24:
1985:
Both French and San origins have been suggested for double negation in
Afrikaans. While double negation is still found in Low Franconian dialects in West-Flanders and in some "isolated" villages in the centre of the Netherlands (i.e. Garderen), it takes a different form, which is not found in
1183:
when they precede a noun. As a general rule, polysyllabic adjectives are normally inflected when used as attributive adjectives. Monosyllabic attributive adjectives may or may not be inflected, depending on the historical forms of the adjective. Inflected adjectives retain the ending
2015:
Compare with "Ek wil nie dit doen nie", which changes the meaning to "I do not want to do this specific thing." Whereas "Ek wil dit nie doen nie" emphasises the unwillingness to act, "Ek wil nie dit doen nie" emphasises the unwillingness to do the specified action.
68:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
1945:
Alternatively, a relative clause may begin with a preposition + "wie" when referring to a personal antecedent, or an agglutination between "waar" and a preposition when referring to a non-personal antecedent.
189:
This phenomenon is somewhat akin to
English verbs, since infinitives are mostly equivalent to verbs in the simple tense, except in English singular 3rd person forms, in which case an extra
54:
2193:
A notable exception to this is the use of the negating grammar form that coincides with negating the
English present participle. In this case there is only a single negation.
2019:
The double negative construction has been fully integrated into standard
Afrikaans and its proper use follows a set of fairly complex rules as the examples below show:
1381:
Broadly speaking, the same morphological changes that apply to inflected adjectives also apply in the formation of the plural of nouns. For example, the plural of
1640:
No case distinction is made for the plural pronouns. There is often no distinction between object and possessive pronouns when used before nouns. For example,
2373:
1358:
In some exceptional cases, after the syncope of the intervocalic consonant, there is also an additional apocope of the inflection marker. For example,
1011:), although this is considered archaic for function verbs. Sometimes there is a spelling change to the root which does not affect the pronunciation (
71:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
1050:(unlike modern Dutch). However, there is a distinction between the singular and plural forms of nouns. The most common plural marker is the suffix
79:
3649:
3492:
1899:, infinitives and past participles appear in final position in main clauses, split from the corresponding auxiliary verb. For example,
3644:
1769:
textbooks using the so-called "STOMPI rule". The name of the rule indicates the order in which the parts of a sentence should appear.
3576:
1676:
An exception to the previous rule is the 3rd person singular masculine or neuter, where
Afrikaans clearly distinguishes between
3305:
3104:
2402:
2366:
3538:
2427:
92:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Afrikaans Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
2417:
2397:
2228:; although one does not have to write or say it like this, virtually all Afrikaans speakers will change the two words to
1922:
Relative clauses usually begin with the pronoun "wat", used both for personal and non-personal antecedents. For example,
2412:
1848:
1188:
and for some adjectives, word-final consonants that were lost in attributive uses are retained. For example, the final
2734:
2588:
572:
Several verbs have irregular perfect forms which are used alongside regular forms, sometimes with different meanings:
3599:
3242:
2432:
2359:
3151:
2288:
de
Stadler, Leon G. (1996). "The indirect object in Afrikaans". In van Belle, William; Langendonck, Willy (eds.).
1702:
can emphatically be used to describe inanimate objects in the same way as the feminine in
English, such as in the
3474:
3280:
3114:
2593:
1712:("He burns beautifully red"), referring to its product's intense spice. For 3rd person plural pronouns, whereas
3126:
87:
108:
3315:
2651:
2646:
2578:
2449:
2437:
2422:
197:
3395:
3262:
2877:
2754:
2628:
1252:
1244:
1224:
1193:
101:
3338:
3610:
3461:
3109:
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2900:
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2513:
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2714:
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919:
305:
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36:
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3209:
3066:
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2895:
2784:
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2719:
2618:
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2518:
2503:
968:. The meaning of the sentence can change based on which auxiliary verb is used (is/was), e.g.
768:
83:
2351:
3561:
3408:
3346:
3290:
3285:
3237:
3141:
3136:
3061:
2984:
2964:
2939:
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2749:
2706:
2683:
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2605:
2543:
2332:
1413:
1110:
888:
3556:
3510:
3433:
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3413:
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3295:
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3181:
3176:
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3012:
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2944:
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2633:
2613:
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2533:
2523:
2493:
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1955:
1896:
1844:
1420:
1046:
Nouns in
Afrikaans, as in modern Dutch, have no inflectional case system, and do not have
822:
308:, which is sometimes also employed in Dutch). The only common exceptions to this are the
3618:
3566:
3515:
3451:
3446:
3380:
3375:
3219:
3131:
3121:
3099:
3056:
3051:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3002:
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2857:
2797:
2739:
2724:
2623:
2551:
2498:
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1892:
1840:
1832:
1425:
1203:
775:
130:
3633:
3530:
3520:
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3481:
3418:
3356:
3323:
3214:
3164:
3159:
3081:
2807:
2638:
2583:
2561:
2476:
1836:
923:
733:
3300:
3186:
2959:
2862:
2573:
2249:
1766:
857:
729:
129:, a language spoken in South Africa and Namibia which originated from 17th century
3351:
3071:
1027:
964:
to indicate passive voice in the pluperfect, which in this case corresponds to
1180:
972:
implies that something has been made and is still in existence today, whereas
760:
324:
309:
142:
3367:
1409:
Remnants of the case distinction remain in the pronoun system. For example,
1256:
293:
125:
748:, with a similar distinction. Compare also the distinction between English
2323:
Roy F. Fallis, Jr.; De
Villiers (1954). "Review of de Villiers (1951)".
582:
478:
356:
343:
3469:
2382:
1216:
1054:, but several common nouns form their plural instead by adding a final
767:). Instead, the pluperfect, like the preterite, is expressed using the
468:
The following four full verbs also have (rarely used) preterite forms:
90:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
2344:
826:
2336:
849:
An object is necessary in this case, otherwise it implies that the
145:
and present forms of verbs, with the exception of these two verbs:
1726:
is frequently used to mean "their" so as to differentiate between
1169:
2119:
Note that in these cases, most Dutch speakers would say instead:
1835:: in main clauses, the finite verb appears in "second position" (
1492:
1479:
976:
implies that something had been made, but was destroyed or lost.
235:
926:
that is formed in the present tense by using the auxiliary verb
65:
2355:
1560:
1547:
272:
2220:
Certain words in Afrikaans arise due to grammar. For example,
1030:
forms, although they are seldom ever used in the present day:
304:), or in storytelling by the present tense (i.e. the use of a
17:
1831:
Word order in Afrikaans follows broadly the same rules as in
1692:(it, subject or object) is distinguished from the possessive
1633:(subject, third person plural) in several dialects of Dutch.
1267:
when inflected. For example, look at the inflected form of:
736:("she was born"). This is akin to Dutch, in which the verb
1851:
order, with the verb at (or near) the end of the clause.
960:
Formal written Afrikaans also admits the construction of
1113:
distinction exists for nouns, adjectives and articles.
57:
a machine-translated version of the Afrikaans article.
2080:
Dis (Dit is) nie so moeilik om Afrikaans te leer nie.
1765:
Afrikaans has a strict word order, described in many
2224:, which literally means "must not", usually becomes
1954:
A particular feature of Afrikaans is its use of the
832:
to the verb's infinitive/present form. For example,
300:) has been completely replaced by the perfect (e.g.
61:
3608:
3575:
3547:
3529:
3490:
3460:
3432:
3394:
3365:
3337:
3314:
3261:
3228:
3195:
3150:
3090:
3036:
2983:
2930:
2888:
2818:
2783:
2705:
2682:
2604:
2542:
2457:
2448:
1058:. A number of common nouns have irregular plurals:
720:(to bear, to give birth) has two past participles:
200:differently depending on the subject. For example,
2180:Hij komt niet, want hij is ziek. (or more commonly
1239:when inflected. Conversely, adjectives ending in
934:, and, in the past tense, by using the auxiliary
1209:), is retained when the adjective is inflected (
141:There is no distinction for example between the
2317:Werkwoordsvorme in Afrikaans in die verlede tyd
2108:in English. The Dutch word that corresponds to
1621:
1613:
1352:(a diaeresis is used to mark a syllable break)
1196:sound that deleted in predicative uses in like
2319:. Stellenbosch: Universiteit van Stellenbosch.
86:accompanying your translation by providing an
48:Click for important translation instructions.
35:expand this article with text translated from
2367:
2083:Het is niet zo moeilijk om Afrikaans te leren.
844:I broke it, I have broken it, I had broken it
8:
1929:Die man wat hier gebly het was ʼn Amerikaner.
2208:
2086:It is not so difficult to learn Afrikaans.
2061:Ik heb niet geweten dat hij niet zou komen.³
1966:
908:
877:
2454:
2374:
2360:
2352:
2271:
2207:Hy is in die hospitaal, maar hy eet nie. (
2075:He will not be coming because he is sick.
2058:Ek het nie geweet dat hy nie sou kom nie.
1598:
1596:
1594:
954:It is made, It was made, It has been made
860:is in turn indicated using the auxiliary
2267:
2265:
2214:He is in hospital, but he isn't eating.
2195:
2121:
2021:
1988:
1986:Afrikaans. The following is an example:
1941:The man who stayed here was an American.
1935:De man die hier bleef was een Amerikaan.
1853:
1771:
1411:
1269:
1115:
1060:
732:("she has borne") and the latter in the
574:
470:
322:
202:
147:
2261:
2064:I did not know that he would not come.
2042:I did not know that he would be coming
1590:
1215:). A similar phenomenon applies to the
312:(see the following table) and the verb
2050:Ik heb geweten dat hij niet zou komen.²
2039:Ik heb niet geweten dat hij zou komen.
2187:He does not come because he is sick.
2047:Ek het geweet dat hy nie sou kom nie.
2036:Ek het nie geweet dat hy sou kom nie.
1034:is the present subjunctive form, and
98:{{Translated|af|Afrikaanse taalleer}}
7:
2069:Hy sal nie kom nie, want hy is siek.
1688:(his). Likewise, the neuter pronoun
825:)—is formed regularly by adding the
805:) and verbs with beginnings such as
774:The perfect is constructed with the
196:In addition, Afrikaans verbs do not
2170:I knew not that he would not come.
2167:Ik wist niet dat hij niet zou komen.
2072:Hij zal niet komen, want hij is ziek.
1839:), while subordinate clauses (e.g.
983:is normally formed with the suffix
891:is indicated by the preterite form
995:), but sometimes it is irregular (
14:
2112:in Afrikaans (in these cases) is
1965:Hy kan nie Afrikaans praat nie. (
922:, Afrikaans also has an analytic
2292:. Vol. 1. pp. 251–288.
2096:in Dutch does not correspond to
1969:He can not Afrikaans speak not.)
22:
2157:I knew that he would not come.
2144:I knew not that he would come.
2053:I knew that he would not come.
2182:Hij komt niet omdat hij ziek is.
2154:Ik wist dat hij niet zou komen.
2141:Ik wist niet dat hij zou komen.
1975:Hij kan geen Afrikaans spreken.
1038:is the past subjunctive form.
759:Modern Afrikaans also lacks a
96:You may also add the template
1:
2310:. London/New York: Routledge.
1227:. For example, the adjective
2306:Donaldson, Bruce C. (2000).
2301:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
2297:Donaldson, Bruce C. (1993).
1255:) following a long vowel or
1179:Adjectives may, however, be
785:, which—except for the verb
728:. The former is used in the
3650:North Sea Germanic grammars
2315:de Villiers, Meyer (1951).
795:), separable verbs such as
122:This article describes the
109:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
3666:
1981:He cannot speak Afrikaans.
1912:Hij heeft een huis gekocht.
1672:is now considered archaic)
1167:
60:Machine translation, like
3645:Languages of South Africa
2393:
1746:has a possessive variant
1706:hot sauce brand's slogan
1424:
1419:
1377:(when it precedes a noun)
1121:
1118:
740:has the past participles
678:gestorwe (arch.)/gesterwe
601:
598:
595:
592:
587:
580:
577:
483:
476:
473:
333:
330:
37:the corresponding article
2009:I do not want to do it.
2003:Ek wil dit nie doen nie.
1918:He (has) bought a house.
1885:I know that he is sick.
1602:Archaic/regional variant
821:are both infinitive and
154:present indicative form
3105:Central Atlas Tamazight
1882:Ik weet dat hij ziek is.
1879:Ek weet dat hy siek is.
442:might (was allowed to)
107:For more guidance, see
2299:A Grammar of Afrikaans
1906:Hy het 'n huis gekoop.
1668:(the alternative form
1622:
1614:
956:(so it already exists)
952:Dit is (Dis) gemaak –
2006:Ik wil dit niet doen.
1089:vrou, vroue (vrouens)
842:Ek het dit gebreek –
316:"be" (preterite form
80:copyright attribution
2308:Colloquial Afrikaans
1709:"hy brand mooi rooi"
1698:(its), and the term
1627:are used instead of
1119:Definite Article(s)
292:For most verbs, the
2735:Old Church Slavonic
2232:in the same way as
1849:subject–object–verb
1774:
1416:
1122:Indefinite Article
327:
3600:Lingua Franca Nova
3243:Classical Japanese
2100:in Afrikaans. The
1773:The "STOMPI" rule
1772:
1412:
1048:grammatical gender
981:present participle
946:Dit word gemaak –
920:Germanic languages
462:would (wanted to)
323:
306:historical present
88:interlanguage link
3627:
3626:
3281:Classical Chinese
2926:
2925:
2387:world's languages
2218:
2217:
2191:
2190:
2090:
2089:
2013:
2012:
1889:
1888:
1829:
1828:
1587:
1586:
1414:Personal Pronouns
1356:
1355:
1166:
1165:
1107:
1106:
801:(past participle
791:(past participle
714:
713:
630:bear, give birth
627:gebaard / geboren
570:
569:
466:
465:
290:
289:
187:
186:
120:
119:
49:
45:
3657:
3296:Mandarin Chinese
3127:Levantine Arabic
2455:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2353:
2348:
2320:
2311:
2302:
2293:
2275:
2272:de Stadler (1996
2269:
2211:...he eats not.)
2210:
2196:
2122:
2022:
1989:
1968:
1854:
1845:relative clauses
1775:
1634:
1625:
1617:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1562:
1549:
1494:
1481:
1421:Subject Pronouns
1417:
1270:
1254:
1246:
1226:
1195:
1116:
1111:grammatical case
1061:
948:It is being made
910:
879:
853:(ek) is broken.
584:
575:
480:
471:
358:
345:
328:
274:
237:
203:
151:infinitive form
148:
99:
93:
66:Google Translate
47:
43:
26:
25:
18:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3604:
3571:
3543:
3525:
3493:Native American
3486:
3456:
3428:
3390:
3361:
3333:
3310:
3257:
3224:
3191:
3146:
3086:
3032:
2979:
2922:
2884:
2814:
2779:
2701:
2678:
2600:
2579:Scottish Gaelic
2538:
2444:
2389:
2380:
2322:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2263:
2258:
2246:
2177:
2164:
2151:
2138:
2104:in Dutch means
1958:. For example,
1956:double negative
1952:
1950:Double negative
1841:content clauses
1763:
1758:
1638:
1637:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1592:
1426:Object pronouns
1407:
1177:
1172:
1092:vrouw, vrouwen
1081:kind, kinderen
1075:child, children
1044:
1005:sterf/sterwende
942:. For example,
940:past participle
932:past participle
899:. For example,
868:. For example,
823:past participle
783:past participle
402:should (would)
334:preterite form
139:
116:
115:
114:
97:
91:
50:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
3663:
3661:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3632:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3497:
3495:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3466:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2755:Serbo-Croatian
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2629:Istro-Romanian
2626:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2337:10.2307/410487
2331:(4): 544–549.
2312:
2303:
2294:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2242:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1983:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1951:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1718:can also mean
1674:
1673:
1657:
1636:
1635:
1604:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1406:
1403:
1379:
1378:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1343:
1338:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1320:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1176:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1043:
1040:
958:
957:
950:
930:(to become) +
916:
915:
885:
884:
847:
846:
840:
776:auxiliary verb
712:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
692:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
672:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
652:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
638:dag(arch.)/dog
636:
632:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
612:
611:
608:
604:
603:
600:
597:
594:
590:
589:
586:
579:
568:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
551:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
534:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
517:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
500:
499:
496:
493:
490:
486:
485:
482:
475:
464:
463:
460:
457:
454:
453:will (want to)
451:
448:
444:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
424:
423:
422:must (had to)
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
404:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
384:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
364:
363:
360:
353:
350:
347:
340:
336:
335:
332:
302:I have watched
288:
287:
284:
281:
277:
276:
269:
266:
262:
261:
258:
255:
251:
250:
247:
244:
240:
239:
232:
229:
225:
224:
221:
218:
214:
213:
210:
207:
185:
184:
179:
176:
172:
171:
166:
163:
159:
158:
155:
152:
138:
135:
118:
117:
113:
112:
105:
94:
72:
69:
58:
51:
32:
31:
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3662:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3316:Austroasiatic
3313:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Indo-European
2447:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:Orthographies
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1949:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1837:V2 word order
1834:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1767:South African
1760:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1742:when meaning
1741:
1738:. Similarly,
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1192:following an
1191:
1187:
1182:
1174:
1171:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1103:hemd, hemden
1102:
1099:
1097:shirt, shirts
1096:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1078:kind, kinders
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1026:uniquely has
1025:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
966:had been made
963:
955:
951:
949:
945:
944:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
924:passive voice
921:
913:
912:I should come
906:
903:Ek sou kom –
902:
901:
900:
898:
894:
890:
882:
875:
872:Ek sal kom –
871:
870:
869:
867:
863:
859:
854:
852:
845:
841:
839:
835:
834:
833:
831:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
799:
794:
790:
789:
784:
780:
777:
772:
770:
766:
765:I had watched
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:passive voice
731:
727:
723:
719:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
693:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
673:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
653:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
633:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
613:
609:
606:
605:
591:
576:
573:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
552:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
535:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
518:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
501:
497:
494:
491:
488:
487:
472:
469:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
445:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
425:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
405:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
385:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
365:
361:
354:
351:
348:
341:
338:
337:
331:present form
329:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
285:
282:
279:
278:
270:
267:
264:
263:
259:
256:
253:
252:
249:he/she/it is
248:
245:
242:
241:
233:
230:
227:
226:
222:
219:
216:
215:
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
199:
194:
192:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
144:
136:
134:
132:
128:
127:
110:
106:
103:
95:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
59:
56:
53:
52:
46:
40:
38:
33:You can help
29:
20:
19:
16:
3442:Massachusett
3396:Austronesian
3263:Sino-Tibetan
2529:West Frisian
2466:
2428:Prepositions
2407:
2328:
2324:
2316:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2250:His genitive
2240:in English.
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2192:
2181:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2018:
2014:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1890:
1874:He is sick.
1830:
1764:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1722:, a variant
1719:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1629:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1607:
1512:hem/haar/het
1509:hom/haar/dit
1408:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1264:
1260:
1251:(pronounced
1248:
1243:(pronounced
1240:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1108:
1086:woman, women
1055:
1051:
1045:
1035:
1031:
1023:
1021:
1017:weet/wetende
1016:
1013:maak/makende
1012:
1009:bly/blywende
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
978:
973:
969:
965:
961:
959:
953:
947:
939:
935:
931:
927:
917:
911:
905:I would come
904:
896:
892:
886:
881:I shall come
880:
873:
865:
861:
858:future tense
855:
850:
848:
843:
837:
829:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
796:
792:
787:
786:
782:
778:
773:
764:
758:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
730:active voice
725:
721:
717:
715:
571:
467:
393:shall (will)
317:
313:
301:
297:
291:
246:hij/zij/het is
243:hy/sy/dit is
195:
190:
188:
181:
168:
140:
123:
121:
84:edit summary
75:
42:
39:in Afrikaans
34:
15:
3611:constructed
3595:Interlingue
3590:Interlingua
3462:Uto-Aztecan
3152:Niger–Congo
3092:Afroasiatic
2418:Determiners
2398:Phonologies
1871:Hij is ziek.
1868:Hy is siek.
1825:Infinitive
1822:Second verb
1515:him/her/it
1279:Attributive
1273:Predicative
1259:, lose the
1100:hemp, hemde
1028:subjunctive
1001:hê/hebbende
918:Like other
889:conditional
874:I will come
836:Ek breek –
459:wilde / wou
436:mog (arch.)
413:mote (must)
325:Modal verbs
310:modal verbs
124:grammar of
3634:Categories
3368:East Asian
3329:Vietnamese
3115:Historical
3077:Mingrelian
2843:Hindustani
2820:Indo-Aryan
2770:Slovincian
2730:Macedonian
2715:Belarusian
2697:Lithuanian
2659:Portuguese
2589:colloquial
2413:Adjectives
2290:The Dative
2282:References
2236:shifts to
2199:Afrikaans
2025:Afrikaans
1992:Afrikaans
1963:Afrikaans:
1927:Afrikaans:
1904:Afrikaans:
1857:Afrikaans
1807:First verb
1761:Word order
1682:(him) and
1611:Note that
1543:jullie/gij
1175:Adjectives
1168:See also:
1067:Afrikaans
997:wees/synde
974:was gemaak
962:was gemaak
897:infinitive
866:infinitive
761:pluperfect
578:Afrikaans
498:preterite
492:preterite
474:Afrikaans
352:Afrikaans
339:Afrikaans
268:jullie zijn
206:Afrikaans
193:is added.
143:infinitive
44:(May 2022)
3640:Afrikaans
3585:Esperanto
3577:auxiliary
3475:Classical
3386:Mongolian
3276:Cantonese
3210:Malayalam
3197:Dravidian
3067:Kabardian
2975:Meänkieli
2950:Hungarian
2775:Ukrainian
2720:Bulgarian
2619:Dalmatian
2519:Ripuarian
2514:Old Norse
2509:Norwegian
2504:Icelandic
2467:Afrikaans
2321:See also
2092:The word
1704:Rooibaard
1506:he/she/it
1503:hij/zij/het
1500:hy/sy/dit
1441:Afrikaans
1432:Afrikaans
1399:questions
1257:diphthong
1181:inflected
1139:Afrikaans
1130:Afrikaans
1022:The verb
970:is gemaak
803:reggehelp
716:The verb
687:gestorven
667:overleden
664:overlijdt
607:irregular
506:dag / dog
298:I watched
294:preterite
286:they are
271:you are (
234:you are (
231:jij/u bent
198:conjugate
126:Afrikaans
102:talk page
3549:artistic
3539:American
3501:Cherokee
3409:Hawaiian
3347:Has Hlai
3291:Kokborok
3286:Dzongkha
3248:Okinawan
3238:Japanese
3142:Ugaritic
3137:Tigrinya
3062:Georgian
3039:European
2965:Livonian
2940:Estonian
2896:Albanian
2873:Sanskrit
2848:Maithili
2838:Gujarati
2833:Bhojpuri
2750:Silesian
2674:Venetian
2664:Romanian
2643:Lombard
2594:literary
2459:Germanic
2433:Pronouns
2408:Grammars
2383:Grammars
2325:Language
2244:See also
2222:moet nie
2202:English
2131:English
2031:English
1998:English
1979:English:
1939:English:
1916:English:
1863:English
1478:ye/you (
1475:jij/u/gij
1447:English
1438:English
1405:Pronouns
1389:question
1233:becomes
1064:English
707:getrouwd
610:regular
602:perfect
596:perfect
588:English
484:English
362:English
349:English
280:hulle is
265:julle is
212:English
157:English
78:provide
3557:Klingon
3511:Miskito
3470:Nahuatl
3424:Tagalog
3414:Ilocano
3404:Cebuano
3339:Kra–Dai
3306:Tibetan
3271:Burmese
3253:Hachijō
3230:Japonic
3205:Kannada
3182:Swahili
3013:Turkmen
3008:Turkish
2955:Ingrian
2945:Finnish
2918:Hittite
2906:Ancient
2868:Punjabi
2853:Marathi
2828:Bengali
2803:Persian
2793:Kurdish
2785:Iranian
2765:Slovene
2745:Russian
2692:Latvian
2669:Spanish
2652:Western
2647:Eastern
2634:Italian
2614:Catalan
2557:Cornish
2534:Yiddish
2524:Swedish
2494:Faroese
2482:English
2385:of the
1847:) have
1804:Subject
1217:apocope
1153:de/het
993:komende
851:subject
838:I break
819:ontmoet
815:verkoop
798:reghelp
769:perfect
746:geboren
742:gebaard
698:getroud
681:gesterf
658:oorlede
647:gedacht
599:present
593:present
581:Dutch (
566:become
495:present
489:present
477:Dutch (
355:Dutch (
342:Dutch (
260:we are
228:jy/u is
100:to the
82:in the
41:.
3619:Lojban
3609:Other
3567:Quenya
3516:Navajo
3491:Other
3452:Ojibwe
3447:Munsee
3381:Korean
3376:Evenki
3366:Other
3220:Telugu
3172:Herero
3132:Somali
3122:Kabyle
3110:Hebrew
3100:Arabic
3057:Basque
3052:Adyghe
3047:Abkhaz
3037:Other
3018:Uyghur
2998:Kyrgyz
2993:Kazakh
2985:Turkic
2970:Udmurt
2932:Uralic
2858:Nepali
2798:Pashto
2760:Slovak
2740:Polish
2707:Slavic
2684:Baltic
2624:French
2606:Italic
2552:Breton
2544:Celtic
2499:German
2472:Danish
2345:410487
2343:
2234:do not
2230:moenie
2226:moenie
2128:Dutch
2028:Dutch
1995:Dutch
1973:Dutch:
1933:Dutch:
1910:Dutch:
1897:German
1891:As in
1860:Dutch
1816:Manner
1813:Object
1756:Syntax
1623:zullie
1615:hullie
1556:jullie
1282:Notes
1223:after
1162:een/ʼn
1142:Dutch
1133:Dutch
1070:Dutch
827:prefix
763:(e.g.
726:gebore
722:gebaar
710:marry
704:trouwt
701:getrou
684:sterft
650:think
641:gedink
621:gebaar
618:gebore
515:think
382:could
296:(e.g.
283:zij zijn
257:wij zijn
254:ons is
220:ik ben
209:Dutch
3562:Naʼvi
3521:Otomi
3506:Inuit
3482:Nawat
3434:Algic
3419:Malay
3324:Khmer
3215:Tamil
3177:Sotho
3165:Pular
3082:Ubykh
3028:Yakut
3023:Uzbek
3003:Tatar
2911:Koine
2901:Greek
2889:Other
2878:Vedic
2808:Tajik
2725:Czech
2639:Latin
2584:Welsh
2562:Irish
2477:Dutch
2438:Verbs
2423:Nouns
2341:JSTOR
2274::253)
2256:Notes
2238:don't
1893:Dutch
1833:Dutch
1819:Place
1740:julle
1728:their
1720:their
1715:hulle
1583:them
1577:hulle
1568:hulle
1559:you (
1553:julle
1546:you (
1540:julle
1491:you (
1488:jou/u
1485:jou/u
1464:mij/me
1444:Dutch
1435:Dutch
1391:) is
1384:vraag
1301:goeie
1276:Gloss
1247:) or
1236:vaste
1212:regte
1207:recht
1204:Dutch
1202:(cf.
1136:Gloss
1127:Gloss
1042:Nouns
985:-ende
793:gehad
754:borne
738:baren
675:sterf
661:oorly
655:oorly
644:denkt
624:baart
560:wordt
549:know
532:have
526:heeft
512:dacht
509:denkt
439:mocht
419:moest
223:I am
217:ek is
137:Verbs
131:Dutch
62:DeepL
3531:sign
3357:Thai
3301:Mizo
3187:Zulu
3160:Fula
2960:Komi
2863:Odia
2574:Manx
2209:lit.
2125:No.
1967:lit.
1895:and
1843:and
1810:Time
1744:your
1736:them
1732:they
1730:and
1670:onse
1619:and
1574:they
1472:jy/u
1394:vrae
1371:) –
1341:high
1335:hoog
1312:laag
1295:good
1289:goed
1263:and
1156:a(n)
1036:ware
1024:wees
979:The
928:word
909:lit.
887:The
878:lit.
876:(or
856:The
811:ont-
809:and
807:ver-
752:and
750:born
744:and
724:and
718:baar
695:trou
690:die
670:die
635:dink
615:baar
563:werd
557:werd
554:word
546:wist
543:weet
537:weet
503:dink
416:moes
410:moet
407:moet
314:wees
175:wees
169:have
76:must
74:You
55:View
3352:Lao
3072:Laz
2567:Old
2487:Old
2333:doi
2114:heb
2110:het
2102:het
2098:het
2094:het
1749:jul
1724:hul
1690:dit
1679:hom
1666:our
1661:ons
1580:hen
1535:us
1532:ons
1529:ons
1520:ons
1467:me
1401:).
1369:old
1364:oud
1347:hoë
1324:lae
1318:low
1253:/x/
1245:/t/
1230:vas
1225:/s/
1219:of
1199:reg
1194:/x/
1150:die
1147:the
1109:No
989:kom
893:sou
862:sal
830:ge-
779:het
583:3SG
540:wis
529:had
523:had
520:het
479:3SG
456:wou
450:wil
447:wil
433:may
430:mag
427:mag
399:zou
396:sou
390:zal
387:sal
379:kon
376:kon
373:can
370:kan
367:kan
357:3SG
344:3SG
320:).
318:was
165:het
64:or
3636::
2339:.
2329:30
2327:.
2264:^
2116:.
2106:it
1799:I
1796:v2
1781:v1
1752:.
1700:hy
1695:sy
1685:sy
1664:–
1655:me
1653:,
1651:my
1649:–
1646:my
1630:zij
1593:^
1571:zij
1563:)
1561:PL
1548:PL
1526:we
1523:wij
1495:)
1493:SG
1480:SG
1461:my
1455:ik
1452:ek
1374:ou
1265:-g
1261:-d
1249:-g
1241:-d
1186:-e
1170:'n
1056:-s
1052:-e
1032:sy
1019:)
1015:,
1007:,
1003:,
999:,
938:+
936:is
895:+
864:+
817:,
788:hê
781:+
771:.
756:.
585:)
481:)
359:)
346:)
275:)
273:PL
238:)
236:SG
191:-s
182:be
178:is
162:hê
133:.
2375:e
2368:t
2361:v
2347:.
2335::
2184:)
2176:4
2163:3
2150:2
2137:1
1793:P
1790:M
1787:O
1784:T
1778:S
1734:/
1550:)
1482:)
1458:I
1397:(
1387:(
1367:(
1221:t
1190:t
1159:ʼn
991:/
987:(
914:)
907:(
883:)
813:(
111:.
104:.
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