408:, and viewing devices other than televisions. As new ways of measurement became available and users could be monitored for content and use, concern arose that sampling techniques might become obsolete. The increasing fragmentation of viewing with different technologies posed difficulties in reporting viewer numbers for content. Nielsen began rolling out its "anytime anywhere media measurement" initiative in 2010, which includes DVR views in its television figures. GTAM (Global Television Audience Metering) is based on the development of audience-metering technology to deal with the challenges in measuring the viewing behavior of consumer households across several platforms (TV, Internet, mobile devices). A/P meters would be replaced by GTAM meters, which were expected to use a combination of active and passive measurement technologies. Unlike A/P meters, however, they would not require a physical connection to a media device.
721:
729:
333:(LPM) technology. The LPM marked the shift from active, diary-based local measurement to passive, meter-monitored measurement of local markets. Technologically, the LPM is similar to the original Nielsen People Meter; the key advance was that the LPM provided accurate measurements of local markets. The LPM system has allowed the industry to measure year-round, rather than the quarterly "sweeps" periods. Researchers believed that the LPM more accurately reported the full range of programming watched, including channel-surfing.
1855:"Content power is measured by CJ E&M and Nielsen Korea, and the ratings system integrates different types of media and measures consumer activities around a certain product. Three different items are taken into account: the issue ranking that analyzes the number of people who read news related to the program, the search ranking that measures the number of people who searched for the site on portal sites, and a buzz ranking that a program has on SNS." See:
1037:. Kantar has a nationwide panel of 2,609 urban and rural homes that represent the Philippine TV-viewing population; AGB Nielsen reportedly has 1,980 homes in urban areas that represent 57 percent of the viewing population. Kantar Media covers 15.135 million households (75 million people); AGB covers 7.26 million households, or 34.4 million people. Radio measurement is by AGB Nielsen, Kantar Media Philippines (at the request of the
534:
ratings point represented 1,096,000 households for the 2004–05 season. When used for a broadcast program, the average rating for the duration of the show is typically given. Ratings points are often used for specific demographics, rather than households. For example, a ratings point for the key 18- to 49-year-old demographic is equivalent to one percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds in the country.
36:
138:
553:(TRPs) are chiefly used to measure the performance of TV-based advertising campaigns, and are the sum of the TVRs of each commercial spot of the campaign. An ad campaign might require a certain number of GRPs in a particular demographic for the duration of the campaign. The GRP of a campaign is the percentage of viewers multiplied by the average number of ads viewed.
326:, it allowed Nielsen to establish diary reports that presented insight into the audience. According to Lotz, the Nielsen sample included approximately 1,700 audimeter homes and a rotating panel of approximately 850 diary respondents. Nielsen was the controlling factor of audience measurement for national network television.
537:
A Rtg or TVR differs from a share point in being the percentage of all households; a share point is one percent of all households watching television at the time. The share of a broadcast is often significantly higher than the rating, especially when overall TV viewing is low. A low share may lead to
699:
Data collected by people meters is available the morning after programs have aired, but data collected in diaries requires more time to analyse. Radio surveys, still used for radio ratings in a number of countries, are normally available quarterly. The time lag in reporting fails to give advertisers
707:
Surveying listeners for preferences has been criticised as inflexible. Listeners complain that radio lacks variety and depth, but measurement methods facilitate further refinement of already-minutely-programmed formats rather than an overhaul. In the US, listeners hear old favorites rather than new
533:
A ratings point is a measure of viewership of a television show. One television ratings point (Rtg or TVR) represents one percent of television households in the surveyed area in a given minute. In 2004, there were an estimated 109.6 million television households in the United States; one national
399:
seemed incompatible with a
Nielsen box, which was designed to measure the frequency of a television signal to ascertain the channel being viewed. Since a DVR always produces the same frequency, an active-passive (A/P) meter could be developed to read audio tracks of a particular program instead of
321:
writes that during the 1960s and 1970s, Nielsen introduced the
Storage Instantaneous Audimeter, a device that sent daily viewing information to the company's computers using phone lines and made national daily ratings available by 1973. Although the audimeters did not supply sufficient information
360:
The introduction of digital terrestrial television (DTT) complicates audience measurement. In a multisignal context, with new content in front of technological convergence, the correct representation of viewing behaviors faces methodological challenges. New methodologies (audio or video matching,
742:
In most countries, the advertising industry endorses a media-research company as its provider of audience measurement. The methodology used by the provider becomes known as the "industry currency" for audience measurement. Industry members fund audience research and share the findings. In a few
695:
Audiences often use several media at the same time; a teenager might be plugged into a radio with earphones while working on the
Internet, where they are scanning online newspapers and magazines. Media research companies were poorly equipped for the challenge of simultaneous consumption across
746:
Four methods of data collection are used to survey broadcast audiences: interviews, diaries, meters, and scanning and modelling. Research companies use different methodologies, depending on where (and when) media is used and the cost of data collection. All methods involve
767:, and Regional TAM serves regions serviced by three commercial networks. Ratings are collected year-round, but findings are not made public for about 10 weeks in the summer to allow the networks to experiment with schedules. Radio surveys are conducted by
708:
music. Data obtained by some audience-measurement methods is detailed for individual songs and how they are reacted to by each age, racial, and economic group the station seeks to attract. This approach leads to recognizable songs (such as those by
1593:
386:
award fewer of their "votes" to the big hits and more to specialized niche choices. According to
Anderson, people always wanted more choices but their desires were obscured by distribution bottlenecks imposed by cost or locality.
691:
enable consumers to choose where to access content. Media research companies have been forced to devise new methodologies capable of tracking new and unprecedented viewing habits across a diverse range of different platforms.
287:, and subjectivity. Data is collected down to the level of listener opinion of individual songs cross-referenced against age, race, and economic status in listening sessions sponsored by oldies- and mix-formatted stations.
703:
Other questions have been raised about diary-based data-collection methods. The expectation that diarists participating in a radio sample will accurately record their listening at 15-minute intervals has been challenged.
743:
countries where the industry is fragmented or where there is no industry association, two or more competing organisations may provide audience measurement services; such countries are said to have no industry currency.
1582:
361:
water marketing) are needed to measure digital television audiences. Measurement with audimeters faces the dual challenges of analog and digital measurement in a mixed television broadcast.
679:, which recorded household viewing by noting the station to which a TV was tuned, failed to capture new viewing habits such as recording programs for playback at a later time or watching a
668:
Standard audience surveys collect data on audience size and basic demographics. Audience quality is inferred from an audience's demographic profile, but do not measure audience engagement.
2314:
1776:
1868:
1457:
1272:
1102:, television measurement is by AGB Nielsen (formerly Media Service Korea) and TNmS Media (formerly TNS Korea). AGB Nielsen also handles Internet content measurement with the help of
288:
1041:(KBP, Association of Broadcasters of the Philippines) and Radio Research Council), and the Philippine Survey and Research Center (PSRC). Print measurement is by AGB Nielsen,
1798:
1544:
1368:
720:
2375:
2334:
2474:
2329:
1728:
458:, which measure hits on Internet pages. Visible Measures focuses on measuring online video consumption and distribution across all video advertising and content.
2395:
1665:
1316:
2344:
1842:
1561:
1214:
1909:
1812:
1150:
1038:
2354:
1768:
2339:
2286:
1858:
1520:
1453:
1390:
2319:
1703:
1268:
53:
2385:
1412:
1345:
1209:
943:
2436:
2426:
728:
2276:
2266:
313:
has relied on sampling to obtain estimated audience sizes in which advertisers determine the value of such acquisitions. According to
2431:
177:
119:
2421:
2416:
100:
426:
website's popularity. With the increased popularity of webinars and video conferencing due to the remote work requirements of the
72:
489:
by social-media interaction. According to the study, half of the shows on
Networked Insights' top-10 list did not appear on the
2102:
1790:
374:
1541:
1360:
329:
Networks blamed
Nielsen for inaccurate rating measurements in the mid-2000s, and the company implemented its automated Local
57:
79:
2459:
751:: taking a representative sample of the population, recording media use, and extrapolating it to the general population.
159:
148:
2212:
1902:
1720:
1309:
1454:"Nielsen Unveiling Suite Of Next-Generation TV Meters: Designed To Enhance Compliance, Cross-Platform Measurement Too"
86:
1103:
1657:
1498:
858:
measures TV and radio; its subsidiary, NLogic, is one of several companies that provide software for analyzing data.
46:
2408:
2349:
2177:
2030:
1955:
1567:
155:
68:
1834:
2469:
1030:
382:
writes: "For some internet-based businesses, locality no longer regulates the market." Offered wider choices,
2182:
2025:
1919:
1895:
1078:
1034:
379:
1113:, digital-signage audience measurement is by aiTech. Radio and television measurements are by Infortecnica.
2299:
2281:
2172:
2057:
1960:
1935:
1177:
870:
818:
768:
490:
447:
396:
304:
1820:
1066:, TV-audience measurement is by Nielsen Audience Measurement. Internet audience measurement is by Gemius.
2464:
2309:
2192:
2052:
2005:
748:
338:
2167:
2157:
2010:
1950:
1945:
1135:
1081:
is by ESPAR Analytics in cooperation with TNS Gallup, and digital signage is measured by gocount.net.
1042:
976:
844:
462:'s Cross Media Measurement Solutions measures offline sales after TV, Internet, and mobile exposure.
364:
Because of the
Internet, many businesses can sell outside their local markets. This helps them offer
1528:
415:
2390:
2359:
2112:
2020:
1995:
1382:
822:
814:
TV and radio measurements are by GfK at the request of
Centrum voor Informatie over de Media (CIM).
550:
93:
2207:
2122:
2097:
2069:
2042:
1977:
1189:
546:
2324:
946:. IRS (Indian Readership Survey) is the industry currency for newspaper and magazine readership.
932:
1630:
Webster, J., Phalen, P. and Lichty, L., "'Ratings
Analysis: Audience Measurement and Analytics,
2197:
2162:
2092:
1699:
1695:
1688:
910:
764:
556:
Net reach is the total of all audiences exposed to a vehicle, excluding duplicate viewership.
427:
350:
259:
1416:
1341:
954:
2304:
2117:
1965:
486:
242:
people are listening. In some parts of the world, the resulting numbers are referred to as
2240:
2202:
2137:
2037:
2000:
1927:
1548:
1120:, TNS collects radio survey data and Nielsen Media collects data for television audiences.
874:
779:
684:
478:
346:
310:
1361:"Television Audience Measurement: Proposals of the Industry in the Era of Digitalization"
2250:
2132:
2127:
2107:
2082:
2077:
2015:
1990:
1236:
1146:
965:
888:
482:
470:
318:
1088:, measurement is by GfK at the request of Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA).
2453:
2294:
2271:
2187:
2149:
2087:
1940:
1173:
1139:
443:
401:
291:
was the first real-time service for audience measurement in the world, beginning in
2245:
2047:
1117:
1005:
983:
676:
474:
365:
330:
323:
255:
247:
227:
292:
986:, measurement is by GfK at the request of Saudi Media Measurement Company (SMMC).
505:
of a show's audience is also measured, and is often notated in abbreviated form:
279:
was one of the first methods of recording information. However, this is prone to
1185:
1099:
1026:
1019:
1012:
734:
709:
502:
466:
369:
231:
223:
35:
671:
Audience-research methods were questioned during the 1990s with the arrival of
2235:
1074:
994:
972:
899:
688:
485:. Networked Insights measures online audiences, and released a report ranking
431:
419:
400:
the frequency of the television signal. Other challenges to the industry were
395:
New digital technology initially complicated in-home measurement systems. The
342:
284:
205:
17:
1004:, two companies provide data using different methodologies: GfK Malaysia and
1162:
1085:
990:
786:
756:
672:
465:
Sightcorp, TruMedia, Quividi, relEYEble, stickyPiXEL, Cognitec, goCount and
446:
audiences with telephone and
Internet surveys. Nielsen BuzzMetrics measures
411:
212:
1859:"'High School: Love On' ranks #1 in content power for the 2nd week of July"
1199:, TV measurement is by VIETNAM-TAM (MIC, Nielsen and AMI) and Kantar Media.
1494:
1192:
uses audience-measurement technology to build reports for digital signage.
1887:
1181:
1166:
1092:
1056:
1049:
1001:
862:
840:
451:
405:
383:
334:
216:
194:
1296:
Managing Television News: A Handbook for Ethical and Effective Producing
368:
items that would face challenges in finding customers in their specific
1863:
1590:
ESOMAR Worldwide Audience Measurement Cross Media/Television Conference
1196:
921:
895:
881:
855:
811:
800:
793:
680:
455:
2380:
1985:
1769:"KBP commissions Kantar Media as radio audience measurement provider"
1131:
1124:
1070:
1063:
1052:, TV-audience measurement is by Gallup BRB & Medialogic Pakistan.
928:
906:
851:
829:
775:
1022:, GfK measures radio audiences and ACB McNair measures TV audiences.
1255:
Audience Economics: Media Institutions and the Audience Marketplace
1161:
with a diary system. The NRS (National Readership Survey) measures
1158:
1154:
1127:, TV-audience measurement is by MMS (Mediamätning i Skandinavien).
1110:
961:
950:
939:
866:
833:
760:
727:
719:
700:
sufficient lead time to take corrective action during a campaign.
675:, particularly digital media, and changes in public media habits.
430:, a set of direct and anonymous audience engagement tools such as
354:
280:
276:
198:
1242:. New York, NY: New York University Press. pp. 196–197, 199.
450:. Other companies collecting information on Internet use include
914:
789:, radio and television measurement is by Ibope and Infortecnica.
759:, television ratings are collected by three main organizations.
423:
226:. The term is sometimes used with regard to practices that help
1891:
1438:
Straubhaar, Joseph; LaRose, Robert; Davenport, Lucinda (2013).
1383:"Why DVR Ratings Increases Matter, and Why They Don't – TVLine"
1413:"Dave Zornow Articles: Nielsen's Active/Passive Digital Meter"
804:
796:, television ratings are collected by Admosphere-Armenia CJSC.
687:(VoD) enables consumers to decide when to watch programs, and
459:
131:
29:
27:
Assessment of the scale and composition of the target audience
807:
at the request of Verein Arbeitsgemeinschaft TELETEST (AGTT).
1521:"Measuring the Social Report #1: Network Television Ratings"
1269:"People Meter Technology Brings Miami More Accurate Ratings"
2315:
Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey
1658:"Exclusive: Simultaneous media use rife, new study finds"
1294:
Silcock, B. William; Heider, Don; Rogus, Mary T. (2009).
1813:"Summit Media gains market share in latest TNS Survey -"
1581:
Moyano, Patricio; Muñoz, Orlando; Selman, Elias (2005).
1480:
1342:"The Television Audience Measurement in the Digital Age"
349:
embedded in broadcasts by an encoder on each station or
1440:
Media Now: Understanding Media, Culture, and Technology
1045:, and Strategic Consumer and Media Incorporated (SCMI).
825:
is the provider of TAM ratings (TV meters and diaries).
1495:"Awards case study:The GfK NOP Media Efficiency Panel"
724:
Audience viewership of TV programs in Italy since 1987
712:) which score well with a cross-section of listeners.
683:
or download on a device such as a tablet or computer.
1481:"Direct live engagement platform for small audiences"
158:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
1791:"Radyo5 92.3 News FM remains number one on the road"
891:, television ratings are collected by Mediaresearch.
2381:
European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research
2368:
2259:
2223:
2148:
2068:
1976:
1926:
1073:TV, radio, press, and Internet measurements are by
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1687:
1583:"Estimation method for media audience duplication"
1235:
418:as a form of audience measurement and determining
469:provide real-time audience data, including size,
2376:American Association for Public Opinion Research
2335:National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
1149:, television measurement is administered by the
1298:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
250:is used. This broader meaning is also known as
2330:List of household surveys in the United States
2396:World Association for Public Opinion Research
1903:
8:
2345:Suffolk University Political Research Center
1015:press, TV and radio measurements are by GfK.
1835:"PDI beats combined readership of 2 rivals"
1340:Buzeta, Cristian; Moyano, Patricio (2013).
696:several platforms, but is slowly adapting.
1910:
1896:
1888:
1563:What is Television Rating Point TRP ?
1257:. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
1215:List of most-watched television broadcasts
942:, television ratings are collected by the
442:Nielsen//NetRatings measures Internet and
968:handles radio and television measurement.
909:, radio and television measurement is by
481:to detect, track and classify viewers of
178:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1039:Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas
558:
154:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2355:Quinnipiac University Polling Institute
1226:
1184:), and digital signage by TruMedia and
258:, which corresponds to large and small
2475:Promotion and marketing communications
2340:New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study
2287:Comparative Study of Electoral Systems
1731:from the original on November 13, 2016
353:, and has been used to track in-store
1238:The Television Will Be Revolutionized
1180:(the radio component was formerly by
1151:Broadcasters' Audience Research Board
836:provides measurement services for TV.
315:The Television Will Be Revolutionized
193:calculates how many people are in an
7:
1460:from the original on 17 October 2014
1393:from the original on 17 October 2014
1095:, TV-audience measurement is by TNS.
1059:, TV-audience measurement is by GfK.
1008:. Radio surveys are by GfK Malaysia.
924:, TV audience measurement is by GfK.
865:, television measurement is done by
246:; in other places, the broader term
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2386:International Statistical Institute
1745:London, Routledge, 1995, pp 119-120
1621:London, Routledge, 1995, pp 123-124
1210:Internet radio audience measurement
993:, TV and radio measurements are by
944:Broadcast Audience Research Council
880:Finnpanel measures radio and TV in
782:provides radio and TV measurements.
2277:American National Election Studies
2267:List of comparative social surveys
1871:from the original on July 28, 2014
1599:from the original on 24 April 2016
1501:from the original on 28 March 2013
1275:from the original on 16 March 2014
538:the cancellation of a TV program.
414:software can be equipped with the
254:. Measurements are broken down by
25:
1719:Fisher, Marc (January 21, 2007),
1527:. 28 October 2008. Archived from
1442:. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.
1176:, TV and radio measurement is by
1845:from the original on 2015-06-30.
1801:from the original on 2015-06-23.
1779:from the original on 2016-01-28.
1632:New York, Routledge, 2014, p. 35
1371:from the original on 2017-02-13.
1348:from the original on 2017-02-13.
769:Nielsen Media Research Australia
136:
34:
1758:London, Routledge, 1995, p. 123
1668:from the original on 2018-01-05
1646:London, Routledge, 1995, p. 126
1497:. The Market Research Society.
1322:from the original on 2011-03-12
1104:CJ E&M Smart Media Division
935:(Nielsen Audience Measurement).
375:Journal of Advertising Research
45:needs additional citations for
1656:Cuneo, A.Z. (7 October 2002).
515:P18–49 = Persons aged 18 to 49
512:P12–34 = Persons aged 12 to 34
434:and Actymeter became popular.
1:
953:, TV measurement has been by
931:television measurement is by
913:; newspaper readership is by
518:A18–34 = Adults aged 18 to 34
1721:"The Songs You Want to Hear"
1138:(Kantar Media) and radio by
509:P2+ = Persons aged 2 or more
309:The audience measurement of
2320:International Social Survey
1857:jennywill (July 28, 2014).
1547:September 23, 2010, at the
1542:NBC Universal Press release
422:, a rough measurement of a
2491:
1253:Napoli, Philip M. (2003).
898:, radio measurement is by
873:. Radio measurement is by
302:
238:is listening, rather than
211:, but also in relation to
2404:
2350:The Phillips Academy Poll
2178:Exploratory data analysis
2031:Sample size determination
1756:The Advertising Handbook,
1743:The Advertising Handbook,
1694:. Random House. pp.
1644:The Advertising Handbook,
1619:The Advertising Handbook,
197:, usually in relation to
1551:, accessed 1 April 2011.
1359:Portilla, Idoia (2015).
1153:via a metered panel and
1031:Kantar Media Philippines
448:consumer-generated media
2291:Emerson College Polling
2183:Multivariate statistics
2026:Nonprobability sampling
1134:, TV measurement is by
1079:Out-of-home advertising
1035:AGB Nielsen Philippines
1029:, TV measurement is by
975:, TV measurement is by
847:TV PLAN with TV meters.
2300:European Social Survey
2282:Asian Barometer Survey
2173:Descriptive statistics
2058:Cross-sequential study
2011:Simple random sampling
1178:Nielsen Media Research
819:Bosnia and Herzegovina
739:
725:
491:Nielsen Media Research
345:to pick up and record
305:Nielsen Media Research
69:"Audience measurement"
2310:General Social Survey
2193:Statistical inference
2053:Cross-sectional study
1686:Fisher, Marc (2007).
1234:Lotz, Amanda (2007).
731:
723:
416:HitCounters extension
339:Portable People Meter
2460:Audience measurement
2231:Audience measurement
2168:Level of measurement
2001:Sampling for surveys
1690:Something in the Air
957:since November 1986.
845:Taylor Nelson Sofres
803:, measurement is by
716:Companies by country
551:target rating points
191:Audience measurement
147:factual accuracy is
54:improve this article
2391:Pew Research Center
2360:World Values Survey
2103:Specification error
2021:Stratified sampling
1841:. 3 November 2014.
1725:The Washington Post
1389:. 18 October 2012.
823:Mareco Index Bosnia
547:Gross rating points
222:and, increasingly,
2198:Statistical models
2098:Non-sampling error
1996:Statistical sample
1936:Collection methods
1817:SummitMedia.com.ph
1310:"James G. Webster"
765:metropolitan areas
740:
726:
260:metropolitan areas
2447:
2446:
2163:Contingency table
2138:Processing errors
2123:Non-response bias
2113:Measurement error
2093:Systematic errors
1773:adobomagazine.com
1705:978-0-375-50907-0
1479:Sophie, Schwarz.
738:from 1993 to 1998
661:
660:
574:Total duplication
428:COVID-19 pandemic
252:audience research
188:
187:
180:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2482:
2158:Categorical data
1912:
1905:
1898:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1819:. Archived from
1809:
1803:
1802:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1765:
1759:
1752:
1746:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1693:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1653:
1647:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1598:
1587:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1566:, archived from
1558:
1552:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1415:. Archived from
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1314:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1231:
839:The provider of
559:
487:television shows
483:digital displays
347:subaudible tones
183:
176:
172:
169:
163:
160:reliably sourced
140:
139:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2470:Market research
2450:
2449:
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2006:Random sampling
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1956:Semi-structured
1928:Data collection
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843:TAM ratings is
718:
685:Video on Demand
666:
544:
531:
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479:video analytics
454:, Wakoopa, and
440:
393:
322:about audience
311:U.S. television
307:
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2135:
2133:Pseudo-opinion
2130:
2128:Coverage error
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2083:Standard error
2080:
2078:Sampling error
2074:
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2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2035:
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2028:
2023:
2018:
2016:Quota sampling
2013:
2008:
1998:
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1991:Sampling frame
1988:
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1968:
1963:
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1826:
1823:on 2015-06-23.
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1531:on 2009-01-22.
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966:Video Research
958:
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892:
889:Czech Republic
885:
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859:
848:
837:
826:
815:
808:
797:
790:
783:
772:
732:Viewership of
717:
714:
665:
662:
659:
658:
655:
652:
649:
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632:
629:
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519:
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510:
498:
495:
471:attention span
439:
436:
392:
389:
380:Chris Anderson
319:Amanda D. Lotz
300:
297:
272:
269:
267:
264:
244:audience share
186:
185:
144:
142:
135:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
18:Audience share
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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2295:Eurobarometer
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2272:Afrobarometer
2270:
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2260:Major surveys
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2188:Psychometrics
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2150:Data analysis
2147:
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2088:Sampling bias
2086:
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2079:
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2073:
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2070:Survey errors
2067:
2059:
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2032:
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2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
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1981:
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1941:Questionnaire
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1796:
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1778:
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1770:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1754:Brierly, S.,
1751:
1748:
1744:
1741:Brierly, S.,
1738:
1735:
1730:
1726:
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1715:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1682:
1679:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1642:Brierly, S.,
1639:
1636:
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1627:
1624:
1620:
1617:Brierly, S.,
1614:
1611:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1570:on 2011-08-30
1569:
1565:
1564:
1557:
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1550:
1546:
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1538:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1525:Social Sights
1522:
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1500:
1496:
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1487:
1482:
1475:
1472:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1434:
1431:
1419:on 2014-03-16
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1187:
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1174:United States
1171:
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737:
736:
730:
722:
715:
713:
711:
705:
701:
697:
693:
690:
686:
682:
678:
677:People meters
674:
669:
663:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
640:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
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584:
581:
580:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
560:
557:
554:
552:
548:
542:GRPs and TRPs
541:
539:
535:
529:Ratings point
528:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
507:
506:
504:
496:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:digital media
437:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
407:
403:
402:digital cable
398:
390:
388:
385:
381:
377:
376:
371:
367:
362:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
325:
320:
316:
312:
306:
298:
296:
294:
290:
286:
285:forgetfulness
282:
278:
270:
265:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
218:
214:
210:
207:
203:
200:
196:
192:
182:
179:
171:
161:
157:
151:
150:
143:
134:
133:
124:
121:
113:
110:February 2008
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2465:Broadcasting
2369:Associations
2246:Opinion poll
2230:
2224:Applications
2048:Cohort study
1961:Unstructured
1873:. Retrieved
1862:
1851:
1839:inquirer.net
1838:
1829:
1821:the original
1816:
1807:
1794:
1785:
1772:
1763:
1755:
1750:
1742:
1737:
1724:
1714:
1689:
1681:
1670:. Retrieved
1661:
1651:
1643:
1638:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1589:
1576:
1568:the original
1562:
1556:
1537:
1529:the original
1524:
1515:
1503:. Retrieved
1489:
1474:
1462:. Retrieved
1448:
1439:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1417:the original
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1386:
1377:
1364:
1354:
1335:
1324:. Retrieved
1304:
1295:
1289:
1277:. Retrieved
1263:
1254:
1248:
1237:
1229:
1118:South Africa
1006:Kantar Media
984:Saudi Arabia
745:
741:
733:
706:
702:
698:
694:
670:
667:
555:
545:
536:
532:
500:
497:Demographics
493:(NMR) list.
475:demographics
464:
441:
410:
394:
373:
363:
359:
331:People Meter
328:
324:demographics
314:
308:
274:
256:media market
251:
248:market share
243:
239:
235:
228:broadcasters
219:
208:
202:listenership
201:
190:
189:
174:
168:January 2017
165:
146:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2305:Gallup Poll
2108:Frame error
2043:Panel study
1978:Methodology
1190:Stratacache
1186:CognoVision
1169:readership.
1100:South Korea
1027:Philippines
1020:New Zealand
1013:Netherlands
911:Médiamétrie
735:The X-Files
710:the Beatles
689:smartphones
571:Duplication
568:Total reach
565:Gross reach
524:Women 18–34
503:demographic
467:CognoVision
370:market area
232:advertisers
224:web traffic
2454:Categories
2437:Statistics
2427:Psychology
2236:Demography
2213:Structural
2208:Log-linear
1951:Structured
1672:2018-01-04
1505:9 December
1464:13 October
1423:13 October
1397:13 October
1326:2014-03-16
1279:13 October
1221:References
1075:TNS Gallup
995:TNS Gallup
973:Kazakhstan
933:AGB Hellas
900:TNS Gallup
577:Net reach
549:(GRPs) or
432:Mentimeter
420:wikiFactor
343:microphone
303:See also:
299:Electronic
234:determine
220:readership
209:viewership
206:television
80:newspapers
2432:Sociology
2413:Projects
2203:Graphical
1946:Interview
1163:newspaper
1086:Singapore
991:Lithuania
841:Bulgarian
787:Argentina
757:Australia
673:new media
664:Criticism
521:Men 18–34
438:New media
412:MediaWiki
384:consumers
372:. In the
295:in 1942.
293:SĂŁo Paulo
213:newspaper
156:talk page
2422:Politics
2417:Business
2409:Category
1875:July 28,
1869:Archived
1843:Archived
1799:Archived
1777:Archived
1729:archived
1666:Archived
1603:14 April
1594:Archived
1545:Archived
1499:Archived
1458:Archived
1391:Archived
1369:Archived
1365:Tripodos
1346:Archived
1317:Archived
1273:Archived
1204:See also
1182:Arbitron
1167:magazine
1093:Slovakia
1057:Portugal
1050:Pakistan
1002:Malaysia
863:Colombia
749:sampling
477:, using
452:comScore
406:Internet
391:Software
335:Arbitron
281:mistakes
240:how many
217:magazine
195:audience
149:disputed
1918:Social
1864:Allkpop
1696:271–277
1197:Vietnam
1172:In the
1145:In the
1140:Nielsen
1025:In the
1011:In the
955:Auditel
922:Germany
896:Denmark
887:In the
882:Finland
871:Nielsen
856:Numeris
812:Belgium
801:Austria
794:Armenia
763:serves
681:podcast
654:(2,200)
651:(1,000)
634:(1,200)
456:Hitwise
351:network
341:uses a
271:Diaries
266:Methods
94:scholar
1986:Census
1966:Couple
1702:
1387:TVLine
1367:(36).
1132:Turkey
1125:Sweden
1071:Russia
1064:Poland
929:Greece
907:France
852:Canada
830:Brazil
776:Israel
657:3,500
642:Week 4
637:3,300
622:Week 3
617:2,700
602:Week 2
597:1,000
582:Week 1
404:, the
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1662:AdAge
1597:(PDF)
1586:(PDF)
1320:(PDF)
1313:(PDF)
1159:RAJAR
1155:radio
1111:Spain
962:Japan
951:Italy
940:India
867:IBOPE
834:IBOPE
761:OzTAM
648:5,700
645:1,200
631:(900)
628:4,500
625:1,500
614:(300)
611:(300)
608:3,000
605:2,000
588:1,000
585:1,000
562:Weeks
366:niche
355:radio
289:IBOPE
277:diary
199:radio
101:JSTOR
87:books
1877:2014
1700:ISBN
1605:2016
1507:2014
1466:2014
1425:2014
1399:2014
1281:2014
1165:and
1033:and
915:EPIQ
875:ECAR
869:and
780:MBER
501:The
473:and
424:wiki
275:The
230:and
215:and
204:and
73:news
1195:In
1157:by
1136:TNS
1130:In
1123:In
1116:In
1109:In
1098:In
1091:In
1084:In
1069:In
1062:In
1055:In
1048:In
1043:TNS
1018:In
1000:In
989:In
982:In
977:TNS
971:In
960:In
949:In
938:In
927:In
920:In
905:In
894:In
861:In
850:In
828:In
817:In
810:In
805:GfK
799:In
792:In
785:In
774:In
755:In
460:GfK
397:DVR
337:'s
236:who
56:by
2456::
1867:.
1861:.
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