2230:
2236:
136:
2254:
577:, would qualify as members of the family. Nevertheless, enantiornithean taxonomy is notably difficult to resolve, and some analyses on enantiornitheans have not resolved the family. However, this may be due to such analyses focusing on early Cretaceous enantiornitheans (which are numerous and well-preserved) rather than fragmentary late Cretaceous taxa, such as most avisaurids. Another member of Avisauridae is,
113:
963:
457:
edge of this bone's trochlea (toe joint) has a bony tab which points downward, known as a plantar projection. The innermost bone of the tarsometatarsus, metatarsal I, is small, laterally compressed (flattened from side-to-side), and J-shaped from the side. It is connected to a reversed hallux sporting a very large and curved claw.
456:
Unlike in some prehistoric birds, avisaurid tarsometatarsals were not completely fused, with the distal (outer) parts of the metatarsals being separate from each other. The proximal (near) half of metatarsal III (the long bone in the middle of the tarsometatarsus) is convex from the front. The inside
432:
period, distinguished by several features of their ankle bones. Depending on the definition used, Avisauridae is either a broad and widespread group of advanced enantiornithines (following Cau & Arduini, 2008), or a small family within that group, restricted to species from the Late
Cretaceous of
510:, as well as various Cretaceous bird groups. Avisaurids also had a thin metatarsal IV (the outermost long bone of the tarsometatarsus) and a bony knob on the front of metatarsal II (the most innermost long bone of the tarsometatarsus) for the insertion of
483:(the only avisaurid known at that time), only the proximal parts of the metatarsals were fused, the proximal part of metatarsal III was wide, and the hypotarsus (a wide ridge extending down the back of the tarsometatarsus) was poorly developed.
476:
in 1985. At that time the family consisted of a few fossils that they believed belonged to small non-avian dinosaurs. They doubted that these fossils belonged to birds due to the presence of several features of the tarsometatarsus. In
441:
Avisaurids were among the largest and last enantiornithines to have lived, although they are also among the most poorly preserved. The majority of them are known primarily from fossilized
449:(the bones which comprise the foot in humans). As a result, members of this family are distinguished from other enantiornithines exclusively by features of the tarsometatarsal and pedal
942:
875:"Enantiophoenix electrophyla gen. et sp. nov. (Aves, Enantiornithes) from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Lebanon and its phylogenetic relationships"
1060:
Wang, Hu; Li, Zhiheng (2015). "A new small enantiornithine bird from the Jehol Biota, with implications for early evolution of avian skull morphology".
464:
with a large claw — that indicated the ability to perch in trees. They argued that an arboreal habit was most likely for all of the
Avisauridae.
571:
to this group, although the erection of that name has been criticized by Cau. Under this broader definition, several other enantiornitheans, such as
2334:
1105:
2411:
460:
Chiappe and Calvo (1994) found that the
Avisauridae shared adaptations of the foot — including a fully reversed and distally placed
539:
plus all its descendants. In 2008, the family was given a broader definition courtesy of Cau and
Arduini. They redefined the group as
2229:
983:
Brett-Surman, Michael K.; Paul, Gregory S. (1985). "A new family of bird-like dinosaurs linking
Laurasia and Gondwanaland".
1017:
L.M. Chiappe. 1993. "Enantiornithine (Aves) tarsometatarsi from the
Cretaceous Lecho Formation of northwestern Argentina".
2235:
504:
in 1992. He noted that the features used to exclude avisaurids from birds are in fact present in some early birds such as
1098:
1036:
135:
2406:
2257:
1202:
512:
1091:
2274:
1725:
2373:
2360:
1776:
581:, due to its pectoral skeleton, it's likely that it could not fly, however, it may have glided like the
1662:
2321:
1676:
1256:
277:
1345:
2401:
943:
Enantiornithine (Aves) Tarsometatarsi from the
Cretaceous Lecho Formation of Northwestern Argentina
1513:
269:
2004:
1872:
1829:
1755:
1229:
1000:
377:
130:
2378:
2011:
1732:
2365:
1704:
2347:
1548:
1408:
879:
Atti della
Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Ivico di Storia Naturale in Milano
2352:
2312:
1373:
1069:
992:
917:
909:
842:
833:
Gareth J. Dyke; Attila Ősi (2010). "A review of Late
Cretaceous fossil birds from Hungary".
446:
415:
251:
28:
898:"New enantiornithine bird (Aves, Ornithothoraces) from the Late Cretaceous of NW Argentina"
1981:
1927:
1920:
1904:
1711:
1612:
1366:
1187:
1171:
498:
487:
473:
442:
273:
32:
2132:
2057:
2025:
1970:
1949:
1856:
1804:
1648:
1401:
1324:
1302:
1268:
1114:
637:
573:
501:
422:
318:
235:
896:
Fernando Emilio Novas, Federico
Lisandro Agnolín and Carlos Agustín Scanferla (2010).
2395:
2210:
1879:
1838:
1811:
1633:
1471:
1464:
1415:
874:
750:
582:
506:
367:
70:
967:, a New Late Cretaceous Bird (Enantiornithes: Avisauridae) from Patagonia, Argentina
2203:
2018:
1597:
1569:
1562:
1506:
1436:
1380:
996:
709:
529:
450:
360:
1073:
2306:
2116:
2032:
1963:
1942:
1893:
1865:
1845:
1748:
1697:
1640:
1534:
1527:
1499:
1485:
1478:
1450:
1429:
1387:
1241:
551:
302:
45:
2297:
913:
2146:
2139:
2066:
1997:
1990:
1790:
1655:
1626:
1583:
1492:
1457:
1422:
1153:
1144:
661:
557:
429:
419:
353:
332:
193:
90:
55:
2189:
2175:
2124:
2081:
2046:
1956:
1934:
1913:
1886:
1797:
1740:
1690:
1683:
1669:
1604:
1576:
1541:
1520:
1394:
1352:
1338:
1214:
1162:
733:
685:
589:
541:
535:
479:
425:
339:
310:
295:
206:
147:
112:
95:
39:
1037:"The Theropod Database Blog: Martyniuk's (2012) new definitions and clades"
2291:
2073:
2039:
1783:
1762:
1718:
1619:
1590:
1555:
1443:
1138:
610:
578:
563:
180:
167:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
2339:
2196:
2182:
1818:
1769:
1359:
1004:
922:
494:
346:
325:
219:
122:
100:
75:
1132:
546:
461:
157:
2268:
897:
846:
285:
1083:
2326:
490:
472:
Avisauridae was erected as a family by Michael Brett-Surman and
2272:
1125:
1087:
527:
Chiappe in 1993 defined the family as the common ancestor of
486:
However, Chiappe later reassigned the Avisauridae to the
516:(the muscle which flexes the ankle, also known as the
2281:
2156:
2092:
2056:
1980:
1903:
1855:
1828:
1322:
1267:
1240:
1213:
1186:
433:North and South America (following Chiappe, 1992).
524:), both believed to be enantiornithean features.
445:bones, the part of a bird's leg formed by fused
1099:
937:
935:
933:
8:
973:. June 22, 1994 Volume 14 No. 2 pp.230-246.
2269:
2108:
1330:
1319:
1246:
1219:
1192:
1183:
1122:
1106:
1092:
1084:
962:Chiappe, Luis M., Calvo, Jorge O. (1994) "
549:more closely related to it than to either
111:
20:
921:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
825:
7:
1062:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
947:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.
725:
701:
677:
653:
629:
602:
595:
985:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
971:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
873:Cau, A. & Arduini, P. (2008).
493:(which is equivalent to the clade
14:
592:based on Cau and Arduini (2008):
2253:
2252:
2234:
2228:
134:
1035:Mortimer, Mickey (2013-01-03).
567:. Matt Martyniuk gave the name
997:10.1080/02724634.1985.10011851
1:
2412:Prehistoric dinosaur families
1074:10.1080/14772019.2015.1073801
120:Skeletal reconstruction of
16:Extinct family of dinosaurs
2428:
1041:The Theropod Database Blog
914:10.1016/j.crpv.2010.09.005
468:History and classification
2248:
2226:
2111:
1333:
1318:
1299:
1249:
1222:
1195:
1182:
1121:
1019:American Museum Novitates
941:Chiappe, Luis M. (1992) "
747:
730:
723:
706:
699:
682:
675:
658:
651:
634:
627:
607:
600:
497:in modern usage) and the
383:
376:
291:
284:
131:Scientific classification
129:
119:
110:
23:
2103:Cau & Arduini, 2008)
902:Comptes Rendus Palevol
2374:Paleobiology Database
2361:Paleobiology Database
513:M. tibialis cranialis
542:Avisaurus archibaldi
536:Avisaurus archibaldi
522:M. tibialis anterior
1726:Piscivorenantiornis
965:Neuquenornis volans
588:The following is a
530:Neuquenornis volans
518:M. tibialis anticus
1830:Iberomesornithidae
835:Geological Journal
2389:
2388:
2348:Open Tree of Life
2275:Taxon identifiers
2266:
2265:
2244:
2243:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
1409:Cuspirostrisornis
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
949:September, 1992.
816:
815:
807:
806:
798:
797:
789:
788:
780:
779:
771:
770:
762:
761:
409:
408:
403:
391:
280:
2419:
2407:Cretaceous birds
2382:
2381:
2369:
2368:
2356:
2355:
2343:
2342:
2330:
2329:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2270:
2256:
2255:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2168:
2167:
2109:
2105:
2104:
1663:Microenantiornis
1374:Castignovolucris
1331:
1320:
1247:
1220:
1193:
1184:
1177:
1176:
1123:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1085:
1078:
1077:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1032:
1026:
1015:
1009:
1008:
980:
974:
960:
954:
939:
928:
927:
925:
893:
887:
886:
870:
851:
850:
830:
726:
702:
678:
654:
630:
603:
596:
397:
389:
268:
263:
252:Euenantiornithes
250:
234:
139:
138:
115:
105:
42:
27:Temporal range:
21:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2377:
2372:
2364:
2359:
2351:
2346:
2338:
2333:
2325:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2277:
2267:
2262:
2240:
2233:
2216:
2161:
2160:
2152:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2088:
2052:
1982:Bohaiornithidae
1976:
1928:Dapingfangornis
1921:Camptodontornis
1905:Longipterygidae
1899:
1851:
1824:
1712:Paraprotopteryx
1677:Monoenantiornis
1613:Largirostrornis
1367:Brevirostruavis
1327:
1306:
1283:
1263:
1236:
1209:
1203:Avemetatarsalia
1188:Avemetatarsalia
1178:
1172:Ornithothoraces
1128:
1127:
1117:
1112:
1082:
1081:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1045:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1016:
1012:
982:
981:
977:
961:
957:
940:
931:
895:
894:
890:
872:
871:
854:
847:10.1002/gj.1209
832:
831:
827:
822:
817:
808:
799:
790:
781:
772:
763:
474:Gregory S. Paul
470:
443:tarsometatarsal
439:
423:enantiornithine
395:Mystiornithidae
390:Kurochkin, 1996
387:Concornithidae?
267:
261:
248:
232:
133:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
37:
36:
33:Late Cretaceous
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2425:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2394:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2370:
2357:
2344:
2331:
2318:
2303:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2171:
2169:
2166:Chiappe, 1992)
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2133:Enantiophoenix
2129:
2121:
2112:
2106:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2060:
2058:Gobipterygidae
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2026:Parabohaiornis
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1971:Shengjingornis
1967:
1960:
1953:
1950:Longirostravis
1946:
1939:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1909:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1861:
1859:
1857:Pengornithidae
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1805:Yuanjiawaornis
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1737:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1649:Longchengornis
1645:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1402:Cruralispennia
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1346:Alethoalaornis
1342:
1334:
1328:
1325:Enantiornithes
1323:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1303:Enantiornithes
1300:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1269:Enantiornithes
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1196:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1126:
1119:
1118:
1115:Enantiornithes
1113:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1052:
1027:
1010:
991:(2): 133–138.
975:
955:
929:
908:(8): 499–503.
888:
852:
841:(4): 434–444.
824:
823:
821:
818:
814:
813:
810:
809:
805:
804:
801:
800:
796:
795:
792:
791:
787:
786:
783:
782:
778:
777:
774:
773:
769:
768:
765:
764:
760:
759:
756:
755:
746:
743:
742:
739:
738:
729:
724:
722:
719:
718:
715:
714:
705:
700:
698:
695:
694:
691:
690:
681:
676:
674:
671:
670:
667:
666:
657:
652:
650:
647:
646:
643:
642:
638:Enantiophoenix
633:
628:
626:
620:
619:
616:
615:
606:
601:
599:
594:
574:Enantiophoenix
502:Enantiornithes
469:
466:
438:
435:
407:
406:
405:
404:
392:
381:
380:
374:
373:
372:
371:
364:
357:
350:
343:
336:
329:
322:
319:Enantiophoenix
315:
307:
299:
289:
288:
282:
281:
259:
255:
254:
246:
239:
238:
236:Enantiornithes
230:
223:
222:
217:
210:
209:
204:
197:
196:
191:
184:
183:
178:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2424:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2259:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2237:
2231:
2213:
2212:
2211:Soroavisaurus
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1880:Parapengornis
1877:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1839:Iberomesornis
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1812:Yungavolucris
1809:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1634:Liaoningornis
1631:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1472:Eoenantiornis
1469:
1467:
1466:
1465:Eocathayornis
1462:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1416:Dalingheornis
1413:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
979:
976:
972:
968:
966:
959:
956:
952:
948:
944:
938:
936:
934:
930:
924:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
892:
889:
885:(2): 293–324.
884:
880:
876:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
853:
848:
844:
840:
836:
829:
826:
819:
812:
811:
803:
802:
794:
793:
785:
784:
776:
775:
767:
766:
758:
757:
754:
753:
752:
751:Soroavisaurus
745:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
735:
728:
727:
721:
720:
717:
716:
713:
712:
711:
704:
703:
697:
696:
693:
692:
689:
688:
687:
680:
679:
673:
672:
669:
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665:
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663:
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649:
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632:
631:
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621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
612:
605:
604:
598:
597:
593:
591:
586:
584:
583:Archaeopteryx
580:
576:
575:
570:
566:
565:
560:
559:
554:
553:
548:
544:
543:
538:
537:
532:
531:
525:
523:
519:
515:
514:
509:
508:
507:Archaeopteryx
503:
500:
496:
492:
489:
484:
482:
481:
475:
467:
465:
463:
458:
454:
453:(toe bones).
452:
448:
444:
436:
434:
431:
427:
424:
421:
417:
413:
401:
396:
393:
388:
385:
384:
382:
379:
375:
370:
369:
368:Soroavisaurus
365:
363:
362:
358:
356:
355:
351:
349:
348:
344:
342:
341:
337:
335:
334:
330:
328:
327:
323:
321:
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316:
313:
312:
308:
305:
304:
300:
298:
297:
293:
292:
290:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
260:
257:
256:
253:
247:
244:
241:
240:
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231:
228:
225:
224:
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218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
125:
124:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
41:
34:
30:
22:
19:
2282:
2209:
2204:Neuquenornis
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2163:
2157:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2123:
2115:
2100:
2093:
2080:
2072:
2065:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2019:Longusunguis
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1844:
1837:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1739:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1603:
1598:Kizylkumavis
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1570:Ilerdopteryx
1568:
1563:Huoshanornis
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1514:Fortunguavis
1512:
1507:Fortipesavis
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1437:Elektorornis
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1381:Catenoleimus
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1301:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1044:. Retrieved
1040:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1013:
988:
984:
978:
970:
964:
958:
953:(3): 344-350
950:
946:
905:
901:
891:
882:
878:
838:
834:
828:
749:
748:
732:
731:
710:Neuquenornis
708:
707:
684:
683:
660:
659:
636:
635:
623:
609:
608:
587:
572:
569:Avisauroidea
568:
562:
556:
550:
540:
534:
528:
526:
521:
517:
511:
505:
485:
478:
471:
459:
455:
440:
411:
410:
399:
394:
386:
366:
361:Neuquenornis
359:
352:
345:
338:
331:
324:
317:
309:
301:
294:
270:Brett-Surman
264:
242:
226:
213:
200:
187:
174:
121:
38:125–66
18:
2313:Avisauridae
2307:Wikispecies
2283:Avisauridae
2158:Avisauridae
2117:Bauxitornis
2094:Avisauridae
2033:Shenqiornis
2005:Gretcheniao
1964:Shanweiniao
1943:Longipteryx
1894:Yuanchuavis
1873:Eopengornis
1866:Chiappeavis
1846:Noguerornis
1756:Pterygornis
1749:Protopteryx
1698:Orienantius
1641:Liaoxiornis
1535:Gracilornis
1528:Grabauornis
1500:Flexomornis
1486:Falcatakely
1479:Explorornis
1451:Enantiornis
1430:Elbretornis
1388:Cathayornis
1257:Maniraptora
1242:Maniraptora
1068:(6): 1–17.
923:11336/60953
624:Avisauridae
552:Longipteryx
447:metatarsals
437:Description
412:Avisauridae
303:Bauxitornis
265:Avisauridae
24:Avisauridae
2402:Avisaurids
2396:Categories
2147:Mystiornis
2140:Halimornis
2067:Gobipteryx
2012:Linyiornis
1998:Bohaiornis
1991:Beiguornis
1791:Xiangornis
1733:Platanavis
1656:Martinavis
1627:Lenesornis
1584:Incolornis
1493:Feitianius
1458:Eoalulavis
1423:Dunhuangia
1278:see below↓
1154:Dinosauria
1145:Sauropsida
1046:2018-02-03
820:References
662:Halimornis
558:Gobipteryx
430:Cretaceous
398:Kurochkin
354:Mystiornis
333:Halimornis
194:Saurischia
181:Dinosauria
2190:Intiornis
2176:Avisaurus
2125:Concornis
2082:Vescornis
2047:Zhouornis
1957:Rapaxavis
1935:Evgenavis
1914:Boluochia
1887:Pengornis
1798:Yatenavis
1777:Shangyang
1741:Praeornis
1705:Otogornis
1691:Nanantius
1684:Musivavis
1670:Mirusavis
1605:Kuszholia
1577:Imparavis
1542:Gurilynia
1521:Gobipipus
1395:Cratoavis
1353:Alexornis
1339:Abavornis
1230:Theropoda
1215:Theropoda
1163:Theropoda
1131:Kingdom:
734:Avisaurus
686:Concornis
590:cladogram
480:Avisaurus
451:phalanges
428:from the
426:dinosaurs
340:Intiornis
311:Concornis
296:Avisaurus
207:Theropoda
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
2298:Q4703066
2292:Wikidata
2258:Category
2074:Jibeinia
2040:Sulcavis
1784:Sinornis
1763:Qiliania
1719:Parvavis
1620:Lectavis
1591:Junornis
1556:Houornis
1549:Holbotia
1444:Elsornis
1139:Chordata
1137:Phylum:
1133:Animalia
611:Sinornis
579:Elsornis
564:Sinornis
545:and all
499:subclass
378:Synonyms
258:Family:
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
2353:3605542
2340:4844232
2327:4434643
2197:Mirarce
2183:Gettyia
1819:Yuornis
1770:Sazavis
1360:Avimaia
1143:Class:
1025:, 39 pp
1005:4523037
495:Avialae
420:extinct
347:Mirarce
326:Gettyia
220:Avialae
123:Mirarce
2379:203286
1003:
547:genera
462:hallux
416:family
402:, 2011
400:et al.
286:Genera
2366:53285
2164:sensu
2101:sensu
1168:Clade
1159:Clade
1150:Clade
1001:JSTOR
488:class
414:is a
243:Clade
227:Clade
214:Clade
201:Clade
188:Clade
175:Clade
29:Early
2335:GBIF
1255:see
1228:see
1201:see
1023:3083
533:and
491:Aves
278:1985
274:Paul
272:and
46:PreꞒ
2322:EoL
1070:doi
993:doi
969:".
918:hdl
910:doi
883:149
843:doi
561:or
520:or
418:of
2398::
2376::
2363::
2350::
2337::
2324::
2309::
2294::
1170::
1161::
1152::
1066:14
1064:.
1039:.
1021:.
999:.
987:.
951:12
945:"
932:^
916:.
904:.
900:.
881:.
877:.
855:^
839:45
837:.
585:.
555:,
276:,
245::
229::
216::
203::
190::
177::
96:Pg
40:Ma
35:,
2162:(
2128:?
2120:?
2099:(
2085:?
2077:?
1938:?
1744:?
1736:?
1644:?
1608:?
1107:e
1100:t
1093:v
1076:.
1072::
1049:.
1007:.
995::
989:5
926:.
920::
912::
906:9
849:.
845::
314:?
306:?
262:†
249:†
233:†
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
31:-
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