2241:
2247:
147:
2265:
588:, would qualify as members of the family. Nevertheless, enantiornithean taxonomy is notably difficult to resolve, and some analyses on enantiornitheans have not resolved the family. However, this may be due to such analyses focusing on early Cretaceous enantiornitheans (which are numerous and well-preserved) rather than fragmentary late Cretaceous taxa, such as most avisaurids. Another member of Avisauridae is,
124:
974:
468:
edge of this bone's trochlea (toe joint) has a bony tab which points downward, known as a plantar projection. The innermost bone of the tarsometatarsus, metatarsal I, is small, laterally compressed (flattened from side-to-side), and J-shaped from the side. It is connected to a reversed hallux sporting a very large and curved claw.
467:
Unlike in some prehistoric birds, avisaurid tarsometatarsals were not completely fused, with the distal (outer) parts of the metatarsals being separate from each other. The proximal (near) half of metatarsal III (the long bone in the middle of the tarsometatarsus) is convex from the front. The inside
443:
period, distinguished by several features of their ankle bones. Depending on the definition used, Avisauridae is either a broad and widespread group of advanced enantiornithines (following Cau & Arduini, 2008), or a small family within that group, restricted to species from the Late
Cretaceous of
521:, as well as various Cretaceous bird groups. Avisaurids also had a thin metatarsal IV (the outermost long bone of the tarsometatarsus) and a bony knob on the front of metatarsal II (the most innermost long bone of the tarsometatarsus) for the insertion of
494:(the only avisaurid known at that time), only the proximal parts of the metatarsals were fused, the proximal part of metatarsal III was wide, and the hypotarsus (a wide ridge extending down the back of the tarsometatarsus) was poorly developed.
487:
in 1985. At that time the family consisted of a few fossils that they believed belonged to small non-avian dinosaurs. They doubted that these fossils belonged to birds due to the presence of several features of the tarsometatarsus. In
452:
Avisaurids were among the largest and last enantiornithines to have lived, although they are also among the most poorly preserved. The majority of them are known primarily from fossilized
460:(the bones which comprise the foot in humans). As a result, members of this family are distinguished from other enantiornithines exclusively by features of the tarsometatarsal and pedal
953:
886:"Enantiophoenix electrophyla gen. et sp. nov. (Aves, Enantiornithes) from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Lebanon and its phylogenetic relationships"
1071:
Wang, Hu; Li, Zhiheng (2015). "A new small enantiornithine bird from the Jehol Biota, with implications for early evolution of avian skull morphology".
475:
with a large claw — that indicated the ability to perch in trees. They argued that an arboreal habit was most likely for all of the
Avisauridae.
582:
to this group, although the erection of that name has been criticized by Cau. Under this broader definition, several other enantiornitheans, such as
2345:
1116:
2422:
471:
Chiappe and Calvo (1994) found that the
Avisauridae shared adaptations of the foot — including a fully reversed and distally placed
550:
plus all its descendants. In 2008, the family was given a broader definition courtesy of Cau and
Arduini. They redefined the group as
2240:
994:
Brett-Surman, Michael K.; Paul, Gregory S. (1985). "A new family of bird-like dinosaurs linking
Laurasia and Gondwanaland".
1028:
L.M. Chiappe. 1993. "Enantiornithine (Aves) tarsometatarsi from the
Cretaceous Lecho Formation of northwestern Argentina".
2246:
515:
in 1992. He noted that the features used to exclude avisaurids from birds are in fact present in some early birds such as
1109:
1047:
146:
2417:
2268:
1213:
523:
1102:
2285:
1736:
2384:
2371:
1787:
592:, due to its pectoral skeleton, it's likely that it could not fly, however, it may have glided like the
1673:
2332:
1687:
1267:
288:
1356:
2412:
954:
Enantiornithine (Aves) Tarsometatarsi from the
Cretaceous Lecho Formation of Northwestern Argentina
1524:
280:
2015:
1883:
1840:
1766:
1240:
1011:
388:
141:
2389:
2022:
1743:
2376:
1715:
2358:
1559:
1419:
890:
Atti della
Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Ivico di Storia Naturale in Milano
2363:
2323:
1384:
1080:
1003:
928:
920:
853:
844:
Gareth J. Dyke; Attila Ősi (2010). "A review of Late
Cretaceous fossil birds from Hungary".
457:
426:
262:
39:
909:"New enantiornithine bird (Aves, Ornithothoraces) from the Late Cretaceous of NW Argentina"
1992:
1938:
1931:
1915:
1722:
1623:
1377:
1198:
1182:
509:
498:
484:
453:
284:
43:
2143:
2068:
2036:
1981:
1960:
1867:
1815:
1659:
1412:
1335:
1313:
1279:
1125:
648:
584:
512:
433:
329:
246:
907:
Fernando Emilio Novas, Federico
Lisandro Agnolín and Carlos Agustín Scanferla (2010).
2406:
2221:
1890:
1849:
1822:
1644:
1482:
1475:
1426:
885:
761:
593:
517:
378:
81:
978:, a New Late Cretaceous Bird (Enantiornithes: Avisauridae) from Patagonia, Argentina
2214:
2029:
1608:
1580:
1573:
1517:
1447:
1391:
1007:
720:
540:
461:
371:
1084:
2317:
2127:
2043:
1974:
1953:
1904:
1876:
1856:
1759:
1708:
1651:
1545:
1538:
1510:
1496:
1489:
1461:
1440:
1398:
1252:
562:
313:
56:
2308:
924:
2157:
2150:
2077:
2008:
2001:
1801:
1666:
1637:
1594:
1503:
1468:
1433:
1164:
1155:
672:
568:
440:
430:
364:
343:
204:
101:
66:
2200:
2186:
2135:
2092:
2057:
1967:
1945:
1924:
1897:
1808:
1751:
1701:
1694:
1680:
1615:
1587:
1552:
1531:
1405:
1363:
1349:
1225:
1173:
744:
696:
600:
552:
546:
490:
436:
350:
321:
306:
217:
158:
123:
106:
50:
1048:"The Theropod Database Blog: Martyniuk's (2012) new definitions and clades"
2302:
2084:
2050:
1794:
1773:
1729:
1630:
1601:
1566:
1454:
1149:
621:
589:
574:
191:
178:
96:
91:
76:
71:
61:
17:
2350:
2207:
2193:
1829:
1780:
1370:
1015:
933:
505:
357:
336:
230:
133:
111:
86:
1143:
557:
472:
168:
2279:
908:
857:
296:
1094:
2337:
501:
483:
Avisauridae was erected as a family by Michael Brett-Surman and
2283:
1136:
1098:
538:
Chiappe in 1993 defined the family as the common ancestor of
497:
However, Chiappe later reassigned the Avisauridae to the
527:(the muscle which flexes the ankle, also known as the
2292:
2167:
2103:
2067:
1991:
1914:
1866:
1839:
1333:
1278:
1251:
1224:
1197:
444:North and South America (following Chiappe, 1992).
535:), both believed to be enantiornithean features.
456:bones, the part of a bird's leg formed by fused
1110:
948:
946:
944:
8:
984:. June 22, 1994 Volume 14 No. 2 pp.230-246.
2280:
2119:
1341:
1330:
1257:
1230:
1203:
1194:
1133:
1117:
1103:
1095:
973:Chiappe, Luis M., Calvo, Jorge O. (1994) "
560:more closely related to it than to either
122:
31:
932:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
836:
7:
1073:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
958:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.
736:
712:
688:
664:
640:
613:
606:
996:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
982:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
884:Cau, A. & Arduini, P. (2008).
504:(which is equivalent to the clade
25:
603:based on Cau and Arduini (2008):
2264:
2263:
2245:
2239:
145:
1046:Mortimer, Mickey (2013-01-03).
578:. Matt Martyniuk gave the name
1008:10.1080/02724634.1985.10011851
1:
2423:Prehistoric dinosaur families
1085:10.1080/14772019.2015.1073801
131:Skeletal reconstruction of
27:Extinct family of dinosaurs
2439:
1052:The Theropod Database Blog
925:10.1016/j.crpv.2010.09.005
479:History and classification
2259:
2237:
2122:
1344:
1329:
1310:
1260:
1233:
1206:
1193:
1132:
1030:American Museum Novitates
952:Chiappe, Luis M. (1992) "
758:
741:
734:
717:
710:
693:
686:
669:
662:
645:
638:
618:
611:
508:in modern usage) and the
394:
387:
302:
295:
142:Scientific classification
140:
130:
121:
34:
2114:Cau & Arduini, 2008)
913:Comptes Rendus Palevol
2385:Paleobiology Database
2372:Paleobiology Database
524:M. tibialis cranialis
553:Avisaurus archibaldi
547:Avisaurus archibaldi
533:M. tibialis anterior
1737:Piscivorenantiornis
976:Neuquenornis volans
599:The following is a
541:Neuquenornis volans
529:M. tibialis anticus
1841:Iberomesornithidae
846:Geological Journal
2400:
2399:
2359:Open Tree of Life
2286:Taxon identifiers
2277:
2276:
2255:
2254:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
1420:Cuspirostrisornis
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
960:September, 1992.
827:
826:
818:
817:
809:
808:
800:
799:
791:
790:
782:
781:
773:
772:
420:
419:
414:
402:
291:
16:(Redirected from
2430:
2418:Cretaceous birds
2393:
2392:
2380:
2379:
2367:
2366:
2354:
2353:
2341:
2340:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2281:
2267:
2266:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2179:
2178:
2120:
2116:
2115:
1674:Microenantiornis
1385:Castignovolucris
1342:
1331:
1258:
1231:
1204:
1195:
1188:
1187:
1134:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1096:
1089:
1088:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1043:
1037:
1026:
1020:
1019:
991:
985:
971:
965:
950:
939:
938:
936:
904:
898:
897:
881:
862:
861:
841:
737:
713:
689:
665:
641:
614:
607:
408:
400:
279:
274:
263:Euenantiornithes
261:
245:
150:
149:
126:
116:
53:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2388:
2383:
2375:
2370:
2362:
2357:
2349:
2344:
2336:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2288:
2278:
2273:
2251:
2244:
2227:
2172:
2171:
2163:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2099:
2063:
1993:Bohaiornithidae
1987:
1939:Dapingfangornis
1932:Camptodontornis
1916:Longipterygidae
1910:
1862:
1835:
1723:Paraprotopteryx
1688:Monoenantiornis
1624:Largirostrornis
1378:Brevirostruavis
1338:
1317:
1294:
1274:
1247:
1220:
1214:Avemetatarsalia
1199:Avemetatarsalia
1189:
1183:Ornithothoraces
1139:
1138:
1128:
1123:
1093:
1092:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1056:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1027:
1023:
993:
992:
988:
972:
968:
951:
942:
906:
905:
901:
883:
882:
865:
858:10.1002/gj.1209
843:
842:
838:
833:
828:
819:
810:
801:
792:
783:
774:
485:Gregory S. Paul
481:
454:tarsometatarsal
450:
434:enantiornithine
406:Mystiornithidae
401:Kurochkin, 1996
398:Concornithidae?
278:
272:
259:
243:
144:
117:
115:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
48:
47:
44:Late Cretaceous
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2436:
2434:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2381:
2368:
2355:
2342:
2329:
2314:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2182:
2180:
2177:Chiappe, 1992)
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2144:Enantiophoenix
2140:
2132:
2123:
2117:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2089:
2081:
2073:
2071:
2069:Gobipterygidae
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2037:Parabohaiornis
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1982:Shengjingornis
1978:
1971:
1964:
1961:Longirostravis
1957:
1950:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1920:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1872:
1870:
1868:Pengornithidae
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1816:Yuanjiawaornis
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1660:Longchengornis
1656:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1413:Cruralispennia
1409:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1357:Alethoalaornis
1353:
1345:
1339:
1336:Enantiornithes
1334:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1314:Enantiornithes
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1280:Enantiornithes
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1207:
1201:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1137:
1130:
1129:
1126:Enantiornithes
1124:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1063:
1038:
1021:
1002:(2): 133–138.
986:
966:
940:
919:(8): 499–503.
899:
863:
852:(4): 434–444.
835:
834:
832:
829:
825:
824:
821:
820:
816:
815:
812:
811:
807:
806:
803:
802:
798:
797:
794:
793:
789:
788:
785:
784:
780:
779:
776:
775:
771:
770:
767:
766:
757:
754:
753:
750:
749:
740:
735:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
716:
711:
709:
706:
705:
702:
701:
692:
687:
685:
682:
681:
678:
677:
668:
663:
661:
658:
657:
654:
653:
649:Enantiophoenix
644:
639:
637:
631:
630:
627:
626:
617:
612:
610:
605:
585:Enantiophoenix
513:Enantiornithes
480:
477:
449:
446:
418:
417:
416:
415:
403:
392:
391:
385:
384:
383:
382:
375:
368:
361:
354:
347:
340:
333:
330:Enantiophoenix
326:
318:
310:
300:
299:
293:
292:
270:
266:
265:
257:
250:
249:
247:Enantiornithes
241:
234:
233:
228:
221:
220:
215:
208:
207:
202:
195:
194:
189:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
138:
137:
128:
127:
119:
118:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
54:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2435:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2270:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2248:
2242:
2224:
2223:
2222:Soroavisaurus
2219:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1891:Parapengornis
1888:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1850:Iberomesornis
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1823:Yungavolucris
1820:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1645:Liaoningornis
1642:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1483:Eoenantiornis
1480:
1478:
1477:
1476:Eocathayornis
1473:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1427:Dalingheornis
1424:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
990:
987:
983:
979:
977:
970:
967:
963:
959:
955:
949:
947:
945:
941:
935:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
903:
900:
896:(2): 293–324.
895:
891:
887:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
864:
859:
855:
851:
847:
840:
837:
830:
823:
822:
814:
813:
805:
804:
796:
795:
787:
786:
778:
777:
769:
768:
765:
764:
763:
762:Soroavisaurus
756:
755:
752:
751:
748:
747:
746:
739:
738:
732:
731:
728:
727:
724:
723:
722:
715:
714:
708:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
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691:
690:
684:
683:
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636:
633:
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
623:
616:
615:
609:
608:
604:
602:
597:
595:
594:Archaeopteryx
591:
587:
586:
581:
577:
576:
571:
570:
565:
564:
559:
555:
554:
549:
548:
543:
542:
536:
534:
530:
526:
525:
520:
519:
518:Archaeopteryx
514:
511:
507:
503:
500:
495:
493:
492:
486:
478:
476:
474:
469:
465:
464:(toe bones).
463:
459:
455:
447:
445:
442:
438:
435:
432:
428:
424:
412:
407:
404:
399:
396:
395:
393:
390:
386:
381:
380:
379:Soroavisaurus
376:
374:
373:
369:
367:
366:
362:
360:
359:
355:
353:
352:
348:
346:
345:
341:
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327:
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311:
309:
308:
304:
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301:
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290:
286:
282:
277:
271:
268:
267:
264:
258:
255:
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242:
239:
236:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
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190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
148:
143:
139:
136:
135:
129:
125:
120:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
45:
41:
33:
30:
19:
2293:
2220:
2215:Neuquenornis
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2174:
2168:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2111:
2104:
2091:
2083:
2076:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2030:Longusunguis
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1855:
1848:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1614:
1609:Kizylkumavis
1607:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1581:Ilerdopteryx
1579:
1574:Huoshanornis
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1525:Fortunguavis
1523:
1518:Fortipesavis
1516:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1448:Elektorornis
1446:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1392:Catenoleimus
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1312:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1055:. Retrieved
1051:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1024:
999:
995:
989:
981:
975:
969:
964:(3): 344-350
961:
957:
916:
912:
902:
893:
889:
849:
845:
839:
760:
759:
743:
742:
721:Neuquenornis
719:
718:
695:
694:
671:
670:
647:
646:
634:
620:
619:
598:
583:
580:Avisauroidea
579:
573:
567:
561:
551:
545:
539:
537:
532:
528:
522:
516:
496:
489:
482:
470:
466:
451:
422:
421:
410:
405:
397:
377:
372:Neuquenornis
370:
363:
356:
349:
342:
335:
328:
320:
312:
305:
281:Brett-Surman
275:
253:
237:
224:
211:
198:
185:
132:
49:125–66
29:
2324:Avisauridae
2318:Wikispecies
2294:Avisauridae
2169:Avisauridae
2128:Bauxitornis
2105:Avisauridae
2044:Shenqiornis
2016:Gretcheniao
1975:Shanweiniao
1954:Longipteryx
1905:Yuanchuavis
1884:Eopengornis
1877:Chiappeavis
1857:Noguerornis
1767:Pterygornis
1760:Protopteryx
1709:Orienantius
1652:Liaoxiornis
1546:Gracilornis
1539:Grabauornis
1511:Flexomornis
1497:Falcatakely
1490:Explorornis
1462:Enantiornis
1441:Elbretornis
1399:Cathayornis
1268:Maniraptora
1253:Maniraptora
1079:(6): 1–17.
934:11336/60953
635:Avisauridae
563:Longipteryx
458:metatarsals
448:Description
423:Avisauridae
314:Bauxitornis
276:Avisauridae
35:Avisauridae
2413:Avisaurids
2407:Categories
2158:Mystiornis
2151:Halimornis
2078:Gobipteryx
2023:Linyiornis
2009:Bohaiornis
2002:Beiguornis
1802:Xiangornis
1744:Platanavis
1667:Martinavis
1638:Lenesornis
1595:Incolornis
1504:Feitianius
1469:Eoalulavis
1434:Dunhuangia
1289:see below↓
1165:Dinosauria
1156:Sauropsida
1057:2018-02-03
831:References
673:Halimornis
569:Gobipteryx
441:Cretaceous
409:Kurochkin
365:Mystiornis
344:Halimornis
205:Saurischia
192:Dinosauria
2201:Intiornis
2187:Avisaurus
2136:Concornis
2093:Vescornis
2058:Zhouornis
1968:Rapaxavis
1946:Evgenavis
1925:Boluochia
1898:Pengornis
1809:Yatenavis
1788:Shangyang
1752:Praeornis
1716:Otogornis
1702:Nanantius
1695:Musivavis
1681:Mirusavis
1616:Kuszholia
1588:Imparavis
1553:Gurilynia
1532:Gobipipus
1406:Cratoavis
1364:Alexornis
1350:Abavornis
1241:Theropoda
1226:Theropoda
1174:Theropoda
1142:Kingdom:
745:Avisaurus
697:Concornis
601:cladogram
491:Avisaurus
462:phalanges
439:from the
437:dinosaurs
351:Intiornis
322:Concornis
307:Avisaurus
218:Theropoda
165:Kingdom:
159:Eukaryota
18:Avisaurid
2309:Q4703066
2303:Wikidata
2269:Category
2085:Jibeinia
2051:Sulcavis
1795:Sinornis
1774:Qiliania
1730:Parvavis
1631:Lectavis
1602:Junornis
1567:Houornis
1560:Holbotia
1455:Elsornis
1150:Chordata
1148:Phylum:
1144:Animalia
622:Sinornis
590:Elsornis
575:Sinornis
556:and all
510:subclass
389:Synonyms
269:Family:
179:Chordata
175:Phylum:
169:Animalia
155:Domain:
2364:3605542
2351:4844232
2338:4434643
2208:Mirarce
2194:Gettyia
1830:Yuornis
1781:Sazavis
1371:Avimaia
1154:Class:
1036:, 39 pp
1016:4523037
506:Avialae
431:extinct
358:Mirarce
337:Gettyia
231:Avialae
134:Mirarce
2390:203286
1014:
558:genera
473:hallux
427:family
413:, 2011
411:et al.
297:Genera
2377:53285
2175:sensu
2112:sensu
1179:Clade
1170:Clade
1161:Clade
1012:JSTOR
499:class
425:is a
254:Clade
238:Clade
225:Clade
212:Clade
199:Clade
186:Clade
40:Early
2346:GBIF
1266:see
1239:see
1212:see
1034:3083
544:and
502:Aves
289:1985
285:Paul
283:and
57:PreꞒ
2333:EoL
1081:doi
1004:doi
980:".
929:hdl
921:doi
894:149
854:doi
572:or
531:or
429:of
2409::
2387::
2374::
2361::
2348::
2335::
2320::
2305::
1181::
1172::
1163::
1077:14
1075:.
1050:.
1032:.
1010:.
998:.
962:12
956:"
943:^
927:.
915:.
911:.
892:.
888:.
866:^
850:45
848:.
596:.
566:,
287:,
256::
240::
227::
214::
201::
188::
107:Pg
51:Ma
46:,
2173:(
2139:?
2131:?
2110:(
2096:?
2088:?
1949:?
1755:?
1747:?
1655:?
1619:?
1118:e
1111:t
1104:v
1087:.
1083::
1060:.
1018:.
1006::
1000:5
937:.
931::
923::
917:9
860:.
856::
325:?
317:?
273:†
260:†
244:†
112:N
102:K
97:J
92:T
87:P
82:C
77:D
72:S
67:O
62:Ꞓ
42:-
20:)
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