317:
were typically carried with each gun. Agar also added a cooling mechanism to the barrel, which consisted of a metal jacket through which air was forced to provide cooling. The air came from a turbine, which was powered by the same hand crank that was used to fire the weapon. This cooling air also tended to blow away any pieces of unburned paper from the cartridge that happened to be near the barrel. The rate of fire was limited to 120 rounds per minute, which also helped to prevent overheating.
297:
144:
273:, inventors were encouraged to create new and better weapons. The Agar machine gun was one of about fifty or so hand-cranked machine guns developed for the war during this period. It was named after its inventor, Wilson Agar (sometimes spelled Wilson Ager). The gun was nicknamed the "Coffee Mill Gun" because the crank and the ammunition hopper on the top of the weapon gave it a look similar to that of a common kitchen coffee grinder.
364:. He was so impressed that he ordered all ten available weapons to be purchased immediately, at a cost of $ 1,300 each, which was a very high price at the time. Later in the same year, General McClellan ordered an additional fifty weapons, at a reduced cost of $ 735 each. In 1861, General Butler purchased two guns at $ 1,300 each, and in the following year General Fremont also purchased two guns, paying $ 1,500 for each.
33:
349:
288:
causing the Rebels to flee. The "Coffee Mill" gun was also used somewhat by the Union during McClellan's
Peninsula Campaign in 1862. The Union Army was not the only one to have used the "Coffee Mill" guns. In September 1862, Confederates obtained seventeen of the machine guns when they captured Harpers Ferry, and used them sparingly in 1864.
313:
round. The empty metal tubes would subsequently be collected in a pan located under the weapon. The metal tubes would then be reloaded and placed back in the hopper. This made quite a bit of work for the gun crews, since the tubes had to be reloaded quickly enough to keep up with the machine gun's relatively high rate of fire.
287:
were said to have used the Agar Guns in a skirmish by
Harpers Ferry. In another skirmish at Middleburg, Virginia, on March 29, 1862, a captain by the name of Bartlett recalled Union soldiers firing an Agar Gun at attacking Confederate cavalry at a distance of 800 yards, inflicting many casualties and
312:
The weapon was fired using a hand crank, located at the rear of the gun. The crank would feed rounds into the weapon from the hopper, and would fire them one by one. A wedge shaped block would rise up and lock the round in place, a cam operated hammer would then strike the percussion cap, firing the
371:
for using too much ammunition to ever be practical, and the guns saw little use on the battlefield. They were often deployed to remote locations to guard bridges and narrow passes. The guns often performed poorly in the field. The single barrel design proved prone to overheating, and the weapon was
316:
The Agar machine gun had a single barrel. This design proved to be prone to overheating, especially during periods of sustained fire. The overheating problem was ameliorated somewhat through the use of replacement barrels which could be swapped when the barrel in use overheated. Two spare barrels
280:, who was very impressed by the weapon. Lincoln wrote "I saw this gun myself, and witnessed some experiments with it, and I really think it is worth the attention of the Government." Ten of the weapons were purchased immediately. The Union eventually ordered fifty-four additional guns.
387:
Because of the way it was used in battle, the Agar machine gun, like most machine guns of the period, was never able to show its potential. Machine guns later became much more important on the battlefield. In 1865, the few remaining Agar machine guns were sold for $ 500 each.
335:
The Agar machine gun also had a built-in steel shield, which was a design feature not seen on other machine guns of the period. This gave the Agar a much more modern appearance, since single barrel machine guns with similar shields became common in
304:
The Agar machine gun fired .58 caliber cartridges. Standard paper cartridges were loaded into re-usable metal tubes. A separate percussion cap was fitted to a nipple at the rear of this tube, effectively creating a
380:, but this was not widely available during the time that the Agar machine gun was used. The gun's range was also criticized. It had a range of about 800 yards, which was roughly the same as the range of the
794:
769:
754:
332:, still in use today. The Agar gun's hopper is in fact the only multiple-chamber configuration other than the ubiquitous revolver to have been used in practice.
1636:
877:
1459:
1444:
1434:
1383:
1378:
1363:
715:
276:
Agar advertised the gun as "an army in six feet square", due to its high rate of fire. In 1861, the Agar machine gun was demonstrated to
President
1173:
1133:
706:
1626:
1022:
997:
942:
352:
Ager "Coffee Mill" gun in the hands of the 96th
Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiment, Camp Northumberland, northern Virginia, February 1862
639:
526:
481:
443:
116:
872:
852:
764:
1257:
812:
774:
746:
1522:
1042:
784:
574:
309:
cartridge, and the loaded tubes were placed into a funnel shaped hopper, which gave the weapon its "coffee mill" appearance.
54:
1153:
1464:
1321:
397:
827:
97:
1631:
69:
1469:
1303:
284:
43:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1396:
1391:
937:
897:
699:
607:
The
Machine Gun: Design Analysis of Automatic Firing Mechanisms and Related Components, Volume IV, Parts X and XI
50:
76:
1454:
1449:
1067:
759:
1401:
1252:
1213:
1143:
1104:
1032:
1027:
960:
857:
822:
817:
609:. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Ordnance, Department of the Navy, US Government Printing Office. p. 185.
1426:
1331:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1168:
376:
tubes used to hold the cartridges were heavy and expensive, and tended to get lost. Later cartridges used
83:
1439:
1072:
975:
847:
412:
253:) was an early rapid fire machine gun developed during the US Civil War. The weapon was nicknamed the
1540:
1037:
922:
892:
862:
692:
65:
1585:
1218:
917:
368:
1326:
1316:
1047:
1017:
955:
731:
677:
407:
361:
321:
300:
Breech detail seen from the rear; the bottom of the hopper funnel appears in the top right corner
270:
201:
149:
296:
143:
566:
1484:
1163:
1158:
1148:
645:
635:
610:
580:
570:
532:
522:
487:
477:
471:
449:
439:
629:
516:
1298:
1280:
1270:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1012:
932:
927:
907:
902:
804:
328:
design. In this classification scheme, it is in the same category as the much better known
1595:
1575:
1479:
1355:
1262:
1247:
1223:
1208:
1099:
1094:
1007:
867:
673:
357:
329:
277:
283:
Throughout the war, these weapons were used, though not extensively. In
January 1862 the
1600:
1560:
1368:
1123:
1118:
970:
965:
950:
912:
789:
559:
1129:
Sharps M1848, M1850, M1851, M1852, M1853, M1855, M1859, M1863, M1865 carbine and rifle
90:
1620:
1590:
1570:
1565:
1421:
1203:
1138:
1002:
837:
779:
723:
684:
1512:
1507:
1497:
1336:
1128:
1089:
1084:
887:
381:
1311:
1290:
842:
741:
402:
337:
162:
32:
17:
1536:
1517:
1275:
1109:
832:
325:
306:
649:
614:
536:
491:
1580:
1555:
1550:
1502:
1492:
1346:
1242:
882:
634:. Images of America. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 17, 21.
584:
453:
1435:
James 24-pounder M1839, 32-pounder M1829 and 42-pounder M1841 rifled cannon
348:
1460:
Parrott 30-pounder, 100-pounder, 200-pounder and 300-pounder rifled cannon
989:
736:
234:
1605:
1430:(also known as James 6-pounder M1861 or 3.8-inch M1861 rifled cannon)
985:
384:
used by infantry. A longer range weapon would have been preferred.
377:
373:
347:
295:
688:
26:
356:
In 1861, the Agar machine gun was demonstrated to
President
1085:
Joslyn M1855, M1861, M1862, M1864, M1865 carbine and rifle
1364:
8-inch M1841, 10-inch M1841 and 13-inch M1861 mortar
518:
476:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 118, 119.
1535:
1478:
1377:
1354:
1345:
1289:
1232:
984:
803:
722:
521:. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 28–29.
233:
228:
220:
212:
207:
197:
189:
181:
176:
168:
157:
134:
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
558:
1144:Spencer M1860, M1865 repeating carbine and rifle
700:
565:. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications. p.
320:The Agar gun can be classified as a multiple-
8:
818:Allen & Thurber M1837 revolver pepperbox
770:M1850 army staff & field officer's sword
510:
508:
429:
427:
1351:
883:Deringer M1825 Philadelphia caplock pistol
755:M1840 army noncommissioned officer's sword
707:
693:
685:
131:
971:Wesson and Leavitt M1850 Dragoon revolver
928:Remington M1860 Elliot revolver pepperbox
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
473:Firearms: The Life Story of a Technology
833:Butterfield M1855 transitional revolver
465:
463:
423:
1455:Parrott 20-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
1450:Parrott 10-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
1407:12-pounder M1857 Napoleon field cannon
1304:Billinghurst Requa Battery volley gun
1023:Colt M1855 revolver carbine and rifle
7:
1427:James 14-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
893:Harpers Ferry M1836 and M1842 pistol
795:USMC noncommissioned officer's sword
285:28th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry
55:adding citations to reliable sources
1440:Ordnance 3-inch M1861 rifled cannon
943:Smith & Wesson Model No. 2 Army
823:Allen & Wheelock M1861 revolver
561:Arms and Equipment of the Civil War
372:also prone to jamming. The special
1523:Whitworth 70-pounder rifled cannon
1470:Whitworth 12-pounder rifled cannon
1402:12-pounder M1841 mountain howitzer
1134:Sharps & Hankins M1862 carbine
1018:Charleville M1816 and M1822 musket
888:Elgin M1838 cutlass caplock pistol
25:
1637:Machine guns of the United States
947:Spiller & Burr M1861 revolver
716:Weapons of the American Civil War
933:Savage-North M1861 Navy revolver
434:Pritchard, Russ A. Jnr. (2003).
142:
31:
1445:Ordnance 4.5-inch rifled cannon
1199:Springfield M1863 rifled musket
1194:Springfield M1861 rifled musket
1189:Springfield M1855 rifled musket
1008:Brunswick P1836 and P1841 rifle
961:Volcanic M1855 repeating pistol
436:Civil War Weapons and Equipment
367:The guns were condemned by the
42:needs additional citations for
1369:Coehorn 5.82-inch M1841 mortar
1219:Wesson M1859 carbine and rifle
1214:Volcanic M1855 repeating rifle
951:Starr M1858 and M1863 revolver
1:
828:Beaumont–Adams M1862 revolver
438:. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press.
1392:6-pounder M1841 field cannon
1312:Gatling I and II machine gun
1124:Richmond M1861 rifled musket
838:Colt M1836 Paterson revolver
515:Willbanks, James H. (2004).
398:Confederate Revolving Cannon
1184:Springfield M1847 musketoon
1073:Henry M1860 repeating rifle
1038:Enfield P1853 rifled musket
1033:Deringer M1817 Common rifle
1028:Deringer M1814 Common rifle
848:Colt M1848 Dragoon revolver
775:M1852 naval officer's sword
765:M1840 light artillery saber
239:.58 in (14.73 mm)
1653:
1627:American Civil War weapons
1090:Lorenz M1854 rifled musket
938:Smith & Wesson Model 1
873:Colt M1862 Police revolver
853:Colt M1849 Pocket revolver
843:Colt M1847 Walker revolver
747:M1832 foot artillery sword
257:, and was also called the
1417:32-pounder M1844 howitzer
1412:24-pounder M1841 howitzer
1397:12-pounder M1841 howitzer
908:Lefaucheux M1858 revolver
903:Lefaucheux M1854 revolver
785:M1860 light cavalry saber
605:Chinn, George M. (1955).
169:Place of origin
141:
1493:Bomford Columbiad cannon
1179:Springfield M1842 musket
1174:Springfield M1840 musket
1169:Springfield M1835 musket
1164:Springfield M1822 musket
1159:Springfield M1816 musket
1154:Springfield M1812 musket
1149:Springfield M1795 musket
1068:Harper Ferry M1803 rifle
1063:Hall-North M1843 carbine
1048:Fayetteville M1862 rifle
923:Remington M1858 revolver
878:Colt Root M1855 revolver
868:Colt M1861 Navy revolver
863:Colt M1860 Army revolver
858:Colt M1851 Navy revolver
129:Hand cranked machine gun
1518:Rodman Columbiad cannon
1253:Double-barreled shotgun
1105:Mississippi M1841 rifle
1043:Enfield P1861 musketoon
1053:Gallager M1861 carbine
1013:Burnside M1855 carbine
976:Whitney M1857 revolver
956:Tranter M1856 revolver
628:Michael, John (2015).
557:Coggins, Jack (2004).
353:
301:
1422:Blakely rifled cannon
1332:Vandenberg volley gun
1224:Whitworth P1857 rifle
1209:Tarpley M1863 carbine
1100:Merrill M1858 carbine
1095:Maynard M1851 carbine
998:Augustin M1842 musket
631:Fort Lesley J. McNair
470:Pauly, Roger (2004).
351:
299:
1498:Brooke rifled cannon
1465:Pate revolver cannon
1337:Williams machine gun
1322:Pate revolver cannon
1258:Hale rocket launcher
1119:Potzdam M1831 musket
966:Walch M1859 revolver
918:Moore M1864 revolver
913:LeMat M1856 revolver
813:Adams M1851 revolver
51:improve this article
1586:Maynard tape primer
1308:Claxton machine gun
1204:Starr M1858 carbine
1139:Smith M1857 carbine
1003:Ballard M1861 rifle
898:Kerr M1855 revolver
760:M1840 cavalry saber
751:M1833 dragoon saber
369:Ordnance Department
292:Design and features
259:Union Repeating Gun
1632:Early machine guns
1327:Ripley machine gun
1317:Gorgas machine gun
1291:Rapid fire weapons
732:Arkansas toothpick
678:Springfield Armory
413:Lowell machine gun
408:Gorgas machine gun
362:Washington Arsenal
354:
302:
208:Production history
202:American Civil War
150:Springfield Armory
148:The weapon at the
1614:
1613:
1531:
1530:
1485:Coastal artillery
1431:
243:
242:
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
1644:
1503:Carronade cannon
1429:
1352:
1299:Ager machine gun
1281:Winans Steam Gun
1110:P1839 and P1842
1058:Hall M1819 rifle
709:
702:
695:
686:
681:
661:
660:
658:
656:
625:
619:
618:
602:
596:
595:
593:
591:
564:
554:
548:
547:
545:
543:
512:
503:
502:
500:
498:
467:
458:
457:
431:
330:revolver cannons
146:
137:
132:
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
18:Agar machine gun
1652:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1596:Paper cartridge
1576:Friction primer
1543:
1527:
1513:Paixhans cannon
1508:Dahlgren cannon
1483:
1474:
1384:Siege artillery
1382:
1373:
1341:
1285:
1263:Ketchum Grenade
1248:Congreve rocket
1228:
980:
799:
718:
713:
672:
669:
664:
654:
652:
642:
627:
626:
622:
604:
603:
599:
589:
587:
577:
556:
555:
551:
541:
539:
529:
514:
513:
506:
496:
494:
484:
469:
468:
461:
446:
433:
432:
425:
421:
394:
358:Abraham Lincoln
346:
294:
278:Abraham Lincoln
267:
255:Coffee Mill Gun
182:In service
177:Service history
153:
135:
130:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
48:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1650:
1648:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1601:Percussion cap
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1561:.56-56 Spencer
1558:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1487:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1271:Rains landmine
1268:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
994:
992:
982:
981:
979:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
809:
807:
801:
800:
798:
797:
792:
790:Mameluke sword
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
749:
744:
739:
734:
728:
726:
720:
719:
714:
712:
711:
704:
697:
689:
683:
682:
674:"Machine Guns"
668:
667:External links
665:
663:
662:
640:
620:
597:
575:
549:
527:
504:
482:
459:
444:
422:
420:
417:
416:
415:
410:
405:
400:
393:
390:
345:
342:
293:
290:
266:
263:
241:
240:
237:
231:
230:
229:Specifications
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
191:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
159:
155:
154:
147:
139:
138:
128:
125:
124:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1649:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1571:Canister shot
1569:
1567:
1566:Buck and ball
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:and equipment
1542:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:Rains grenade
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:Adams grenade
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:Other weapons
1231:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
993:
991:
987:
983:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
808:
806:
802:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
780:M1860 cutlass
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
727:
725:
724:Edged weapons
721:
717:
710:
705:
703:
698:
696:
691:
690:
687:
679:
675:
671:
670:
666:
651:
647:
643:
641:9781467123235
637:
633:
632:
624:
621:
616:
612:
608:
601:
598:
586:
582:
578:
572:
568:
563:
562:
553:
550:
538:
534:
530:
528:9781851094806
524:
520:
519:
511:
509:
505:
493:
489:
485:
483:9780313327964
479:
475:
474:
466:
464:
460:
455:
451:
447:
445:9781585744930
441:
437:
430:
428:
424:
418:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
395:
391:
389:
385:
383:
382:rifle-muskets
379:
375:
370:
365:
363:
359:
350:
343:
341:
339:
333:
331:
327:
323:
318:
314:
310:
308:
298:
291:
289:
286:
281:
279:
274:
272:
264:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
238:
236:
232:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
203:
200:
196:
193:United States
192:
188:
184:
180:
175:
172:United States
171:
167:
164:
161:Hand cranked
160:
156:
151:
145:
140:
133:
121:
118:
110:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
1111:
1078:
1077:Jenks M1841
653:. Retrieved
630:
623:
606:
600:
588:. Retrieved
560:
552:
540:. Retrieved
517:
495:. Retrieved
472:
435:
386:
366:
355:
334:
319:
315:
311:
303:
282:
275:
268:
258:
254:
250:
246:
244:
190:Used by
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
742:Bowie knife
403:Gatling gun
338:World War I
269:During the
216:Wilson Agar
163:machine gun
1621:Categories
1591:Minié ball
1541:cartridges
1537:Ammunition
1112:Brown Bess
655:August 18,
590:August 18,
576:0486433951
542:August 18,
497:August 18,
419:References
307:centerfire
77:newspapers
66:"Agar gun"
1581:Gunpowder
1556:.44 Henry
1551:.22 Short
1347:Artillery
1243:Coach gun
650:900028867
615:474445153
537:249775437
492:845696739
324:, single-
271:Civil War
185:1861–1865
136:Agar gun
107:June 2013
1276:Sea mine
1079:Mule ear
805:Sidearms
585:53814335
454:53018870
392:See also
247:Agar gun
221:Designed
213:Designer
1356:Mortars
1081:carbine
990:muskets
737:Bayonet
322:chamber
265:History
235:Caliber
91:scholar
1606:Ramrod
1114:musket
986:Rifles
648:
638:
613:
583:
573:
535:
525:
490:
480:
452:
442:
326:barrel
152:Museum
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
1480:Naval
1379:Field
378:brass
374:steel
249:(or
98:JSTOR
84:books
988:and
657:2017
646:OCLC
636:ISBN
611:OCLC
592:2017
581:OCLC
571:ISBN
544:2017
533:OCLC
523:ISBN
499:2017
488:OCLC
478:ISBN
450:OCLC
440:ISBN
251:Ager
245:The
224:1861
198:Wars
158:Type
70:news
1482:and
1381:and
360:at
344:Use
53:by
1623::
1539:,
676:.
644:.
579:.
569:.
567:43
531:.
507:^
486:.
462:^
448:.
426:^
340:.
261:.
708:e
701:t
694:v
680:.
659:.
617:.
594:.
546:.
501:.
456:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
