19:
1981:
1993:
84:
witness alone. Although it was a progressive law for the time, the act decreed that the credibility of the evidence be left to the discretion of "the justice of the court, or jury under direction of the judge". The act also made
Aboriginal testimony inadmissible in trials that carried the penalty of death.
83:
by "uncivilised people" to be admissible in court, the act made it possible for a judge to dismiss the testimony of an "uncivilised person or persons" as insufficient unless corroborated by other evidence - that the court could not base the conviction of a white man on the testimony of an aboriginal
59:
Despite the act's stated aims being to facilitate
Aboriginal testimony, it had the opposite effect, creating a situation where the massacre of Aboriginal peoples by European colonisers could not be tried solely on the evidence of Aboriginal witnesses.
752:
1833:
1353:
458:
3482:
1041:
3203:
2031:
430:
3608:
724:
679:
1232:
1931:
694:
111:, the Aboriginal Witnesses Act of 1848 was amended in July 1849 to allow a person to be convicted on the sole testimony of an aboriginal person, though this rarely occurred.
3691:
3681:
1346:
782:
772:
3643:
1128:
732:
463:
375:
3636:
626:
448:
3601:
3508:
3490:
1807:
1269:
3210:
2975:
1339:
1029:
757:
2986:
1199:
596:
473:
1951:
1155:
88:
3073:
2024:
1264:
1076:
864:
849:
468:
405:
1827:
3615:
1956:
767:
674:
410:
3676:
1274:
1227:
883:
392:
3133:
3629:
3196:
1848:
1320:
1211:
1167:
787:
586:
453:
56:. The act was established "To facilitate the admission of the unsworn testimony of Aboriginal inhabitants of South Australia and parts adjacent".
3530:
1004:
521:
3622:
2940:
2428:
2040:
2017:
478:
124:
3403:
3168:
3147:
1019:
699:
368:
108:
3696:
3551:
3112:
3091:
1247:
3119:
1066:
986:
747:
611:
1997:
107:
women, two teenage girls, three infants, and an "old man blind and infirm" were murdered by
Australian mass murderer and pastoralist
3686:
3555:
3066:
1985:
1133:
966:
936:
531:
308:
1961:
1303:
1237:
926:
816:
762:
566:
511:
3464:
2817:
2662:
1085:
994:
646:
496:
440:
361:
152:
1812:
3098:
1858:
1838:
1822:
1313:
1297:
1242:
714:
335:
159:
636:
3544:
3161:
2618:
2509:
1581:
1418:
1024:
742:
659:
606:
556:
488:
100:
3671:
3455:
3320:
2354:
1508:
802:
138:
131:
3189:
3154:
3140:
3126:
3105:
2611:
1914:
1279:
1118:
1009:
854:
792:
777:
664:
549:
536:
87:
Effectively, the act created a situation where settler solidarity and the law of evidence ensured that the murder and
45:
689:
3666:
3563:
3224:
3175:
2604:
2575:
2560:
1863:
1562:
1448:
1436:
1376:
1101:
737:
544:
49:
2676:
2495:
1406:
1394:
1257:
1252:
1061:
956:
669:
145:
96:
3537:
3182:
2954:
2625:
2583:
2516:
1629:
1611:
1593:
1550:
1544:
1490:
1478:
1362:
1172:
1091:
797:
3342:
3334:
2633:
2488:
2481:
2221:
1919:
1605:
1568:
1556:
1502:
1466:
1382:
1206:
1143:
1138:
976:
921:
420:
165:
3389:
3338:
3250:
2961:
2859:
2524:
2459:
2438:
1653:
1641:
1460:
1150:
839:
400:
384:
92:
1868:
1853:
1843:
3580:
3357:
3313:
3217:
2761:
2590:
1587:
1178:
1113:
859:
709:
425:
415:
266:
246:
178:
2824:
206:
18:
3396:
1891:
1886:
1647:
1617:
1599:
1575:
1538:
1472:
1387:
834:
226:
3327:
3257:
2375:
1520:
1484:
684:
591:
3271:
2968:
2326:
2158:
2111:
2062:
1924:
1896:
1665:
1454:
1430:
1284:
1194:
1123:
1108:
931:
844:
807:
104:
3041:
99:
could not be tried solely on the evidence of aboriginal witnesses. Possibly in response to the
3299:
3292:
2894:
2796:
2090:
1659:
1532:
946:
916:
869:
704:
501:
331:
304:
37:
3350:
3306:
3264:
2901:
2747:
2312:
2172:
2076:
1769:
1496:
1400:
1308:
654:
616:
3285:
3278:
2887:
2719:
2382:
1034:
76:
was responsible for the act's amendments. While its stated aim was to make provisions for
53:
353:
2009:
3570:
3364:
2947:
2922:
2852:
2740:
2705:
2698:
2669:
2568:
2361:
2305:
2069:
1966:
1764:
1729:
1623:
1526:
1514:
1289:
1184:
1056:
961:
171:
73:
3660:
3371:
2880:
2873:
2838:
2831:
2810:
2789:
2733:
2712:
2691:
2684:
2403:
2200:
2055:
1724:
999:
911:
576:
516:
3048:
2915:
2908:
2866:
2768:
2726:
2389:
2256:
1412:
1189:
1096:
1051:
1046:
951:
826:
526:
325:
3034:
2845:
2803:
2775:
2754:
2655:
2368:
2193:
1754:
1734:
1699:
906:
581:
301:
Fatal
Collisions : the South Australian frontier and the violence of memory
69:
41:
3421:
303:(first ed.). Kent Town, South Australia: Wakefield Press. pp. 79–80.
2538:
2410:
2396:
2333:
2319:
2235:
2165:
2151:
2083:
1774:
1719:
1714:
1635:
1014:
901:
896:
571:
561:
506:
77:
3027:
3007:
2452:
2291:
2214:
2123:
2115:
1424:
1160:
891:
80:
1331:
2782:
2597:
2466:
2298:
2277:
2270:
2242:
2207:
2186:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1709:
1704:
631:
621:
3000:
2531:
2502:
2263:
2249:
2228:
2179:
2137:
2097:
1784:
1759:
1694:
2556:
2340:
2284:
2144:
2130:
2104:
1689:
1684:
1834:
Aboriginal
Protection and restriction of the sale of opium act 1897
3428:
2474:
2445:
2347:
1779:
1442:
971:
941:
17:
1828:
Act to provide certain matters connected with the
Aborigines 1889
601:
2013:
1335:
357:
327:
God, Guns and
Government on the Central Australian Frontier
72:
was responsible for the act, and later lieutenant governor
3483:
299:
Foster, Robert; Hosking, Rick; Nettelbeck, Amanda (2000).
267:"Aboriginal Witnesses Act (No 4 of 12 and 13 Vic, 1849)"
247:"Aboriginal Witnesses Act (No 3 of 11 and 12 Vic, 1848)"
207:"Aborigines' Evidence Act (No 8 of 7 and 8 Vic, 1844)"
3522:
3500:
3442:
3413:
3381:
3238:
3083:
3058:
2985:
2932:
2647:
2548:
2427:
2420:
2047:
1944:
1932:
Parliamentary Select
Committee on Aboriginal Tribes
1905:
1879:
1800:
1793:
1675:
1369:
1220:
1075:
985:
882:
825:
723:
645:
487:
439:
391:
3204:Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park
783:Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations
227:"Aborigine's Evidence Act (No 5 of 10 Vic, 1846)"
330:(first ed.). Restoration. pp. 77–78.
294:
292:
290:
3509:List of native title claims in South Australia
1808:List of laws concerning Indigenous Australians
1270:Northern Territory National Emergency Response
773:National Congress of Australia's First Peoples
40:and amendments enacted by lieutenant Governor
3211:Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park
2025:
1347:
758:Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association
369:
8:
1952:List of massacres of Indigenous Australians
3446:
3242:
3113:Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre National Park (part)
2992:
2424:
2032:
2018:
2010:
1797:
1354:
1340:
1332:
865:South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council
850:Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council
822:
376:
362:
354:
3692:Legislation concerning indigenous peoples
3682:Indigenous Australians in South Australia
1957:Mass poisonings of Aboriginal Australians
1813:Aboriginals Fire Arm Regulation Act 1840
3197:Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park
1859:Commonwealth Aboriginals Ordinance 1911
1849:Northern Territory Aboriginals Act 1910
587:National Indigenous Human Rights Awards
459:People from politics and public service
190:
3491:Laws concerning Indigenous Australians
385:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders
198:
196:
194:
114:The act remained in force until 1929.
2941:Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
2041:Aboriginal peoples of South Australia
125:Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003
7:
3169:Nullarbor Wilderness Protection Area
3148:Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park
1992:
567:Literature of Indigenous Australians
3552:Hindmarsh Island Bridge controversy
3134:Ikara–Flinders Ranges National Park
3120:Kanku-Breakaways Conservation Park
748:Aborigines Progressive Association
14:
3531:Aborigines' Friends' Association
3422:Aṉangu (Western Desert language)
1991:
1980:
1979:
3677:19th century in South Australia
3465:Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966
1086:Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976
153:Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976
3099:Elliot Price Conservation Park
1962:Aborigines' Protection Society
1839:Aborigines Protection Act 1909
1823:Aboriginal Protection Act 1869
1298:Uluru Statement from the Heart
715:Torres Strait Island languages
160:Aboriginal Protection Act 1869
1:
3545:Avenue Range Station massacre
3162:Ngaut Ngaut Conservation Park
1582:Avenue Range Station massacre
1419:Corn Field Raids of 1827-1828
763:Australian Aborigines' League
743:Aborigines Advancement League
660:Australian Aboriginal English
273:. South Australian Government
271:South Australia Numbered Acts
253:. South Australian Government
251:South Australia Numbered Acts
233:. South Australian Government
231:South Australia Numbered Acts
213:. South Australian Government
211:South Australia Numbered Acts
101:Avenue Range Station massacre
3456:Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988
1509:Fighting Waterholes massacre
803:National Reconciliation Week
324:Peter Vallee, Peter (2006).
139:Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006
132:Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988
3190:Strzelecki Regional Reserve
3155:Mamungari Conservation Park
3141:Innamincka Regional Reserve
3127:Lake Gairdner National Park
3106:Gawler Ranges National Park
3084:Co-managed protected areas:
3059:Indigenous protected areas:
1915:Aboriginal Protection Board
855:NSW Aboriginal Land Council
793:Registered Aboriginal Party
778:National Indigenous Council
665:Macro-Gunwinyguan languages
46:Governor of South Australia
3713:
3697:Public policy in Australia
3564:History of South Australia
3429:Nunga (Aboriginal English)
3225:Yumbarra Conservation Park
3176:Nullarbor Regional Reserve
2976:List of Aboriginal schools
1864:Aboriginals Ordinance 1918
1563:War of Southern Queensland
1449:Convincing Ground massacre
1437:Port Phillip District Wars
1377:Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars
1233:Constitutional recognition
1102:Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars
738:Aboriginal Medical Service
3590:
3449:
3245:
2995:
2677:Poltpalingada Booboorowie
1975:
1407:Minnamurra River massacre
627:Traditional custodianship
146:Aboriginal Lands Act 1995
3687:Australian frontier wars
3538:Australian frontier wars
3474:Aboriginal Witnesses Act
3183:Pureba Conservation Park
2955:Gerard Community Council
1892:R. v. Kilmeister (No. 2)
1887:R. v. Kilmeister (No. 1)
1818:Aboriginal Witnesses Act
1630:Koonchera Point massacre
1612:Cullin-La-Ringo massacre
1491:Murdering Gully massacre
1479:Campaspe Plains massacre
1363:Australian frontier wars
1092:Australian Frontier Wars
798:Reconciliation Australia
68:The lieutenant governor
33:Aboriginal Witnesses Act
24:Aboriginal Witnesses Act
3335:Western Desert language
1920:Protector of Aborigines
1636:Jandamarra Guerilla War
1606:Hospital Creek Massacre
1569:Battle of One Tree Hill
1557:Warrigal Creek massacre
1503:Fighting Hills massacre
1467:Waterloo Creek massacre
1383:Battle of Richmond Hill
1144:Australian history wars
1005:Contemporary visual art
421:Torres Strait Islanders
166:Australian heritage law
3390:Lower Murray languages
2962:Kupa Piṯi Kungka Tjuṯa
2860:Eileen Yaritja Stevens
1676:Indigenous Australian
1654:Forrest River massacre
1642:Mistake Creek massacre
1461:Battle of Broken River
840:Kimberley Land Council
690:Pama–Nyungan languages
680:Loanwords into English
597:Religion and mythology
550:Torres Strait Islander
401:Aboriginal Australians
93:aboriginal Australians
27:
3596:By state or territory
3581:Waterloo Bay massacre
3218:Witjira National Park
3092:Dhilba Guuranda-Innes
2762:Tuppy Ngintja Goodwin
2355:Western Desert people
1600:Hornet Bank massacre
1594:East Ballina massacre
1588:Waterloo Bay massacre
1545:Pelican Creek tragedy
1179:Native Title Act 1993
1114:Cummeragunja walk-off
860:Northern Land Council
710:Torres Strait English
637:Torres Strait Islands
179:Native Title Act 1993
50:early colonial period
21:
3397:Thura-Yura languages
3307:Ngamini (Yarluyandi)
1648:Mowla Bluff massacre
1618:Flying Foam Massacre
1576:Darkey Flat Massacre
1539:Rufus River massacre
1473:Myall Creek massacre
1427:(Tasmania) (1828–32)
1395:Risdon Cove massacre
1388:Battle of Parramatta
835:Central Land Council
3672:1844 in British law
1869:Aborigines Act 1934
1854:Aborigines Act 1911
1844:Aborigines Act 1910
1678:resistance warriors
1551:Evans Head massacre
1521:Gippsland massacres
1485:Blood Hole massacre
592:Outstation movement
431:Western Australians
97:European colonisers
3609:Northern Territory
3365:Yarli (Malyangapa)
2969:Maralinga Tjarutja
2825:Lowitja O'Donoghue
2159:Maralinga Tjarutja
1925:Aboriginal reserve
1897:Tuckiar v The King
1666:Caledon Bay crisis
1455:Battle of Pinjarra
1431:Cape Grim massacre
1285:Stolen Generations
1275:Self-determination
1195:Stolen Generations
1129:Historical figures
1109:Caledon Bay crisis
932:Fire-stick farming
845:Maralinga Tjarutja
464:Performing artists
28:
3667:1844 in Australia
3654:
3653:
3644:Western Australia
3518:
3517:
3438:
3437:
3234:
3233:
2895:Natasha Wanganeen
2797:Natascha McNamara
2643:
2642:
2114:, (including the
2007:
2006:
1940:
1939:
1830:(statute 24/1889)
1660:Coniston massacre
1533:Wonnerup massacre
1329:
1328:
1212:Western Australia
947:Possum-skin cloak
878:
877:
870:Tiwi Land Council
705:Taboo on the dead
670:Australian Creole
411:Aboriginal groups
3704:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3583:
3576:
3566:
3559:
3556:Royal Commission
3547:
3540:
3533:
3511:
3493:
3486:
3477:
3468:
3459:
3447:
3431:
3424:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3382:Language groups:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3243:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3076:
3074:Mount Willoughby
3069:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3003:
2993:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2902:Ginger Wikilyiri
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2748:Stevie Goldsmith
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2636:
2629:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2571:
2564:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2425:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2011:
1995:
1994:
1983:
1982:
1798:
1770:Tunnerminnerwait
1497:Battle of Yering
1443:Yagan Resistance
1356:
1349:
1342:
1333:
823:
655:Avoidance speech
617:Smoking ceremony
378:
371:
364:
355:
349:
348:
346:
344:
321:
315:
314:
296:
285:
282:
280:
278:
262:
260:
258:
242:
240:
238:
222:
220:
218:
200:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3623:South Australia
3621:
3614:
3607:
3602:New South Wales
3600:
3595:
3586:
3579:
3569:
3562:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3514:
3507:
3496:
3489:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3453:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3343:Yankunytjatjara
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3006:
2999:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2888:Gavin Wanganeen
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2720:Kevin Buzzacott
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2639:
2632:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2567:
2555:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2383:Yankunytjatjara
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2043:
2038:
2008:
2003:
1971:
1936:
1907:
1901:
1875:
1789:
1677:
1671:
1365:
1360:
1330:
1325:
1265:Media portrayal
1228:1967 Referendum
1216:
1124:Gurindji Strike
1119:Day of Mourning
1071:
981:
874:
821:
719:
675:Language groups
641:
483:
435:
387:
382:
352:
342:
340:
338:
323:
322:
318:
311:
298:
297:
288:
276:
274:
265:
256:
254:
245:
236:
234:
225:
216:
214:
205:
201:
192:
188:
120:
66:
54:South Australia
12:
11:
5:
3710:
3708:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3659:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3577:
3567:
3560:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3487:
3478:
3469:
3460:
3450:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3404:Sign languages
3400:
3393:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3339:Pitjantjatjara
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3246:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3070:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3004:
2996:
2990:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2948:Aṉangu schools
2944:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2923:Tjayanka Woods
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2853:Tauto Sansbury
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2741:Gladys Elphick
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2706:Shaun Burgoyne
2702:
2699:Peter Burgoyne
2695:
2688:
2681:
2673:
2670:Maringka Baker
2666:
2659:
2651:
2649:
2648:Notable people
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2628:(Point McLeay)
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2572:
2565:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2434:
2432:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2306:Pitjantjatjara
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2014:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1967:Half-Caste Act
1964:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1804:
1802:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1765:Tongerlongeter
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1730:Maulboyheenner
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1624:Kalkadoon Wars
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1527:Eumerella Wars
1524:
1518:
1515:Maria massacre
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1290:Half-Caste Act
1282:
1280:Reconciliation
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1258:Protected Area
1255:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1192:
1187:
1185:Pilbara strike
1182:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1089:
1081:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
991:
989:
983:
982:
980:
979:
974:
969:
964:
962:Spinifex resin
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
888:
886:
880:
879:
876:
875:
873:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
831:
829:
820:
819:
813:
812:
811:
810:
805:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
729:
727:
721:
720:
718:
717:
712:
707:
702:
700:Sign languages
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
651:
649:
643:
642:
640:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
553:
552:
547:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
493:
491:
485:
484:
482:
481:
476:
474:Visual artists
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
445:
443:
437:
436:
434:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
397:
395:
389:
388:
383:
381:
380:
373:
366:
358:
351:
350:
336:
316:
309:
286:
284:
283:
263:
243:
223:
189:
187:
184:
183:
182:
175:
172:Half-Caste Act
168:
163:
156:
149:
142:
135:
128:
119:
116:
103:, where three
74:Frederick Robe
65:
62:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3709:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3251:Adnyamathanha
3248:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:Organisations
2931:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2881:James Unaipon
2878:
2875:
2874:David Unaipon
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2839:Frances Rings
2836:
2833:
2832:Alitya Rigney
2829:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2818:Lewis O'Brien
2815:
2812:
2811:Betty Muffler
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2790:Tjungkara Ken
2787:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2734:Nyakul Dawson
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2713:Hector Burton
2710:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2692:Iris Burgoyne
2689:
2686:
2685:Jack Buckskin
2682:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2591:Killalpaninna
2588:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:Yawarrawarrka
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2201:Ngaanyatjarra
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2056:Adnyamathanha
2053:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2000:
1999:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1725:Mannalargenna
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1674:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1529:(1840s–1860s)
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1401:Tedbury's War
1399:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1322:
1321:Voting rights
1319:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1173:Native police
1171:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
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3328:Wangkangurru
3314:Ngarrindjeri
3049:Wati-kutjara
3019:
3015:
3011:
2916:Chad Wingard
2909:Norah Wilson
2867:Moogy Sumner
2769:Ruby Hammond
2727:Vince Copley
2679:(Tom Walker)
2619:Point Pearce
2510:Pipalyatjara
2390:Yardliyawara
2376:Yandruwandha
2257:Ngarrindjeri
1996:
1984:
1817:
1578:(circa 1845)
1413:Bathurst War
1379:(1795–1816)
1296:
1253:Native title
1207:Tent embassy
1190:Pintupi Nine
1177:
1097:Bathurst War
1084:
1067:Yininmadyemi
1052:Sandpainting
1047:Papunya Tula
1042:NATSIA Award
1030:Music groups
952:Scarred tree
922:Dugout canoe
612:Sacred sites
527:The Dreaming
469:Sportspeople
341:. Retrieved
326:
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3337:(dialects:
3258:Antakirinja
3035:Muldjewangk
3008:'Dreamtime'
2989:and culture
2846:Nura Rupert
2804:Patty Mills
2776:Ruby Hunter
2755:Adam Goodes
2663:Jimmy Baker
2656:Ian Abdulla
2578:(Umeewarra)
2519:(Ernabella)
2421:Communities
2369:Wongkanguru
2327:Tanganekald
2112:Jarildekald
2063:Antakirinja
1906:Committees
1880:Court cases
1775:Windradyne
1755:Tarenorerer
1735:Multuggerah
1700:Cannabaygal
1421:(1827-1828)
1248:Land rights
1151:King plates
967:Sweet foods
937:Food groups
907:Bush tucker
647:Language(s)
582:NAIDOC Week
532:Enumeration
441:Individuals
406:Communities
343:24 February
277:24 February
257:24 February
237:24 February
217:24 February
109:James Brown
105:Tanganekald
70:George Grey
48:during the
42:George Grey
3661:Categories
3616:Queensland
2612:Oak Valley
2539:Yunyarinyi
2411:Yirawirung
2397:Yarluyandi
2334:Thangkaali
2320:Ramindjeri
2236:Ngangaruku
2166:Mardidjali
2152:Malyangapa
2091:Bungandidj
2084:Bodaruwitj
1908:and boards
1720:Kikatapula
1715:Jandamarra
1565:(1843–55)
1139:Prehistory
1062:Visual art
1015:Didgeridoo
927:Fibrecraft
902:Bush bread
768:Mass media
695:Placenames
572:Marn Grook
562:Kurdaitcha
545:Aboriginal
507:Corroboree
426:Victorians
416:Tasmanians
337:0977531201
202:The acts:
186:References
38:ordinances
3321:Paakantyi
3272:Barngarla
3239:Languages
3028:Tjilbruke
3020:tjukurrpa
3016:mura-mura
2605:Nepabunna
2576:Davenport
2569:Colebrook
2561:Poonindie
2453:Indulkana
2429:APY Lands
2313:Portaulun
2292:Peramangk
2215:Ngayawang
2173:Meintangk
2124:Karangura
2116:Mulbarapa
2077:Barngarla
1668:(1932–34)
1638:(1894–97)
1626:(1870–90)
1451:(1833/34)
1445:(1831–33)
1439:(1830–50)
1425:Black War
1403:(1804–05)
1161:Black War
1156:Massacres
995:Artefacts
892:Boomerang
884:Bushcraft
808:Sorry Day
622:Songlines
497:Astronomy
454:Musicians
449:Activists
81:testimony
22:Original
3637:Victoria
3630:Tasmania
3574:massacre
3300:Ngadjuri
3293:Narungga
3042:Ngiṉṯaka
2987:Religion
2783:Ivaritji
2598:Koonibba
2496:Mintabie
2469:(Fregon)
2467:Kaltjiti
2299:Pilatapa
2278:Ngurunta
2271:Ngintait
2243:Ngaralda
2208:Ngadjuri
2187:Narungga
1986:Category
1750:Pemulwuy
1745:Nemarluk
1740:Musquito
1710:Eumarrah
1705:Dundalli
1168:Missions
1020:Dreaming
917:Coolamon
788:Politics
632:Tjurunga
118:See also
89:massacre
26:1844-no8
3523:History
3351:Wirangu
3265:Arabana
3067:Watarru
3022:, etc.)
3001:Arkaroo
2626:Raukkan
2532:Watarru
2517:Pukatja
2503:Nyapaṟi
2362:Wirangu
2264:Ngawadj
2250:Ngarkat
2229:Ngameni
2180:Mirning
2138:Kokatha
2098:Dhirari
2070:Arabana
2048:Peoples
1998:Commons
1785:Yilbung
1760:Tedbury
1695:Calyute
1685:Baulie
1632:(1880s)
1523:(1840s)
1200:Apology
1134:History
1077:History
977:Woomera
753:AIATSIS
607:Seasons
557:Kinship
522:Deities
512:Country
489:Culture
479:Writers
393:Peoples
78:unsworn
64:History
3501:Cases:
3414:Words:
3286:Kaurna
2634:Yalata
2584:Gerard
2557:Akenta
2549:Other:
2489:Mimili
2482:Makiri
2341:Wailpi
2285:Nukunu
2222:Ngalia
2145:Kuyani
2131:Kaurna
1690:Beilba
1662:(1928)
1656:(1926)
1650:(1916)
1644:(1915)
1620:(1868)
1614:(1861)
1608:(1859)
1602:(1857)
1596:(1853)
1590:(1849)
1584:(1848)
1559:(1843)
1553:(1842)
1547:(1842)
1541:(1841)
1535:(1841)
1517:(1840)
1511:(1840)
1505:(1840)
1499:(1840)
1493:(1839)
1487:(1839)
1481:(1839)
1475:(1838)
1469:(1838)
1463:(1836)
1457:(1834)
1433:(1828)
1415:(1824)
1409:(1818)
1397:(1804)
1370:Events
1304:Treaty
1243:Health
1221:Issues
685:Palawa
541:Flags
537:Elders
334:
307:
3572:Maria
3279:Dieri
2525:Umuwa
2475:Kaṉpi
2460:Kalka
2446:Iltur
2439:Amaṯa
2348:Warki
2105:Dieri
1945:Other
1794:Legal
1780:Yagan
1314:Voice
1309:Truth
1238:Crime
1025:Music
1010:Dance
972:Waddy
957:Soaks
942:Humpy
733:ATSIC
3443:Laws
3372:Yuyu
3012:muda
2194:Nauo
1801:Laws
1057:Vibe
1035:Rock
987:Arts
897:Buka
817:TSRA
602:Riji
502:Bora
345:2019
332:ISBN
305:ISBN
279:2019
259:2019
239:2019
219:2019
30:The
95:by
91:of
52:of
3663::
3341:,
3018:,
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289:^
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193:^
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221:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
