, they agree only when they are used predicatively:
577:("clever(ly)") takes endings when used as an attributive adjective but not when used adverbially. Whether these are distinct parts of speech or distinct usages of the same part of speech is a question of analysis. While German linguistic terminology distinguishes 1381:. Nevertheless, native speakers will frequently play with the raised forms of adjectives of this sort. Although "pregnant" is logically non-comparable (either one is pregnant or not), one may hear a sentence like "She looks more and more pregnant each day". 1799:, as that would include (for example) incompetent surgeons who are skilled violinists. All intersective adjectives are subsective, but the term 'subsective' is sometimes used to refer to only those subsective adjectives which are not intersective. 915:
In many languages, attributive adjectives usually occur in a specific order. In general, the adjective order in English can be summarised as: opinion, size, age or shape, colour, origin, material, purpose. Other language authorities, like the
615:). Determiners formerly were considered to be adjectives in some of their uses. Determiners function neither as nouns nor pronouns but instead characterize a nominal element within a particular context. They generally do this by indicating 1348:
Another way to convey comparison is by incorporating the words "more" and "most". There is no simple rule to decide which means is correct for any given adjective, however. The general tendency is for simpler adjectives and those from
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comparing him with other people or with other impressions of him, but rather, could be substituting for "on the whole" or "more so than not". In Italian, superlatives are frequently used to put strong emphasis on an adjective:
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round (shape) white (colour) brick (material) house." When several adjectives of the same type are used together, they are ordered from general to specific, like "lovely intelligent person" or "old medieval castle".
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can appear before a noun, they are far more circumscribed than adjectives in their use—typically, only a single determiner would appear before a noun or noun phrase (including any attributive adjectives).
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In English dictionaries, which typically still do not treat determiners as their own part of speech, determiners are often recognizable by being listed both as adjectives and as pronouns.
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polite" of the three. The word "more" here modifies the adjective "polite" to indicate a comparison is being made, and "most" modifies the adjective to indicate an absolute comparison (a
1120:. For example, the usual order of adjectives in English would result in the phrase "the bad big wolf" (opinion before size), but instead, the usual phrase is "the big bad wolf". 774:
es—to modify other nouns. In languages that have a subtle adjective-noun distinction, one way to tell them apart is that a modifying adjective can come to stand in for an entire
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forms that can act as noun modifiers either alone or as the head of a phrase. Sometimes participles develop into functional usage as adjectives. Examples in English include
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car", "Ford" is unquestionably a noun but its function is adjectival: to modify "car". In some languages adjectives can function as nouns: for example, the Spanish phrase "
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means "the difficult task" in the sense of "the task, which is difficult" (non-restrictive). In English, restrictiveness is not marked on adjectives but is marked on
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is non-restrictive – it is already known which task it was, but the adjective describes it more fully: "The aforementioned task, which (by the way) is difficult."
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An adjective is subsective if and only if the extension of its combination with a noun is a subset of the extension of the noun. For example, the extension of
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Here "difficult" is restrictive – it tells which tasks he avoids, distinguishing these from the easy ones: "Only those tasks that are difficult".
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Among languages that allow adjectives to be compared, different means are used to indicate comparison. Some languages do not distinguish between
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As for "confusion" with verbs, rather than an adjective meaning "big", a language might have a verb that means "to be big" and could then use an
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forms. Other languages allow adjectives to be compared but do not have a special comparative form of the adjective. In such cases, as in some
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In many languages (including English) it is possible for nouns to modify other nouns. Unlike adjectives, nouns acting as modifiers (called
2149: 665:(AP). In the simplest case, an adjective phrase consists solely of the adjective; more complex adjective phrases may contain one or more 343:
denoting a collective group, as in "The meek shall inherit the Earth", where "the meek" means "those who are meek" or "all who are meek".
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In some languages, adjectives alter their form to reflect the gender, case and number of the noun that they describe. This is called
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construction analogous to "big-being house" to express what in English is called a "big house". Such an analysis is possible for the
2313: 2295: 2273: 2255: 2371: 711:) usually are not predicative; a beautiful park is beautiful, but a car park is not "car". The modifier often indicates origin (" 689:"). In English, attributive adjective phrases that include complements typically follow the noun that they qualify ("an evildoer 467:
are well known for having only a small closed class of adjectives, and new adjectives are not easily derived. Similarly, native
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The normal adjectival order of English may be overridden in certain circumstances, especially when one adjective is being
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forms by taking the suffixes "-er" and "-est" (sometimes requiring additional letters before the suffix; see forms for
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actor"); however, it may generally indicate almost any semantic relationship. It is also common for adjectives to be
2187: 475:-adjectives) are considered a closed class (as are native verbs), although nouns (an open class) may be used in the 3310: 3285: 2409: 1958: 480: 2186:(1995). "Lexical semantics and compositionality". In Gleitman, Lila; Liberman, Mark; Osherson, Daniel N. (eds.). 609:
Linguists today distinguish determiners from adjectives, considering them to be two separate parts of speech (or
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This order may be more rigid in some languages than others; in some, like Spanish, it may only be a default (
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Shape or physical quality – adjectives describing more detailed physical attributes than overall size (e.g.
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occurrence. In English, occurrences of adjectives generally can be classified into one of three categories:
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A plain nonsubsective adjective is an adjective that is not subsective or privative. For example, the word
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Different languages do not use adjectives in exactly the same situations. For example, where English uses
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Many languages (including English) distinguish between adjectives, which qualify nouns and pronouns, and
222:), they were considered a type of noun. The words that are today typically called nouns were then called 3150: 3041: 3036: 3013: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2775: 2568: 2404: 1761: 1745: 806: 318: 131: 330:. In the sentence, "I read two books to them; he preferred the sad book, but she preferred the happy", 3155: 3089: 2921: 2878: 2780: 2643: 2603: 1406: 1350: 1166: 1117: 918: 900: 291: 2936: 2320:
Wierzbicka, Anna (1986). "What's in a Noun? (Or: How Do Nouns Differ in Meaning from Adjectives?)".
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means "the difficult task" in the sense of "the task that is difficult" (restrictive), whereas
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means "most beautiful", but is in fact more commonly heard in the sense "extremely beautiful".
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Owing partially to borrowings from French, English has some adjectives that follow the noun as
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Qualifier/purpose – final limiter, which sometimes forms part of the (compound) noun (e.g.,
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An adjective is privative if and only if the extension of its combination with a noun is
1433:"She had the job of sorting out the mess left by her predecessor, and she performed this 793:'little child' can stand on its own to mean 'the little one,' while the attributive noun 459:; that is, it is relatively common for new adjectives to be formed via such processes as 2356: 1141:. Adjectives may even change meaning depending on whether they precede or follow, as in 294:
or other linking mechanism subsequent to a corresponding noun or pronoun; for example: "
259:, which are also known as "attributive adjectives", occur on an antecedent basis within 3187: 3145: 3107: 3009: 2738: 2728: 2718: 2613: 2608: 2588: 2583: 2512: 2387: 2183: 1741: 1720: 1564: 1362: 1219: 892: 779: 531: 417: 394: 353: 327: 154: 53: 1702: 3360: 3112: 3064: 2931: 2911: 2790: 2708: 2688: 2638: 2618: 2598: 2308:. Gothenburg studies in English No. 56. Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. 2197: 1954: 1803: 1211: 833: 527: 413: 35: 17: 60:. Nowadays, certain words that usually had been classified as adjectives, including 3201: 3175: 3165: 3138: 3000: 2733: 2698: 2673: 2628: 2449: 1765: 1494:
or concord. Usually it takes the form of inflections at the end of the word, as in
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can occur: immediately subsequent to a noun within a noun phrase, e.g. "The only
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to convey some adjectival meanings, and there is also the separate open class of
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of its extension and that of the noun its modifying. For example, the adjective
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may be used to indicate one entity has more of an adjectival quality than (i.e.
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function of adjectives are categorized together with some other class, such as
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of the English language, although historically they were classed together with
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Determiners and postdeterminers—articles, numerals, and other limiters (e.g.
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Dixon, R. M. W. (1999). "Adjectives". In K. Brown & T. Miller (eds.),
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Material – denominal adjectives denoting what something is made of (e.g.,
3197: 3192: 2238: 1560: 628: 476: 361: 357: 3182: 2898: 2503: 2419: 775: 452:, roughly "in need of" or "needing"), English uses the verb "to need". 323: 210: 3160: 2845: 2537: 2517: 1304: 666: 496: 178: 1183:. For example, a person may be "polite", but another person may be " 929:
blind mice)—come before attributive adjectives in English. Although
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In languages that have adjectives as a word class, it is usually an
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a noun from an adjective-noun noun phrase, whose remnant thus is a
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Syntactical Mechanics: A New Approach to English, Latin, and Greek
1495: 1452:, restrictiveness is consistently marked; for example, in Spanish 1358: 856:), which function as attribute adjectives in such phrases as "the 771: 167: 2133:"Order force: the old grammar rule we all obey without realising" 1713: with: other aspects of adjective semantics. You can help by 310:); or as an appositive adjective within a noun phrase, e.g. "My 2483: 2396: 500: 369: 365: 158: 57: 49:. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun. 42: 3233: 2360: 2225:
Dixon, R. M. W. (1977). "Where Have All the Adjectives Gone?".
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to take the suffixes, while longer adjectives and those from
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noun phrase, while a modifying noun cannot. For example, in
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umbrella because of their shared syntactic distribution as
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for gender, number, and case like nouns (a process called
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marks the adjective with a feminine singular noun, as in
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Traditionally, adjectives are considered one of the main
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overlaps with, but is not included in the extension of
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Colour – adjectives denoting colour or pattern (e.g.
922:, state that shape precedes rather than follows age. 278:, and therefore functions in a prepositive adjective. 2250:(1st ed.). Pergamon Press Inc. pp. 29–35. 2115:
R.M.W. Dixon, "Where Have all the Adjectives Gone?"
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Origin – denominal adjectives denoting source (e.g.
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were formerly used in English but are now obsolete.
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Warlpiri Morpho-Syntax : a Lexicalist Approach
1784:(i.e., the set of all mammals who are carnivorous). 1218:—hence ABL) another. Take the following example in 946:idiot) and adjectives of subjective measure (e.g. 2012:See: "Attributive and predicative adjectives" at 1303:"many", "more", "most" (sometimes regarded as an 1262:Jalnggoon oysters are bigger than niwarda oysters 891:"). Some nouns can also take complements such as 867:Other constructs that often modify nouns include 1902:A Dictionary of Grammatical Terms in Linguistics 1760:An adjective is intersective if and only if the 1266:In English, many adjectives can be inflected to 1821:is this kind of adjective, as the extension of 1764:of its combination with a noun is equal to the 969:Size – adjectives denoting physical size (e.g. 290:cost twice what we expected"; as linked via a 208:'additional noun' (whence also English 2266:Concise Encyclopedia of Grammatical Categories 2170:A Comprehensive Descriptive Grammar of English 2150:Adjectives: order (from English Grammar Today) 360:. In some languages, the words that serve the 3245: 2372: 1806:from the extension of the noun. For example, 1459: 1453: 1386: 437: 377: 72:, etc., typically are classed separately, as 27:Part of speech that defines a noun or pronoun 8: 2248:The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics 2189:An Invitation to Cognitive Science: Language 1476:, was there" being one of restrictiveness). 590: 584: 578: 572: 554: 538: 447: 431: 2246:Dixon, R. M. W. (1993). R. E. Asher (ed.). 2000:. University of Oklahoma Press, 2014. p. 8. 1425:and fill his working hours with easy ones." 1417:(helping to describe a noun). For example: 425: 230: 171: 3252: 3238: 3230: 2488: 2379: 2365: 2357: 1536:(good boy, masculine singular nominative) 1514:(good girl, feminine singular nominative) 899:"), but these are not commonly considered 1776:is the intersection of the extensions of 1547:(good boys, masculine plural nominative) 314:to go for a drive, are in the back seat." 271:occurs on an antecedent basis within the 2008: 2006: 1983:. University of California Press, 2013. 1772:is intersective, given the extension of 1187:polite", and a third person may be the " 1179:and the measure of comparison is called 41:) is a word that describes or defines a 2155:Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary 1927:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. 1892: 1890: 1886: 1866: 1845:List of eponymous adjectives in English 1421:"He was a lazy sort, who would avoid a 1175:In many languages, some adjectives are 1744:classifies adjectives semantically as 1405:Attributive adjectives and other noun 2348:List of English collateral adjectives 1904:. Taylor & Francis. p. 188. 938:Opinion – limiter adjectives (e.g. a 7: 2028: 2026: 1369:of the word is the deciding factor. 1003:Age – adjectives denoting age (e.g. 840:to see you". Other examples include 657:An adjective acts as the head of an 302:is a predicate adjective (see also: 2070:. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. 931:certain combinations of determiners 2131:Dowling, Tim (13 September 2016). 511:car" (where it qualifies the noun 25: 2066:Simpson, Jane (6 December 2012). 1468:(the difference between "the man 1256:Jalnggoon boordij=amba niwarda-go 1149:(a real town, not a village) vs. 1109:, follow their adjectival orders 1791:is a subset of the extension of 1701: 1208:Australian Aboriginal languages 768:Australian Aboriginal languages 2198:10.7551/mitpress/3964.003.0015 1318:Some adjectives can have both 1282:"great", "greater", "greatest" 1259:Jalnggoon big-SUBR niwarda-ABL 519:" (where it modifies the verb 1: 2037:. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. 1559:, however, initial consonant 691:devoid of redeeming qualities 643:), or another such property. 515:) but an adverb in "he drove 155:Part of speech § History 1344:"far", "further", "furthest" 1333:"far", "farther", "farthest" 1210:, case-marking, such as the 1151:They live in the town proper 836:constructs such as "I am so 197: 1981:Introduction to Attic Greek 1613: 1571: 1502: 1448:In some languages, such as 1285:"deep", "deeper", "deepest" 852:(the present participle of 832:), used as an adjective in 589:, German refers to both as 556:Eine klug ausgereifte Idee. 448: 391:grammar of Standard Chinese 3383: 3214:Syntax–semantics interface 1948: 1483: 1398: 1164: 1147:They live in a proper town 905:Components of noun phrases 669:modifying the adjective (" 650: 602: 186: 152: 3326: 3271: 2304:Warren, Beatrice (1984). 2280:Rießler, Michael (2016). 1626: 1583: 1511: 1472:was there" and "the man, 1365:do not—but sometimes the 1314:"little", "less", "least" 673:strong"), or one or more 443: 263:. For example: "I put my 2634:Exceptional case-marking 1850:Predication (philosophy) 1341:"old", "elder", "eldest" 1330:"old", "older", "oldest" 1297:"good", "better", "best" 871:phrases (as in "a rebel 844:(the past participle of 828:(the past participle of 749:behavioral (behavioural) 697:Other modifiers of nouns 352:Adjectives feature as a 187:ἐπίθετον ὄνομα (surname) 79:Here are some examples: 2268:. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 2121:1, no. 1 (1977): 19–80. 2033:Bowern, Claire (2013). 1979:Mastronarde, Donald J. 1964:A Greek–English Lexicon 1810:is privative because a 1486:Agreement (linguistics) 1300:"bad", "worse", "worst" 1129:postpositive adjectives 887:phrases (as in "a cake 786:'little' in the phrase 283:Postpositive adjectives 267:into the car", wherein 2440:Initial-stress-derived 2306:Classifying adjectives 2288:Language Science Press 1600:(good girl, feminine) 1586:(good boy, masculine) 1460: 1454: 1387: 1373:adjectives are called 1278:below), respectively: 591: 585: 579: 573: 555: 539: 507:is an adjective in "a 499:, which mainly modify 438: 432: 426: 378: 319:Nominalized adjectives 304:Predicative expression 257:Prepositive adjectives 231: 172: 2951:Inclusive / Exclusive 2334:10.1075/sl.10.2.05wie 2283:Adjective Attribution 1955:Liddell, Henry George 1155:tell me something new 540:Eine kluge neue Idee. 412:being an adjective), 356:(word class) in most 144:times. (quantitative) 18:Attributive adjective 2239:10.1075/sl.1.1.04dix 1666:Die Jungen sind brav 1648:Les garçons sont bon 1289:Some adjectives are 1167:Comparison (grammar) 1161:Comparison (degrees) 919:Cambridge Dictionary 897:that I would do that 820:Many languages have 797:'man' in the phrase 727:eater") or semantic 719:clothes"), semantic 595:("property words"). 586:adjektivische Formen 2831:Relative subsective 2724:Regular / Irregular 2569:Andative / Venitive 2405:Abstract / Concrete 2322:Studies in Language 2227:Studies in Language 2118:Studies in Language 2104:Order of adjectives 1996:McMenomy, Bruce A. 1437:with great acumen." 1409:may be used either 571:A German word like 469:Japanese adjectives 372:. In the phrase "a 159:Noun § History 2390:and their features 2388:Lexical categories 2106:, British Council. 2035:A grammar of Bardi 1930:A Latin Dictionary 1774:carnivorous mammal 739:from nouns, as in 715:reel"), purpose (" 612:lexical categories 592:Eigenschaftswörter 382:" means "a red ". 308:Subject complement 232:nōmen substantīvum 106:Tell me something 3354: 3353: 3265:world's languages 3227: 3226: 3032:Casally modulated 2937:Formal / Informal 2826:Pure intersective 2776:Anti-intersective 2762: 2761: 2709:Preterite-present 2207:978-0-262-15044-6 2192:. The MIT Press. 2077:978-94-011-3204-6 2044:978-3-11-027818-7 1911:978-1-134-88420-9 1861:Explanatory notes 1823:possible murderer 1814:cat is not a cat. 1738: 1737: 1689: 1688: 1630:The boys are good 1604: 1603: 1551: 1550: 1474:who recognized me 1470:who recognized me 1415:non-restrictively 954:) or value (e.g. 895:(as in "the idea 703:attributive nouns 663:adjectival phrase 647:Adjective phrases 296:My kids are happy 207: 195: 16:(Redirected from 3374: 3254: 3247: 3240: 3231: 2806:Non-intersective 2489: 2381: 2374: 2367: 2358: 2337: 2301: 2261: 2242: 2212: 2211: 2180: 2174: 2165: 2159: 2147: 2141: 2140: 2128: 2122: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2090: 2089: 2063: 2057: 2056: 2030: 2021: 2010: 2001: 1994: 1988: 1977: 1971: 1951: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1922: 1916: 1915: 1894: 1874: 1871: 1855:Proper adjective 1789:skillful surgeon 1733: 1730: 1724: 1705: 1698: 1614: 1572: 1557:Celtic languages 1503: 1466:relative clauses 1463: 1461:la difícil tarea 1457: 1455:la tarea difícil 1390: 1252: 1241: 1138:attorney general 1055:extraterrestrial 881:who wasn't there 879:(as in "the man 877:relative clauses 782:, the adjective 677:(such as "worth 659:adjective phrase 653:Adjective phrase 594: 588: 582: 576: 558: 542: 481:adjectival nouns 451: 445: 441: 435: 429: 387:attributive verb 381: 237:noun substantive 234: 202: 200: 190: 188: 175: 173:nōmen adjectīvum 115: 21: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3357: 3356: 3355: 3350: 3322: 3267: 3258: 3228: 3223: 3122: 3084: 3046: 3018: 2946:Gender-specific 2893: 2840: 2758: 2644:Germanic strong 2552: 2478: 2391: 2385: 2344: 2319: 2298: 2279: 2276:. pp. 1–8. 2258: 2245: 2224: 2221: 2219:Further reading 2216: 2215: 2208: 2184:Partee, Barbara 2182: 2181: 2177: 2166: 2162: 2148: 2144: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2114: 2110: 2102: 2093: 2078: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2045: 2032: 2031: 2024: 2011: 2004: 1995: 1991: 1978: 1974: 1969:Perseus Project 1945: 1941: 1935:Perseus Project 1923: 1919: 1912: 1896: 1895: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1836: 1734: 1728: 1725: 1718: 1711:needs expansion 1696: 1488: 1482: 1403: 1401:Restrictiveness 1397: 1395:Restrictiveness 1293:in this sense: 1264: 1254: 1243: 1232: 1173: 1165:Main articles: 1163: 1133:time immemorial 913: 893:content clauses 873:without a cause 860:word" and "the 699: 679:several dollars 655: 649: 607: 601: 565:developed idea. 493: 465:Bantu languages 397:, for example. 350: 249: 198:epítheton ónoma 161: 151: 105: 54:parts of speech 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3380: 3378: 3370: 3369: 3359: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3283: 3278: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3259: 3257: 3256: 3249: 3242: 3234: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3205: 3204: 3190: 3188:Procedure word 3185: 3180: 3179: 3178: 3173: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3146:Complementizer 3143: 3142: 3141: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3094: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3056: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3028: 3026: 3020: 3019: 3017: 3016: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2942:Gender-neutral 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2907:Bound variable 2903: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2850: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2772: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2564:Ambitransitive 2560: 2558: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2506: 2501: 2495: 2493: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2476: 2471: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2401: 2399: 2393: 2392: 2386: 2384: 2383: 2376: 2369: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2343: 2342:External links 2340: 2339: 2338: 2328:(2): 353–389. 2317: 2302: 2296: 2277: 2262: 2256: 2243: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2206: 2175: 2160: 2142: 2123: 2108: 2091: 2076: 2058: 2043: 2022: 2002: 1989: 1972: 1939: 1917: 1910: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1830: 1815: 1800: 1785: 1742:Barbara Partee 1736: 1735: 1708: 1706: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1680: 1670: 1669: 1663: 1652: 1651: 1645: 1634: 1633: 1627: 1625: 1606: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1548: 1545: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1516: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1484:Main article: 1481: 1478: 1439: 1438: 1435:difficult task 1427: 1426: 1423:difficult task 1399:Main article: 1396: 1393: 1375:non-comparable 1346: 1345: 1342: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1316: 1315: 1312: 1301: 1298: 1287: 1286: 1283: 1244: 1233: 1225: 1224: 1162: 1159: 1093: 1092: 1073: 1058: 1043: 1024: 1001: 982: 967: 912: 909: 698: 695: 651:Main article: 648: 645: 603:Main article: 600: 597: 569: 568: 567: 566: 552: 551: 550: 492: 489: 487:-adjectives). 354:part of speech 349: 346: 345: 344: 328:nominalization 315: 288:room available 279: 248: 245: 241:noun adjective 150: 147: 146: 145: 135: 116: 103: 92: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3379: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3325: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3281:Orthographies 3279: 3277: 3274: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3255: 3250: 3248: 3243: 3241: 3236: 3235: 3232: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3168: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3125: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3103:Interrogative 3101: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3070:Interrogative 3068: 3066: 3065:Demonstrative 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3015: 3014:Prepositional 3011: 3007: 3004: 3002: 3001:Strong / Weak 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2966:Interrogative 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2912:Demonstrative 2910: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2879:Prepositional 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2869:Interrogative 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2791:Demonstrative 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2765: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2649:Germanic weak 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2639:Frequentative 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2579:Autocausative 2577: 2575: 2574:Anticausative 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2543:Transgressive 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2382: 2377: 2375: 2370: 2368: 2363: 2362: 2359: 2353: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2318: 2315: 2314:91-7346-133-4 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2297:9783944675657 2293: 2289: 2285: 2284: 2278: 2275: 2274:0-08-043164-X 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2257:0-08-035943-4 2253: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2222: 2218: 2209: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2190: 2185: 2179: 2176: 2172: 2171: 2167:R. Declerck, 2164: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2127: 2124: 2120: 2119: 2112: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2073: 2069: 2062: 2059: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2040: 2036: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1993: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1966: 1965: 1960: 1959:Scott, Robert 1956: 1952: 1943: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1918: 1913: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1880: 1870: 1867: 1860: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1732: 1722: 1716: 1712: 1709:This section 1707: 1704: 1700: 1699: 1693: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1487: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1462: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1424: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1411:restrictively 1408: 1402: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1338: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1292: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1253: 1247: 1242: 1236: 1231: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1212:ablative case 1209: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1172: 1168: 1160: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1125:postmodifiers 1121: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1111:as rigidly as 1108: 1104: 1103: 1097: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 980: 976: 972: 968: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 936: 935: 932: 928: 923: 921: 920: 910: 908: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 869:prepositional 865: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 834:passive voice 831: 827: 823: 818: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 764: 763:, and so on. 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 709: 708:noun adjuncts 704: 696: 694: 692: 688: 685:", or "eager 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 654: 646: 644: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 613: 606: 598: 596: 593: 587: 581: 575: 564: 560: 559: 557: 553: 548: 544: 543: 541: 537: 536: 535: 533: 529: 524: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 490: 488: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 453: 450: 440: 434: 428: 427:honger hebben 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 398: 396: 392: 388: 383: 380: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 347: 342: 338: 333: 329: 325: 321: 320: 316: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 284: 280: 277: 274: 273:my happy kids 270: 266: 262: 258: 255: 254: 253: 246: 244: 242: 238: 235:). The terms 233: 228: 226: 221: 217: 213: 212: 205: 199: 193: 184: 183:Ancient Greek 180: 176: 174: 169: 165: 160: 156: 148: 143: 139: 136: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 104: 101: 97: 94:That idea is 93: 90: 86: 82: 81: 80: 77: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 50: 48: 44: 40: 37: 33: 19: 3306:Prepositions 3290: 3260: 3202:Pro-sentence 3176:Onomatopoeia 3166:Interjection 3139:Measure word 2922:Distributive 2816:Postpositive 2796:Intersective 2767: 2749:Unaccusative 2694:Performative 2664:Intransitive 2624:Ditransitive 2450:Noun adjunct 2325: 2321: 2305: 2282: 2265: 2247: 2230: 2226: 2188: 2178: 2168: 2163: 2153: 2145: 2137:The Guardian 2136: 2126: 2116: 2111: 2067: 2061: 2034: 2020:15 May 2020. 2013: 1997: 1992: 1980: 1975: 1962: 1942: 1928: 1920: 1901: 1869: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1811: 1807: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1766:intersection 1746:intersective 1740:Semanticist 1739: 1726: 1715:adding to it 1710: 1682: 1677: 1673: 1665: 1659: 1655: 1647: 1641: 1637: 1629: 1621: 1617: 1607: 1595: 1591: 1579: 1575: 1554: 1541: 1530: 1519: 1506: 1489: 1473: 1469: 1447: 1442: 1440: 1434: 1428: 1422: 1414: 1410: 1404: 1383: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1366: 1347: 1336: 1326:variations: 1323: 1319: 1317: 1290: 1288: 1275: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1248: 1245: 1237: 1235:boordij=amba 1234: 1229: 1226: 1215: 1197: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1174: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1136: 1132: 1122: 1115: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1021:six-year-old 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 997: 993: 989: 985: 978: 974: 970: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 926: 924: 917: 914: 896: 888: 880: 872: 866: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 829: 825: 819: 798: 794: 790: 787: 783: 765: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 732: 724: 716: 712: 706: 702: 700: 690: 686: 682: 678: 670: 662: 658: 656: 640: 636: 632: 624: 620: 617:definiteness 610: 608: 570: 562: 546: 525: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 494: 484: 472: 454: 439:tener hambre 409: 405: 401: 399: 384: 351: 348:Distribution 331: 317: 312:kids, happy 311: 299: 295: 287: 281: 272: 268: 264: 261:noun phrases 256: 250: 247:Types of use 240: 236: 223: 209: 170: 163: 162: 141: 138:Clara Oswald 127: 123: 119: 112:postpositive 107: 95: 84: 78: 69: 65: 61: 51: 38: 31: 29: 3296:Determiners 3276:Phonologies 3151:Conjunction 2917:Disjunctive 2854:Conjunctive 2801:Nominalized 2704:Predicative 2548:Verbal noun 2499:Attributive 1898:Trask, R.L. 1840:Flat adverb 1778:carnivorous 1770:carnivorous 1729:August 2022 1520:puellam bon 1351:Anglo-Saxon 1272:superlative 1268:comparative 1204:superlative 1200:comparative 1193:superlative 1171:Comparative 952:interesting 799:aamba baawa 675:complements 599:Determiners 463:. However, 298:", wherein 276:noun phrase 225:substantive 166:comes from 132:substantive 100:predicative 89:attributive 74:determiners 47:noun phrase 36:abbreviated 3367:Adjectives 3291:Adjectives 3261:Adjectives 3219:Yes and no 3134:Classifier 3118:Possessive 3080:Quantifier 3075:Possessive 3052:Determiner 3024:Adposition 2996:Resumptive 2981:Reciprocal 2976:Possessive 2956:Indefinite 2884:Pronominal 2836:Subsective 2811:Possessive 2781:Collateral 2754:Unergative 2744:Transitive 2659:Inchoative 2654:Impersonal 2594:Catenative 2533:Participle 2528:Infinitive 2460:Relational 2430:Collective 2410:Adjectival 2352:Wiktionary 1925:adjectivus 1881:References 1750:subsective 1507:puella bon 1388:bellissimo 1309:determiner 1246:niwarda-go 1177:comparable 889:to die for 885:infinitive 822:participle 815:predicates 788:moorrooloo 784:moorrooloo 605:Determiner 580:adverbiale 461:derivation 457:open class 433:avoir faim 341:count noun 265:happy kids 220:declension 153:See also: 126:, and the 3341:Japanese 3209:Prop-word 3171:Ideophone 3098:Discourse 3037:Inflected 2986:Reflexive 2961:Intensive 2768:Adjective 2739:Stretched 2729:Separable 2719:Reflexive 2614:Denominal 2609:Defective 2589:Captative 2584:Auxiliary 2523:Gerundive 2513:Nonfinite 2435:Countable 2233:: 19–80. 2152:, in the 2086:851384391 2053:848086054 1762:extension 1754:privative 1694:Semantics 1683:A fiúk jó 1576:buachaill 1542:pueri bon 1492:agreement 1480:Agreement 1443:difficult 1407:modifiers 1324:irregular 1291:irregular 1230:Jalnggoon 1227:Jalnggoon 1127:, called 1113:English. 1085:passenger 979:extensive 948:beautiful 901:modifiers 811:arguments 687:to please 681:", "full 549:new idea. 446:‎ ( 358:languages 337:mass noun 216:inflected 192:romanized 164:Adjective 149:Etymology 83:That's a 32:adjective 3361:Category 3311:Pronouns 3286:Grammars 3198:Pro-verb 3193:Pro-form 3090:Particle 3042:Stranded 2991:Relative 2971:Personal 2889:Relative 2874:Locative 2864:Genitive 2689:Negative 2619:Deponent 2599:Compound 2018:archived 1949:ἐπίθετος 1900:(2013). 1834:See also 1827:murderer 1819:possible 1804:disjoint 1797:skillful 1656:Die brav 1618:The good 1592:girseach 1561:lenition 1531:puer bon 1379:absolute 1249:niwarda- 1131:, as in 1102:unmarked 1066:metallic 1051:volcanic 1047:Japanese 942:hero, a 883:"), and 838:relieved 826:relieved 803:Warlpiri 745:birdlike 713:Virginia 629:quantity 563:cleverly 477:genitive 436:", and " 362:semantic 3346:Spanish 3331:English 3263:of the 3183:Preverb 3060:Article 3006:Subject 2899:Pronoun 2734:Stative 2699:Phrasal 2674:Lexical 2629:Dynamic 2604:Copular 2504:Converb 2420:Animacy 1967:at the 1793:surgeon 1642:garçons 1638:Les bon 1450:Spanish 1320:regular 1118:fronted 1107:Tagalog 1083:cabin, 1081:hunting 1079:chair, 1077:rocking 1062:woollen 1040:spotted 1017:ancient 994:swollen 944:perfect 864:rate". 830:relieve 807:nominal 761:angelic 737:derived 729:subject 721:patient 683:of toys 667:adverbs 497:adverbs 491:Adverbs 422:Spanish 379:un rojo 324:eliding 211:epithet 206:  194::  87:idea. 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Index

Attributive adjective
abbreviated
noun
noun phrase
parts of speech
nouns
determiners
attributive
predicative
postpositive
substantive
Clara Oswald
Part of speech § History
Noun § History
Latin
calque
Ancient Greek
romanized
lit.
epithet
inflected
declension
substantive
noun phrases
noun phrase
Postpositive adjectives
copula
Predicative expression
Subject complement
Nominalized adjectives

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