965:
1768:
1756:
792:
are somewhat different from the norm. In the objective, the verb takes an object but no subject; the nonreferent subject in some uses may be marked in the verb by an incorporated dummy pronoun similar to that used with the
English weather verbs. Impersonal verbs in null subject languages take neither
1094:
Modality expresses the speaker's attitude toward the action or state given by the verb, especially with regard to degree of necessity, obligation, or permission ("You must go", "You should go", "You may go"), determination or willingness ("I will do this no matter what"), degree of probability ("It
381:
Verbs vary by type, and each type is determined by the kinds of words that accompany it and the relationship those words have with the verb itself. Classified by the number of their valency arguments, usually four basic types are distinguished: intransitives, transitives, ditransitives and double
600:
a reliable friend." These verbs precede nouns or adjectives in a sentence, which become predicate nouns and predicate adjectives. Copulae are thought to 'link' the predicate adjective or noun to the subject. They can also be followed by an adverb of place, which is sometimes referred to as a
801:
Verbs are often flexible with regard to valency. In non-valency marking languages such as
English, a transitive verb can often drop its object and become intransitive; or an intransitive verb can take an object and become transitive. For example, in English the verb
512:
When two noun phrases follow a transitive verb, the first is an indirect object, that which is receiving something, and the second is a direct object, that being acted upon. Indirect objects can be noun phrases or prepositional phrases.
782:
and therefore formally have a valency of 1. As verbs in
Spanish incorporate the subject as a TAM suffix, Spanish is not actually a null-subject language, unlike Mandarin (see above). Such verbs in Spanish also have a valency of 1.
2397:
1078:, which combines elements of a past event and the implication that the state resulting from it was later reversed (as in "he did go there" or "he has been there", i.e. "he went there but has now come back")
1072:, which combines elements of both aspect and tense and in which both a prior event and the state resulting from it are expressed (as in "he has gone there", i.e. "he went there and he is still there")
818:, the subject and object are distinct and the verb has a different valency. Some verbs in English have historically derived forms that show change of valency in some causative verbs, such as
1086:, in which case the aspect is embedded in the verb's meaning (as in "the sun shines", where "shines" is lexically stative), or it can be grammatically expressed, as in "I am running."
1135:
of a verb expresses whether the subject of the verb is performing the action of the verb or whether the action is being performed on the subject. The two most common voices are the
1809:
Downloadable handbook to learn the
Spanish verb paradigm in an easy ruled-based method. It also supplies the guidelines to know whenever a Spanish verb is regular or irregular
462:. These noun phrases are not called predicate nouns, but are instead called direct objects because they refer to the object that is being acted upon. For example: "My friend
344:
word order, inflects verbs for tense-aspect-mood, as well as other categories such as negation, but shows absolutely no agreement with the subject—it is a strictly
1099:, but some also use verbal forms as in the given examples. If the verbal expression of modality involves the use of an auxiliary verb, that auxiliary is called a
972:
contains information about time (past, present, future), person and number. The process of grammatically modifying a verb to express this information is called
1834:
715:(valency = 3, trivalent): the verb has a subject, a direct object, and an indirect object. For example: "He gives her a flower" or "She gave John the watch."
3046:
793:
subject nor object, as is true of other verbs, but again the verb may show incorporated dummy pronouns despite the lack of subject and object phrases.
2707:
1095:
must be raining by now", "It may be raining", "It might be raining"), or ability ("I can speak French"). All languages can express modality with
2923:
1724:
1510:
1806:
292:, English shows distinctive agreements only in the third person singular, present tense form of verbs, which are marked by adding "-s" (
1441:
1016:, or it could be a past, present, or future time of reference previously established in the sentence, in which case the verb expresses
1008:
to convey whether the action or state is before, simultaneous with, or after some reference point. The reference point could be the
3288:
1827:
1302:
2736:
675:(valency = 0): the verb has neither a subject nor an object. Zero valency does not occur in English; in some languages such as
2669:
2761:
934:
is the general today past attainative perfective, found with all numbers in the perfective except the singular active, where
2751:
2731:
2487:
1041:, in which the action is viewed as ongoing; in some languages a verb could express imperfective aspect more narrowly as:
2746:
2700:
2479:
341:
3281:
2179:
1998:
1895:
1820:
1327:
362:: the verb agrees with the subject, the direct object, and even the secondary object if present, a greater degree of
1664:
1436:
959:
329:
270:
nature of communicated meaning by humans, i.e. nouns being the "entities" and verbs being the "links" between them.
2766:
2741:
1865:
1792:
1538:
1307:
345:
2786:
367:
845:
In valency marking languages, valency change is shown by inflecting the verb in order to change the valency. In
3355:
3293:
2589:
2089:
1332:
1257:
382:
transitive verbs. Some verbs have special grammatical uses and hence complements, such as copular verbs (i.e.,
718:
A few
English verbs, particularly those concerned with financial transactions, take four arguments, as in "Pat
473:
A way to identify a transitive verb is to invert the sentence, making it passive. For example: "The newspaper
406:. In addition, verbs can be non-finite (not inflected for person, number, tense, etc.), such special forms as
529:
phrase. The second element (noun phrase, adjective, or infinitive) is called a complement, which completes a
3004:
2819:
2756:
2693:
2401:
1910:
1528:"Building a Knowledge Graph from Natural Language Definitions for Interpretable Text Entailment Recognition"
1277:
973:
525:) are followed by a noun phrase that serves as a direct object and then a second noun phrase, adjective, or
285:
279:
3321:
3056:
2972:
2942:
2535:
2362:
2271:
1475:
1426:
1421:
1411:
358:
165:
1786:
3255:
3031:
2987:
2801:
2606:
2497:
2492:
2469:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2231:
2024:
1860:
1772:
767:
653:
363:
3276:
3185:
2611:
2545:
2377:
2334:
2236:
2099:
2059:
951:
849:
of
Australia, for example, verbs distinguish valency by argument agreement suffixes and TAM endings:
810:(though in this case, the subject itself may be an implied object, also expressible explicitly as in
553:
118:
2392:
288:
with its primary argument (the subject) in person, number or gender. With the exception of the verb
3219:
3149:
2999:
2962:
2952:
2918:
2824:
2805:
2372:
2019:
1232:
1038:
955:
434:(a word that addresses how, where, when, and how often) or end a sentence. For example: "The woman
2937:
2720:
2558:
2525:
2451:
2436:
2421:
2411:
2324:
2319:
2309:
2104:
2034:
2029:
1391:
1075:
1059:
1044:
habitual aspect, in which the action occurs repeatedly (as in "I used to go there every day"), or
161:
157:
153:
141:
493:) precede either two noun phrases or a noun phrase and then a prepositional phrase often led by
1760:
332:(abbreviated 'TAM'), and they agree in person and number (but not in gender, as for example in
3041:
2890:
2865:
2834:
2515:
2441:
2416:
2339:
2204:
2149:
2119:
2079:
1720:
1660:
1506:
1406:
1401:
1069:
1047:
1032:
1009:
947:
930:) in the intransitive form, and as a transitive verb the stem is not suffixed. The TAM ending
711:
692:
687:
427:
353:
337:
325:
169:
137:
1500:
1050:, in which the action occurs without pause; continuous aspect can be further subdivided into
3095:
2553:
2446:
2426:
2276:
2241:
2159:
1954:
1396:
1189:
1112:
1104:
969:
771:
676:
220:
173:
145:
114:
3243:
3192:
3156:
3026:
2685:
2461:
2382:
2344:
2329:
2209:
2199:
2114:
2109:
2049:
1915:
1885:
1282:
1242:
1197:
1152:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1035:, in which the action is viewed in its entirety through completion (as in "I saw the car")
1028:
Aspect expresses how the action or state occurs through time. Important examples include:
788:
763:
699:
455:
349:
333:
267:
224:
149:
1812:
1103:. If the verbal expression of modality involves inflection, we have the special case of
3350:
3224:
3116:
3100:
2979:
2796:
2643:
2601:
2563:
2465:
2194:
2184:
2174:
2069:
2064:
2044:
2039:
1968:
1843:
1381:
1367:
1347:
1342:
1083:
1017:
1013:
1001:
964:
846:
66:
54:
31:
1795:
Conjugation and
Analysis of Regular and Irregular Verbs, and also of Neologisms, like
1767:
3344:
3329:
3079:
3063:
2994:
2907:
2814:
2568:
2520:
2387:
2367:
2246:
2164:
2144:
2094:
2074:
2054:
1618:
1456:
1446:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1337:
1322:
1297:
1272:
1252:
1247:
1173:
1140:
779:
704:
262:"As far as we know, every language makes a grammatical distinction that looks like a
177:
35:
430:
is one that does not have a direct object. Intransitive verbs may be followed by an
3311:
3214:
3205:
3177:
3172:
2932:
2895:
2846:
2841:
2657:
2631:
2621:
2594:
2456:
2189:
2154:
2129:
2084:
1905:
1451:
1416:
1312:
1287:
1267:
1262:
1237:
1227:
1222:
1193:
1169:
1136:
1053:
759:
237:
185:
1056:, in which the situation is a fixed, unevolving state (as in "I know French"), and
30:
This article is about the part of speech. For the physical activity program, see
3250:
2314:
2124:
2003:
1964:
1929:
1920:
1496:
1461:
1317:
1292:
1209:
1158:
459:
533:
that would not otherwise have the same meaning. For example: "The young couple
3124:
2674:
2573:
2530:
2507:
2431:
2266:
2169:
2139:
2134:
1988:
1983:
1890:
1880:
1870:
1165:
1100:
1005:
786:
Intransitive and transitive verbs are the most common, but the impersonal and
526:
411:
407:
249:
181:
133:
125:
394:-support in questioning and negation; and tense or aspect auxiliaries, e.g.,
2664:
2626:
2406:
2223:
1978:
1924:
1900:
17:
1755:
2653:
2648:
671:
129:
39:
1740:
Goldenberg, Gideon "On Verbal
Structure and the Hebrew Verb", in: idem,
1527:
2638:
2354:
1959:
1875:
1386:
1164:
In the Indo-European languages, verbal adjectives are generally called
2616:
2301:
1993:
1973:
1431:
1096:
530:
431:
415:
70:
1176:
participle, also called a past participle. The active participle of
1062:, in which the situation continuously evolves (as in "I am running")
963:
521:
Double transitive verbs (sometimes called Vc verbs after the verb
321:
922:'to take/come/arrive' at the destination takes the active suffix
1852:
778:
means "It rains". In
English, French and German, they require a
263:
62:
2689:
1816:
1143:(as in "The car was seen by me" or simply "The car was seen").
1502:
Language
Unlimited: The science behind our most creative power
306:). The rest of the persons are not distinguished in the verb (
1192:
forms with tense and aspect. This is especially common among
893:
today past singular object attainative transitive perfective)
489:
Ditransitive verbs (sometimes called Vg verbs after the verb
1667:. Sprachtypol. Univ. Forsch. (STUF), Berlin 59, 4, 317–349.
860:
today past singular subject active intransitive perfective)
1780:
1526:
Silva, Vivian S.; Freitas, André; Handschuh, Siegfried.
658:
The number of arguments that a verb takes is called its
545:
her project to be the hardest she has ever completed."
703:(valency = 2, divalent): the verb has a subject and a
666:. Verbs can be classified according to their valency:
1691:
Grammatical Voice (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics)
1172:
participle, also called a present participle; and a
3320:
3304:
3266:
3233:
3201:
3165:
3139:
3109:
3088:
3072:
3019:
2906:
2876:
2855:
2795:
2782:
2582:
2544:
2506:
2478:
2353:
2300:
2222:
2012:
1947:
1938:
1851:
284:In languages where the verb is inflected, it often
180:, to indicate that an action is being carried out;
1744:, Jerusalem: Magnes Press 1998, pp. 148–196 .
1665:"Towards a typology of discontinuous past marking"
707:. For example: "she eats fish", "we hunt nothing".
1505:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 78.
691:(valency = 1, monovalent): the verb only has a
915:"arrive+attainative+singular/dual/plural+TAM"
537:the neighbors wealthy people." "Some students
2701:
1828:
1783:Verbs and verb conjugation in many languages.
980:Depending on the language, verbs may express
8:
266:verb distinction.". Possibly because of the
243:the President of the United States in 2009.
184:, to indicate that an action has been done;
1719:(Third ed.). Oxford University Press.
188:, to indicate that an action will be done.
2880:
2792:
2708:
2694:
2686:
1944:
1835:
1821:
1813:
1590:
505:their teammates high fives." "The players
1578:
1566:
1554:
882:"arrive+active+singular/dual/plural+TAM"
601:predicate adverb. For example: "My house
1479:: A 233-page book without a single verb.
1196:, where attributive verb phrases act as
1488:
1614:
1612:
1161:that describe the action of the verb.
117:, the basic form, with or without the
1793:Italian Verbs Coniugator and Analyzer
899:"He took the two fish earlier today"
695:. For example: "he runs", "it falls".
557:
27:Part of speech that conveys an action
7:
442:faster than the official." "The boy
1663:& Johan van der Auwera (2006),
1442:Transitivity (grammatical category)
1012:, in which case the verb expresses
889:"He took the fish earlier today" (
541:adults quite inaccurately." "Sarah
905:"He took the fish earlier today"
477:by my friend." "A speeding ticket
34:. For English usage of verbs, see
25:
1544:from the original on Oct 3, 2023.
1000:Grammatical tense is the use of
356:, and some other languages, have
152:. A verb may also agree with the
1766:
1754:
1636:The Future in Thought and Action
1303:Japanese godan and ichidan verbs
1184:, and the passive participle is
1157:Most languages have a number of
1139:(as in "I saw the car") and the
509:high fives to their teammates."
588:a writing tutor." "The singers
113:). In the usual description of
38:. For the radio programme, see
1742:Studies in Semitic Linguistics
1693:, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1991.
1680:, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001.
1651:, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1976.
1638:, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1982.
1606:, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1985.
755:Impersonal and objective verbs
466:the newspaper." "The teenager
1:
1771:The dictionary definition of
872:"They arrived earlier today"
866:"They arrived earlier today"
806:has no grammatical object in
766:(subjectless, or avalent) in
612:is manifested in eight forms
584:. For example: "Her daughter
136:(modified in form) to encode
73:generally conveys an action (
856:"He arrived earlier today" (
501:. For example: "The players
1328:Portuguese verb conjugation
942:Tense, aspect, and modality
592:very nervous." "His mother
340:, like many languages with
3372:
2670:Syntax–semantics interface
1710:. Oxford University Press.
1308:Japanese verb conjugations
1216:Verbs in various languages
1150:
1111:(as in "I am there"), the
945:
683:take no subject or object.
651:
346:dependent-marking language
277:
29:
2883:
2727:
1789:English Verb Conjugation.
458:is followed by a noun or
2090:Exceptional case-marking
1623:Tense and Aspect Systems
1333:Proto-Indo-European verb
1258:Finnish verb conjugation
101:), or a state of being (
1715:Morenberg, Max (2010).
1708:Foundations of Language
1706:Jackendoff, R. (2002).
1278:Hebrew verb conjugation
1188:. Other languages have
560:linking verbs) include
517:Double transitive verbs
280:Grammatical conjugation
1896:Initial-stress-derived
1476:Le Train de Nulle Part
1427:Sentence (linguistics)
1422:Phrase structure rules
1412:Performative utterance
977:
968:A single-word verb in
768:null-subject languages
608:The main copular verb
438:softly." "The athlete
359:polypersonal agreement
2407:Inclusive / Exclusive
1661:Plungian, Vladimir A.
1634:Fleischman, Suzanne,
1082:Aspect can either be
967:
903:Nuidh wapi mangamainu
679:, weather verbs like
654:Valency (linguistics)
348:. On the other hand,
176:. Verbs have tenses:
1763:at Wikimedia Commons
1194:verb-final languages
1107:; moods include the
952:Aspect (linguistics)
897:Nuidh wapi mangamanu
470:a speeding ticket."
336:) with the subject.
2287:Relative subsective
2180:Regular / Irregular
2025:Andative / Venitive
1861:Abstract / Concrete
1807:El verbo en español
1233:Ancient Greek verbs
1039:imperfective aspect
956:Linguistic modality
832:raise-raised-raised
762:often appear to be
234:listening to music.
191:For some examples:
61: 'word') is a
1846:and their features
1844:Lexical categories
1625:, Blackwell, 1985.
1392:Grammatical aspect
1076:discontinuous past
1060:progressive aspect
978:
887:Nuidh wapi manganu
840:cost-costed-costed
824:fell-felled-felled
605:down the street."
485:Ditransitive verbs
481:by the teenager."
422:Intransitive verbs
328:inflect verbs for
255:a center fielder.
199:the car yesterday.
93:), an occurrence (
3338:
3337:
3289:godan and ichidan
3282:Kagoshima dialect
3135:
3134:
3015:
3014:
2721:world's languages
2683:
2682:
2488:Casally modulated
2393:Formal / Informal
2282:Pure intersective
2232:Anti-intersective
2218:
2217:
2165:Preterite-present
1759:Media related to
1726:978-0-1997-3288-3
1678:Mood and Modality
1647:Comrie, Bernard,
1602:Comrie, Bernard,
1512:978-0-19-882809-9
1437:Tense–aspect–mood
1407:Grammatical voice
1402:Grammatical tense
1168:. English has an
1119:there"), and the
1115:(as in "I wish I
1090:Mood and modality
1048:continuous aspect
1033:perfective aspect
1010:time of utterance
982:grammatical tense
960:Tense–aspect–mood
948:Grammatical tense
774:, where the verb
428:intransitive verb
366:than is found in
330:tense–aspect–mood
326:Romance languages
16:(Redirected from
3363:
3305:Other East Asian
2881:
2793:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2687:
2262:Non-intersective
1945:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1814:
1770:
1758:
1730:
1711:
1694:
1689:Klaiman, M. H.,
1687:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1658:
1652:
1645:
1639:
1632:
1626:
1616:
1607:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1532:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1493:
1397:Grammatical mood
1198:relative clauses
1190:attributive verb
1147:Non-finite forms
870:Thana mangemainu
820:fall-fell-fallen
816:he moves the car
812:he moves himself
677:Mandarin Chinese
596:worried." "Josh
559:
450:Transitive verbs
257:(state of being)
21:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3356:Parts of speech
3341:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3316:
3300:
3294:irregular verbs
3262:
3256:deficient verbs
3229:
3203:
3197:
3161:
3131:
3105:
3084:
3068:
3011:
2924:auxiliary verbs
2902:
2872:
2851:
2799:
2784:
2778:
2723:
2714:
2684:
2679:
2578:
2540:
2502:
2474:
2402:Gender-specific
2349:
2296:
2214:
2100:Germanic strong
2008:
1934:
1847:
1841:
1787:conjugation.com
1751:
1737:
1735:Further reading
1727:
1714:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1688:
1684:
1676:Palmer, F. R.,
1675:
1671:
1659:
1655:
1646:
1642:
1633:
1629:
1617:
1610:
1601:
1597:
1591:Jackendoff 2002
1589:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1569:, pp. 9–10
1565:
1561:
1557:, pp. 6–14
1553:
1549:
1541:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1471:
1466:
1377:
1372:
1283:Hungarian verbs
1243:Bulgarian verbs
1218:
1206:
1155:
1153:Non-finite verb
1149:
1129:
1123:("Be there!").
1092:
1026:
1002:auxiliary verbs
998:
962:
946:Main articles:
944:
910:Verb structure:
877:Verb structure:
864:Palai mangemanu
828:rise-rose-risen
799:
797:Valency marking
789:objective verbs
757:
749:
746:for a lawnmower
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
656:
650:
551:
519:
487:
456:transitive verb
452:
424:
379:
373:
282:
276:
164:of some of its
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3369:
3367:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3343:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3166:Other European
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2912:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2884:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2811:
2809:
2790:
2787:proto-language
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2646:
2644:Procedure word
2641:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2602:Complementizer
2599:
2598:
2597:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2398:Gender-neutral
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2363:Bound variable
2359:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2020:Ambitransitive
2016:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1790:
1784:
1781:www.verbix.com
1778:
1764:
1750:
1749:External links
1747:
1746:
1745:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1712:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1682:
1669:
1653:
1640:
1627:
1608:
1595:
1593:, p. 135.
1583:
1579:Morenberg 2010
1571:
1567:Morenberg 2010
1559:
1555:Morenberg 2010
1547:
1518:
1511:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1382:Auxiliary verb
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1368:Tigrinya verbs
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1348:Sanskrit verbs
1345:
1343:Romanian verbs
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1273:Germanic verbs
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1202:
1151:Main article:
1148:
1145:
1128:
1125:
1091:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1054:stative aspect
1045:
1036:
1025:
1022:
1018:relative tense
1014:absolute tense
997:
994:
943:
940:
918:The verb stem
907:
906:
900:
894:
874:
873:
867:
861:
847:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
836:cost-cost-cost
798:
795:
756:
753:
752:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
716:
708:
696:
684:
652:Main article:
649:
646:
550:
547:
518:
515:
486:
483:
451:
448:
423:
420:
378:
375:
278:Main article:
275:
272:
260:
259:
247:
235:
228:
214:
207:
200:
168:, such as its
67:part of speech
32:VERB (program)
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3368:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2783:Indo-European
2781:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:Orthographies
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Interrogative
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2526:Interrogative
2524:
2522:
2521:Demonstrative
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2470:Prepositional
2467:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2457:Strong / Weak
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2422:Interrogative
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:Demonstrative
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2335:Prepositional
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2325:Interrogative
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2247:Demonstrative
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:Germanic weak
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:Frequentative
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:Autocausative
2033:
2031:
2030:Anticausative
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:Transgressive
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1777:at Wiktionary
1776:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1718:
1717:Doing Grammar
1713:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1535:ACL Anthology
1529:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:Verbification
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1447:Verb argument
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1363:Spanish verbs
1361:
1359:
1358:Slovene verbs
1356:
1354:
1353:Sesotho verbs
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1338:Romance verbs
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:Persian verbs
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1298:Italian verbs
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1288:Ilokano verbs
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1253:English verbs
1251:
1249:
1248:Chinese verbs
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1154:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1141:passive voice
1138:
1134:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
995:
993:
991:
987:
983:
975:
971:
966:
961:
957:
953:
949:
941:
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
916:
914:
911:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
888:
885:
884:
883:
881:
878:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
855:
852:
851:
850:
848:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
796:
794:
791:
790:
784:
781:
780:dummy pronoun
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:Weather verbs
754:
717:
714:
713:
709:
706:
705:direct object
702:
701:
697:
694:
690:
689:
685:
682:
678:
674:
673:
669:
668:
667:
665:
661:
655:
647:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
555:
554:Copular verbs
549:Copular verbs
548:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
516:
514:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
484:
482:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
421:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
376:
374:
371:
369:
368:most European
365:
361:
360:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:
298:
297:
291:
287:
281:
273:
271:
269:
265:
258:
254:
251:
248:
246:
242:
239:
236:
233:
229:
226:
222:
219:
215:
213:to the store.
212:
208:
205:
201:
198:
194:
193:
192:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
42:
37:
36:English verbs
33:
19:
3322:Austronesian
3206:Derived stem
3005:irregularity
2771:
2762:Prepositions
2716:
2658:Pro-sentence
2632:Onomatopoeia
2622:Interjection
2595:Measure word
2378:Distributive
2272:Postpositive
2252:Intersective
2205:Unaccusative
2150:Performative
2120:Intransitive
2080:Ditransitive
1939:
1906:Noun adjunct
1800:
1796:
1773:
1741:
1716:
1707:
1700:Bibliography
1690:
1685:
1677:
1672:
1656:
1648:
1643:
1635:
1630:
1622:
1603:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1550:
1534:
1521:
1501:
1491:
1474:
1452:Verb framing
1417:Phrasal verb
1313:Korean verbs
1268:German verbs
1263:French verbs
1238:Basque verbs
1228:Arabic verbs
1223:Adyghe verbs
1185:
1181:
1177:
1163:
1159:verbal nouns
1156:
1137:active voice
1130:
1116:
1093:
1081:
1027:
999:
989:
985:
981:
979:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
917:
913:manga-Ø--TAM
912:
909:
908:
902:
896:
890:
886:
880:manga-i--TAM
879:
876:
875:
869:
863:
857:
853:
844:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
800:
787:
785:
775:
758:
712:Ditransitive
710:
698:
688:Intransitive
686:
680:
670:
663:
659:
657:
644:in English.
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
607:
602:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
552:
542:
538:
534:
522:
520:
511:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
488:
478:
474:
472:
467:
463:
453:
443:
439:
435:
425:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:); the verb
383:
380:
372:
364:head-marking
357:
320:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
299:) or "-es" (
295:
293:
289:
283:
261:
256:
252:
245:(occurrence)
244:
240:
238:Barack Obama
231:
217:
210:
206:my homework.
203:
196:
190:
132:, verbs are
121:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
58:
50:
48:
46:
40:
18:Action verbs
3277:conjugation
3234:Niger–Congo
3202:Afroasiatic
3186:conjugation
3150:conjugation
3057:conjugation
3053:Macedonian
3042:conjugation
3032:conjugation
3000:conjugation
2988:conjugation
2973:conjugation
2969:Portuguese
2963:conjugation
2953:conjugation
2938:conjugation
2919:conjugation
2891:conjugation
2866:conjugation
2835:conjugation
2752:Determiners
2732:Phonologies
2607:Conjunction
2373:Disjunctive
2310:Conjunctive
2257:Nominalized
2160:Predicative
2004:Verbal noun
1955:Attributive
1581:, p. 7
1497:David Adger
1462:Verb phrase
1318:Latin verbs
1293:Irish verbs
1210:Linguistics
1166:participles
1113:subjunctive
1006:inflections
974:conjugation
854:Nui mangema
734:" or "Chris
726:a lawnmower
460:noun phrase
412:participles
408:infinitives
370:languages.
3345:Categories
3125:pure verbs
3096:Hindustani
3089:Indo-Aryan
3047:morphology
2984:Sardinian
2943:morphology
2747:Adjectives
2675:Yes and no
2590:Classifier
2574:Possessive
2536:Quantifier
2531:Possessive
2508:Determiner
2480:Adposition
2452:Resumptive
2437:Reciprocal
2432:Possessive
2412:Indefinite
2340:Pronominal
2292:Subsective
2267:Possessive
2237:Collateral
2210:Unergative
2200:Transitive
2115:Inchoative
2110:Impersonal
2050:Catenative
1989:Participle
1984:Infinitive
1916:Relational
1886:Collective
1866:Adjectival
1619:Östen Dahl
1484:References
1121:imperative
1109:indicative
1101:modal verb
938:is found.
814:); but in
764:impersonal
722:sold Chris
700:Transitive
527:infinitive
479:was earned
268:graph-like
250:Mike Trout
128:. In many
126:infinitive
69:) that in
53:(from
3273:Japanese
3240:Chichewa
3193:Kabardian
3182:Georgian
3157:Hungarian
3027:Bulgarian
2820:auxiliary
2665:Prop-word
2627:Ideophone
2554:Discourse
2493:Inflected
2442:Reflexive
2417:Intensive
2224:Adjective
2195:Stretched
2185:Separable
2175:Reflexive
2070:Denominal
2065:Defective
2045:Captative
2040:Auxiliary
1979:Gerundive
1969:Nonfinite
1891:Countable
1801:to google
535:considers
390:used for
318:, etc.).
316:they walk
274:Agreement
166:arguments
134:inflected
130:languages
124:, is the
3225:Tigrinya
3146:Finnish
3117:Armenian
3101:Sanskrit
2980:Romanian
2959:Occitan
2949:Italian
2915:Catalan
2797:Germanic
2767:Pronouns
2742:Grammars
2654:Pro-verb
2649:Pro-form
2546:Particle
2498:Stranded
2447:Relative
2427:Personal
2345:Relative
2330:Locative
2320:Genitive
2145:Negative
2075:Deponent
2055:Compound
1797:googlare
1539:Archived
1499:(2019).
1204:See also
1182:breaking
990:modality
808:he moves
738:paid Pat
730:for $ 20
598:remained
539:perceive
523:consider
475:was read
354:Georgian
338:Japanese
324:and the
312:you walk
202:The dog
119:particle
41:The Verb
3330:Ilocano
3267:Japonic
3080:Persian
3073:Iranian
3064:Slovene
2995:Spanish
2908:Romance
2815:English
2719:of the
2639:Preverb
2516:Article
2462:Subject
2355:Pronoun
2190:Stative
2155:Phrasal
2130:Lexical
2085:Dynamic
2060:Copular
1960:Converb
1876:Animacy
1387:Grammar
1375:Grammar
1174:passive
1097:adverbs
1084:lexical
1070:perfect
970:Spanish
928:mangai-
891:manganu
858:mangema
772:Spanish
693:subject
681:snow(s)
672:Avalent
664:valence
660:valency
648:Valency
416:gerunds
221:English
218:studies
211:will go
178:present
170:subject
115:English
3312:Korean
3244:tenses
3220:Hebrew
3215:Arabic
3178:Basque
3173:Adyghe
3140:Uralic
3121:Greek
3038:Czech
3020:Slavic
2933:French
2896:tenses
2887:Latin
2877:Italic
2862:Irish
2856:Celtic
2847:Gothic
2842:German
2831:Dutch
2802:strong
2617:Coverb
2612:Copula
2466:Object
2383:Donkey
2302:Adverb
2277:Proper
2242:Common
2125:Labile
1994:Supine
1974:Gerund
1965:Finite
1930:Verbal
1921:Strong
1911:Proper
1723:
1649:Aspect
1509:
1432:Syntax
1186:broken
1170:active
1024:Aspect
986:aspect
958:, and
926:(>
920:manga-
776:llueve
640:, and
594:looked
582:remain
580:, and
574:appear
570:become
558:a.k.a.
543:deemed
531:clause
468:earned
432:adverb
350:Basque
334:Polish
308:I walk
286:agrees
241:became
232:enjoys
225:French
197:washed
186:future
174:object
162:number
158:gender
154:person
148:, and
142:aspect
99:become
95:happen
71:syntax
59:verbum
3351:Verbs
3251:Sotho
3110:Other
2825:modal
2772:Verbs
2757:Nouns
2717:Verbs
2583:Other
2564:Modal
2388:Dummy
2140:Modal
2135:Light
2013:Types
1948:Forms
1871:Agent
1761:Verbs
1604:Tense
1542:(PDF)
1531:(PDF)
1469:Other
1178:break
1133:voice
1127:Voice
996:Tense
988:, or
770:like
642:being
436:spoke
377:Types
322:Latin
290:to be
230:Lucy
216:John
172:, or
150:voice
138:tense
111:stand
107:exist
91:learn
75:bring
57:
55:Latin
2806:weak
2804:and
2569:Noun
2315:Flat
2170:Pure
1940:Verb
1925:Weak
1901:Mass
1881:Bare
1853:Noun
1799:for
1774:verb
1721:ISBN
1507:ISBN
1131:The
1117:were
1105:mood
804:move
742:$ 20
638:been
634:were
590:were
578:look
566:seem
507:gave
503:gave
491:give
464:read
444:wept
400:have
301:fish
294:walk
264:noun
223:and
182:past
146:mood
83:walk
79:read
63:word
51:verb
1180:is
1004:or
992:.
936:-ma
932:-nu
662:or
630:was
626:are
586:was
499:for
497:or
446:."
440:ran
426:An
414:or
404:can
402:or
342:SOV
204:ate
160:or
87:run
3347::
2656:/
2468:/
2464:/
2400:/
1967:/
1923:/
1621:,
1611:^
1537:.
1533:.
1200:.
1020:.
984:,
954:,
950:,
924:-i
842:.
834:;
826:;
750:".
636:,
632:,
628:,
624:,
622:am
620:,
618:is
616:,
614:be
610:be
603:is
576:,
572:,
568:,
564:,
562:be
495:to
454:A
418:.
410:,
398:,
396:be
392:do
388:do
384:be
352:,
314:,
310:,
303:es
253:is
209:I
195:I
156:,
144:,
140:,
122:to
109:,
105:,
103:be
97:,
89:,
85:,
81:,
77:,
49:A
3208:)
3204:(
2808:)
2800:(
2789:)
2785:(
2709:e
2702:t
2695:v
1836:e
1829:t
1822:v
1803:.
1729:.
1515:.
976:.
838::
830::
822::
748:4
744:3
740:2
736:1
732:4
728:3
724:2
720:1
556:(
296:s
227:.
65:(
44:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.